USA > Pennsylvania > Adams County > History of Cumberland and Adams counties, Pennsylvania. Containing history of the counties, their townships, towns, villages, schools, churches, industries, etc.; portraits of early settlers and prominent men; biographies; history of Pennsylvania, statistical and miscellaneous matter, etc., etc > Part 125
USA > Pennsylvania > Cumberland County > History of Cumberland and Adams counties, Pennsylvania. Containing history of the counties, their townships, towns, villages, schools, churches, industries, etc.; portraits of early settlers and prominent men; biographies; history of Pennsylvania, statistical and miscellaneous matter, etc., etc > Part 125
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The students of the Gettysburg Gymnasium assembled in the old acad- emy, on High Street, February 4, 1831, to tako measures for the formation of literary societies. After several addresses the roll of students was divided as evenly as possible into two sections, the first section, numbering eighteen, becoming the founders of the Phrenakosmian, and the second section, muster- ing seventeen, becoming the progenitors of the Philomathean. These divisions at once retired to separate apartments for organization, Prof. J. H. Marsden presiding for the former, and Prof. M. Jacobs wielding the gavel for the lat- ter. The initiation fee of each was fixed at 50 cents. This was afterward
128
HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY.
raised to $2.50 and ultimately to $5. Fines ranged from 62 cents to 50 cents. The regular meetings were held on Friday evenings until 1840, when the time was changed to Wednesday afternoons. The Phrenakosmian library seems to have been founded in 1831 by the purchase of "Harper's Library" as a nu- cleus, while on January 27, 1832, is recorded the first purchase of a work for the Philomathean library-"Buffon's Natural History." Enlargements of both library rooms were made from time to time as books accumulated. Both have raised and invested considerable funds, the income from which is annually expended in the purchase of books. Each library numbers about 6.500 vol- umes, A reading room under the management of each society, well supplied with suitable periodicals, has been established for the use of its members.
NEW OXFORD COLLEGE AND MEDICAL INSTITUTE.
About the year 1840 an institution of learning was established at New Oxford under the above title. Its founder was M. D. G. Pfeiffer, M. D., a German scholar and thinker, a learned and skillful physician, an ardent friend of popular and liberal education, and a man of enlarged and advanced views. One of the primary objects in the establishment of this institution of learning was to afford its founder an opportunity of illustrating and inculcating his peculiar theories in regard to human development-moral, mental and phys- ical. Although the college had for several years a considerable number of stu- dents, it never received public support and patronage commensurate with the efforts put forth in its behalf, and the enterprise has long since been abandoned as a failure. The college building, much neglected and weather-worn, and painfully suggestive of unrealized expectations, is still standing just at the edge of town on the York pike.
HUNTERSTOWN ENGLISH AND CLASSICAL ACADEMY.
A school of great usefulness in the central part of the county, as well as of much local popularity, was the "Hunterstown English and Classical Acad- emy." It was established in 1851 by Rev. I. N. Hays, who was at that time serving the Presbyterian congregation at Hunterstown as their pastor. Mr. Hays, clearly perceiving the urgent need of better educational advantages than those afforded by the public schools of the neighborhood. set to work with great energy and zeal to raise the funds necessary for the erection of a suitable building. In a comparatively short time the required amount was secured, and in due time a fine two-story brick building, with one room on each floor, was put np. The rooms were plainly but comfortably furnished. The first session of the school was opened November 3, 1852. with John H. Clarke as principal. Although the school, as an academy, has been discontinued for some years, its good influence is still felt throughont the county.
CATHOLIC SCHOOLS.
Nearly all the populous Catholic communities in the county have estab- lished separate schools for Catholic children. In these. besides the common branches of study, some attention is usually given to religious instruction. The first of these schools, of which we have any knowledge, was organized and taught at Conowago Chapel about the year 1800 by Rev. F. X. Brosius, who came to this country some eight years before. For many years subsequently a school was kept here, sometimes conducted by the clergy and sometimes by Jay teachers. In 1870 E. S. Reily. Esq., had charge of a classical school here.
