USA > Pennsylvania > Welsh settlement of Pennsylvania > Part 3
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*Pa. Mag., IV., p. 331.
[38]
ADVENTURERS FOR LAND
Now, the settler takes "account of stock." He finds he has paid out from his £100, in one year :-
"To Passage and Cloaths £ 38.02.06
"To House and Barn 15.10.00
"To living expenses one year 17.17.06
"To Stock 24.10.00
£96.00.00
His receipts and assets, "per Contr. Creditor," he finds as follows :-
Crop valued at £59.10.00
House and barn, value, 30.00.00
Stock, cost, 24.10.00
Land, with 15 ac. improved, 26.05.00
Remaining cash
4.00.00
Total assets £ 144.05.00
It may thus be seen the immigrant has had a good first year, "on paper." The receipts from crops paid for the fifteen-acre field (the profit of goods brought over having paid for the tract), and for the house and barn. Is it any wonder that the humble Welsh willingly removed.
The directions for building the log house are particular as to trees, how to get them ready, etc. It should be "thirty foot long and eighteen foot broad," "with a partition neer the middle, and an other to divide one end of the House into two small Rooms," and a loft over all, the floor of which to be of "clapbord," but "the lower flour is the Ground." "This may seem a mean way of Building, but 'tis sufficient and safest for ordinary beginners." "An ordinary House, and a good Stock, is the Planters Wisdom."
Only three years after immigrants began coming into Pensylvania, there were "evil reports" given out in Eng- land "by many Enemies to this new Country," because it promised to be a growing colony of non-conformists, and because others had other colony schemes they were trying
[39]
WELSH SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
to float. Then there were those who could not believe Penn's astonishing statements in his advertisements of his land, and these were as much to be dreaded as the "Enemies."
In order to head-off these aspersions against Pensyl- vania, Governor Penn asked some of the leading men in the Province to give him their opinions of the country from personal observation and experience. One, Dr. Nicholas More, wrote him, "Green Spring, 13 Sep. 1686," for publi- cation it may be imagined, a long, cheerful account* re- citing the "evil reports," "as if we were ready to Famish, and that the Land is so barren, the Climet so hot, that English Grain, Roots, and Herbs do not once come to Maturity, and what grows, to be little worth." This he pronounced bosh. And he gave prices current here for a hundred products and articles, and all possible profits on them.
But what would most appeal to farmers, Welsh or Eng- lish, was what he wrote of grain crops. He said, "I have had seventy Ears of Rye upon one single Root, proceeding from one single Corn; 45 of Wheat; 80 of Oats; 10, 12, and 14 of Barley out of one Corn; I took the Curiosity to tell one of the twelve Ears from one Grain, and there was in it 45 Grains on that Ear; above 3,000 of Oats from one single Corn." ["Quaker Oats"?], etc. "But it would seem a Romance rather than a Truth, if I should speak what I have seen in these things."
This must have convinced the Welsh farmers.
In referring thus to Penn's advertising his lands, I do not lose sight of the fact that his Pensylvania scheme was "in the course of his pious life,"-"continually and various ways were employed in promoting the happi- ness of mankind, both in their religious and civil capacity," and attribute any sordid aspects to it. The advertisements
*Pa. Mag., IV., p. 447.
[40]
ADVENTURERS FOR LAND
are only mentioned to show the method pursued in trying to sell, and to also show that he knew how to "sell without samples," and that he was a pioneer in the real estate busi- ness, if not in the "mail-order business," and that as an all-round business man he was "far and away ahead of his time," and would have been the first great "captain of industries" if he had had faithful lieutenants, or, if, in a word, his whole endeavor had not been a chimera.
However, his real estate venture throughout was "clean." There is no evidence of any scandals connected with it. He may have had paid agents to sell his land for him, and he may have paid commissions on sales, and the "trustees" may have sold some lands at advance prices, and some may have bought to speculate, but what of it? Such methods then were as proper as they are to-day.
