History of Cumberland and Adams counties, Pennsylvania. Containing history of the counties, their townships, towns, villages, schools, churches, industries, etc.; portraits of early settlers and prominent men; biographies; history of Pennsylvania, statistical and miscellaneous matter, etc., etc, Part 125

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Publisher: W. Taylor
Number of Pages: 1280


USA > Pennsylvania > Adams County > History of Cumberland and Adams counties, Pennsylvania. Containing history of the counties, their townships, towns, villages, schools, churches, industries, etc.; portraits of early settlers and prominent men; biographies; history of Pennsylvania, statistical and miscellaneous matter, etc., etc > Part 125
USA > Pennsylvania > Cumberland County > History of Cumberland and Adams counties, Pennsylvania. Containing history of the counties, their townships, towns, villages, schools, churches, industries, etc.; portraits of early settlers and prominent men; biographies; history of Pennsylvania, statistical and miscellaneous matter, etc., etc > Part 125


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The students of the Gettysburg Gymnasium assembled in the old acad- emy, on High Street, February 4, 1831, to tako measures for the formation of literary societies. After several addresses the roll of students was divided as evenly as possible into two sections, the first section, numbering eighteen, becoming the founders of the Phrenakosmian, and the second section, muster- ing seventeen, becoming the progenitors of the Philomathean. These divisions at once retired to separate apartments for organization, Prof. J. H. Marsden presiding for the former, and Prof. M. Jacobs wielding the gavel for the lat- ter. The initiation fee of each was fixed at 50 cents. This was afterward


128


HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY.


raised to $2.50 and ultimately to $5. Fines ranged from 62 cents to 50 cents. The regular meetings were held on Friday evenings until 1840, when the time was changed to Wednesday afternoons. The Phrenakosmian library seems to have been founded in 1831 by the purchase of "Harper's Library" as a nu- cleus, while on January 27, 1832, is recorded the first purchase of a work for the Philomathean library-"Buffon's Natural History." Enlargements of both library rooms were made from time to time as books accumulated. Both have raised and invested considerable funds, the income from which is annually expended in the purchase of books. Each library numbers about 6.500 vol- umes, A reading room under the management of each society, well supplied with suitable periodicals, has been established for the use of its members.


NEW OXFORD COLLEGE AND MEDICAL INSTITUTE.


About the year 1840 an institution of learning was established at New Oxford under the above title. Its founder was M. D. G. Pfeiffer, M. D., a German scholar and thinker, a learned and skillful physician, an ardent friend of popular and liberal education, and a man of enlarged and advanced views. One of the primary objects in the establishment of this institution of learning was to afford its founder an opportunity of illustrating and inculcating his peculiar theories in regard to human development-moral, mental and phys- ical. Although the college had for several years a considerable number of stu- dents, it never received public support and patronage commensurate with the efforts put forth in its behalf, and the enterprise has long since been abandoned as a failure. The college building, much neglected and weather-worn, and painfully suggestive of unrealized expectations, is still standing just at the edge of town on the York pike.


HUNTERSTOWN ENGLISH AND CLASSICAL ACADEMY.


A school of great usefulness in the central part of the county, as well as of much local popularity, was the "Hunterstown English and Classical Acad- emy." It was established in 1851 by Rev. I. N. Hays, who was at that time serving the Presbyterian congregation at Hunterstown as their pastor. Mr. Hays, clearly perceiving the urgent need of better educational advantages than those afforded by the public schools of the neighborhood. set to work with great energy and zeal to raise the funds necessary for the erection of a suitable building. In a comparatively short time the required amount was secured, and in due time a fine two-story brick building, with one room on each floor, was put np. The rooms were plainly but comfortably furnished. The first session of the school was opened November 3, 1852. with John H. Clarke as principal. Although the school, as an academy, has been discontinued for some years, its good influence is still felt throughont the county.


CATHOLIC SCHOOLS.


Nearly all the populous Catholic communities in the county have estab- lished separate schools for Catholic children. In these. besides the common branches of study, some attention is usually given to religious instruction. The first of these schools, of which we have any knowledge, was organized and taught at Conowago Chapel about the year 1800 by Rev. F. X. Brosius, who came to this country some eight years before. For many years subsequently a school was kept here, sometimes conducted by the clergy and sometimes by Jay teachers. In 1870 E. S. Reily. Esq., had charge of a classical school here.