In 1868 a large brick building was erected by the Catholics at Irishtown,
131
HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY.
in Oxford Township, for church and school purposes, the clergy from Cono- wago attending to the religious instruction of the children. The school is now public and known as Union Independent. The large parochial school at Mount Rock, in Mountpleasant Township, was started about twenty years ago, with Miss J. M. O' Neill as the first teacher. It is now in charge of Sisters from McSherrystown. There is a flourishing institution at McSherrystown under the direction of the Sisters of Charity. established in 1834. In 1854 it was incorporated under the title of the MeSherrystown Novitiate and Academy of St. Joseph. The property is now very large and valuable. Among the be- nevolent objects of the institution are the education of the young, visiting the sick, caring for orphans and dispensing charity. The Catholic school at Littlestown was established by Rev. F. X. Deneckere. in 1867, Miss Mary Wilson being the first teacher. The same priest started a school in connection with the Catholic congregation at New Oxford, in 1862, the school now num- bering over 100 pupils. The school was originally held in the church, a Mrs. Trayer being the first teacher, but in 1877 a suitable school building was erected. The school at Bonneauville was started by Rev. Pope in 1873, two Sisters of Charity being the first teachers. A large and flourishing parochial school was established in Gettysburg by Rev. J. A. Boll, in 1877. The school building is a comfortable frame structure in rear of the pastoral residence, and cost, with its outfit, about $1,300. Mr. Boll himself, with the aid of suitable assistance, conducted the school for a period of two years and a half, when it passed into the hands of Mr. M. F. Power, the present teacher. Enrollment about 100.
THE FREE SCHOOL SYSTEM.
The free school system, established by act of Assembly in 1834, was at first unpopular in certain portions of the county. It was a subject of exciting in- terest to all classes of persons. Considerable feeling was manifested in oppo- sition to the common school law, the result of ignorance and prejudice. All sorts of foolish and extravagant notions were entertained in regard to its pro- visions. Many were honestly of the opinion that, by promoting general intel- ligence, it would encourage idleness and crime, that it would oppress tax-pay- ers, and that it would prove subversive of the rights and liberties of the peo- ple. But gradually, as people learned to understand the true object and pur- pose of the law, and as the advantages of general education became apparent to them, this feeling of opposition gave place to one of confidence and approval. At the first joint convention of county commissioners and school directors, held in Gettysburg November, 1834, it was found that of the seventeen school dis- tricts then in the county, the following had voted to accept the free schoel sys- tem: Berwick, Franklin, Gettysburg, Hamiltonban, Huntington, Menallen and Straban,-7; non-accepting: Conowago, Germany, Hamilton, Latimore, Lib- erty, Mountjoy, Mountpleasant, Reading and Tyrone-9. Cumberland was not represented. The convention resolved to recommend the levying of a school tax in each accepting district equal to double the amount of State ap- propriation to such district.
At the second convention of county commissioners and school delegates held in Gettysburg, May 4, 1835, it was found that fourteen districts were repre- sented. Of these, Berwick, Cumberland, Franklin. Gettysburg. Hamiltonban, Huntington. Menallen and Straban, 8, voted as accepting; and Hamilton, Lib- erty, Mountpleasant, Mountjoy, Reading and Tyrone, 6, voted as non-accept- ing. A local school tax of 2 mills was voted to be levied in each of the ač- cepting districts.
At the third and last joint convention of the county commissioners and
132
HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY.
school delegates, held in Gettysburg, May 2, 1836, it was ascertained that all the districts in the county had voted to accept the law, except Conowago, Hamilton, Latimore, Mountpleasant and Reading-5. Mountpleasant ac- cepted in 1838, Hamilton in 1839, Conowago in 1842, and Latimore and Read- ing wheeled into line a year or two later.
THE COUNTY SUPERINTENDENCY.
The office of county superintendent, created by the law of 1854, met with considerable opposition in some quarters. In the rural districts, especially, public feeling was against it. The free school system itself was bad, in the opinion of many; but the ingrafting of a feature upon it so utterly unneces- sary as the county superintendency was atrocious. Through blind prejudice alone the office. which has been not inaptly styled the right arm of the com- mon school system, was condemned without a trial. People were amazingly slow to understand and appreciate the need of intelligent supervision over the interests of common school education.
