USA > Pennsylvania > Armstrong County > Armstrong County, Pennsylvania her people past and present, embracing a history of the county and a genealogical and biographical record of representative families, Volume I > Part 39
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In 1876 there were five stores in the four- teenth and one in the thirteenth class. There were 27 laborers, 7 blacksmiths, 4 shoe- makers, 2 carpenters, 2 millers, 2 wagon- makers, I preacher, I book agent, I clerk, I
cooper, I apprentice and 26 single men. (And it was leap year.)
In 1913 the merchants were T. C. Bair at Olivet, D. B. & L. A. Townsend at South Bend, Fred W. Meyers at Idaho, and U. S. George at Girty.
EARLY POSTMASTERS
The only post office between Kittanning and Indiana one hundred years ago was that kept by Absalom Woodward at the point now called Idaho. The office was discontinued when that at Elderton was opened. The Frantz' Mills post office was established in 1843, with James Mitchell as the official in charge. This latter office was at the point on the creek now known as South Bend. James Johnson, Jr., was postmaster there in 1848. Harry H. Hanna is the present one. The Olivet postoffice was established in 1850, with John McGeary in charge. The postmaster there now is Torrence Bair, also storekeeper. The postmaster at Girty is J. A. Coulter.
Dr. John A. Lowrey is the physician at South Bend, Dr. J. T. Shutt at Girty and Dr. C. M. Ewing at Olivet.
CIIURCHES OF EARLY DAYS
For many years after the settlement of this region the only church edifice was the log one built in 1818 by Absalom Woodward and generously donated to the public at large. In this and in private houses and barns itiner- ant missionaries conducted services for many years.
The Associate Reformed Church was organ- ized in 1840 and in 1842 erected a building in the extreme southeastern part of the town- ship on Big run, calling it "Olivet." The present settlement of that name is located here in 1913. The original membership was twenty. The name of the church was changed to United Presbyterian when the two church bodies united. Some of the early pastors were: Rev. Alexander McCahan, 1843-46; M. H. Wilson, 1848-57; Samuel Anderson, 1859-67; John C. Telford, 1868-78. The Methodists have a church at Girty, built in 1870. Rev. E. H. Rodkey is the pastor.
Zion's Valley Reformed Church is situated one mile east of the western end of the town- ship on the bank of a run which empties into Crooked creek. It was built in 1868, the same years that the congregation was organized. William G. King, Absalom Klingensmith, H. G. Allshouse and Joseph Heisley were trustees,
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and the first pastor was Rev. H. N. Hoffmeier. Rev. A. S. Lenhart now supplies the pulpit.
St. Jacob's Evangelical Lutheran Church is located half a mile north of the village of South Bend, and is sometimes known as the "Hill" or "White" Church. Jacob Frantz in 1817 donated the ground on which the ceme- tery and church building stand, for the use of the Lutheran and Reformed congregations. This harmonious relation has been continued to the present time, without a single disagree- ment, even after the German language was supplanted by the English. The first pastor here was Rev. Michael Steck, who served the Lutherans from 1817 to 1823. Services were first held at the old gristmill of Jacob Frantz, but after 1820 the two congregations wor- shiped in a log house. In 1823 the Lutherans were served by Rev. G. A. Reichert and the Reformed by Rev. William Weinel. Rev. Mr. Reichert was succeeded by Rev. John H. Bernheim in 1837, and after that period the successive pastors were Revs. Jacob Zimmer- man, David McKee, Jacob H. Wright, J. W. Hutchison, Thomas J. Frederick, C. M. Wachter, J. A. Flickinger, Jacob M. Hankey, C. L. Wisswaesser, and the present pastor, Rev. C. F. Miller. Membership 100, Sabbath school, 65.
The second structure used by the congre- gations was erected in 1842, and served for thirty-eight years. It was replaced in 1881 by the present neat edifice, which cost $2,365. Later the Reformed congregation built a church in South Bend, and the old community building was sold at auction. The Reformed pastor is Rev. A. S. Lenhart.
