USA > Pennsylvania > Dauphin County > History of the counties of Dauphin and Lebanon : in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania ; biographical and genealogical > Part 4
USA > Pennsylvania > Lebanon County > History of the counties of Dauphin and Lebanon : in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania ; biographical and genealogical > Part 4
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" IV. That, where auy number of purchasers, more or less, whose number of acres amounts to fire or ten thousand acres, desire to sit to- gether in a lot of township, they shall have their lot, or township, cast together, in such places as have convenient harbours, or navigable rivers attending it, if such can be found; and in cise any one or more pur- chasers plant not according to agreement, in this concession, to the prejudice of others of the enthe town ship, upon comoplan: thereof tuade to the Governor, or bis Deputy, with assistance, they may award (if they see cause) that the complaining purchaser may, paying the survey money, and purchase money, and interest thereof, be entitled, enrolled- and lawfully invested, in the lands so not aratedi.
" V. That the proportion of lands that shall be lanl out in the first great town or city, for every pur chaser, shall be after the proportion of ten acres for every five hundred aores purchased, if the place will adow .t.
" VI. That notwithstanding there le no mention ma le in the several derde made to the purchasers; yet the said William Penn does accord and declare that all rivers, rivulets, woods and underwoods, waters, watercourses, quarriea, mines, and minerals except mi.ne- royul) shall be freely and fully enjoyed, and wholly by the purchaseis into whose lot they fall.
"VII. That, for every fifty acres that shall be allotted to a servant at the end of his service, his quit-rent shall be tto skillings per annum, and the master or owner of the servant, when he ald taky of the other fifty acres, his quit-reut shall be jour shit 'iny by the year, or, if the mids ter of the servant chy reason in the indentures he is so offized to dor allut out to the servant fifty a re- in his own division, the and master shall have, on demand 1, allotted him, from the towerbar, the one hundred acres, at the shirt rest of six so itmay per a soul.
" VIII. And, for the en ouragement of such as are izenants and willing to reach out gold and silver mines In this pr wince, it is hereby agreed that they have liberty to boro ami az in ary tut's property fully paying the damage Jone ; and in case As slimvos sty sh ull be made,
that the discoverer have one-fifth, the owner of the soil (If not the dis- coverer) a tenth part, the Governor bro-fifths, and the rost to the public treasury, saving to the king the share reserved by patent.
" IX. In every hundred thousand arres, the Governor and Proprietary by lot, reserveth ten to himself, what shall be but in one place.
" X. That every man shall be bound to plant or man so much of his share of land as -hall he get out and surveved within three years after it is so set oat and surveyed, or rhe it shall be lawful for new comers to be settled thereupon, paying to them their survey money, and they go up higher for their shares.
"X1. There shall be no bnving and selling, be it with an Indian, or one among another, uf nuy goods tu he exported, but what shall be per- found in public market, when wach places shall be set apart of erected, where they shall pass the public stamp or maark. If bad ware and prized as good, or deceitful in proportion of weight, to forfeit the value. as if good and full weight nud proportion, to the puldie treasury of this province, whether it be the birchandize of the Indian or that of the planters.
"XII. And forasmuch as it is usual with the planters to overreach the poor natives of the country in trade, by goods not being goud of the kind or debased with mixtures, with which they are sensibly aggrieved, it is agreed whatever i- sold to the Indians, in consideration of their furs, shall be soll in the market-place, and there suffer the test whether goud ur bad; if good, to pass; if not good, not to be sold for good, that the batives may not be abused nor provoked.
" XIII. That no man shall, by any ways or means, in word or deed, affront or wrong any Irdian, but he shal! incur the same penntty of the law as if he had committed it against his fellow-planter, and if any In- dian shall abuse, in word or deed, any pluuter of this Province, that he shall not be his own judge npon the Indian, but he shall make his com- plait to the Governor of the Province, or his Lieutenant or Deputy. or sense inferior Magistrale near laim, who shall to the utmost of his power take care with the king of the said Indan, that all reasonable catinfine" tion be made to the sarl injured planter.
