USA > Pennsylvania > Welsh settlement of Pennsylvania > Part 15
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David ap Evan (David Evan) was himself a purchaser of 15614 acres from Davies, which tract was laid out, 22. 11mo. 1687, along with his brother's tract, at New Town, in the Welsh Tract. In 1701, David Evan had 308 acres in two parcels, in Radnor.
Edward Jones's 250 acres were in Radnor. He, by deed, dated 4 Feb. 1690-1, sold same to James Morgan, who, in 1701, had altogether 450 in Radnor, whose son and heir, John, inherited the place, but John Worrall had most of it in 1703.
Ellis Jones assigned, on 12. 10. 1687, his 100 acres to Wil- liam David, who sold the same to John Morgan, by deed of 15. 10. 1702, so the said John had 450 acres in Radnor tp. He sold 80 acres to Henry Lewis, of Haverford, who sold the same to John Worrall, or Worrell.
Roger Hughes had deed, dated 20 June. 1682, for 250 acres laid out in Radnor tp. By deed, 11. 7. 1691, he sold
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125 acres to David Meredith, who sold to Richard Moore. Roger sold his balance, in 1699, to Thomas Parry, after whose death, Richard Moore had it.
Thomas Parry,* or Thomas ap Harry, a weaver, who bought this land, was the son of Harry ap Rees, of Henllan parish, Cardiganshire, and came to Pensylvania from Llan- elwith, in Radnor, bringing a certificate of membership from the Radnor Quarterly Meeting, dated 5. 5mo. 1699. He m. Elinor, daughter of John Edward, of Lanelwi parish, Radnor, and had two sons, Edward Parry, who m. 6. Smo. 1710, Jane, daughter of Robert Evans, and d. 28. 2mo. 1726, and Thomas Parry, Jr., who m. 27. 8mo. 1715, Jane Phillips, daughter of Philip Philip, of Radnor, (who d. 25. 12mo. 1697), and had ten children.
Roger Hughes subsequently bought 250 acres from the Commissioners, the money being paid to James Harrison. Of this, he sold, 20. 5. 1691, 150 acres to Stephen Evans, who had also 100 acres from David James.
Richard Cooke located his 100 acres in Radnor tp., but did not come over from Wales, and probably lost his rights. Witnesses to his deed, 19 June, 1682, were Ed Jones, Tho Davies, Ric Jones, David Jones, Daniel Morris, Samuel Miles, Evan Evans, and others.
"John Lloyd" remained in Wales, but had his 100 acre right laid out in Radnor tp. This probably should be Fran- cis Lloyd, who died, and his widow, Mary Lloyd, and son, Joseph Lloyd, cordwainer, both of Haverford West, gave power of attorney to Samuel Carpenter, a Philadelphia mer- chant, and William Howell, of Haverford, to sell the 100 acres, which they did to Mary, widow of David Haverd.
*Will of Hugh Parry, of Merion, signed 26 April, 1731; witnesses Hugh Evans, Thomas Lloyd (marked), and Robert Jones; proved 5 June same year, mentions brothers Henry and Robert, and sisters Ellin, Jane, Elizabeth, and Katherine Pugh.
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Cook and Lloyd tried to sell through David Meredith, and Stephen Evans, but they only disposed of their city lots in Walnut Street, near Fifth Street, in 1702, to Enoch Story.
David Jones died, and his only child, Mary, sold his right to 100 acres, to Stephen Evans, in Radnor.
Margaret James, spinster, after receiving deed, dated 20 June, 1682, for her 200 acres, married by Friends' cere- mony, and in Welsh, at the house of Ann Thomas, in New Church parish, Radnorshire, 24. 4mo. 1682, Samuel Miles, of Hamhanghobyeholgen parish, Radnor, and they located the land in Radnor tp., removed to it, and bought 150 acres more from Thomas Lehnman. They sold 50 acres to brother Richard Miles, and, in Sep. 1705, had remaining 258 acres in Radnor, which, on resurvey, amounted to 352 acres, the excess they bought, paying 6s. 8d. per acre, and eighteen months' interest on the price of the surplus from the date of the original grant.