SCHOOLS
For a while after the first settlement of this region, pay or subscription schools were taught in private houses in different parts of the then settled part of the township, which was chiefly along and in the vicinity of Crooked creek. The first schoolhouse, a primitive log one, was erected probably about 1803, near the present site of St. Jacob's Lutheran and Reformed Church edifice, in which the first teacher, or at least one of the earliest, was James Allison.
In the earlier settlement of the southern part of the township there was an ancient schoolhouse about 200 rods southwest of Olivet, on the farm of Joseph Coulter, and another about a mile and a half a little west of north from Olivet, on the farm of David
Finlay. The first schoolhouse at Olivet was built in or about 1820, on the site of G. W. Steer's old blacksmith shop, and was known as the "Big Run schoolhouse," which con- tinued to be used until 1834-35.
About a mile distant from Olivet, across the Indiana county line, is Elder's Ridge Acad- emy, whose beneficent influence in promot- ing educational interests in this region has for many years been effective.
The first school year in which this was a distinct school district was 1868. Its first an- nual report was for 1869, when the number of schools was 6; average number months taught. 4 ; male teachers, 4 : female teachers, 2; aver- age salaries of male per month, $38.25 ; aver- age salary of female per month, $35; male scholars, 288; female, 244 ; average number at- tending school, 433; cost of teaching each per month, 64 cents ; amount levied for school pur- poses, $902.84 ; minimum occupation, 21 1 ; total amount levied, $1, 113.84; received from col- lectors, unseated land, etc., $1,200.44 ; cost of instruction, $892; fuel and contingencies, $152.72; repairing schoolhouses, etc., $55.66; balance on hand, $100.06.
In 1876 the number of schools was 6; aver- age number months taught, 5; male teachers, 6; average monthly salaries, $35 ; number male scholars, 182; number female scholars, 179; average number attending school, 298; cost per month, 64 cents ; amount levied for school and building purposes, $1,179.30; received from State appropriation, $237.15; received from taxes and other sources, $1,233.71 ; paid for teachers' wages, $1,050; paid for fuel and con- tingencies, collectors' fees, etc., $196.25.
The number of schools in 1913 was 8; aver- age months taught, 7 ; male teachers, 3 ; female teachers, 5; average salaries, male $46.16; female, $45 ; male scholars, 64; female schol- ars, 85; average attendance, 142; cost per month, $3.12; tax levied, $1,648.75; received from State, $1.307.81 ; other sources, $2 .- 376.03 ; value of schoolhouses, $8,000; teach- ers' wages, $2,477.50; fuel, fees, etc., $845.34.
The school directors were: A. J. Kunkle, president ; J. G. Kinnard, secretary; J. R. Coulter, treasurer ; E. T. Smith, J. D. Miller.
POPULATION
The population of South Bend township in 1850 was 1,266; in 1860, 1,571 ; in 1870, 1,633 ; in 1880, 1,151; in 1890, 1,116; in 1900, 875; in 1910, 798.
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HISTORY OF ARMSTRONG COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
The assessment rolls for 1913 show : Timber land, 970 acres; cleared land, 12,338 acres; value of land, $224,069; houses and lots, 35; value, $9,992; average, $285.48; horses, 277; value, $13,948; average, $50.39 ; cows, 254, value, $4,115, average, $16.20; tax- able occupations, 284, valuation, $4,250. Total valuation, $297,044. Money at inter- est, $29,284.17.
GEOLOGY AND ALTITUDE
The geological formation of this township is fully treated in the sketch of Plum Creek township. There is a sharp break in the Roaring run anticlinal in the northeastern por- tion of this township, near Girty.
Close to the western line between this and Kiskiminetas township is the highest hill, 1,443 feet above the sea.
CHAPTER XXIII
PLUM CREEK TOWNSHIP
FORMATION AND BOUNDARIES-BLOCKHOUSES- FIRST SETTLERS IN THE COUNTY-EARLY LAND VALUES-INDUSTRIES-NOTABLE EVENTS-WIIITESBURG-"GREEN OAK"-ELDERTON BOROUGH -ELDERTON ACADEMY-SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY-CHURCHES-SCHOOLS-GEOLOGY
The name of this township was derived from the Indian name Sipuashanne, of which Plum Creek is a liberal translation. It was also called Alum creek on an old historical map of the county. The names were adopted from the creek which flows through the east- ern end of the township.