The "company," some of whose members were the first to come over, and have land laid out in the Welsh Tracts, was that of John ap Thomas and Dr. Edward Jones. This was in August, 1682, a year after Penn's first ship-load of colonists had arrived here, and two months before he him- self came on his first visit to America. There has been much told of these very first arrivals in three ships, so it is only necessary here to repeat that the first boat-load arrived in the Delaware in August, 1681, and the third in the follow- ing December, and that the immigrants landed at Upland (now Chester), and remained there, supposing it to be the site of the city Penn had said he was going to lay out, till after the first surveyor came over, in June, 1682, up to which time twenty-three other immigrant ships had arrived.
The surveyor, Thomas Holme, after looking around, probably told some one that he was going to recommend that the city be located further up the river, at the Swede's farm, called Wicaco, for in July there was a great scramble of immigrants to that locality. Here Dr. Jones found them when he arrived in August, 1682.
[41]
WELSH SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
When Penn came in the following October, 1682, he found his first English colonists, like squatters, living in huts and "caves," on the Delaware, where they supposed the city would be laid out, and, as first arrivals, they would have the choice lots. This may, or may not have influenced him to order his city laid out here, but it was months before it was plotted. The site of the new city seems to have been known or well guessed at two months before Penn came, as Dr. Jones mentions "the town of Philadelphia" in his letter, hereafter given, written 13, 6mo. 1682. For this reason it has been believed that the Doctor selected or suggested the site of the city, and possibly named it, as Penn tells it was named "before it was born."
Now, that we have reviewed the inception, founding, and establishing of the "Welsh Tract," on and beyond the Schuylkill, we proceed to consider its first and pioneer settlers, "the company of Thomas and Jones"-the builders of the Merion Meeting House.
[42]
盛店
MERION FRIENDS' MERTING HOUSE, CIRCA 1800.
THOMAS & JONES' LAND PATENT
Beginning with the Thomas & Jones "Company," and land, which was "ye first within ye tract of land in the Province" to be laid out, we will consider the companies in succession.
There are extant documents like confirmatory deeds, each having the title, "An Indenture where severall are con- cerned," and bearing date of March 18th, others "The first day of Aprill, in the four and thirtieth year of our sovereign Charles, Second," [1682]. They recite the conveyance of the 5,000 acres of land by William Penn to John ap Thomas and Edward Jones, and that "there have been two severall In- dentures, ye one of bargain and sale for one year, bearing date ye 16th day of September in the three and thirtieth year of his majesty's reign [1681]*, the other bearing date ye 17th day of the same month and year," both made between William Penn and John ap Thomas and Edward Jones. And, "that for and in consideration of the sum of One Hun- dred pounds of good and lawfull money of England to him in hand paid by Jno. T. & Edw. Jones, he did grant [to them] the full portion of 5,000 acres of land, * * ye first within ye tract of land in the Province," "bearing date ye 11th day of July then last past, paying one shilling for every one hundred acres of ye said 5,000 upon the first day of March forever."
This deed then recites that "others than John ap Thomas and Edward Jones have contributed towards this £100
*Charles the Second began his first regnal year in 1660, but as it was his restoration, his first regnal year was called in documents the 12th year of his reign, making his reign date from 30 Jan. 1648-9, the beginning of the Commonwealth. Therefore, in the above deed, the 33 Charles II. was 1681.
[45]
WELSH SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
of purchase money," and that "the said John and Edward are as Trustees," they being personally responsible for the amounts to which the others and themselves have individu- ally subscribed. That "for £25 which John ap Thomas has subscribed, he shall have 1250 acres [one-fourth in- terest], and Edward Jones in like proportion, and that the residue of the land be of equal goodness."
These documents are confirmation that 16 September 1681 was the date of the original grant to John ap Thomas and Dr. Edward Jones, or the "Thomas & Jones Co.," which for convenience, and because its land was the first laid out, and its subscribers the first to arrive here, and founded the Merion Meeting, we will call "Company No. 1."
Company No. 1. There were seventeen Welsh Friends, one a woman, who subscribed to the £100 purchase money for the 5,000 acres in the Welsh Tract, which John ap John and Dr. Edward Jones engaged for them. The names of these subscribers and purchasers are preserved in a memorandum written by John ap Thomas, found among his papers, entitled :-
.