The first county superintendent was David Wills, elected June 5, 1854, at a salary of $300 per annum. He served a little more than two years and then resigned. His successor was Rev. Reuben Hill, who was appointed Septem- ber 1, 1856, for the unexpired term. W. L. Campbell was elected May 4, 1857, the salary being fixed at $400. He resigned at the end of fifteen months. J. Kerr McIlhenny became his successor by appointment September 1, 1858, but died of typhoid fever in August, 1859. He was succeeded by John C. Ellis, who was commissioned in October of the same year. Mr. El- lis was elected in May, 1860, at a salary of $500, and served the full term of three years. In May, 1863, Aaron Sheely was elected at the triennial con- vention, the salary remaining the same. At a special convention of school di- rectors held in November, 1864, the salary was increased to $800. He was re-elected in May, 1866, at the same salary. J. Howard West was elected in 1869, the salary being continued at the same figure. He resigned after serv- ing about two years and a half, and was followed by P. D. W. Hankey for the unexpired term. In 1872 Aaron Sheely, the present incumbent, was again elected at a salary of $800 and re-elected in 1875, the salary being fixed at $1,000. Re-elected in 1878, 1881 and 1884, the salary remaining the same.
EDUCATIONAL MEETINGS.
The Gettysburg papers of November 18, 1834, contained a call for a meet- ing of the "Teachers' Association of Adams County" to be held in Pennsylva- nia College on the 20th of the same month. The call was signed by Frederick Ashbaugh, as secretary. From the form of the call it would seem that at least one similar meeting was held prior to the one referred to, making it one of the earliest teachers' meetings held in the State. Unfortunately, however, the local press did not, as now, publish the proceedings of these meetings, and no minutes of them are known to exist.
The first teachers' educational meeting in the county, after the county superintendency went into operation, convened at the call of Superintendent Wills, November 11, 1854, remaining in session one day. One of the resolu- tions adopted at this meeting favored the holding of semi-annual meetings. Fifty teachers responded to their names. The second meeting of the associa- tion was held in Gettysburg, beginning February 1, 1855, and remained in session two days. The third meeting was held in Gettysburg, October 2, 3 and 4, of the same year. The fourth meeting convened in Christ Church, Gettysburg, February 7, 1856, and was well attended, the exercises being (Continued at page 135.)
TABULAR STATEMENT SHOWING THE CONDITION AND WORKING OF THE COMMON SCHOOL SYSTEM IN ADAMS COUNTY FROM 1854 TO 1885 INCLUSIVE.
SCHOOLS.
TEACHERS.
SCHOLARS.
RECEIPTS.
EXPENDITURES.
TAX RATE.
Year endiug June.
Whole number of distrlets.
Whele number of scheels.
No. of schools yet required.
Average number of months taught.
Number of male teachers.
Number of female teachers.
Average salaries of males.
Average salaries of females.
Number of male sehelars.
Number of female sebolars.
Number learning German.
Average number of sebelars
Cest of teaching each seholar
Total amount of school and
Amount received from State
Amount received frem eol-
Cost of instruction.
Fuel and eentingeneies.
Cost of seheelhouses; pur-
Number of mills en dollar
Number of mills on dollar
for building purposes.
Total amount expended fer school purposes.
1×54# 22
125
8
5.