In 1868 a large brick building was erected by the Catholics at Irishtown,


131


HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY.


in Oxford Township, for church and school purposes, the clergy from Cono- wago attending to the religious instruction of the children. The school is now public and known as Union Independent. The large parochial school at Mount Rock, in Mountpleasant Township, was started about twenty years ago, with Miss J. M. O' Neill as the first teacher. It is now in charge of Sisters from McSherrystown. There is a flourishing institution at McSherrystown under the direction of the Sisters of Charity. established in 1834. In 1854 it was incorporated under the title of the MeSherrystown Novitiate and Academy of St. Joseph. The property is now very large and valuable. Among the be- nevolent objects of the institution are the education of the young, visiting the sick, caring for orphans and dispensing charity. The Catholic school at Littlestown was established by Rev. F. X. Deneckere. in 1867, Miss Mary Wilson being the first teacher. The same priest started a school in connection with the Catholic congregation at New Oxford, in 1862, the school now num- bering over 100 pupils. The school was originally held in the church, a Mrs. Trayer being the first teacher, but in 1877 a suitable school building was erected. The school at Bonneauville was started by Rev. Pope in 1873, two Sisters of Charity being the first teachers. A large and flourishing parochial school was established in Gettysburg by Rev. J. A. Boll, in 1877. The school building is a comfortable frame structure in rear of the pastoral residence, and cost, with its outfit, about $1,300. Mr. Boll himself, with the aid of suitable assistance, conducted the school for a period of two years and a half, when it passed into the hands of Mr. M. F. Power, the present teacher. Enrollment about 100.


THE FREE SCHOOL SYSTEM.


The free school system, established by act of Assembly in 1834, was at first unpopular in certain portions of the county. It was a subject of exciting in- terest to all classes of persons. Considerable feeling was manifested in oppo- sition to the common school law, the result of ignorance and prejudice. All sorts of foolish and extravagant notions were entertained in regard to its pro- visions. Many were honestly of the opinion that, by promoting general intel- ligence, it would encourage idleness and crime, that it would oppress tax-pay- ers, and that it would prove subversive of the rights and liberties of the peo- ple. But gradually, as people learned to understand the true object and pur- pose of the law, and as the advantages of general education became apparent to them, this feeling of opposition gave place to one of confidence and approval. At the first joint convention of county commissioners and school directors, held in Gettysburg November, 1834, it was found that of the seventeen school dis- tricts then in the county, the following had voted to accept the free schoel sys- tem: Berwick, Franklin, Gettysburg, Hamiltonban, Huntington, Menallen and Straban,-7; non-accepting: Conowago, Germany, Hamilton, Latimore, Lib- erty, Mountjoy, Mountpleasant, Reading and Tyrone-9. Cumberland was not represented. The convention resolved to recommend the levying of a school tax in each accepting district equal to double the amount of State ap- propriation to such district.


At the second convention of county commissioners and school delegates held in Gettysburg, May 4, 1835, it was found that fourteen districts were repre- sented. Of these, Berwick, Cumberland, Franklin. Gettysburg. Hamiltonban, Huntington. Menallen and Straban, 8, voted as accepting; and Hamilton, Lib- erty, Mountpleasant, Mountjoy, Reading and Tyrone, 6, voted as non-accept- ing. A local school tax of 2 mills was voted to be levied in each of the ač- cepting districts.


At the third and last joint convention of the county commissioners and


132


HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY.


school delegates, held in Gettysburg, May 2, 1836, it was ascertained that all the districts in the county had voted to accept the law, except Conowago, Hamilton, Latimore, Mountpleasant and Reading-5. Mountpleasant ac- cepted in 1838, Hamilton in 1839, Conowago in 1842, and Latimore and Read- ing wheeled into line a year or two later.


THE COUNTY SUPERINTENDENCY.


The office of county superintendent, created by the law of 1854, met with considerable opposition in some quarters. In the rural districts, especially, public feeling was against it. The free school system itself was bad, in the opinion of many; but the ingrafting of a feature upon it so utterly unneces- sary as the county superintendency was atrocious. Through blind prejudice alone the office. which has been not inaptly styled the right arm of the com- mon school system, was condemned without a trial. People were amazingly slow to understand and appreciate the need of intelligent supervision over the interests of common school education.


