USA > Pennsylvania > Early history of western Pennsylvania, and of the West, and of western expeditions and campaigns, from MDCCLIV to MDCCCXXXIII > Part 1
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374.8 R87e 815705
M. L.
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01178 9523
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/earlyhistoryofwe00rupp_0
EARLY HISTORY
OF
WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA,
AND OF THE WEST,
AND OF
WESTERN EXPEDITIONS AND CAMPAIGNS,
FROM BLACK GOLD
MDCCLIV TO MDCCCXXXIII.
BY A GENTLEMAN OF THE BAR.
WITH AN APPENDIX,
CONTAINING
BESIDES COPIOUS EXTRACTS FROM IMPORTANT INDIAN TREATIES, MINUTES OF CONFERENCES, JOURNALS, ETC., A TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTIES OF ALLEGHENY, WESTMORELAND, WASHINGTON, SOM- ERSET, GREENE, FAYETTE, BEAVER, BUTLER, ARMSTRONG, ETC.
ILLUSTRATED BY SEVERAL DRAWINGS.
PITTSBURG: PUBLISHED BY A. P. INGRAM, FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY. HARRISBURG : PUBLISHED BY W. O. HICKOK. 1848.
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iv
PUBLISHER'S NOTICE.
mission to Logstown, 1748; Croghan's missions, 1750 and '51; Colonel Fry's treaty with the Indians at the same place, 1752; George Washington's mission to the French commandant at Le Bœuf, 1753; the erecting of a Fort, at or near the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela; its surrender to the French ; the erection of Fort Du Quesne; George Washington's Expedition; capitulation of Fort Necessity, in 1754; General Braddock's arrival, progress of his march, defeat, &c., 1755; Colonel John Armstrong's Expedition to Kittanning, and signal defeat of the Indians there, 1756; General John Forbes' Expedition, Grant's defeat, evacuation of Fort Du Quesne by the French, 1758; the erection of Fort Pitt, by General Stanwix, 1759; Colonel H. Bouquet's Expedition, engagement with, and defeat of the Indians at Bushy run, 1763; Bouquet's Expedition into the Northwestern Territory, now Ohio, to Tuscarawas, Musk- ingum, &c., 1764; Lord Dunmore's war, 1774; Harmar's Expedition, 1790; St. Clair's Expedition and defeat, 1791; Wayne's Expedition and treaty with. the Indians, 1793, '95; battle of Tippecanoe, 1811; Mississinewa Expedition, 1812; siege of Fort Meigs, &c., 1812; Border war in the West, and capture of Blach Hawk, 1833.
THE APPENDIX will contain copious extracts from Weiser's, Croghan's, Washington's, and other Provincial Agent's Journals, Treaties, Conferences ; the correspondence between General Braddock and Governor Morris, and others ; many important historical facts and thrilling incidents, that could not be noticed in the body of the work without too great digression from a Historical Narra- tive."
DANIEL W. KAUFFMAN, Publisher. Pittsburg, October, 1846.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Christopher Columbus, p. 17; Discovery and early settlement of the Country, 18 ; Colonies of North and South Virginia, 20 ; Maryland, 21 ; New York, 21 ; New Jersey, 24; Pennsylvania and Penn, 25 ; French Settlements of Quebec, 27; Discoveries and Settlers on the Western Waters, 28; Notices of Indian tribes and difficulties, 30; Washington appointed Colonel, 39; Arrival of Braddock, 29.
CHAPTER II.
First or early settlements west of the Alleghenies, 40 ; On the head waters of the Ohio, 42; In the several counties, 45; The trials and difficulties to which they were incident, 50; Manners and Customs, 51.
CHAPTER III.
Washington's Mission to Fort Le Bœuf, 62; Erection of a Fort at the junc- tion of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, 65 ; Arrival of the French from Fort Venango, 65 ; Summons by the French to surrender, 66; Surrender of the Fort by Ensign Ward, 66; Washington's Letters, 66; Notice of Half- King, 71.