Plum Creek was formed in 1809 from the division of the six original townships into which Armstrong county was divided, and in- cluded, until they were separated from it in 1821 and 1848, the townships of Wayne, Cow- anshannock, Burrell and South Bend.
The original limits of the township, prev- ious to its division in 1821, were as follows : "Beginning at the fording on Mahoning creek, where the road leading from Kittanning to Reed's mill crosses said creek, thence south- ward along said road to the top of the creek hill, about one mile thence south 640 perches to a hickory ; thence south 3 degrees west 800 perches to a post ; thence south 3 degrees east to a \V. O. 450 perches; thence south 43 degrees east 40 perches to a W. O. at Peck's house; thence south 5 degrees west, 1,293 perches to Cowanshannock, about 20 perches below the mouth of Huskins' run; thence south 23 degrees west 2,265 perches to the west branch of Cherry Run, about 80 perches above the mouth of Long run; thence down Cherry run to where the same puts into Crooked Creek."
part before the more rugged and broken sec- tions of the northern and western portions were populated.
Being subject to attacks from the Indians, the first settlers of Plum Creek erected the ever necessary blockhouse on the land of Wil- liam Clark in the southeastern part, not far from the present line of Indiana county. An- other building, perforated with portholes for defense, but not originally erected as a block- house, stood on the road leading from Elder- ton to the old Crooked Creek Salt Works, on the then named Downs' farm. Both of these interesting edifices have long since passed into oblivion.
George Miller was the earliest white settler in the township in 1788. He located where the Kittanning and Indiana turnpike crosses Plum creek. Twenty years later John and Peter Thomas settled about a mile and a half north of that point at "Elder's Vale," where the latter built a grist mill, afterward owned by Robert Woodward.
Among the earliest emigrants to this section was Absalom Woodward, who came with his wife and two children in 1788 from Cumber- land county. He was an energetic and public- spirited citizen. When the first petition for a county bridge was presented to the first county court and refused from motives of economy, he voluntarily offered to build it at his own expense and wait indefinitely for the money. His generous offer was not at once accepted, and after much red tape has been unwound
The many beautiful streams with their abundant waterpower and the considerable scope of level and productive land in this was finally refused. The bridge, which crossed section of the county early attracted settlers, Crooked creek not far from Elderton, was and permanent settlements were made in this finally built by private subscription, and was 13
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HISTORY OF ARMSTRONG COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
washed away in 1818 by a February flood. An- Wayne and Cowanshannock townships, at $2 an acre.
other of his acts was the building and donation of a church near South Bend. It was a simple log one, but, considering the limited means of the pioneers, was a liberal offering to the serv- ice of God in those days.
David Ralston, whose wife, Agnes, the sec- ond daughter of Capt. Andrew Sharp, was the first white child born in this county, was one of the early settlers in 1800. He purchased and resided on several tracts in the township, finally meeting an accidental death in 1809.
Some of the original land owners and set- tlers within the old boundaries of the township were : William Cowden, Jane Elliott, Benjamin Lesher, Joseph Dunlap, Peter Deshong, Benja- min Lowrey, John Magot, Andrew Dormeyer, William Sansom, Church Smith, Samuel Dil- worth, Hugh Watson, William Nolder, John Young, Jacob Rowley, John Allison, William Hurton, Joseph Burden, Peter Altman, Robert Cooper, John Willis, George Smith, Chris- topher McMichael, James Clark, George Camp- bell, John Findley, John Biddle, James Kean, John Smith, John Davidson, John Cooper, Michael Rupert, R. McKinley, Hugh Elgin, John Nolder, Isaac Henderson, R. J. Elder, James Blakeney, Samuel McCrea, Nicholas Rittenhouse, Moses McLean, Thomas Shields, Arthur Chambers, John Eakey, Samuel Dixon, Thomas Taylor, Ann Parks, Jacob Amos, Mary Semple, Robert Semple, Walter Tem- pleton, Charles Leeper, Joseph Mather, John Fitzer, Israel Morris, Larken Dorsey, Samuel Morris, Thomas Hutchinson, George Meade, Absalom Herschberger, William Ewing, Andrew Milligan, Philip Rearigh, Alexander Nelson, George Boyer, Joseph Ogden, Robert Cogley, Christopher Miller, Thomas Hyde, Robert Towers, Stephen Lowrey, Robert Sturgeon, Andrew Craft, Riley Coe, Jacob Ruffner, Tobias Long, Archibald McIntosh, Jacob Stein, Nathan Burns, Patrick Robb, line. James Burnside, John Garrett, John Carney, Samuel P. Moore, Henry Hill, Jacob Ever- monde, Samuel George.