"XIV. That all differences between the printers and the nativey shall also he ended by tireire ineu, that is, by six planters and six natives ; that Bo we may live friendly together as mich as in us Heth, preventing all occasions of heart-burnings and mischief
" XV. That the Indians shall have liberty to do all things relating to improvement of their ground, ated providing sustenance for their fanst- lies that any of the planters sunil enjoy.
"XVI. That the laws as to slanders, drunkenbess, swearing, cureing, pride in apparel, trespigors, diettesses, replevins, weights and measures. shall be the same as in England hill altered by law in this province.
"XVII. That all shall mark their hogs, sheep, and other rattle, and what are not marked within three months after it is in their possession, be it young or uld, it shall be forfeited to the Governor, that so peuple may be compelled to avoid the occasions of much strife between plaut- er4.
" XVIII. That, in clearing the ground, care be taken to leave one nere of trees for every fire acres cleared, especially to preserve oak and nul- berries for silk and shipping.
" XIX. That all shiphlasters shall give it account of their countries, barnes, ships, owners, freights, and passengers, to an officer to be ap- pointed for that purpose, which shall be re_istered within two days after their arrival, and it they shall refuse so to do, that then nove presume to trade with them, upon forfeiture thereof; and that such in itets be looked upon as having an evil intention to the province.
" XX. That no person leave the province withont publication berg made thereof in the market-place three weeks before, and a cortine wie from some Justice of the l'eace, of his clearness with hus neighbors ated those he dealt with, so far as such an assurance can be attained and given ; and if any master of a ship shall, contrary herunter, receive and carry away any person that hath not given that public notice, the -ni-l master shall be halde to all debts owing by the sand per-on, so secretly transported from the | rovince.
" Lastly. That their are to be added to or corrected by and with the consent of the parties herennto subscribed."
The inducements offered by Penn to settlers were not confined to right of soil or voice in government, but religious toleration was guaranteed by him. The law of religious liberty, as framned by him and pa-sed by the first _Assembly at t'hester, 10th December, los2, is a- follow- :
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15
GENERAL HISTORY.
"CHAPTER 1. Almighty God being on y Lord of conscience, Father of Lights and Spirits, and the author as well as object of ull Divine Knowl- edge, faith and worship, who only can alighton the mind and persuade and convince the understandings of peqde, In doe reverence to His sovereignty over the souls of mankind ;
" Be it enacted, That no person, now or at any time hereafter, living in this Province, who shall confess an . acknowledge one Alnaughty God to be the Creator, opholder, and Ruler of the world, and who poolestes him or herself obliged in conscience to live praceably and quietly under the civil government, shall, in any case be molested or prejudiced for his or her conscientious persnasion or practice. Nor shall he or she, at any time, be compiled to frequent or maintain any religious worship, place or ministry whatever, contrary to his or her mind, but shall forly and fully enjoy his or her Christian liberty in that respect, without any Interruption or reflection, And if any person shall abuse or deride any other for his or her different persuasion and practice it matters of urlig- jou, such person shall be looked upon as a disturber of the peace, and be punished accordingly.
" But to the end that looseness, irreligion, and atheism may not cirep in under pretense of conscience in the Province; Be it further enacted, &c., That, according to the example of the primitive Christians, and for the ease of the creation, every first day of the week, called the Lord's Day, people shall abstain from their usual and common toil and labor, that whether masters, parents, children, or servants, they may the better dispose themselves to read the Scriptures of truth, at home, or frequent such meetings of religious worship abroad as may best suit their respec- tive persuasions."
1
And thus Pennsylvania became the refuge and home of people of all ereeds or religious beliefs. The foregoing was one of the first laws of the Prov- inee, and during the lifetime of the Founder the liberty of conscience was not questioned. At a later day, however, his religions adherents would have throttled toleration had they not feared revolution.
Elsewhere we give an account of the German emi- gration which preceded by several decades that to which we shall now refer, -the coming of the Scotch- Irish. And who were the Scotch-Irish? At the first used as a term of reproach, to us it has become a synonym of enterprise, intelligence, patriotism, and religious fervor, and it is proper that in this connec- tion we present a few points in the history of that persevering and undaunted race.