The first county superintendent was David Wills, elected June 5, 1854, at a salary of $300 per annum. He served a little more than two years and then resigned. His successor was Rev. Reuben Hill, who was appointed Septem- ber 1, 1856, for the unexpired term. W. L. Campbell was elected May 4, 1857, the salary being fixed at $400. He resigned at the end of fifteen months. J. Kerr McIlhenny became his successor by appointment September 1, 1858, but died of typhoid fever in August, 1859. He was succeeded by John C. Ellis, who was commissioned in October of the same year. Mr. El- lis was elected in May, 1860, at a salary of $500, and served the full term of three years. In May, 1863, Aaron Sheely was elected at the triennial con- vention, the salary remaining the same. At a special convention of school di- rectors held in November, 1864, the salary was increased to $800. He was re-elected in May, 1866, at the same salary. J. Howard West was elected in 1869, the salary being continued at the same figure. He resigned after serv- ing about two years and a half, and was followed by P. D. W. Hankey for the unexpired term. In 1872 Aaron Sheely, the present incumbent, was again elected at a salary of $800 and re-elected in 1875, the salary being fixed at $1,000. Re-elected in 1878, 1881 and 1884, the salary remaining the same.


EDUCATIONAL MEETINGS.


The Gettysburg papers of November 18, 1834, contained a call for a meet- ing of the "Teachers' Association of Adams County" to be held in Pennsylva- nia College on the 20th of the same month. The call was signed by Frederick Ashbaugh, as secretary. From the form of the call it would seem that at least one similar meeting was held prior to the one referred to, making it one of the earliest teachers' meetings held in the State. Unfortunately, however, the local press did not, as now, publish the proceedings of these meetings, and no minutes of them are known to exist.


The first teachers' educational meeting in the county, after the county superintendency went into operation, convened at the call of Superintendent Wills, November 11, 1854, remaining in session one day. One of the resolu- tions adopted at this meeting favored the holding of semi-annual meetings. Fifty teachers responded to their names. The second meeting of the associa- tion was held in Gettysburg, beginning February 1, 1855, and remained in session two days. The third meeting was held in Gettysburg, October 2, 3 and 4, of the same year. The fourth meeting convened in Christ Church, Gettysburg, February 7, 1856, and was well attended, the exercises being (Continued at page 135.)


TABULAR STATEMENT SHOWING THE CONDITION AND WORKING OF THE COMMON SCHOOL SYSTEM IN ADAMS COUNTY FROM 1854 TO 1885 INCLUSIVE.


SCHOOLS.


TEACHERS.


SCHOLARS.


RECEIPTS.


EXPENDITURES.


TAX RATE.


Year endiug June.


Whole number of distrlets.


Whele number of scheels.


No. of schools yet required.


Average number of months taught.


Number of male teachers.


Number of female teachers.


Average salaries of males.


Average salaries of females.


Number of male sehelars.


Number of female sebolars.


Number learning German.


Average number of sebelars


Cest of teaching each seholar


Total amount of school and


Amount received from State


Amount received frem eol-


Cost of instruction.


Fuel and eentingeneies.


Cost of seheelhouses; pur-


Number of mills en dollar


Number of mills on dollar


for building purposes.


Total amount expended fer school purposes.


1×54# 22


125


8


5.