EARLY LAND VALUES
The first assessment list of this township, made in 1811, shows that the valuation of the one hundred rods west of the Indiana county occupied lands varied from 25 cents to $1 per line. acre. One small tract of thirty acres was assessed to William Dotty at 121/2 cents an NOTABLE EVENTS acre. The valuation of the unseated lands varied generally from 50 to 75 cents per acre, a few tracts at a dollar, and those of Timothy Pickering & Co., in what are now
The order for the survey of the Jane Elliott tract is dated April 3, 1769, and that for the William Cowden tract May 16 next ensuing. The dates of a number of the other original warrants are as early as 1773.
These and other tracts were sold 140 years ago at the rate of five shillings for three hun- dred acres, as expressed in the deeds. No comparison can be made with present values, as these portions of the township are not for sale now, and are valued according to their location, agricultural and mineralogical im- portance.
INDUSTRIES
The first assessment list of Plum Creek township, while of course its territory was in- tact, indicates that there were in it then, 1811, two gristmills and sawmills, owned respectively by James and William Clark and Peter Thomas; seven distilleries, owned respectively by William George, William Johnston (two), William Kirkpatrick, James Kirkpatrick, Church Smith, George Smith, and John Willis ; one hatter, William Fiscus, and one innkeeper, Absalom Woodward; number of taxables, 120; population, 598. The mills owned by Peter Thomas, on the Robert Elder tract, were the only ones then within the present limits of the township. There were in 1876 four grist mills in this township: J. Graham's, on Cherry run, a little north of west from Elderton; the Peter Thomas mill, then owned by Prince & McGerry, on Plum creek, nearly a mile in an air line northeast from Elderton: the Fleming mill, on the north branch of Plum creek. a little more than half a mile above its junction ; and James Johnston's on Plum creek, a few rods west of the Indiana county The township map of that year indi- cated the number of sawmills to be three: J. Ralston's about one hundred and sixty-five rods above Crooked creek, on the first run west of Plum creek ; T. A. McKee's, on Cherry run, about three fourths of a mile below Gra- ham's gristmill, and J. A. Johnston's, on the longest eastern branch of Plum creek, about
In July, 1837, heavy rains along Plum creek destroyed the thriving crops of wheat, tim- othy and clover and drowned large numbers
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HISTORY OF ARMSTRONG COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
of hogs. Two bridges, a new and an old one, were washed away.
A few days after Christmas in 1838 the steam gristmill, originally built by Peter Thomas, but then owned by Robert Wood- George, Dr. Leonce Hoover, John Kees, black- ward, was burned, together with two carding smith, William McLaughlin, Moses Miller, machines owned by James C. Fleming, and Samuel Sturgeon and Robert Woodward. 1,800 bushels of grain belonging to the farm- ers of the surrounding country.
ance Company was incorporated in 1874. It still transacts business.
This little village in the northwestern corner of the township is named after Maj. James White, who laid out and surveyed the lots in 1828. It is noted for the remarkably pictur- esque scenery in that vicinity. It is still about the same size as in early days, when Drs. J. K. Park and J. A. Kelly served the people of that section. Dr. J. A. Kelly is still practicing there. John A. Blaney was the first postmas- ter in 1861. The present one is James Blaney, who is also storekeeper.
This village is on the Kittanning and Elder- ton pike, and is one of the stopping points of the last stage line operating in the county, in 1913.