Samuel Miles's will, signed in the presence of Edward Rees, Richard Miles, David Thomas, William Davies, and John Reece, 24. 4mo. 1707, was proved by his wife, [Marga- ret James], not named, 28 Apr. 1708. Names his children, Tamar, Phoebe, and Ruth, [m. Owen Evans]. To be over- seers brother Richard Miles, Stephen Bevan, and Edward Reece. Their first child, Tamar, was b. 21 Feb. 1687, and was the first Welsh child born in Radnor tp. She m. Thomas Thomas, of Radnor, and, after 62 years of married life, d. 28. 7mo. 1770, a member of the Radnor Meeting.
Richard Miles also located his right to 100 acres in Rad- nor, which re-surveyed amounted to 233 acres. He also bought from his brother, Samuel Miles, 50 acres, which was found to be 92 acres on a re-survey, and 20 acres from Ellis Jones, "the Govern's miller." By the first surveys in 12mo. 1701, he supposed he had only 170 acres in Radnor, but the later survey showed he had 325 acres, so he bought the ex- cess from Penn, 155 acres, and paid interest on the cost of the "overs" from dates of the grants.
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Thomas Jones, of "Laulanread in Elvel," or Glascombe. Radnorshire, gave his 100 acre right to his nephew, John Jones, who by deed, dated 30 8ber, 1685, conveyed the same to William Davies, who sold it to David Evan, of Radnor tp.
Evan Oliver's 200 acres were sold by his heir to William Davies, who, by deed, dated 18 Jan. 1702, conveyed 50 acres of the same to David Evan, of Radnor, and on 19 July, 1697, 100 acres to Edward David.
David Meredith, besides the 100 acres from Davies, bought 100 from Corn (and on re-survey it was found 37 acres over, which amount he bought, paying a noble an acre), and 125 acres from Roger Hughes, which he sold to Richard Moore. David Meredith, his wife Katherine, and children Richard, Mary, John, Meredith, and Sarah, came from Llanbister parish, Radnorshire, bringing the usual certifi- cate of membership in good standing in the Society of Friends, dated 20. 5mo. 1683.
To Lewis Owen, 183 acres, Rowland Owen, 182 acres, Ellis Morris, 78 acres, and Ellis ap Hugh, 182 acres, were conveyed 625 acres, in proportions named, in four deeds, dated 31 July, 1682. Witnesses to the deeds of the first three, as grantees, were the men of Merioneth, Owen Lewis, Sr., and Jr., Rowland Ellis, Evan Harry, and David Evan, and as grantors, were same, and Morris Ellis, and John Humphrey.
The first three grantees, by deed dated 30 June, 1683, sold their rights to 443 acres for £19. 17.2, English, to Thomas Ellis, as also did Ellis Pugh," by deed dated 16 July, 1686. This land, Thomas Ellis had laid out in Merion. By his will, signed 1. 11mo. 1688, he ordered it sold to pay his debts, which was done 5. 7mo. 1698.
*Evan ap Hugh (Evan Pugh) made his will 21 May, 1703, and signed with his mark in the presence of Thomas Edward, Humphrey Bate, and John Robert. Proved 7 June, 1704, by wif. Ann. Names only son David Pugh, (but had other children) and nephew Hugh Edward. Overseers, John Humphrey, Edward Foulke, and Robert John.
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James Price, who had right to 300 acres in Radnor tp., by deed, 19 June, 1682, rented his land for three year from 16 July, 1684, to David Price, and in case James did not come over to use the land, he could have it forever. "James never came," so David sold the place, by deed 6. 1. 1696-7, to Hum- phrey Rees. David Price was also granted a city lot, "among the rest of his countrymen in Chestnut Street," between Fourth and Fifth Streets, and this by deed, 7 July, 1693, without even locating the lot, he conveyed to William Thomas, of Radnor, who sold it to Gov. Lloyd, whose execu- tor, David Lloyd, requested confirmation of sale, as said Thomas lost his life by accident before he executed the deed of sale. His widow gave the deed, 27. 2. 1702.
John ap Evan, or John Evans, Sr., received his right to 350 acres by deed of 19 July, 1682, witnessed by Edward Jones, Thomas Davies, David Jones, Richard Jones and David Morris. He located his land in Radnor tp. On resur-
Roger Robert, of Radnor, marked his will, 5 July, 1720, in the pre- Bence of Robert Jones, Rees Thomas, William Thomas, and Robert Evans, and mentions his children, Robert, John, Owen, and Jane, and grandsons Roger Robert and Roger Pugh.