113


39


$17 44


$10 07


3,678


2,989


43


$0 35


$13,380 64


$2,197 04


$12.577 61


$12,538 63


$1,380 86


$1,507 84


$15,427 33


1857


23


141


4.51


28


21 98


3,909


3,213


36


4.910


45


18.307 30


2,188 30


15.153 78


10,391 33


2.473 11


3,368 44


3.16


4.75


16.232 88


1858 23


H


12G


23


23 78


15 73


3,825


3,124


6


4.710


19,161 56


2,194 50


16,006 79


13,179 95


2.225 24


G.995 76


3.03


3.25


22.400 95


1859


23


4.7


115


32


23 08


18 81


3,116


4.497


50


19,725 07


2.194 50


6,127 48


14,505 66


2,091 97


4,303 01


2.95


1.6


20,900 64


1861


23


G


4 64


118


35


23 36


20 48


4,027


3.383


4.804


53


20,590 50


3,109 60


17,036 74


14,929 33


2,726 83


2.154 93


2.78


2.05


19.811 09


1863


1.48+


4.91


48


22 61


18 12


4,071


3,329


4 834


3.109 60


17.881 12


15,533 97


2.836 53


4,585 27


1.83


2.52


22,975 77


186-5


1524


5


93


62


2.1 54


23 08


3,977


3,243


24,792 52


3.026 22


24.387 31


17,49% 49


5,165 26


7,035 02


2.30


2.86


29,698 77


1867


25


354


4.75


26 24


8.033


3,211


4.479


81


30.018 33


3,340 6%


33,111 43


20,356 95


0,683 61


10,877 81


3.55


3.09


37.818 37


1869


25


159


4.70


5x


30 84


28 80


3,703


3,062


4.813


97


38.308 67


4.049 50


47.449 89


22,510 25


7,179 70


17,551 12


3 80


3.35


47,241 13


1871


159


5.26


65


32 82


29 51


3,882


3,435


85


38,611 04


3.887 52


45,319 16


25,050 21


8.518 30


11,705 GX


4.37


2.39


15.274 19


1872


27


161


4.8


91


70


32 10


29 41


3,705


3,141


1.673


94


36.624 81


3,858 52


37,473 10


47,291 15


7,467 82


16,140 80


4.22


2.84


70,899 77


1871


28


164


5.26


91


31 60


28 28


3,612


3,226


1 619


81


35.853 36


4,824 60


38,330 88


25,711 00


30.388 81


5,342 85


2.6


5.90


41,442 66


1876


161


5.26


93


73


31 97


27 44


3,899


3,366


4.907


36,008 09


8,143 15


42.427 85


26,385 00


12,009 95


9.208 52


2.32


3.6.1


47,603 47


1×78


29


16G


5.32


108


60


30 65


27 92


3,941


3,401


5.035


33,512 97


8.120 06


36.498 27


25,567 50


9.424 42


1,179 93


2 10


.88


39,171 85


1880


29


168


5.33


112


28 00


25 02


3.795


3.476


5.020


68


34,070 47


7,174 54


36,503 71


23,607 90


9.047 36


4.7×8 61


1.83


1.


37.443 87


1×82


3/


368


5.48


113


28 22


25 00


4,033


3,610


5.137


29,310 80


7.627 31


36,779 37


21,519 00


7,980 41


8,261 14


1 71


1.35


40,760 61


1884


31


172


5.46


111


61


29 05


26 95


3.858


3,418


5 003


75


31,171 22


7.680 68


39,753 89


25.824 54


11,474 29


6,065 58


2.02


1.90


43,367 41


1885


32


175


5.46


110


66


29 67


27 22


3,991


3,547


5.196


80


36,612 41 |


8,463 71


43.276 41


26,807 21


13.580 14 |


9,013 88


2.30


1.97 | 49,431 23


22


7


4 33


124


30


21 24


15 10


4,016


3.161


4 0×1


41


15,002 94


2.188 20


13,714 54


12,126 00


1,601 11


1,275 61


2.8


1.16


15.002 75


3500


23


4.7


122


31


22 93


18 77


3.150


1.487


51


22,199 13


2,286 03


16,529 92


15,053 32


2,752 87


3,064 16


2.9


3.


20,870 35


1×62


111


6


4.9


118


35


22 25


19 80


4.127


3.324


4.609


48


3,109 60


20,014 38


15.263 10


2.750 10


3,901 78


3.