"GREEN OAK"
was a little settlement at one time in the forks Elderton was incorporated as a borough in 1859 and the first officers were: William of Plum creek, almost on the northern line of the township. It promised to be a town, Lytle, burgess: Robert Martin, William S. but the promise was never fulfilled, for its Cummins, Robert T. Robinson, Bryson Hen- namesake in Cowanshannock township, just above it, soon overshadowed it. Since 1878 it has not even been on the maps of the county.
ELDERTON BOROUGH
This borough is located on a tract formerly called "Wheatfield," originally owned by Sarah Elder, to whom a patent was issued in 1786. Robert J. Elder in 1822 laid out a town on the site, calling it "New Middletown," and it is so designated in some of the early court records and assessment lists. The first house erected in it was a small log one, which was kept as a tavern by William Elgin, whose sign was about 18 by 8 inches, nailed to a stick stuck in a stump with this inscription on it: "Oats and whiskey for sale." Mr. Elder then lived in a house afterward occupied by John R. Adams, on a farm now owned by Matthew Pettigrew.
The first assessment list of the town was in 1824 and bore the following names: Thomas Armstrong, William D. Barclay, William Coul- ter, Daniel Elgin, Samuel George, John
Among the earliest citizens of this town were Thomas Armstrong, tailor, afterward The Plum Creek Farmers' Mutual Insur- justice of the peace; Zack Kerr, chairmaker ; Hamlet Totten, shoemaker; Joseph Klingen- berger, saddler; William Lytle and William D. Barclay, merchants ; Daniel Elgin and Wil- WHITESBURG liam Coulter, innkeepers, the latter of whom was justice of the peace for nineteen years ; John and William Elgin, Robert Richey, George Shryock, A. W. Clark, George Smith, James Clark, later of Indiana, Pa., who estab)- lished the tannery afterward owned by Charles Rosborough. John Ralston traded a horse with the late Robert Woodward for the lot on which he lived in 1880. He and William Lytle entered into partnership in the mercan- tile business in 1831, which they carried on in the room afterward occupied by Dr. J. M. St. Clair.
Among the later settlers were Andrew Kim- mel and Drs. Meeker, Kelly and Allison. The last named was an army surgeon in the Civil war, and with his son later moved to Kittan- ning. It was at Elderton that the famous Dr. David Alter, of Freeport, first experimented with the telegraph.
derson, Joseph Henderson, councilmen ; John Ralston, street commissioner ; Henry Smith, R. M. Gibson, assessors; D. W. Hawk, audi- tor; Elias Kepple, constable; William Alex- ander, Noah Keifer, overseers of the poor ; John H. Morrison, Joseph Klingenberger, An- derson Henderson, William Haslett, G. W. Burkett, Charles Rosborough, school directors.
The Ebensburg and Butler pike was built through the town in 1865, the authorities sup- plying the part under their jurisdiction. This was the first good road through this part of the county. Paving of the sidewalks of the borough was begun in 1872 and at present the inhabitants are well provided with those evidences of municipal enterprise.
Robert M. Gibson opened a store here in 1832, continuing until his death in 1884, when his son Addison H. inherited the business and has carried it on ever since. John Heckman
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HISTORY OF ARMSTRONG COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
opened a store here in 1888. His successors ran, R. T. Robinson and Sarah Smith. The are Heckman Brothers.
J. R. Dunmire was postmaster here for sev- eral years. His successor in 1913 is Mrs. Liz- zie Miller, who is also the leading milliner.
The resident physicians are Drs. Jesse W. Campbell, Charles E. Keeler and William S. McCreight.