Will of Thomas Pugh, a mason, signed 3. 3. 1723: witnesses John Roger, Thomas Ellis, Ellis Robert, and Meredith David. proved 1 Oct. 1723, by wife Ann. Mentions brother Job Pugh, and own sons Jesse and Roger Pugh. To be trustees, Robert Jones, of Merion, Meredith Davis, Robert Roger, Job Pugh, and Ellis Robert.
Will of Henry Pugh, of Merion, yeoman, signed 11 June, 1730, proved by wife Katherine, 1 May, 1731. Witnesses, Elle'n Thomas (marked) Ellin Jones, An'n Jones (marked), Lowry Evans, Hugh Evans, and Robert Jones. Names children, Hugh, Robert, Jane, Katherine, Eliza- beth, Ellen, Henry, and Moses Pugh. Trustees, Thomas Thomas, Thomas Lawrence, Hugh Evans and Robert Jones.
Will of William Pugh, of Radnor, yeoman, marked 19 June, 1705, witnesses Daniel Harry (marked), Susanna Williams, and William Davies. Proved 19 June, 1798. Wife probably deccased. Names son, "Hugh Williams," and his children William, Catherine, Susanna, and Elizabeth Williams. Grandsons, Hugh Jones and Joseph Jones. Mentions "friends Richard and Ann [Roberts,] brother and sister of John Roberts, of Merion, and Jane, daughter of Robert Ellis."
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vey it amounted to only 300 acres, and was surveyed again, and came out only 250 acres, and even then he had to buy an "over plus" of 25 acres. By deed, 4. 4. 1688, Evans con- veyed 100 acres to John German, or Jarman, whose relict, "Margaret Jermain," held it. On survey, it was made out to be 42 acres over, which her son, John, paid for at a noble an acre. "John Jarman, of the parish of Llangerig," in Montgomeryshire, and his wife Margaret, and children Eliz- abeth and Sarah, brought certificate, dated 20. 5mo. 1683, from the Radnorshire Men's Meeting, which they filed with the Haverford Monthly Meeting. It was signed by Owen Humphrey, Daniel Lewis, Nathan Woodliffe, David Griffith, Jon Lloyd, Edward Moore, Richard Watkins, Thomas Parry, Edward Jones, Richard Cooke, John Watson, Roger Hughes, John Robert, and Rees ap Rees. At same date (4. 4. 1688), John Evans sold 100 acres to "Jno. Robert, of Haverford, smith," adjoining German or Jarman, on the north. The will of "John Robert, blacksmith," dated 26. 7. 1702, was proved 5 Jan. 1702-3. To daughter Margaret, wife of Thomas Kenderdine, and her children. Mentions his son John, and daughter, Elinor Jenkins, living in Wales. Exec- utors, John Beyan and John Rees. Among the witnesses was William Howell. John Robert, by deed of 9. 1mo. 1699- 00, sold same land to John Morgan, who also had 100 acres more of John Evans's land. Edward David, on 19 July, 1697, bought "the remaining 150 acres," and this lot, with 50 acres, he bought of William Corn (the son of one of Davies's grantees), was in Radnor tp., and he sold it to John Evans, "together with 500 acres of 'rent land,' of which he sold 50 to Edward David." In 12mo. 1701, the Land Commissioners supposed John Evans had 2,200 acres in Radnor.
Richard Corn, or Conn, got his 50 acres in Radnor, by deed, 20 June, 1682, his son and heir, William, sold it to John Evans, 6 Jan. 1690.
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By a triparty deed, dated 19. 6mo. 1686, between-
Richard Davies, Thomas Ellis, William Howell.
Francis Howel,
Ellis Ellis.
Morgan David.
Francis Lloyd. James Thomas.
there was conveyed 410 acres of land, for £30, being part of 500 acres out of Richard Davies's 1250 acres, to William Howell and Ellis Ellis (son of Thomas Ellis), that is to say: -for Thomas Ellis, 10 acres, Francis Howel 100, James Thomas 100, Morgan David 100, and Francis Lloyd 100.