2.5


21,914 98


1864


152


9


4.70


52


22 51


19 05


4,100


2


5.041


54


3.105 96


21.101 63


15.023 45


4,696 20


5,192 61


2.31


2.67


24,912 26


1×66


4


101


63


26 24


23 47


4,058


3,347


4.9.82


83


26,049 16


3.261 14


26,544 17


18,473 00


6,372 81


7,555 45


2.43


3.22


32,403 26


1868


157


4.79


62


29 74


28 30


3,717


3,035


4.628


89


40,471 46


3.102 06


46,732 56


21,654 61


7,129 70


8.33× 84


4.21


3.58


37.423 18


1870


3.59


4 95


73


32 24


30 00


8,667


3,198


4.725


89


39,561 20


3,887 52


47.449 67


21,269 84


6,899 65


17,301 98


4.50


3.05


48,461 37


1873


362


5.31


31 70


28 66


3,679


3,192


1 100


77


37,080 89


4,438 70


39,655 30


25.846 17


10,561 $6


5,825 48


4.50


3


12.233 11


1875


28


161


5.03


95


69


31 92


28 00


3,732


3.352


4 606


80


36,771 87


5,302 74


10.777 0G


26,312 05


10,120 78


4,621 82


2.45


3.79


11,054 65


1877


29


161


5.49


9x


70


31 30


27 43


3,950


3.405


5.001


33.616 95


8.086 68


38,517 53


26,316 85


9,252 67


1 6,555 80


2.7


1.17


42,125 32


1879


29


167


5.35


109


63


29 65


25 44


3,892


3.318


4.861


71


38,171 96


0,878 40


40,311 17


24.205 12


6,342 20


9,626 90


1 90


3.25


42.174 22


1881


30


16%


5.33


109


27 90


21 39


3,915


3,507


6G


35,092 40


8.892 08


36.050 82


23.501 00


9,395 99


5.208 32


1.85


1.12


37.315 97


18×3


30


169


5.40


110


60


29 27


25 13


3,005


3,467


5.076


7.2


31,126 30


7.679 52


34,670 55


25.043 00


9.131 35


8,377 88


1.92


2.13


12.852 23


1855


2.


7


4 50


125


31


20 93


13 32


4,564


3,593


6.342


65}


1×56


137


6


134


141


7


141


9


23


23


23


24


25


154


4.70


92 96


29 31


3,443


22,206 40


5.025


69


building tax levied.


per month.


appropriation.


lecter ef school tax.


chasing, building, rent-


ing, repairing, ete.


for school purposes.


*Report not complete.


(133)


26


89


27


101


75


27


4.57


106


103


14 43


3,909 4.010


52


attending school.


77


67


5.095


78


75


4 ×60


20,689 10 20,864 77


25


101


57


56


....


29


137


112


4.39


TABULAR STATEMENT SHOWING THE CONDITION AND WORKING OF THE COMMON SCHOOL SYSTEM IN ADAMS COUNTY FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR ENDING JUNE 1, 1885.


SCHIL'S


TEACHERS.


SCHOLARS.


TAX AND RATE PER CENT.


EXPENDITURES.


RESOURCES AND LIABILITIES.


Whole number.


| Number of males.


| Number of females.


Average salary of males


Average salary of fe-


Number of males.


Number of females.


Average uumher at-


Average per cent of at-


Cost per montb.


Number of mills levied


Number of mills levied


Total amount of tax


State appropriation.


From taxes aod all


other sources, except


Total receipts.


renting, etc.


Teachers' wages.


Fuel,contingencies, fees


of collectors, and all


Total expenditures.


Resources.


Liabilities.


1. Arendtsville ....


5


2 ...


1827 50


46


51


76


91 $0 72 4.50


4.50


$704 33


$76 89


$479 61


$556 50


$81 42


$275 00


$133 25


$489 67


$178 77 94 95


2. Berlin, East ....


G


1 1 40 00 $30 00


60


72 106


94


61


1.50


448 95!


117 45


616 61


731 06


67 62


420 00


151 49


3. Berwick.


2


6


1


1 35 00 30 00


45


53


85


4


4


877 55


113 26


859 18


972 44


390 00


486 77


876 77


$217 69


4. Berwick Twp ......


3


5


2


1


30 00, 30 00


68


79


67


...


82


76 2.25


1,314 56


345 60


1,415 82


1,761 42


107 69


1,120 00


496 76


1,724 45


139 19


2,586 55


490 56


6. Conowago ...


3


5


2


1


39 00


30 00


85


61


101


23


221


81


2


81


79


78


66


.75


456 51


258 58


624 19


882 77


540 00


182 35


722 35


882 87


3


1


26 67 28 00


104


90


131


278


82


4


3,535 36


803 20


3,050 64


3,853 84


209 51


2,502 00


2,718 50


2


7


47 00|


26 29


600 00


222 03


822 03


146 13


14. Hamiltonban ...


5


6


5


28 00 27 40


221


220


31


39


70


95


78


59


4


1


1,245 33


111 54


1,575 69


1,687 23


838 79


16. Highland.


3


5


3


...