It was during the reign of good Queen Bess-the proud Elizabeth of all England-that through treason, tyranny, and rebellion, the Province of Ulster, es- pecially the counties of Downe, Londonderry, and Antrin, Ireland, was reduced to the lowest extreme of poverty and wretchednes-, while its moral and religious state was scarcely less deplorable.
Soon after the accession of James I., O'Neill, the Earl of Tyrone, and O'Donnell, the Earl of Tyrcon- nel, were falsely accused of having arranged a plot against the government. An accusation being at those times tantamount to a conviction. compelled those thus arraigned to fly the country, leaving their extensive estates (about five hundred thousand acres) at the mercy of the king, who at once confiscated them. A subsequent supposed threatened insurrec- tion, promptly suppressed, gave occasion for another large forfeiture, and nearly six entire counties in the Province of Ulster were sequestrated and subjected to the disposal of the crown. Any country passing through such an ordeal of turbulence could not be otherwise than almost depopulated, with resources
wasted and the cultivation of the soil in a great measure abandoned. And such was the true condi- tion of Ulster. To repeople the country it was de- termined to invite the settlement of Protestants from England and Scotland, and hence liberal offers of land were made for colonists to occupy this wide and va- cant country, the better to preserve order, to establish inure firmly the British rule, and to secure loyalty. The project was eagerly embraced, companies were formed, and individuals without organization were tempted to partake of the advantageous offers of the govern- ment. A London company-among the first to enter upon the new acquisition-established itself at Derry, and gave such character to the place as to cause it to be known and called the city of Londonderry.
The principal emigration, however, was from Scot- land. Its coast is within twenty miles of the county of Antrim, Ireland, and across this strait flowed from the northeast a large population, distinguished for thrift, industry, and endurance, and bringing with them their Presbyterianism and rigid adherence to the Westminster standards. This was the first l'rot- estant population that was introduced into Ireland, and the Presbyterians of Scotland who thus furnished the largest element have maintained their ascendency to the present day against all the persevering efforts of the government church.
The Province of Ulster, in consequence of this in- flux of population, greatly revived and continued for some years to advance in prosperity. In time the throne of England was controlled by bigotry and despotism. Persecutions of an oppressive nature began in Ulster in 1661, and every expedient was tried to break down the attachment of the people to the faith of their fathers; yet, as is ever the ease, persecution only attached the people the stronger to Presbyterianiam.
From Ireland the tide of perseention rolled to Seot- land. The latter Starts,-Charles II. and Jame- II., -blind to the dictates of justice and humanity, pur- sted a system of measures best calculated to wear from their support their Presbyterian subieets who were bound to them by national prejudice and had been most devoted to their kingly cause, and to whose assistance Charles II. owed his restoration to the throne. Sir James Grahame, better known as Claver- house, was sent to Scotland with his dragoons upon the mistaken mission of compelling the Presbyte- rians to conform in their religious worship to that of the establishment; and from 1670 until the accession of William and Mary the Covenanters of Scotland wor-hiped in hidden places and at the peril of their lives.
The attempt of the Stuarts to destroy the religious system so universally established and so dearly cher- Ished by that devoted people wa- steadily pair-ued by persecution as cruel and as savage as any which has disgraced the annals of religious bigotry and crime. Many were treacherously and ruthlessly butchered,
.
16
HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY.
and the ministers were prohibitedl, under severe pen- alties, from preaching, baptizing, or ministering in any way to their flocks.
There are some matters connected with these per- secutions which may not be uninteresting. From 1660 to 1688 no less than eighteen thousand Scotch Presbyterians were put to death in various ways in defense of the solemn league and covenant and Christ's headship over the Church. In looking over the list of names one is forcibly struck with the fact that among them are the very surnames of the Scotch- Irish emigrants to this section of Pennsylvania, -Al- lison, Stewart, Gray, Thompson, Murray, Robinson, Rutherford, McCormick, Mitchell. Kerr. Todd, Beatty, Johnston, Hamilton, Fintey, McCord, MeEwen, Hall, Boyd, Clark, Sloan, Eller, Forster, Montgomery, Robert-on, and others. It would thus seem that we have here the lineal descendants of those who loved not their lives unto the death, but were drowned, ! hanged, shut, beheaded, and their heads stuck upon poles, their bodies chopped in pieces and scattered about, in the day- of that human monster, Ciaver- house. Through their blood shed in defense of re- ligious liberty we enjoy many and great privileges.