CHAPTER IV.
Washington's Expedition on the Monongahela, 73; The surprise and cap- ture of the French detachment under Jumonville, 74 ; His Death, 74 ; Erection of Fort Necessity, 75; Battle of the Great Meadows, and surrender of the Fort, 75; Vote of thanks to Washington and the Army, by the Assembly of Virgi- nia, 87 ; The erection of Fort Cumberland, 89: Measures to raise additional troops, 89 ; Resignation of Colonel Washington, 90.
CHAPTER V.
The British Government determined to check the encroachments of the French in America, 91; The arrival of General Braddock in Virginia, with two regiments of regular troops, 91 ; Call upon Pennsylvania for money, 92 ; Her resources in 1755, 92; Convention of Colonial Governors, and plan of the
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
campaign, 92 ; Expedition of General Braddock against Fort Du Quesne, 93 ; The appointment of Washington as one of his Aids, 93; His difficulties in obtaining supplies, 94 ; The Mission cf Franklin as Agent of the Assembly of Pennsylvania, 95; His extraordinary services, 96; The movement of the Army from Fort Cumberland to the Little Meadows, 98; A Council of War called, and the plan adopted to advance with 1200 chosen men, 99; The am- buscade of the French and Indians, 100 ; The Battle of the Monongahela, and total defeat of the army, 101 ; The retreat under Washington, of the survivors, 105 ; The death and burial of General Braddock, 107; The panic of Colonel Dunbar, and his destruction of the stores and artillery, and retreat over the mountains, 107; A description of the battle-field, 113; The causes of Brad- dock's defeat, 114; The burial of the relics of the slain, 112; Character of General Braddock, by Grahame, 115.
CHAPTER VI.
Campaign of 1756, against Crown Point, Niagara, Fort Du Quesne, failed, 116 ; Frontiers of Pennsylvania exposed to the ravages of the Indians, 118; Colonel Armstrong's Expedition against the Indians in 1756, 121 ; Their sig. nal defeat, 125; Proceedings of the Philadelphia City Council, 129 ; The effect of Armstrong's Expedition on the Indians, 131.
CHAPTER VII.
The despondency of the colonies in the beginning of 1758, 131 ; The change in the British Ministry, and the appointment of William Pitt as Prime Minis- ter, 132 ; His character, energy and wisdom, in the defence of the colonies, 133; The Zeal of Pennsylvania to aid the minister, 133; The assembling of 50,000 men in America, 134; The plan of the campaign, 134; The arrival of General Forbes, at Philadelphia, at the head of 1200 royal troops, to co-operate with 6000 provincials, in an expedition against Fort Du Quesne, 135 ; The as- sembling of the provincials at Bedford and Fort Cumberland, 136 ; The pro- gress of General Forbes to Loyalhanna, 137; Major Grant's unfortunate attempt upon Fort Du Quesne, 138 ; The attack of the French upon Colonel Bouquet, at Loyalhanna, and their defeat, 139; The evacuation of the fort, at the approach of General Forbes, 140; The glorious termination of the cam- paign, 141.
CHAPTER VIII.
The success of the English in 1759, 144 ; The death of Gen. Forbes, and the appointment of Gen. Stanwix as commander-in-chief in the middle colonies, 145 ; The erection of Fort Pitt by Gen. Stanwix, and his conference with the Indians, 146 ; Speech of the Wyandott chief, 145, The return of Gen. Stanwix to England, 146; The capture of Montreal, and the surrender of all Canada to the English, and peace with France, 147; The first expedition of the English troops to the Upper Lakes, 147; Their reception by the celebrated Pontiac, 148 ; The Indian stratagem, capture of Michilimackinac, and massacre of the
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
garrison, 149; Pontiac's appearance with his warriors before Detroit, 150 ; His scheme to surprize the garrison divulged by an Indian woman, 151 ; The battle at the Bloody Bridge, 153; The schooner for the relief of Detroit attacked by the Indians, 154 ; Their repulse, 155; Frontier Settlers massacred, 156; Many take refuge in the interior, 158 ; Bouquet's Expedition against the Indians, 158 ; Frontier forts in danger, 158; Bouquet's Engagement with the Indians at Bushy Run, and their defeat, 159 ; Bouquet arrives at Fort Pitt, 163.