The will of David Morgan, "of Merion, yeoman," marked 15. 12mo. 1694, in presence of Robert Owen, Robert Powell, and of John Humphreys, proved 18. 7. 1695, by wife Cath- erine, sole executor. William Howell, Morris Llewellyn, Francis Howel and David Lawrence, overseers. His estate to go to his two eldest sons, John and Evan, mentions son David. Legacies to daughters Katherine and Elizabeth, and to the Meeting House in Haverford. By deed of 8. 3mo. 1695, the relict and the overseers conveyed David Morgan's 100 acres to James Thomas, who willed the same to his second son, Nathan Thomas. In 12mo. 1701, James Thomas had 100 acres of the Richard Davies patent located in Mer- ion, and altogether, at this time, he held 300 acres in the Welsh Tract.
"David James, from Llandigley and Glaseram [or Glas- cum] parish, in Radnorshire," and his wife, Margaret, and daughter Mary, wrote to the Radnorshire Men's Meeting, from Pensylvania, in 8mo. 1682, asking for a certificate of membership, &c., which was given, dated 20. 5mo. 1683, and filed with the Haverford (Radnor) Monthly Meeting.
David James had his purchase of 100 acres laid out in Radnor. His sole heir, Mary James, by deed, dated 23. 10mo. 1702, conveyed the same property to Stephen Evans, of Radnor, yeoman, who came from Llanbister parish, Rad- norshire, bringing to the Haverford (or Radnor) Monthly
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Meeting, his certificate from the Radnorshire Men's Meet- ing, dated 20. 5mo. 1683.
Stephen Evans bought by deed of 20. 5mo. 1691, 150 acres of David Meredith (who held 350 acres in Radnor, but in 1701, had only 200). Mary James also sold her father's head right, or servant land, to Stephen Evans, whose son John Stephens had the whole surveyed. He declined to pay quit-rent to the land officer, alleging that Penn was under some obligation to him for personal services. He probably satisfied the Commissioners, as there is no further mention of this matter.
Roger Hughes, David Meredith, Richard Cook, David (or James) Price, and John Lloyd, had city lots, in Chestnut Street, between 4th and 5th Streets, reserved for the Welsh settlers, granted to them on account of purchases of land from Richard Davies, which lots were resurveyed to them 28. 2mo. 1702. Hughes sold his lot to Meredith. Cool and Lloyd sold their lots to said Meredith and Stephen Evans. By deed of 20. 9mo. 1702, they conveyed the four lots to David Lloyd, who then owned five city lots altogether, in Chestnut Street, between 4th and 5th Streets, which he sold, by deed of 23. 10mo. 1702, to Enoch Story, of Philadelphia.
Stephen ap Evan, or Stephen Evans aforesaid, bought 100 acres from Richard Davies, and, with the two lots purchased as above, he had 350 acres in Radnor, and on resurvey, in 6mo. 1703, it was discovered he had 47 acres "overplus," which he bought, paying Penn a noble an acre. The Land Commissioners found that he owed Mary James £11, and rent-money for her land from in 1684, and ordered this all paid.
Other land transactions in the account of Richard Davies.
David Lloyd bought from attorneys of Richard Davies, 15. 6mo. 1687, 90 acres, which he sold, 7. 7mo. 1687, to David Powel, who sold it, by deed 10. 10mo. 1687, to Evan Harry, and said Evan Harry also bought 74 acres from Powel, so that in 12mo. 1701, he had 164 acres in one tract,
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in Radnor. Evan Harry, who had land in Merion-164 acres he bought, which on the survey, amounted to 214 acres, in 4mo. 1704.
Griffith Owen, John Humphrey, Rowland Ellis, and David Lloyd, acting as Davies's attorneys, and Edward Evans, conveyed by deeds of 6. 1mo. 1698-9, and 6. 1mo. 1696, 90 acres to Joseph Growdon.
"Richard Davies alias Prees," in 12mo. 1701, held 761/2 acres in Goshen tp., part of Richard Davies's 5,000 acres.
Thomas Howell, in 12mo. 1701, held 100 acres in Haver- ford, being part of Richard Davies's 1250 acres there.
Daniel Humphrey bought 5. 3mo. 1694, 50 acres of "over- plus land," due several purchasers of Richard Davies, in Haverford. He also held in Haverford, in 12mo. 1701, 200 acres in rights of "T. Ellis, L. David and J. Poyer."
Richard Moore, in 12mo. 1701, held 245 acres in Radnor, and Henry Price,* 300 acres in same township, bought out of the Richard Davies tract there.