5


4


6


30 00 30 00


235


218


290| 04


77


156


265


79


82


74 4.50


977 75


223 92


935 13


1,159 05


990 71


295 35


1,286 06


3


1


39 33


27 00


119


97


149


6


9


76


...


2


3,241 94


576 29


3,632 65


4,208 94


834 59


2,055 00


1,384 67


980 00


312 40


23. Mt. . Joy ...


5


4


3


26 10


24 00


22 00


80


70


1.50


891 94


252 65


1,352 91


1,605 56


111 17


830 00


329 18


1,270 30


335 26


302 98


28. Straban ..


9


G


5


4


26 00 24 50


5 26 67


25 00


144|


14%|


188


82


....


16


18 01


31. Union, Ind ..


1


b


2 ...


19 00


54


47


67


65


48


54


96


94


87


4


...


523 00


111 54


766 67


878 21


102 80


462 00


278 04


842 84


25 81|


32. York Springs ..... 2


G


2


...


38 50


174 140) 200


GG 1.25


.70


1,276 72


299 13


1,396 79


1,695 92


412 90


920 00|


253 41


1,585 41|


110 51


29. Tyrone.


8


5


3


6


...


26 29


220 00


117 90


595 90


80


2


341 57


99 71


514 20


613 91


258 00


180 90


205 92


398 56


31 40


25. Oxford ...


1


6


1


...


.....


35


31


30;


68


52


,50


219 27


129 00


309 96


429 90


12 64


686 00|


150 24


836 24


191 25


26. Oxford, New


3


7


1 2


40 00 29 00


55


51


84


90


160


133


215| 192


270


71


. 67 2


.50


2,970 96


410 67


2,436 61


2,847 28


38 68


1,368 00


1,313 68


1,025 00


260 52


1,305 96


115 78


80 2.50


1,179 78


239 13


1,182 61


1,421 74


110 44


1,435 09


401 48


1,886 48


217 38


1 13 1.50


1,373 28


476 58


1,627 28


2,103 86


60 00


442 22


2,444 11


375 51


2.50


...


2


2


2,382 23


313 00


2,767 13


3,980 13


1,198 15


1,000 00


480 97


4


25 001


25 00


182


104


88


123| 84


70 2.25


972 27


236 60


913 58


1,150 18


56 98


720 50


267 37


1,0:44 85


312 94


1|


4'


27 00:


26 00


4


7


150 00


55 14


205 14


42 62


1 80 1


203 25


54 00


193 76


247 76


1


30 90


.....


84


91 4


22. Menallen ..


5


8


6 ...


30 00| 28 50 287 253| 375


28 00 28 00| 172 188, 236 82


70| 1.50


1,054 48


296 60


1,384 32


1,680 92


44 71


1,337 12


343 80


24. Mt. Pleasant.


5


10 1


30 00


1,017 35


27. Reading .


7


5


6 1


2,720 26


625 11


15. Hampton.


1


5


1 ...


35 00


...


87


1.50 1.50


318 56


67 GO


1,255 57


1,323 17


1,065 59


175 00


55 69


375 00


246 96


1,460 75


254 73


17. Huntington.


19|


18, Latimore ..


8


5


4


19. Liberty ...


5


512


21. McSherrystown.


1


5


4,274 26


221 90


14


5


4 ....


30 00


193


68


121 87


82 1.25


602 61


190 97


777 19


968 16


2,302 27


2,850 68


868 16


1,525 00


358 79


2,751 95


386 84


80


77


2.50


1,886 50


16 74


191 00


207 74


26 70


8. Cumberland


8


6


2.


6, 26 00


26 00


25 00


299


271


377


66 2.25


1,921 69


547 56


2,015 48


2,563 04


426 46


1,640 90


478 16


2,544 62


81 58


9. Franklin.


13


5


10 3


450 09


117 14


618 98


213 42


674 50


124 22


708 18


832 40


51 84


3


G


3 ...