CHAPTER IX.
Indian barbarities at the commencement of the year 1764, 164; Colonel Bradstreet's Expedition to the Upper Lakes, 165; Colonel Bouquet's second expedition, 166. His advance to the Indian towns on the Muskingum, 171 ; The submission of the savages, 173; The delivery of the captives to the whites, 174 ; The final treaty of peace, 176.
CHAPTER X.
Lord Dunmore's War of 1774, 178 ; The causes that led to it, 180 ; Murder of Logan's family, Bald Eagle, and others, 181 ; Commencement of hostilities, 181; Lewis' Expedition, 183 ; The battle at Point Pleasant, 184 ; Dunmore's treaty, 188 ; Heroism of Cornstalk, character of Lewis, vote of thanks to Lord Dunmore, 188 ; Remarks, 189.
CHAPTER XI.
The British intrigues with the Indians at the commencement of the Revolu- tionary War, 191; The friendly mission of Cornstalk, Red Hawk, and Elli- nipsico, to Point Pleasant, 192; Their detention and barbarous murder, 193 ; McIntosh's campaign, 195; Brodhead's campaign, 200 ; The persecution of the Moravian Indians, and their forcible removal to Sandusky, 201 ; Williamson's campaign, and wanton and unprovoked murder of the Christian Indians, who had returned to their villages on the Muskingum, 202 : Crawford's campaign, 209 ; His retreat, capture, and sufferings at the stake, 210; Dr. Knight's and John Slover's escape, 213; Reflections on the campaign, and manner of con- ducting the Indian war during the Revolution, 217.
CHAPTER XII.
Capture of Kaskaskia, and other British posts on the Mississippi, in 1778, by Colonel George Rogers Clarke, 218; His surprize of Vincennes, and its surrender by Governor Hamilton to the American commander, 220; The founding of Louisville, 223; The daring exploits of Simon Kenton, his cap- tivity, sufferings, and escape, 224; Colonel Daniel Boone's expedition to an Indian town on Point creek, 225 ; His defence of Boonesboro' against 500 In- dians under Du Quesne, a British officer, 226.
CHAPTER XIII.
Colonel John Bowman's Expedition against the Ohio Indians, and its unfor- tunate result, 231 ; The surprise and defeat of Major Rogers, the slaughter of
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
his men, and the miraculous escape of Captain Benham, 233; The combined British and Indian expedition under Colonel Byrd, against Riddle's and Mar- tin's forts, and the captivity of the garrisons and families under their protec- tion, 235; Colonel Clarke's Expedition, and victory over the Indians at Pick- awa, 236; Escape of Colonel Boone from the murderers of his brother, 237; Captain Whitaker's successful conflict with the Indians, 238 ; Col. Floyd's defeat, 238; Singular encounter of Samuel, James and Robert McAfee, 238 ; The appearance of a large Indian force before Bryant's fort, 245; Its failure to capture it, 249 ; The fatal battle of the Blue Licks, 249; The third Expe- dition of Col. Clarke, and the destruction of the Indian towns, 254.
CHAPTER XIV.
Population of Virginia and Kentucky increased, 257; Indian depredations, 258; Troops ordered to protect frontier settlements, 257; Settlements at Miami, and present site of Cincinnati, 258; Fort Washington built, 258; General Har- mar arrives there, 259; Indians commit renewed depredations, 259; Settlers roused to avenge themselves upon the Indians, 260 ; Harmar's expedition against the Indians, 260 ; Defeat of his army, 262 ; Remarks, 262; Effects of Harmar's expedition, 263; General Charles Scott's expedition, 263 ; General Wilkinson's expedition, 264 ; Adventures of Johonnet, 265.