Worn ont with the unequal contest, these persistent and enduring Presbyterians took refuge from perse- ention-abandoned the land of their birth-and sought an asylum among their countrymen who had preceded them in the secure retreats of Ulster, and thither they escaped as best they could, some crossing the narrow sea in open boats. They carried their household gods with them, and their religious pecu- liarities became more dear in their land of exile for the dangers and sorrows through which they had borne them.
This is the race which furnished the population in the north of Ireland. familiarly known as the Senteh- Irish. This term-American in its origin, and un- known in Ireland-does not denote an admixture of the Scotch and Irish races, The one did not inter- marry with the other. The Scotch were principally Saxon in blood and Presbyterian in religion; the native Irish Celtis in blood and Roman Catholic in religion; and these were elements which could not very readily coalesce. Hence the races are as distinct in Ireland at the present day as when the Scotch first took up their abode in that island. They were called Scotch-Irish simply from the circumstance that they were the descendants of Scots who had taken up their residence in the North of Ireland.
Taxation and oppression, however, with dificulties partly political, partly religious, no doub were the strong motives which one hundred and seventy years ago indueed the Scotch-Irish to leave Ireiand. It was not the home of their ancestors, it was endeand to them by no creditsons, and they sought and of- tained in the wilds of Pennsylvania a better home than they had in the Oll World.
The emigration began prior to 1715, although few in
number, and in illustration of the commencement of Scotch-Irish settlement in America, we give herewith the " memorial to Governor Shute, of Massachusetts, from residents in the north of Ireland." The memo- rial is important to ns, from the fact that the great majority of the signers subsequently found homes in Paxtang, Hanover, and Derry.
" To His Errelleney, the Right Honorable Collonel Samuel Shute, Governour of New England.
" We, whose names are underwritten, Inhabitants of ye North of Ire- Jamel, Dou in our own names, and in the names of many others our Neigh- brairs, Gentleman, Ministers. Farmers, anti Tradesmen, Commi-stonate and appoint our trusty and well-beloved Friend, the Reverend Mr. Wil- Ham Boyd, of Macasky, to His Excellency the Right Honorable Colonel Samuel Smitte, Guvernour of New England, and to assure His Excellency of our sincere and hearts Inclinationt . Transport ourselves Iv that very excellent and renowned Plantation, upon our obtaining from HEis Excel- lency suitable encouragement ; an I, further, to act and I've 's our names a. his Prudence shall direct. Given under our bands this 26th day of March, Anno Dom. ITIS.
"James Tratte, V.D.M. Robt Giveen.
- Thomas Cobham. V.D.M. James Luidlay.
Robert Houston, V. D.MI. 1++ nin. Galt.
Robert liginbotha.n, V.D.M. Daniel Tudl.
William Leech, V. I.MI.
Robert Parr.
Johu Porter, V.D. M.
Hen. N-ille, V D.MI.
Robert Kin ..
Tho, Elder, V D.M.
John B'nek.
James Thomson, V.D.M.
Peter Chr. ty.
William Korr.
James Smith.
Will. MeAlben.
Patrick South.
Talon Andrson.
Samuel Ceverell.
George Grave.
James Craig.
Andrew Dean. *
David Tarbel.
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Alexan ler Dunlop, MI.A.
John Rol.b.
Atch, MuCock, MI .. A.
Gawin Irwin.
Alexr. Blair.
Yeutter Fulton.
B. Cocitran.
Robert Wear.
Willina Gilt.
Alex. Donaldson. Robert Stives
Peter Thompson.
Richard Mclaughlin.
Robt. Henry.
Jotin JEnar.
James Petty.
William Jameson.
David Bigger.
William Agnew.
Jeremiah Thompson.
Jolin Mitchell.
Joseph Wight.
James Paterson.
Robt. W.Mson. James Bill.
George Curry.
Andrew Cu I.
James Nesmith.
Alexr. McBride, Bart.