CHURCHES
The United Presbyterian congregation of Elderton was organized Dec. 25, 1854, as an Associate Presbyterian congregation, with thirty-two members, as follows : William Lytle, Mrs. Mary Lytle, Miss Elizabeth Lytle, Mrs. Nancy Henderson, W. S. Cummins, Hugh Elgin, Mrs. Mary Elgin, James Elgin, Mrs. Mary Elgin, Jr., Samuel George, Mrs. Eliza George, Miss Sarah McCreight, Mrs. Elizabeth Rupert, Mrs. Jane Clark, Mrs. Eliza Montgomery, Mrs. Martha Martin, John Ral- ston, Mrs. Jane Ralston, Mrs. Nancy Mitchell, Miss Nancy Mitchell, David McCullough, Sr., Robert Mccullough, Mrs. Nancy Cullough, David Rankin, Mrs. L. A. Rankin, Mathew Rankin, Mrs. Margaret Rankin, Mrs. Mary Rankin, Sr., John Rankin, Mrs. Mary Rankin, Jr., Mrs. Jane Henderson, James McCreight.
William Lytle and James McCreight were elected ruling elders at the time of the organ- ization. Rev. Byron Porter, the first pastor, was installed in July, 1856. For three years Mr. Porter preached at Elderton one third of his time, and from that until his death, which occurred Nov. 28, 1876.
Rev. J. B. Jackson was the pastor from 1877 to 1889. Rev. Thomas Patton is the pres- ent pastor.
The first house of worship was built in 1862, and cost $3,000. Previous to then the con- gregation had worshiped in a building owned jointly by them and the regular Presbyterians. Robert McIntosh and David Rankin were the ruling elders in 1856; Brice Henderson, W. S. Cummins, Robert Mccullough and William Smith in 1861; S. B. Neal, 1864; Alexander Hunter, 1865; Thomas Sturgeon, John M. Hunter, 1879.
The Presbyterian Church at Elderton was organized in 1885, with the following mem- bers : Robert Woodward, Mrs. E. Wood- ward, Mrs. M. A. Klingenberger, Mrs. E. Ros- borough, Mrs. Caroline Martin, Mrs. Mary Shannon, Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas, Mrs. Reb- ecca Robinson, Mrs. Polly Woodward, R. M. Gibson, Charles Rosborough, Robert Martin, John Shannon, Joseph Thomas, Robert Coch-
first lot was owned in partnership with the Associate Congregation and upon that ground a brick edifice was jointly erected in 1862. Later, the building becoming defective, it was torn down and each congregation put up a separate house of worship on lots side by side, in 1863. The Presbyterian edifice was a frame and cost $2,200. Rev. William F. Morgan preached the first sermon in the brick church in 1855 and served faithfully until 1873. Rev. Jacob L. Thompson came in 1874 and re- mained until 1876. Rev. Lycurgus Mechlin became pastor in 1877. Rev. William Offutt is the present pastor, serving the Whitesburg congregation also.
The Methodist Episcopal Church was organ- ized here in 1870 and the present handsome frame edifice in the center of the town was built in that year. Rev. A. Cameron was the first pastor and during his term the congre- gation attained the remarkable membership of 230, while 280 children and adults were on the roll of the Sabbath school. The present pastor is Rev. O. E. Rodkey.
SCHOOLS
As early as 1826 an organization existed in Elderton called the "New Middletown School- house Stockholders," who built in 1828 a schoolhouse, the first teacher being Josiah Elder. On the site of this frame school is located a fine brick public schoolhouse.
In 1860 the number of schools was I; months taught, 7; male teacher, I ; salary per month, $20; male scholars, 31 ; female scho !- ars, 34; average number attending school, 53; cost teaching each per month, 39 cents ; amount levied for school purposes, $175 ; received from collector, $175 ; expended-cost of instruction, $150; fuel and contingencies, $25.
In 1876 there was one school; months taught, 7; male teacher, I ; salary per month, $40; male scholars, 30; female scholars, 35; average number attending school, 56; cost per month, 66 cents ; levied for school and building purposes, $281.92; received-from State ap- propriation, $75-33; from taxes, etc .. $315.92; cost of schoolhouse, $14; teacher's salary, $280; fuel, contingencies, etc., $32.94.
In 1913 the number of schools was 2; months taught, 7; male teacher, I ; female teacher, I; average salaries, male, $50; fe- male, $50 ; male scholars, 30; female scholars, 32; average attendance, 48; cost per month of each scholar, $1.87; amount tax levied, $583.80; received from State, $311.38; from
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HISTORY OF ARMSTRONG COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
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