CHAPTER XV.
St. Clair appointed Governor of the Noth Western Territory, 271; And is also appointed Commander-in-chief, 271 ; Army assembled at Fort Washington, 272; The army marches towards Indian towns, 272; Fort Hamilton and Fort Jefferson erected; Engagement with the Indians, 273; St. Clair's defeat, 274; Return of the army to Fort Washington, 276 ; St. Clair censured, but acquitted, 276; An account of General St. Clair, 281 ; General Scott's mounted expedition to the battle ground, 283; Battle with the Indians and their defeat with 200 killed, 283 ; Recovery of artillery and arms lost at St. Clair's defeat, 283; Bu- rial of the bones of the slain, 283.
CHAPTER XVI.
Another campaign against the Indians determined upon, 284; An army raised and placed under the command of General Anthony Wayne, 285; A notice of his services and qualifications, 286; He repairs to Pittsburgh, and takes the com- mannd, 287; The great exertions of the General in drilling his men, teaching them military tactics, and inspiring them with self-confidence, 288; His encamp- ment at Legionville, twenty-five miles below Pittsburgh, in the fall of 1792, 288; His arrival at Fort Washington in the spring of 1793 ; 289 ; Efforts made to induce the Indians to make peace, 289; General Lincoln, Colonel Pickering, and Beverly Randolph appointed commissioners to treat with the Indians at San- dusky, 290; Failure of the commission, 291; President Washington, in person, visits the Indians in Western New York, 290; Colonel Hardin and Major True- man sent by General Wilkinson on missions to the Indian tribes, and both mur- dered, 291; The Kentucky volunteers join General Wayne, but too late for offen-
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
sive operations, are discharged, and the army go into winter quartess at Fort Greenville in the fall of 1793, 291; Fifteen hundred mounted volunteers join General Wayne in 1794, 293; The Indians attack Fort Recovery, and are de- feated by Major McMahan, 293; Erection of Fort Defiance, 293; General Wayne marches against the Indians, 293 ; sends a message to offer peace, 293; Little Turtle advices to accept the proposals, 295; Offer rejected, 295; General Wayne advances, 295; The battle at the Rapids, add total overthrow of the whole Indian army, 296; Correspondence between General Wayne and the com- mandant of the British Fort, 299 ; The Indians sue for peace, and a treaty en- tered into with them at Greenville, 300; Cession to the United States of four- fifths of Ohio, 300 ; The effects of Wayne's treaty, General Wayne's death, his treatment by Congress, 300; Remarks, 301.
CHAPTER XVII.
The United States establish agencies among the Indians after the victory of General Wayne, 302; The North Western Territory established, and W. H. Harrison appointed Governor, 302; He makes thirteen treaties with the Indians, in one of which he secures 51,000,000 of acres of land, 302 ; The Delawares and Shawanese object to the treaty, which is finally ratified, 363; Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet, establish a new religion among the Indians, and conceive a plan to unite all the tribes against the whites, 303 ; Governor Harrison makes a treaty for more land in 1303, 304; Tecumseh and the Prophet oppose it, and concentrate a band of warriors on the Wabash, 304; Governor Harrison invites Tecumseh to Vincennes to hold a council, 306; He apperrs with 300 warriors, the council ends without any conciliation, 310; Governor Harrison marches to the Prophet's town, 312; The battle of Tippecanoe, 314.
CHAPTER XVIII.