COMPANY NUMBER ONE
"An account of wt sum of money every ffriend in Penllyn hath Layd out to buy land in Pensylvania & wt quantity of Acres of Land each is to have and wt sum of Quit Rents falls upon every one."
Pounds.
John Tho
25 0s 0d
Acres. 1250 625
Quit Rent. 12s 6d
Hugh Robt
12 10
0
6
3
Edd Jones
6
5
0
312 1/2
3 11/2
Robt Davis
6
5
0
312 1/2
3 11/2
Evan Rees
6
5
0
312 1/2
3
11/2
John Edd
6
5
0
312 1/2
3
11/2
Edd Owen
6
5
0
312 1/2
3
11/2
Will Edd
3
2
6
156 1/4
1 61/3
Edd Rees
3
2
6
156 1/4
1 61/3
Will Jones
3
2
6
156 1/4
1
61/3
Tho Rich
3
2
6
156 1/4
1
61/3
Rees John W
3
2
6
156 1/4
1 61/3
Tho lloyd
3
2
6
156 1/4
1
61/3
Cadd Morgan
3
2
6
156 1/4
1
61/3
John Watkin
3
2
6
156 1/4
1
61/3
Hugh John
3
2
6
156 1/4
1
61/3
Gainor Robt
3
2
6
156 1/4
1
61/3
£100 0 0
5000
£2 10
From this MSS. and from the deeds for this land to the subscribers, we have the names, locations of their resi- dences, their stations in life, and number of acres bought by each of the subscribers to the fund of £100.
"John Tho". "John ap Thomas, of Llaithgwm, gentle- man," took 1250 acres, paying £25.
"Edd Jones". "Edward Jones, chyrurgion, of Bala," the partner in the trusteeship, took for himself only 3121/2 acres, paying £6.5.0.
"Hugh Robt". Hugh Roberts, of Kiltalgarth, gentle- man," purchased 625 acres, paying £12.10s.
[47]
WELSH SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
The following each bought 3121/2 acres, each paying £6.5s .:
"Robt David". "Robert ap David, of Gwern Evel Ismy- nydd, yeoman."
"Evan Rees". "Evan ap Rees, of Penmaen, grocer."
"John Edd." "John ap Edwards, of Nant Lleidiog, yeo- man."
"Edd Owen". "Edward ap Owen, 'late of Doleyserre,' gentleman."
The following each bought 1561/4 acres, each paying £3.2s. 6d .:
"Will Edd." "William ap Edward, of Ucheldre, or Uenel- dri, yeoman."
"Edd Rees". "Edward ap Rees, of Kiltalgarth, gentle- man."
"Gainor Robt". "Gainor Roberts, of Kiltalgarth, spin- ster."
"Will Jones". "William ap John alias Jones, of Bettws, yeoman."
"Tho Rich". "Thomas ap Richard alias Prichard, of Nant Lleidiog, yeoman."
"Hugh John". "Hugh ap John alias Jones, of Nant Lleidiog, yeoman."
"Rees John W". "Rees ap John ap William, alias Rees Jones, of Llanglynin, yeoman."
"Tho lloyd." "Thomas Lloyd, of Llangower, yeoman."
"Cadd Morgan". "Cadwalader Morgan, of Gwernevel, yeoman."
"John Watkin". "John Watkins, of Gwernevel, 'bath- ilor'."
As the homes of all of these subscribers were in the hundred of Penllyn, in Merionethshire, it was natural that the township in Pensylvania, where their land lay, should be given the name Merion by the surveyor-general, and sub-
[48]
COMPANY, NUMBER ONE
sequently so many settlements in it should be called after Merionethshire places .*
Although the deeds of lease and release from Penn to Thomas & Jones for over 5,000 acres, were executed 16 and 17 September 1681, about four months after they had the in- terview with Penn in London, the transfers, by deeds, from them, of their proportions, to the several subscribers were not made till the following Spring, as these latter deeds of conveyance (copied into Books C.I and C.II in office of the Recorder of Deeds, Philadelphia), all bear dates between 28 February and 1 April, 1682, and they were not recorded till 22 3mo. 1684, but the confirmative patents were not granted till in 1702-1703. These deeds from Thomas & Jones have the same witnesses who were some of the others of these grantees, excepting, of course, the parties to the deed, and are all drawn very particularly as to facts, con- taining the "tripping clause," to wit: "Whereas besides the said John Thomas and Edward Jones, chirurgeon, others have contributed some part and proportion of the said sum of £100 for and towards the purchase of the premises, and whereas, though the said John Thomas and Edward Jones
*Some of these Welsh Friends of Merionethshire, who were signers of a marriage certificate, in 1mo. 1678-9, at the Penllyn Monthly Meeting, it will be seen came over and settled in the Welsh Tract.