Brill Orr.
, William urr.
John chir.
Geo. Campleil.
Samuel Wilson, MI.A.
James Shafts Wood.
Robert Miller.
John Mclaughlin. Thomas Wilson.
George Me Laughlin.
William Wilson.
Jamey Henry.
James Brice.
Thomas Ramsey.
Arch. Daplans.
Francis Ritchie.
Mirian Patt sonl.
James Thutaps. u.
Hugh farbel.
John Th augann.
Joly Dick.
Robert Thompson.
Je hn Thongron.
samuel Boyd.
Lawrence Mclaughlin.
1 mn li-st-t.
fiearge V. Alestar.
David Wihon.
Jolin Mer.
Thomas Runauge. Jamie's Change Alt David Lindsay.
James M. Kemal.
John Smith.
David Parteson.
Joan Wright.
David Willson.
Patrick Anderson.
John Gray.
Jointe, Gregg.
Patrick (r.
Sim MeGivorn. John Huny ck.
Alex. Partisia.
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Huch Holaies.
17
GENERAL HISTORY.
James Acton.
Richard Acton.
Thus. Orr.
Richard Etone.
Samnel Smith
James Claire.
Wm. Caldwell.
Matthew LordJ.
Andrew Dodge.
Jeremiah Claire.
Jamey Moore, jr.
Alex. McGregore.
James Forsaith.
Jacob Clark.
Samuel Ganien.
Alex. MuNeall.
James Lemey.
Abram Balerly.
Samuel MeMur.
Joseph Watson.
John Leslie.
Stephen Munlock.
Henry Calwell.
Rolwrt Miller.
John Lason.
Robert Murdock.
Thomas MeLaughlen.
Jolin Smiley.
John Calwell. Sammel Watt.
William Johnson.
John Millar.
James Walker.
James Crawford.
Jnines Hilgers.
Hugh Caldwell.
Alex. Ki.
William Boyd.
Win. Caldwell.
Thomas Hanes.
John Stirling.
William Walker.
Will. Halkins.
Satunel Smith.
Samuel Hunter.
Mathew Storah (?).
Randai Alexander.
John Lamond.
Robert Kacv.
Robert Hendre.
George Anton.
& Samuel Young. v
James Trotter.
William Wallace.
Thomas Boyd.
Alex. Richey.
Robert Rov.
Thomas Wallace.
Hugh Roger -.
James Morrison.
James Ftone.
Thomas Crouch.
Joseph Beverian.
Tironias Etone.
William Boyd.
William Buyle.
Robert Craig.
Sammel Hanson.
Wiiham Christy.
Benj. Boyle.
John Thompson.
James Cochran.
John Boyd.
Ja. Kennedy.
Hugh Thompson.
James Hilton.
William Boyd.
M. stirling.
James Still.
Thomas Haseltone.
Hugh Orr.
Sammel Russ.
James Hoge.
John Cochran.
Robert Johnston.
Jubin Ramsay.
Thomas Black.
John MeKeen.
Peter Murray.
James Wilson.
Andrew Fieming.
Robert Mc Keeu.
George Thonison.
John Boyd.
James Bronster.
Andrew Dunlop.
James Baverlan.
James Ramsey.
Peter Simpson.
Willian Park.
Thomas Me Langhlin.
John Blair.
Robert Boy J.
James Thompson.
Andrew Agnew.
Lawrence Melaughlin.
Jantes King.
Will. Campbell.
Thomas Elder.
James Bankhead.
Daniel Johnston.
Andrew Patrick.
Robert Walker.
John G .braith.
David Johnston.
Win. Laird.
James Stewart.
John Gray.
John Murray. Thomas Blackwell.
Audrew Watson.
Thomas Wilson.
Win. Blair.
John Ross.
Joseph Blair.
William Juhuson. John King. Andrew Cuiry.
Hugh Blair.
William Blair.
Samuel Anton.
Samuel Code.
Jamies Knox.
Robert Hendry.
Joliu Knox.
Wilham Hendry.
William Duncan.
David Duncan.
John Murry. Jnmes Gillmor.
Samuel Gillmor. Alex. Cin hran. Ed. MeKene.