Declaration of War against Great Britain, June 18th, 1812, 320 ; Gov. Hull arrives at Detroit, at the head of' 2500 men, 321 ; Determines to invade Canada, 322; Col. McArthur takes possession of the valley of the Thames, 323; Col. Cass' battle at Aux Canards, 324 ; Attack upon Major Vanhorn, at Brownstown, 324 ; Brilliant victory of Col. Miller, at Magagua, 324 ; Hull orders Fort Chi- cago to be evacuated, 325 ; Defeat and massacre of the garrison, 325; He re- treats to Detroit, 325 ; His inglorious surrender, 325 ; An army raised to retake Detroit, 325 ; General Harrison appointed commander-in-chief, 325; Gallant defence of Fort Harrison, by Captain Zachary Taylor, 325; Expedition of Gen. Hopkins, and its failure, 326 ; The successful expedition of Gov. Edwards and Col. Russell to the Peoria Indian towns, 327; The successful Expedition of Gen. Hopkins and Col. Butler, to the Prophet's town, 328 ; Gen. Tupper's battle with the Indians, 328; The Mississinnewa Expedition, 328.
CHAPTER XIX.
In the beginning of 1813, General Harrison at Franklinton, 331 : His plan of campaign, 331 ; General Winchester obeys orders, and marches to the river Rai- sin, 332; Victory of the Kentucky troops at the river Raisin on the eighteenth
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
of January, 333; Arrival of Proctor with fifteen hundred men, 334 ; Desperate battle and final surrender of the Americans, 335; Horrid massarre of the pris- oners, 335; Siege and successful defence of Fort Meigs by General Harrison, 336 ; Major Croghan's gallant defence of Fort Stephenson, 337 ; Perry's victory on Lake Erie, 337 ; Battle of the Thames and victory of the American army under General Harrison, over the combined British and Indian army under Proc- tor and Tecumseh, 339.
CHAPTER XX.
Treaties made with the Indians after the battle of the Thames, in which sev- eral millions of acres of lands are ceded to the United States, 345; The number of Indians in 1820, in Michigan, Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin, 346; Treaty of 1823, 345 ; Murder of M. Methode and family, 346 ; Imprisonment of Red Bird, Black Hawk and others, 346; Murders on Indian creek, 346 ; Black Hawk war, 347; Defeat of Black Hawk, 348; Black Hawk deposed, 349.
INDEX .
A.
America discovered, page 18. Americus Vespucius, 18.
Allegheny river, Delaware and Shawa- nese Indians on, 30,36.
Amusements of early settlers, 51, 62. Articles of capitulation between the French and Washington, 79.
Alexandria, council of war held at, 92. American officers degraded, 94.
Attschechokatha, an Indian, fought un- der Gen. Braddock, 112.
Amherst Jeffrey, 153.
Armstrong's expedition against Kittan- ning, 121, 122,-his official report thereof, 121, 129-corporation of Philadelphia votes him a medal. 129, 130-effects of the expedition, 131. Anecdote of Daniel Boone, 237.
Abercrombie commander-in-chief, 135. Amherst General, 144, 155.
Ashley Lieutenant, 213.
Aikins George, 266.
Arthur St. Clair, 271 ; appointed Gov- ernor of the northwestern territory ; and commander-in-chief, 271 ; ren- devouzed at Fort Washington, 272. Ashton Major, 286.
Au Glaire river, 293.
Alexander Major, 337. Atkinson, 346.
B.
Beeson Henry, settles at Uniontown,44. Buildings of early settlers, 52.
Bastardy, did not frequently happen, 61. Bouquet Colonel, 135, 136 ; appointed
British government determines to op- pose the growing power of the French 91.
Gov. Morris, 98; sends St. Clair and Chapman to open roads, 99; arrives at the Little Meadows, 99; Wash- ington becomes an aid-de-camp, 99 ; Washington's advice to Braddock, 100; Braddock, with 1200 chosen men advanced, 100; arrives at the junction of the Youghiogheny and Monongahela rivers, 101 ; Washing- ton joins him here ; crosses the Mo- nongahela at the second crossing place, 101; battle at Braddock's field, 102; general confusion, 103 ; Braddock is mortally wounded, 103; his conduct towards his men, 105; is shot by Fausett, 105; Braddock is brought off to Dunbar's camp ; ex- pires on the 13th of July ; is buried, Washington reading the funeral ser- vice, 108; character of Braddock, 115; burial of the remains of the dead that fell on Braddock's field, 112, 113. Bozarth Experience, 198.