Griffith Owen bought some of this land in Goshen tp., which by first survey amounted to 4011/2 acres. But on re- survey, in 9mo. 1703, amounted to 775 acres. Ile was al- lowed 40 acres "for measure," and promised to pay for the difference.
*Price families were numerous in the Welsh Tract.
Will of Isaac Price, signed 4 Sep. 1706, witnesses, David William, Thomas Rees, a'nd Rowland Ellis, proved by his wife, not named, 1 Mar. 1706-7. Names children, Isaac, Mary, and Gwen Price. Over- seers same as the witnesses.
Will of Philip Price, of Merion, yeoman, marked 11 Dec. 1719, in the presence of Rees Thomas, Owen Roberts, and Richard Thomas. proved 22 Nov. 1720, by wife Margaret. Names daughter Sarah Lewis, grandchildren Isaac Price, and Samuel, Daniel, Sarah, Mary, David, Isaac, Philip, Miriam, and John, the children of Thomas Rees, "late of Haverford," also grandchildren, ("children of John Lewis, of New Castle, Delaware county"), Elizabeth Stout, Philip, Stephen, Jo- siah, Sarah, Mary and Ann Lewis. Mentions Joan, wife of Hugh David, Lettice, wife of Samuel Rees, and Rebecca, wife of Thomas Rees. Overscers, Rees Thomas, Norris Llewellyn, and Robert Jones.
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Henry Harry, only son of Daniel Harry, grantee of 100 acres in Radnor, in 168-, asked confirmation by the Land Commissioners of this land to him, 25. 9mo. 1724.
"From Macchinleth, in Montgomeryshire, Hugh Harris and Daniel Harris," is recorded on the passenger list of the ship "Vine of Liverpool," which arrived at Philadelphia 17. 7mo. 1684, and from the minutes of the Haverford, or Rad- nor Monthly Meeting, 8. 2mo. 1686, "William Howell and George Painter are ordered to speak to Hugh and Daniel Harry concerning their Parents money," and, in same, 10, 4mo. 1686, "George Painter & William Howell according to former order did speak with Hugh and Daniel Harry, who have promised yt if any friends would lay out money in England upon their parents account they would out of the Product or growth of this Countrey make them satisfac- tion." Their surnames, as assumed, were variously Harry and Harris in different families. Hugh Harris, a weaver, and Elizabeth, daughter of William and Ann Brinton, of Birmingham tp., declared their intentions of marriage, at the Chichester Meeting 1. 1mo. 1686. By deed 11. 4mo. 1695, Mr. Brinton conveyed 250 acres of land in Birming- ham, to them, where they went to reside, and 19 Nov. 1707, Hugh bought 430 acres in East Marlborough tp., Chester Co. Hugh Harris died in 1708, having nine children. His four sons, Evan, William, Hugh, and John, and their de- scendants, had "Harry" as their surname.
The will of Lewis Harry, of Radnor, marked 12. 7mo. 1699, witnesses David Davies, Benjamin Humphrey, David Lewis, and Benjamin Lewis, was proved 1 April, 1700, by wife Abigail. Children named Harry, Mary, and Eleanore. The will of his son, Harry Lewis, of Radnor, signed 20 March, 1701-2, in the presence of Peter Worrell, Edward Thomas, and David Evan, was proved 13 April, 1702, by brother-in-law John Worrell, names sisters Mary Worrell, and Eleanor Lewis. His father's servant, Richard Faddery, mentioned in both wills.
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John Evan Edwards, held at one time 625 and 194 acres, in Radnor. He bougth 200 acres of this land from John Williams, by deed of 10. 5mo. 1700, which was a portion of the cstate of Thomas Ellis, whose administrator, Daniel Humphreys, had conveyed it to Williams. David Powel con- veyed, by deed of 22. 5mo. 1687, to John Evan Edwards 100 acres, which was a part of the 500 acres he received from the Land Commissioners, by patent, dated 4. 4mo. 1686. On re- survey, it was found to be 123 acres, and Edwards bought the difference.
The will of Thomas John Evan, of Radnor, who may have been a son of this landowner, signed 31, 1 mo. 1707, in the presence of friends Rowland Ellis, Sr., Joshua Owen, and Rowland Ellis, Jr., was proved by his wife "Lowry John Evan." Children named, John, Joseph, and Elizabeth.