113
39
$17 44
$10 07
3,678
2,989
43
$0 35
$13,380 64
$2,197 04
$12.577 61
$12,538 63
$1,380 86
$1,507 84
$15,427 33
1857
23
141
4.51
28
21 98
3,909
3,213
36
4.910
45
18.307 30
2,188 30
15.153 78
10,391 33
2.473 11
3,368 44
3.16
4.75
16.232 88
1858 23
H
12G
23
23 78
15 73
3,825
3,124
6
4.710
19,161 56
2,194 50
16,006 79
13,179 95
2.225 24
G.995 76
3.03
3.25
22.400 95
1859
23
4.7
115
32
23 08
18 81
3,116
4.497
50
19,725 07
2.194 50
6,127 48
14,505 66
2,091 97
4,303 01
2.95
1.6
20,900 64
1861
23
G
4 64
118
35
23 36
20 48
4,027
3.383
4.804
53
20,590 50
3,109 60
17,036 74
14,929 33
2,726 83
2.154 93
2.78
2.05
19.811 09
1863
1.48+
4.91
48
22 61
18 12
4,071
3,329
4 834
3.109 60
17.881 12
15,533 97
2.836 53
4,585 27
1.83
2.52
22,975 77
186-5
1524
5
93
62
2.1 54
23 08
3,977
3,243
24,792 52
3.026 22
24.387 31
17,49% 49
5,165 26
7,035 02
2.30
2.86
29,698 77
1867
25
354
4.75
26 24
8.033
3,211
4.479
81
30.018 33
3,340 6%
33,111 43
20,356 95
0,683 61
10,877 81
3.55
3.09
37.818 37
1869
25
159
4.70
5x
30 84
28 80
3,703
3,062
4.813
97
38.308 67
4.049 50
47.449 89
22,510 25
7,179 70
17,551 12
3 80
3.35
47,241 13
1871
159
5.26
65
32 82
29 51
3,882
3,435
85
38,611 04
3.887 52
45,319 16
25,050 21
8.518 30
11,705 GX
4.37
2.39
15.274 19
1872
27
161
4.8
91
70
32 10
29 41
3,705
3,141
1.673
94
36.624 81
3,858 52
37,473 10
47,291 15
7,467 82
16,140 80
4.22
2.84
70,899 77
1871
28
164
5.26
91
31 60
28 28
3,612
3,226
1 619
81
35.853 36
4,824 60
38,330 88
25,711 00
30.388 81
5,342 85
2.6
5.90
41,442 66
1876
161
5.26
93
73
31 97
27 44
3,899
3,366
4.907
36,008 09
8,143 15
42.427 85
26,385 00
12,009 95
9.208 52
2.32
3.6.1
47,603 47
1×78
29
16G
5.32
108
60
30 65
27 92
3,941
3,401
5.035
33,512 97
8.120 06
36.498 27
25,567 50
9.424 42
1,179 93
2 10
.88
39,171 85
1880
29
168
5.33
112
28 00
25 02
3.795
3.476
5.020
68
34,070 47
7,174 54
36,503 71
23,607 90
9.047 36
4.7×8 61
1.83
1.
37.443 87
1×82
3/
368
5.48
113
28 22
25 00
4,033
3,610
5.137
29,310 80
7.627 31
36,779 37
21,519 00
7,980 41
8,261 14
1 71
1.35
40,760 61
1884
31
172
5.46
111
61
29 05
26 95
3.858
3,418
5 003
75
31,171 22
7.680 68
39,753 89
25.824 54
11,474 29
6,065 58
2.02
1.90
43,367 41
1885
32
175
5.46
110
66
29 67
27 22
3,991
3,547
5.196
80
36,612 41 |
8,463 71
43.276 41
26,807 21
13.580 14 |
9,013 88
2.30
1.97 | 49,431 23
22
7
4 33
124
30
21 24
15 10
4,016
3.161
4 0×1
41
15,002 94
2.188 20
13,714 54
12,126 00
1,601 11
1,275 61
2.8
1.16
15.002 75
3500
23
4.7
122
31
22 93
18 77
3.150
1.487
51
22,199 13
2,286 03
16,529 92
15,053 32
2,752 87
3,064 16
2.9
3.
20,870 35
1×62
111
6
4.9
118
35
22 25
19 80
4.127
3.324
4.609
48
3,109 60
20,014 38
15.263 10
2.750 10
3,901 78
3.