Beaujen M. de, a captain in the French . service holds a council with the In- dians, to engage against Braddock, 108 : is killed, 109.
Bush Run battle at. 159. Barber General, 293.
Bucher Conrad John Rev. 129.
Buockongahelas a war chief, 299, 303.
Bosoawen arrived at Halifax. 133. Bullet Captain, of Virginia, 138. Bullets found at Braddock's field, 113. Baggatiway, a favorite game of ball among the Indians, 149, 150. Bloody bridge battle at, 153.
to march to the relief of Fort Pitt, 156; advances slowly, 157 ; engage- ment with the Indians at Bushy Run, 159; arrived at Fort Pitt, 162 ; his expedition of 1764, 164, 177 , proceeds to Tuscarawa and Muskingum, 168, 174; held conference with the In- dians, 169. 172.
Braddock Edward appointed comman- der-in-chief, and arrived in Virginia, 91 ; requires provisions of Governor Morris ; establishment of a post ; calls a convention ; council of war held, 92 ; he proceeds to Frederick- Bradstreet Col. to fight the Wyandotts, town, where Franklin meets him, 93. Ottowas and Chippewas, 165. 96 ; marches to Fort Cumberland, 93; Badinger George M. 231. he charges the Assembly of Penn- Biggs Benjamin Gen. 197. sylvania with rudeness, 95; writes to Bald Eagle killed, 180.
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INDEX.
Brodhead's campaign, 200. Boone Daniel, 224. 225, 248.
Bowman Col. 227 ; his expedition, 231, 237.
Byrd Col. a British officer, 235. Bulger John, 231, 238, 248, 252.
Benham Robert Captain, 234. Bryant's Fort, 245. Blue Jacket, 300. Ball Major, 336.
Black Hawk, 346.
C.
Columbus Chris., discovered America, 17, 18.
Cornstalk, a warrior, 184, 185 ; is killed, 193,217.
Cabot, Sebastian and George, 19.
Colonization, first attempts at, 19.
Child, first English female born on this continent, 20.
Calvert founds Maryland, 23.
Colonists of Maryland, 23.
Charter, Penn obtains one for Penn- sylvania, 25.
Chester, first settlers of Pennsylvania under W. Penn, arrive at, 26.
Champlain Samuel, founds Quebec, 27. Crevecœur, a French fort, 28.
Cahichtodoa, French interpreter, OD the Allegheny river, 31.
Chartier Peter, allowed to live on Pax- ton Manor, 33; turns traitor to the English, 34.
Celeron Louis, deposites leaden plates, 35; his letter of August, 1749, 36. Crown Point, French forts at, 37. Crawford settles on Youghiogeny, 43. Corbley, an early settler, 48.
Chambers Moses, an early settler, 51. Crimes, how punished among them, 59. Combats dangerous in the extreme, 61. Contrecœur suminoned Ward to sur- render, 65.
Croghan George and Indians, rejected by Braddock, 99; sent Jo. Hickman to Kittaning, 116.
Cincinnati settled, 257.
Corbley's family murdered, 195.
Campaign of 1755, a failure, 116.
Clay Green, General, 339.
Chambers Benjamin, his letter, 118. Campaigns of 1759, successful, 144.
Cresap Captain, commands at Wheel- ing, 181.
Captina creek, murders committed on, 182.
Crawford's fort, 195. Campbell Lieutenant, 287, 296. Clark's Old Trace, 259.
Chambers Major, 341.
Crawford's campaign, 209; he is taken prisoner, 213; and burned, 214.