All of these "Radnor town" original deeds had about the same witnesses, namely, Edward Jones, Thomas Davies, David James, Richard Jones, Daniel Morris, Samuel Miles, John Evans, and Daniel Meredith.
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RICHARD DAVIES'S LAND PATENT, II.
RICHARD DAVIES was a recognized minister among the Friends in Wales, and, as it appears, was an active friend of Penn, since he sold so much of his land. But, strange to say, he sold none of it in his home county. "The Journal of that ancient Servant of the Lord, Richard Davies," giving his autobiography, has frequently been printed. He was born at Welshpool, Montgomeryshire, in 1635. His parents were "Church of England people," but being apprenticed to an "Independant," a felt-maker, he became acquainted with Morgan Evan, of South Wales, a minister among Friends, who made the young man a convert to Quakerism. In 1659,
he married in London, Tace , by whom, who died in 1705, he had a daughter Tace, who married
Endon, and had a son, David Endon. Mr. Davies died at his home, Cloddan Cochion, near Welshpool, on 22. 1mo. 1707-8.
See the "Friends' Library," vol. XIII., for "An Account of Richard Davies," written in 1708, and a copy of the "Tes- timonies concerning him," given at the Quarterly Meeting held at Dolobran, 25. 11mo. 1708.
"Rowland Ellis, gent," a minister among Friends, with a good estate, the largest purchaser of land from Richard Davies, and subsequently one of the prominent men of the Welsh Tract, was born about 1650-2, on his father's farm, called "Bryn Mawr," near Dogelly, Dyffrydan tp., in Mer- ionethshire, where he resided till his removal to Pensylva- nia, having sold the old homestead, a modest stone house, which is still standing in a state of good preservation.
Like other Welshmen who came over to settle here, he wrote out and brought his family genealogy, in Welsh style, still extant in the Evans family, so as to be in touch with
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"home." From it, we learn that he was the only son of Ellis ap Rees, or Ellis Price, whose father, Lewis ap Sion Griffith, of Nannau, built "Bryn Mawr House" in 1617. And that Rowland's mother, Ann Humphrey, was a daughter of Humphrey ap Hugh, of Llwyngrill, (the marriage settle- ment dated 1 Jan. 1649), and sister to John and Samuel Humphrey, purchasers of Welsh Tract land from the Lloyds. He is of record, 8. 10mo. 1704, as filing an account of his kindred and life with the Merion Meeting.
Rowland Ellis became a Quaker about 1673, and like other Friends of his neighborhood, suffered imprisonment in 1676, in Dolgelly goal, but, although he bought the largest block of land in the Welsh Tract purchased of Richard Davies, and helped get up his company, he did not remove to his purchase permanently till after sixteen years, when "beyond the Schuylkill" was no longer a wilderness.
In 1683, Rowland Ellis sent in Hugh Roberts' party his farmer, Thomas Owen, who was said to be a relative, and Thomas's family, to have his land properly laid out, some in Merion, and some in Goshen, and to make a settlement on his Merion land, build a house, clear some fields, and begin a farm, and make the usual preparations for the com- ing of himself and family when convenient. Four years later, Rowland Ellis, then a widower, bringing his son and namesake, came over to look over the situation, with a view of permanently removing with all his family.
On this trip to Pensylvania, he sailed in a Bristol ship from Milford Haven, on 16. 8mo. 1686. Many of his neighbors, about 100, all from about Dolgelly, accompanied him, and they had a long and tedious passage of 24 weeks, as they were obliged to come by the way of the Barbadoes, where the ship was detained six weeks, much to the dis- comfort of some of the passengers, but the saving of others, for coming, the immigrants generally experienced great suf- fering from being crowded in a small boat, and from the lack of proper accommodations for so large a party, and as it is recorded, "many died through want of necessary
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provisions, others from the remaining effects of thelr 'suf- ferings' [in Wales] and some that survived never recovered their former strength." If these passengers had not had the opportunity for recuperation at the Barbadoes, it was thought all would have perished before reaching the Dela- ware, so great was their suffering through bad food and sickness.
Mr. Ellis remained here only about nine months, and then returned to "old Bryn Mawr," leaving young Rowland behind with uncle John Humphreys. So pleased was Mr. Ellis with the outlook in the Province, that he bought a great deal of wild land in various localities at this time, and shortly after, and these land speculations eventually caused his financial ruin.
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