25 00


...


96


GS


96


85


1 06


2


144 35


1,634 17


358 28


1,961 86


2,320 14


150 00


1 248 00


466 18


1,864 18


483 15


7. Conowago, Ind ..


1


5


1


...


25 00


19


9


199


143


93 1


361 02


221 39


435 94


657 33


450 00


168 50


618 50


38 83


5 Butler ..


8


5


5


3


28 00


28 00


185


160| 290


73 1.50 1.50


1,137 68


246 33


2,463 66


2,709 99


1,418 05


450 00


718 50


125 00


30 72


182 42


25 32


11. Germany ..


4


5


5,430 0]


302 G9


12. Gettysburg ..


9


9


13. Hamilton ..


4


11


1,296 28


30


25 00


62


7G


tendiog school.


for school purposes.


for building purposes.


levied for school and


building purposes.


State appropriation.


Cost of school-houses,


purchasing, building,


other expenses.


DISTRICTS.


Average number m'nths taught


(134)


64


175 5.46 110 66 $29 67 827.22 3991 3547 5196.


80 $0 80 2.30


1.97


$36,612 41


$8,463 71 $43,276 41 $51,740 12 $9,043 88 $26,807 21 $13,580 14 $49,431 23


501 89


1,500 00


1,879 12


433 49


2, 84 95


2,718 44


2,679 12


705 94


101 36


20. Littlestown


13


7


1 0G 3


661 18


172 38


844 97


30. Union ...


7


per month.


males per month.


tendance.


639 11


89


79


56 2.50 .


83


227


193


2×3


75


26 00| 162| 132 220 80


225


$4,931 64 $3,082


25 30


10. Freedom ..


54× 41


RECEIPTS.


135


HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY.


interesting throughont. It does not appear that any meetings of the associa- tion were held during the next two years, but on the 10th and 11th of February, 1859, at the call of Superintendent Mellhenny, an interesting session of two days was held in the public school building in Gettysburg. From this time until 1867, when the present law establishing the County Institute and pro- viding for its maintenance went into operation, meetings were held as follows: New Oxford, December 8 to 10. 1859; New Oxford, January 14 to 17, 1862; York Springs, October 29 to 31, 1862; Fairfield, December 29 to 31, 1863; Bendersville, December 28 to 30, 1864; Gettysburg, October 25 to 27, 1865; and Littlestown November 21 to 23. 1866. In 1867, commencing November 25, a five days' session was held at New Oxford, in accordance with the pro- visions of the county institute law of April 9, of the same year. The atten- dance at this meeting was unprecedentedly large, about 125 teachers being present. Since that time the institute has met regularly, once a year, in Get- tysburg, with large attendance of teachers and others, and with most gratifying results.


The Pennsylvania State Teachers' Association held a three days' session in Gettysburg in August, 1866.


CONCLUSION.


The education of the county, which has been a matter of steady growth and progress, has here been sketched with as much completeness as was pos- sible within the limited space allowed. As a fitting conclusion a comparative tabular statement is appended showing the condition and working of the com- mon school system in the county since 1854, and also one showing the oper- ations for the year ending June 1, 1SS5.


CHAPTER XXI.


DEBATING SOCIETIES-THE GETTYSBURG SENTIMENTAL SOCIETY-POLUOLASSIC SOCIETY-THE GETTYSBURG DEBATING AND SENTIMENTAL SOCIETY.


TN studying a people who have passed away there is nothing that so readily gives ns an insight into their intellectual life-and, after all, this is the only part of the history of the human race that is both interesting and instruct- ive-as the papers they wrote and the discussions they had. It is here we reach the regions of mind growth: how and what they concerned themselves about as thinking and reflecting beings.


The questions discussed in the ancient style of debating societies tell much of the people. These societies, in their original style, have mostly passed away. Then the whole male population of the village, attended with interest all their meetings. A question for the next week would be proposed, and two leaders named, and they would choose every one in the room, alternately, and even the boys would taper off the end of the many debaters. A president chosen, and, after listening to all the speeches, decide the question. They were valuable schools for old and young. Here wero often fostered and devel- oped the orators who were destined "to hold Senates spell-bound."




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