Owen Humphrey. John Humphrey. Richard Humphrey.
Cadwalader Thomas.
John Thomas.
Elizabeth Thomas.
Rowland Ellis.
Humphrey Owen. Rowland Owen.
Hugh Roberts.
John Owen.
Edward Vaughan. -
Anne Owen.
Ellis Rees.
Elizabeth Owen (bis). Evan John.
Gwen Rees.
Rees John.
John Howell. Daniel Samuel.
Gainor John.
Humphrey Reynolds. Rees Evan.
Joseph Samuel. Lydia Samuel.
John William.
Rebecca Samuel.
1
Ellin Rees.
[49]
WELSH SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
were intrusted to take the conveyances of all the said prem- ises, yet they only intended to have their separate shares and proportions of the said 5,000 acres, according to the said sum they have laid out as part of the said £100 as only Trustees as to the rest of the said 5,000 acres, and for that it was also agreed that no benefit or survivorship should be taken between them." Mr. Thomas had paid in only £25, as mentioned, and Dr. Jones £6.5.0. This iden- tifying Messrs. Thomas and Jones as only "trustees," was a serious matter to them, as will appear.
This distribution cleaned up these 5,000 acres, and reim- bursed the trustees, Messrs. Thomas and Jones, for the £100 they had advanced to pay Mr. Penn.
Several of these purchasers did not remove to Pensyl- vania, but their land was laid out and surveyed along with the rest, and subsequently they sold out to others, who did remove and settle on it, or to their fellow contributors, as will appear later.
The earliest mention found, outside of the "trustee's deeds," which did not, however, give the locations of the lands, which was to be determined "as soon as the 5,000 acres is laid out," as the deeds state, is in a letter of Dr. Edward Jones, dated "Skoolkill River, ye 26th of ye 6mo. 1682," wherein he mentions the 2,500 acres on the Schuyl- kill as "ye Country lots." From the wording of the Doctor's statements, in this letter, given elsewhere, it would seem he thought his company's land, or at least the half of it, 2,500 acres, should have been laid out in "ye town lot," (in Phila- delphia) "called now Wicoco." The earliest location of the land on a map was on that of Pensylvania, made by the surveyor-general of the Province, Thomas Holme, which he began to compile after Penn's first departure from Amer- ica. But it is here only in outline, and indicates the land of "Edward Jones and Company 17 Families." Next, there is the unsatisfactory original draft of the lands included in this Welsh Tract, preserved at Harrisburg, which desig-
[50]
COMPANY NUMBER ONE
nates the land of "Edward Jones and Company, containing 2,500 acres, being 17 devisions." and then Powell's rough draft of the 2,500 acres, on the "city liberties's" line, and the Schuylkill river. Although a block of 5,000 was bought, it was told at the time to Dr. Jones, that because of the great demand for land in the Schuylkill neighborhood, by Penn's order only half of this amount could be laid out there. This, as will appear, was a cause of much dissatis- faction, as only part of purchase would be near the city, and the balance, away off in the wilds of Goshen, where the city of West Chester has grown up.
It is written on this extant draft or plot, preserved at Harrisburg, made by a deputy surveyor, David Powell, of the half of the total purchase made by Thomas & Jones, which lay on the west side of the Schuylkill, from above the Falls and up the river, that the first, or rough survey, was made by Charles Ashcom, on warrant from Mr. Powell, dated 24, 6mo. 1682, and that another rough survey was made on warrant "from ye Gov'r, date 22d 1 mo. 83."