2.5
21,914 98
1864
152
9
4.70
52
22 51
19 05
4,100
2
5.041
54
3.105 96
21.101 63
15.023 45
4,696 20
5,192 61
2.31
2.67
24,912 26
1×66
4
101
63
26 24
23 47
4,058
3,347
4.9.82
83
26,049 16
3.261 14
26,544 17
18,473 00
6,372 81
7,555 45
2.43
3.22
32,403 26
1868
157
4.79
62
29 74
28 30
3,717
3,035
4.628
89
40,471 46
3.102 06
46,732 56
21,654 61
7,129 70
8.33× 84
4.21
3.58
37.423 18
1870
3.59
4 95
73
32 24
30 00
8,667
3,198
4.725
89
39,561 20
3,887 52
47.449 67
21,269 84
6,899 65
17,301 98
4.50
3.05
48,461 37
1873
362
5.31
31 70
28 66
3,679
3,192
1 100
77
37,080 89
4,438 70
39,655 30
25.846 17
10,561 $6
5,825 48
4.50
3
12.233 11
1875
28
161
5.03
95
69
31 92
28 00
3,732
3.352
4 606
80
36,771 87
5,302 74
10.777 0G
26,312 05
10,120 78
4,621 82
2.45
3.79
11,054 65
1877
29
161
5.49
9x
70
31 30
27 43
3,950
3.405
5.001
33.616 95
8.086 68
38,517 53
26,316 85
9,252 67
1 6,555 80
2.7
1.17
42,125 32
1879
29
167
5.35
109
63
29 65
25 44
3,892
3.318
4.861
71
38,171 96
0,878 40
40,311 17
24.205 12
6,342 20
9,626 90
1 90
3.25
42.174 22
1881
30
16%
5.33
109
27 90
21 39
3,915
3,507
6G
35,092 40
8.892 08
36.050 82
23.501 00
9,395 99
5.208 32
1.85
1.12
37.315 97
18×3
30
169
5.40
110
60
29 27
25 13
3,005
3,467
5.076
7.2
31,126 30
7.679 52
34,670 55
25.043 00
9.131 35
8,377 88
1.92
2.13
12.852 23
1855
2.
7
4 50
125
31
20 93
13 32
4,564
3,593
6.342
65}
1×56
137
6
134
141
7
141
9
23
23
23
24
25
154
4.70
92 96
29 31
3,443
22,206 40
5.025
69
building tax levied.
per month.
appropriation.
lecter ef school tax.
chasing, building, rent-
ing, repairing, ete.
for school purposes.
*Report not complete.
(133)
26
89
27
101
75
27
4.57
106
103
14 43
3,909 4.010
52
attending school.
77
67
5.095
78
75
4 ×60
20,689 10 20,864 77
25
101
57
56
....
29
137
112
4.39
TABULAR STATEMENT SHOWING THE CONDITION AND WORKING OF THE COMMON SCHOOL SYSTEM IN ADAMS COUNTY FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR ENDING JUNE 1, 1885.
SCHIL'S
TEACHERS.
SCHOLARS.
TAX AND RATE PER CENT.
EXPENDITURES.
RESOURCES AND LIABILITIES.
Whole number.
| Number of males.
| Number of females.
Average salary of males
Average salary of fe-
Number of males.
Number of females.
Average uumher at-
Average per cent of at-
Cost per montb.
Number of mills levied
Number of mills levied
Total amount of tax
State appropriation.
From taxes aod all
other sources, except
Total receipts.
renting, etc.
Teachers' wages.
Fuel,contingencies, fees
of collectors, and all
Total expenditures.
Resources.
Liabilities.
1. Arendtsville ....
5
2 ...
1827 50
46
51
76
91 $0 72 4.50
4.50
$704 33
$76 89
$479 61
$556 50
$81 42
$275 00
$133 25
$489 67
$178 77 94 95
2. Berlin, East ....
G
1 1 40 00 $30 00
60
72 106
94
61
1.50
448 95!
117 45
616 61
731 06
67 62
420 00
151 49
3. Berwick.
2
6
1
1 35 00 30 00
45
53
85
4
4
877 55
113 26
859 18
972 44
390 00
486 77
876 77
$217 69
4. Berwick Twp ......
3
5
2
1
30 00, 30 00
68
79
67
...
82
76 2.25
1,314 56
345 60
1,415 82
1,761 42
107 69
1,120 00
496 76
1,724 45
139 19
2,586 55
490 56
6. Conowago ...
3
5
2
1
39 00
30 00
85
61
101
23
221
81
2
81
79
78
66
.75
456 51
258 58
624 19
882 77
540 00
182 35
722 35
882 87
3
1
26 67 28 00
104
90
131
278
82
4
3,535 36
803 20
3,050 64
3,853 84
209 51
2,502 00
2,718 50
2
7
47 00|
26 29
600 00
222 03
822 03
146 13
14. Hamiltonban ...
5
6
5
28 00 27 40
221
220
31
39
70
95
78
59
4
1
1,245 33
111 54
1,575 69
1,687 23
838 79
16. Highland.
3
5
3
...