Clark's expedition, 218 ; troops raised ; proceeds to Fort Kaskaskia, 219; Hamilton surrenders the fort, 220; Clarke proceeded to Vincennes, 222, 235.
Cornplanter, 288, 289. Cass Colonel, 324.
D.
Drake Francis, his voyage, 19. Delaware Lord, Gov. of Virginia, 21. Death of William Penn, 27.
De La Salle, commander of Frontinac, 28; descends the lilinois river, 28; returns to Quebec ; his death, 29.
Dirty camp, early settlement at, 42. Dress of early settlers, 53.
Dancing, an amusement among early settlers, 56.
De Villiers, French commander in the engagements at Fort Necessity, 78. Dunbar Col., ordered to Virginia, 91.
[Du Quesne Fort, expedition against, 93, 134; abandoned by the French, 140.
Dumas, a French officer at Braddock's defeat, 109.
Dytoquarioan, Indian, fought under General Braddock, 112.
Du Quesne Capt., a British officer, 225. Doughty Major, at Fort Washington, 257.
Denny Governor, his message on the French abandoning Fort Du Quesne, 141; Assembly's reply, 141.
Dalyell Captain, sent to relief of De- troit, 153.
Delaware Indians on the Allegheny and Ohio, 31, 121 ; joined the French, 34 ; they sued for peace, 145.
Detroit attacked by Pontiac, 150.
Duninore Lord, his war, 178, 190.
Darke Colonel, a revolutionary officer, 274 ; his miraculous escape, 279.
Defiance Fort. 298.
Dead Chief, 305, 306.
Dudley Colonel, 338.
Dodge General, 348.
E.
Era, a new one in navightion, 2.
Early settlements west of the Allegheny mountains, 40 ; at Red Stone, 41, 42 ; at Dirty camp, 42; near Furt Pitt, 43; on the Youghiogany, 45 ; at La- wunakhannek, 46; in Beaver county, 47; on the Ohio, 47; in Greene co., Armstrong, Beaver, and Butler, 48 ; in Mercer, Crawford, Indiana, 49; in Erie, 51 ; custom and manners of, 51, 62.
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INDEX.
Elder Rev. John, 129.
Eagle, on board of which Gen. Stan- wix was lost, 146.
Etherington Major, commaader at Mi- chilimackinac, 149.
Ecuyer Captain, commanded at Fort Pitt, 155.
Ellinipsico, son of Cornstalk, 192, 193, 217.
Elliot and others plotting the destruc- tion of christian Indians, 203. Estill's Fort, 239.
Ellskwatawa. the Prophet, Tecumseh's brother, 303.
F.
French settle in Canada, and along the western Lakes, 27; their missiona- ries held councils with the natives. 28; explore illinois. Mississippi, and the Great West, 29, 30 ; Governor Spotswood resisted their encroach- ments; they erect a line of forts ; sent out agents to conciliate the In- dians, 30, 32; explore Allegheny and Ohio, 34 ; deposite plates, 35 ; erec- ted forts at Crown Point, &c., 37; their movements indicate hostile in- tentions, 64; Virginia makes ar- rangements to arrest their progress, 64; the French approach the forks of Monongahela and Allegheny, and compel Ward to surrender a fort then building, 65; are surprised by Washington, 74; they take Fort Ne- cessity, 77, 78 ; the British govern- ment determined to oppose their growing power, 91 ; defeat of Gene- ral Braddock, 102, 106; abandons Fort Du Quesne. 140; they aban doned the Lakes, 144, 147. Floyd John Colonel, 238.
Fort Pitt erected, 145,; was in a criti- cal situation. 155.
Forbes General, his expedition against Fort Du Quesne, 134; his ill health and difficulties, 135; detained at Carlise, 136 ; proceeds to Shippens. burg, Fort Loudon, Raystown, and Loyalhanna, 136, 137; sends Wash- ington in advance. 139; he takes Fort Du Quesne, 140; returns to Philadelphia, 141; bis death, 143; notice of him, 143.
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