From the Thomas & Jones deeds to each other, and from them jointly to the other parties to this purchase, comes the knowledge that the lots, of whatsoever size, when conveyed, were numbered, and only the number of a deed and the amount of acres going with it were given to the first sur- veyor, who laid them out accordingly, so the various gran- tees in this transaction had no part in selecting their land, and it was a lottery in what position, as to the others in this "company," the land would be laid out. The only stip- ulation on this point in the deeds was, it shall be "land of equal goodness with the residue, or as shall fall out by lot." This was very likely not a satisfactory arrangement, and may account for the many exchanges and sales between these lot holders soon after coming into possession, and get- ting acquainted with the quality and lay of the land.
Mr. Powell's mem. on the final and extant plot, dated ""20th of ye 3d mo, 84," says, "According to A War't from
[51]
WELSH SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
Capt Thomas Holmes, Survey'r Genrall, Bearing dat the 24th of ye 1st mo. 84, directed unto me for the Subdividing of 2,500 Acros of Land for Edward Joans & Company upon the west sid of Skoolkool above fals Contageous unto the City Liberty. I therefor Laid out and Subdivided the said quantity of Land, 25th of 1st mo. at the befor mentioned place, and unto every man by proportion as by these sevrall figure doth now at large Apeer with their bounds and courses enterd in ye sd figur by a skale of 80 perch in an inch. Da Powell."
In a general way, these 2,500 acres were bounded at first as follows: North, "Vakant Land," East "Skoolkool" river, South, "The Citty Libarty," and West, two tracts of Charles Lloyd and Thomas Lloyd, or Company No. 2.
This first draft of the sub-divisions of the "Thomas & Jones" land is here reproduced. The dimensions of the 17 lots may be given correctly, but the map certainly is not drawn to "skale of 80 perch in an inch." It has been worked out that "the areas of the several lots aggregate 2,44434. acres," which was a fairly good survey of 2,500 acres at that time, though the area by modern survey would amount to about 3,200 acres. The charges for making the first sur- vey for Dr. Jones was over £25, but he hoped "better orders will be taken shortly about" the bill, and he would not have to pay so much. But from his own account, he was lucky in getting the work done so soon after he arrived, as there were hundreds demanding surveys. To correct this first hurried survey of Mr. Ashcom, in 1682, the draft of Mr. Powell was made in 1684, naming the owner in 1682.
In all of Penn's deeds to the first Welsh companies and to other settlers, and in their deeds to their grantees, there is a safe-guarding clause that protection is guaranteed against Indian claims to the lands conveyed. This was because Penn had not yet purchased the land from the Indians as he pro- posed doing.
[52]
COMPANY NUMBER ONE
After his arrival here, in October, 1682, he began at onee to enter upon treaties with the Indian chiefs for the pur- chase of their domains, taking for granted they were the proper ones to pass the titles, so as to extinguish their rights, and make good the deeds he had issued. The boun- daries of the tracts the Indians resigned were, of course, vague, as were the original surveys made of the lands for Penn's grantees, since the stations were natural objects. As to the land bought by Thomas & Jones, and then cccupied by it, and some of the other traets beyond the Schuylkill :
1683, June 25, William Penn bought from Chief Wing- bone, whose "autograph" is extant, all his rights and claims to the land lying on the west side of the Schuylkill, begin- ning at the Lower Falls, and "up the river," and "back- ward."
1683, July 16, William Penn brought from the chiefs named Seeane and Idquoquehan, all the land lying between the Schuylkill (at Manayunk) and Chester Creek, and as far up the Schuylkill as Conshohocken Hill.
On 22 December, 1701, the minutes of the Commis- sioners of Property record that grantees of John ap Thomas and Dr. Jones traet were the first of the Welsh to have their deeds confirmed to them, when there was a possibility of losing their lands, of which elsewhere.
Those who appeared, and to whom warrants of resurvey were issued at this time, 1701-2-3, their lands being made up partly of the original purchases, and what was acquired subsequently :-
"To Hugh Roberts for 54934 acres in Goshen, 482 thereof [bought] of Jno. ap Jno's.
"To Robert Roberts and Owen Roberts 200 acres each, in Meirion.
"To Edward Reese 2051/4 aeres, in Meirion.