5
4
6
30 00 30 00
235
218
290| 04
77
156
265
79
82
74 4.50
977 75
223 92
935 13
1,159 05
990 71
295 35
1,286 06
3
1
39 33
27 00
119
97
149
6
9
76
...
2
3,241 94
576 29
3,632 65
4,208 94
834 59
2,055 00
1,384 67
980 00
312 40
23. Mt. . Joy ...
5
4
3
26 10
24 00
22 00
80
70
1.50
891 94
252 65
1,352 91
1,605 56
111 17
830 00
329 18
1,270 30
335 26
302 98
28. Straban ..
9
G
5
4
26 00 24 50
5 26 67
25 00
144|
14%|
188
82
....
16
18 01
31. Union, Ind ..
1
b
2 ...
19 00
54
47
67
65
48
54
96
94
87
4
...
523 00
111 54
766 67
878 21
102 80
462 00
278 04
842 84
25 81|
32. York Springs ..... 2
G
2
...
38 50
174 140) 200
GG 1.25
.70
1,276 72
299 13
1,396 79
1,695 92
412 90
920 00|
253 41
1,585 41|
110 51
29. Tyrone.
8
5
3
6
...
26 29
220 00
117 90
595 90
80
2
341 57
99 71
514 20
613 91
258 00
180 90
205 92
398 56
31 40
25. Oxford ...
1
6
1
...
.....
35
31
30;
68
52
,50
219 27
129 00
309 96
429 90
12 64
686 00|
150 24
836 24
191 25
26. Oxford, New
3
7
1 2
40 00 29 00
55
51
84
90
160
133
215| 192
270
71
. 67 2
.50
2,970 96
410 67
2,436 61
2,847 28
38 68
1,368 00
1,313 68
1,025 00
260 52
1,305 96
115 78
80 2.50
1,179 78
239 13
1,182 61
1,421 74
110 44
1,435 09
401 48
1,886 48
217 38
1 13 1.50
1,373 28
476 58
1,627 28
2,103 86
60 00
442 22
2,444 11
375 51
2.50
...
2
2
2,382 23
313 00
2,767 13
3,980 13
1,198 15
1,000 00
480 97
4
25 001
25 00
182
104
88
123| 84
70 2.25
972 27
236 60
913 58
1,150 18
56 98
720 50
267 37
1,0:44 85
312 94
1|
4'
27 00:
26 00
4
7
150 00
55 14
205 14
42 62
1 80 1
203 25
54 00
193 76
247 76
1
30 90
.....
84
91 4
22. Menallen ..
5
8
6 ...
30 00| 28 50 287 253| 375
28 00 28 00| 172 188, 236 82
70| 1.50
1,054 48
296 60
1,384 32
1,680 92
44 71
1,337 12
343 80
24. Mt. Pleasant.
5
10 1
30 00
1,017 35
27. Reading .
7
5
6 1
2,720 26
625 11
15. Hampton.
1
5
1 ...
35 00
...
87
1.50 1.50
318 56
67 GO
1,255 57
1,323 17
1,065 59
175 00
55 69
375 00
246 96
1,460 75
254 73
17. Huntington.
19|
18, Latimore ..
8
5
4
19. Liberty ...
5
512
21. McSherrystown.
1
5
4,274 26
221 90
14
5
4 ....
30 00
193
68
121 87
82 1.25
602 61
190 97
777 19
968 16
2,302 27
2,850 68
868 16
1,525 00
358 79
2,751 95
386 84
80
77
2.50
1,886 50
16 74
191 00
207 74
26 70
8. Cumberland
8
6
2.
6, 26 00
26 00
25 00
299
271
377
66 2.25
1,921 69
547 56
2,015 48
2,563 04
426 46
1,640 90
478 16
2,544 62
81 58
9. Franklin.
13
5
10 3
450 09
117 14
618 98
213 42
674 50
124 22
708 18
832 40
51 84
3
G
3 ...