John Mordah.
James Jh Fee. James Johnson.
George Anton. Jamies Anton.
George Kairy.
Thos. Freeland.
Thou.as Hunter.
Daniel MuKerreli.
Hugh Kenedy.
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John Sveliey. Robert Latoud.
Robert h Hox. Williams Wrisc u. Mr. laterson. James Alexander.
Thomas busto.n. J.DIES Grow. Juin Clark. Thunes McFaden. David Hensou.
James Nurmitk. Davul Crug. Will. MoSrall.
Thomas Hanson.
John Hanson.
William Cochran. John Hunter."
Extensive emigrations from the northern counties of Ireland were principally made at two distinct periods of time. The first from about the year 1717 to the middle of the century, the second from about 1771 to 1773. They were Protestants. generally Presbyterians,-few or none of the Roman Catholic Irish eame until after the war of the Revolution, and few then until after the great political upheaval in 1798, since which period. as we all know, the Row of the latter class of immigrants has been continuous.
The Scotch-Irish emigrants landed princip ally at New Castle and Philadelphia. save a handful who had settled on the Kennebec in Maine, an F of these the greater portion eventually came into Pennsylvania. Settling on the frontiers from Easton to the Susque- hanna, and the Potomac, the stream of immigration continued south to Virginia and the Carolinas.
The country north of the Swatara had not been visited save by French Indians prior to the coming of William Penn. AAfter his Gret visit he seems to have been well informed concerning this locality and per. sonally visited it, and at or above the mouth of the Swatara decided to locate a city, and the following proposals were issued therefor in 1690. It is easily understood why the project was never carried out. The careful reader of Pennsylvania history will read- ily comprehend the peculiar conditions surround- ing the founder. His government of his Province was giving him serious concern. The material com- posing his A -- embly wu- of that stubborn, el .- wille! character that little could be done, and he had as much as he could do in the preservation and fostering of those enterprises he had already begun. Never- thele-s, as a document of more than local interest. it is herewith given :
" Some L'rappeals for a second Settlement in the Province
" Whereas, I did, abruit ro vers post, propelled the walking fans. eral parts of attties of land, ryan talt sale of The Frame ( Den)-
Robert Walker.
David Henderson. + Davidl Wilboth. Inke Watt.
John Murdock.
Robert Hoog.
James Morrisun.
John Jamison. John Cochran. Samuel Ouston. Thomas Shadey. William Kerr. Thomas Moore. Andrew Watson. Jolu Thomson.
John Woodman (?).
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James McKerrall. Hugh Stoch min. Andrew Cochran. James Carkley. Lawrence Dod. Sanders Mear. John Jackson. Jatues Curry. James Elder. Adam Ditkey.
Thomas Lowie. John ButAN. Rodeit smith. Adams Denn. James Black. Thomas Grow
15
HISTORY OF' DAUPHIN COUNTY.
1. wie of a city, by the name of Philadelphia ; and that divers pervous closed with those proposals, who, by their ingennity, industry and charge, have advanced that city, trom a wood, to a good forwardness of building (there being shove one thousand houve. finished in it, and that the several plantations and towns begun upon the land, hought by those first undertakers, are also in a prosperous way of improvement and in- largement tinsomuch as last year ten sail of ships were fraughted there, with the growth of the Province, for Barladions, Jamaica, ce , Ir-ides what cam- directly for this kingdom ) It is now any purpose to make hother settlement, upon the river of Su-quehannagh, that runs into the Bay of Chesapeake, and forus about fifty miles west from the river Del- aware, as appears by the Common Mape of the English Dominion in Atuerica. There I design to lay out a plan for the building of another City, in the miest convenient place for communication with the formuer plantations on the East; which by lind, is as gul as Jone Miready, a way being laid out between the two rivers very exactly and conveni- iently, at least three years ago ; and which will not be band to do by water. by the benefit of the river sconlkill ; for a Branch of that river lies bear a Branch that runs into Susquehannagh River, and is the Comnon Course of the Indians with their Skins and Furr's juto our Parts, and to the Provinces of East and West Jersey, and New York, front the West and North west parts of the continent from whenc- they luring theni.
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