"To Edward Jones' Survey on 200 acres in Goshen, and a Resurvey on 1511/4 in Meirion, and 153 in Goshen.
[53]
WELSH SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
"To Edward Jones, Jun'r, 30614 acres, half in Meirion. 1/2 in Goshen.
"Robert David, 2741/4 acres in Meirion, and 2341/2 in Goshen.
"Richard Walter 100 acres in Meirion.
"Richard Rees als Jones, 1371, in Meirion, and 75 in Goshen.
"To Cadwallader Morgan 202 acres and 1/2 in Meirion.
"To John Roberts, malter, 306 acres and 1/2, 344 thereof" in Goshen, 1/4 in Meirion.
"To Hugh Jones 768 and 1/4 acres in Meirion.
"To Griffith John 194 acres.
"To Rob't William 761/4 acres in Goshen.
"To Ellis David 151 acres and 1/2.
"To Thomas Jones, Robert Jones and Cadwallader Jones,, 1225 acres, 1/2 thereof in Meirion, and 1/2 in Goshen, left them by their father, John Thomas, the original Purchaser ..
"To John Roberts, Cordwainer, of Goshen, 7814 acres; in Goshen."
Only seven of these were original grantees in the tract.
From the Commissioners' "Minutes of ye Welsh Pur- chasers," we find further as to the distribution of the land of the original contributors, and who got some of this: tract :-
Hugh Roberts had by deed, dated 28 February, 1681-2, from Thomas & Jones, 625 acres, laid out, on warrant of 1683, half in Merion and half in Goshen township. He also- by deed, 17.6.1694, bought of William Edward 761/2 acres, and by deed, 1 April, 1682, from John Watkin, 156 acres. He had in all 8421/2 acres net. He gave 200 acres out of the 625 acres to his son Robert Roberts on his second marriage, in 1689, and 200 acres out of the balance of the 625 acres and what he bought of Edwards, to his son Owen Roberts on his marriage in 1696. He also sold 100 to Edward Griffith, and 100 to Robert William, and 100 to Thomas Griffith. He further bought 156 acres "of J. Walk "
[54]
COMPANY NUMBER ONE
[John Walker'?], and sold 74 acres to Abel Thomas. Re- ported, that he had sold 7761% acres, and had only 673/4 acres remaining. The land he sold to Messrs. Edward and Thomas Griffith, and Robert William, lay in Merion town- ship, and also all but 673/4 in same place.
William Edward, who bought 1531% acres, through Thomas & Jones, with a questionable right to certain "lib- erty land," sold 76 acres, as above, and 76 acres in Goshen township, to Robert William.
Edward Rees had deed, 1.2mo. 1682, from Thomas & Jones, for 15612 acres, plus, as supposed, some "liberty land." He sold 76 acres in Goshen township to Ellis David. Of the balance, 7814 acres and 125 acres he bought from Thomas Lloyd, being out of the purchase of Charles Lloyd and Margaret Davies, and two acres from Dr. Jones, all 2051/4 acres located in Merion township.
Edward Jones, the doctor, as above, took for himself only 3121/2 acres, which came out only 3061/4 acres on survey. He sold two acres as above and had 1511/4 acres left in Merion, and 153 acres in Goshen township. Later, he bought 200 acres in Goshen from Richard Thomas.
Edward Owen, by deed 1 April, 1682, bought through Thomas & Jones, 3121% acres. By deed, 1.1.1694-5, he sold 150 acres in Merion to Robert David, all he had there. The balance of his land lay in Goshen township.
John ap Edward, by deed 18.1.1681-2, from Thomas & Jones had 3121/2 acres; half was located in Merion, and rest in Goshen township. His son, Edward Jones, inherited all in 1686-7.
Robert David, by deed 18.1.1681, from Thomas & Jones, received 3121% acres, located half in Merion, half in Goshen. He sold, by deed 1.10mo. 1694, 25 acres of his Merion place to Richard Walter, and had remaining 281 acres, to which he added 15614 acres, bought, by deed 18.5.1683, of Evan Rees. He also had 150 acres from Griffith Owen. After deductions and allowances and additions and sales, he had
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