25 00
...
96
GS
96
85
1 06
2
144 35
1,634 17
358 28
1,961 86
2,320 14
150 00
1 248 00
466 18
1,864 18
483 15
7. Conowago, Ind ..
1
5
1
...
25 00
19
9
199
143
93 1
361 02
221 39
435 94
657 33
450 00
168 50
618 50
38 83
5 Butler ..
8
5
5
3
28 00
28 00
185
160| 290
73 1.50 1.50
1,137 68
246 33
2,463 66
2,709 99
1,418 05
450 00
718 50
125 00
30 72
182 42
25 32
11. Germany ..
4
5
5,430 0]
302 G9
12. Gettysburg ..
9
9
13. Hamilton ..
4
11
1,296 28
30
25 00
62
7G
tendiog school.
for school purposes.
for building purposes.
levied for school and
building purposes.
State appropriation.
Cost of school-houses,
purchasing, building,
other expenses.
DISTRICTS.
Average number m'nths taught
(134)
64
175 5.46 110 66 $29 67 827.22 3991 3547 5196.
80 $0 80 2.30
1.97
$36,612 41
$8,463 71 $43,276 41 $51,740 12 $9,043 88 $26,807 21 $13,580 14 $49,431 23
501 89
1,500 00
1,879 12
433 49
2, 84 95
2,718 44
2,679 12
705 94
101 36
20. Littlestown
13
7
1 0G 3
661 18
172 38
844 97
30. Union ...
7
per month.
males per month.
tendance.
639 11
89
79
56 2.50 .
83
227
193
2×3
75
26 00| 162| 132 220 80
225
$4,931 64 $3,082
25 30
10. Freedom ..
54× 41
RECEIPTS.
135
HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY.
interesting throughont. It does not appear that any meetings of the associa- tion were held during the next two years, but on the 10th and 11th of February, 1859, at the call of Superintendent Mellhenny, an interesting session of two days was held in the public school building in Gettysburg. From this time until 1867, when the present law establishing the County Institute and pro- viding for its maintenance went into operation, meetings were held as follows: New Oxford, December 8 to 10. 1859; New Oxford, January 14 to 17, 1862; York Springs, October 29 to 31, 1862; Fairfield, December 29 to 31, 1863; Bendersville, December 28 to 30, 1864; Gettysburg, October 25 to 27, 1865; and Littlestown November 21 to 23. 1866. In 1867, commencing November 25, a five days' session was held at New Oxford, in accordance with the pro- visions of the county institute law of April 9, of the same year. The atten- dance at this meeting was unprecedentedly large, about 125 teachers being present. Since that time the institute has met regularly, once a year, in Get- tysburg, with large attendance of teachers and others, and with most gratifying results.
The Pennsylvania State Teachers' Association held a three days' session in Gettysburg in August, 1866.
CONCLUSION.
The education of the county, which has been a matter of steady growth and progress, has here been sketched with as much completeness as was pos- sible within the limited space allowed. As a fitting conclusion a comparative tabular statement is appended showing the condition and working of the com- mon school system in the county since 1854, and also one showing the oper- ations for the year ending June 1, 1SS5.
CHAPTER XXI.
DEBATING SOCIETIES-THE GETTYSBURG SENTIMENTAL SOCIETY-POLUOLASSIC SOCIETY-THE GETTYSBURG DEBATING AND SENTIMENTAL SOCIETY.
TN studying a people who have passed away there is nothing that so readily gives ns an insight into their intellectual life-and, after all, this is the only part of the history of the human race that is both interesting and instruct- ive-as the papers they wrote and the discussions they had. It is here we reach the regions of mind growth: how and what they concerned themselves about as thinking and reflecting beings.
The questions discussed in the ancient style of debating societies tell much of the people. These societies, in their original style, have mostly passed away. Then the whole male population of the village, attended with interest all their meetings. A question for the next week would be proposed, and two leaders named, and they would choose every one in the room, alternately, and even the boys would taper off the end of the many debaters. A president chosen, and, after listening to all the speeches, decide the question. They were valuable schools for old and young. Here wero often fostered and devel- oped the orators who were destined "to hold Senates spell-bound."
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