USA > Pennsylvania > Welsh settlement of Pennsylvania > Part 20
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2 .- EDMUND, Earl of Kent, who m. Lady Margaret, daughter of John, Lord Wake, and had,
3 .-- LADY JOAN PLANTAGENET, the Fair Maid of Kent, (who was the mother of King Richard II., by her third hus-
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GENEALOGICAL DATA
band, Edward the Black Prince), m. secondly, Sir Thomas de Holand, K.G., Earl of Kent, captain-general of Brittany, France and Normandy, and had,
4 .- SIR THOMAS DE HOLAND, K.G., second Earl of Kent, earl marshal of England, who m. Lady Alice, daughter of Sir Richard Fitzalan, K.G., Earl of Arundel and Surrey, d. 1357, and had,
5 .- LADY ALIANORE DE HOLAND, widow of Roger, Earl of March, who m. secondly, Sir Edward de Cherleton, K.G., fourth Lord Cherleton, of Powys castle, d. 1420, and had,
6 .- LADY TOAN DE CHERLETON, who m. Sir John de Grey, K.G., created in 1418, Earl of Tancarville, killed at battle of Baugy Bridge, 1420, and had,
7 .- SIR HENRY DE GREY, second Earl of Tancarville, d. 1449, who m. Lady Antigone, daughter of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, regent of France, and had,
8 .- LADY ELIZABETH DE GREY, who m. Sir Roger Kynas- ton, d. 1517, and had,
9 .- HUMPHREY KYNASTON, of Morton, Salop, d. 1534, who m. Elizabeth, daughter of Meredith ap Howell, of Llansilin, Denbi: hshire, and had,
10 .- MARGARET KYNASTON, who m. John Lloyd Wynn, of Dyffryn, (son of Evan Lloyd, of Dolobran), and had,
11 .- HUMPHREY JOHN LLOYD, of Dyffryn, whose daugh- ter,
12 .- KATHERINE LLOYD, m. John Lloyd, of Coediowrid, 1575-164-, a magistrate at Dolobran, also of Royal Descent, and had.
13 .- CHARLES LLOYD, 1613-1657, of Dolobran Hall, Mei- fod parish, Montgomeryshire, a magistrate, who m. Eliza- beth, daughter of Thomas, son of Sir Stanley, Knt., of Knockyn, in Salop, and had,
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WELSHI SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
14 .- CHARLES LLOYD, of Dolobran Hall, and Dep. Gov. Thomas Lloyd," the Welsh Tract land owners.
Martha Awbrey, who came over with the family of John Bevan, "being engaged to be married to one Rees Thomas, who had gone to Pensylvania," and married him at the Haverford Meeting, 18 April, 1692, was also one of the early settlers of Merion, who had a remarkable pedigree, as follows,
1 .- GRUFFYDD AP CYNAN, KING OF NORTH WALES, d. 1136, had a daughter,
2 .- LADY GWENLLIAN, sister of Owen, Prince of Wales, who m. Rhys ap Tewdwr, Prince of South Wales, and had,
*Some of the prominent descendants of Deputy Governor Thomas Lloyd: Mrs. George Emlen, Jr., Miss Ellen Emlen, Mrs. Richard Vaux, Thomas Wister, M.D., Mrs. Travis Cochran, Mrs. Richard Willing, Mrs. Richard H. Reeve, Mrs. Benjamin C. Reeve, Mrs. Augus- tus W. Durkee, Samuel B. Wheeler, Edward Shippen Willing, Countess Emily de Ganay, Mrs. Alexander C. Fergusson, Mrs. Charles C. Harri- son, Mrs. S. Bowman Wheeler, Frank L. Neall, Clement A. Griscom, Countess Ellen van Cuelebroeck, Mrs. Stiles Huber, Preston Carpenter, Mrs. Andrew Wheeler, Mrs. Charles E. Noblit, Mrs. John Jacob Astor, Hon. Lloyd C. Griscom, Mrs. Charles F. Hulse, Mrs. Malcolm Lloyd, Mrs. Robert B. Haines, Henry H. Collins, Jr., Richard M. Gummere, Mrs. Philip Trapnill Allin, Woodruff Jones, Mrs. James S. Merritt, Mrs. Frank N. Hickok, Henry Morris, M.D., William Morris Collins, Mrs. Ludwig Wilhelmi, Edward Hacker, Mrs. Thomas S. K. Morton, Mrs. Henry Carey Baird, Mrs. Charles J. Churchman, Mrs. John B. Bispham, Charles Ellet, John Jay Smith, Samuel Rhoads, M.D., Mrs. Philip B. Chase, Benj. Raper Smith, Mrs. James B. Morson, Adm. Louis M. Goldsborough, Henry Ewing Pope, William J. Wainwright, Mrs. Wil- liam H. Gardiner, Robert H. McClenachan, Mrs. Edward K. Rowland, Mrs. James A. Lowell, Mrs. Burnet Landreth, Jr., Mrs. Levi Morris, Mrs. Charles E. Smith, Rt. Rev. Benj. W. Morris, Mrs. William J. Hardy, Jr., Mrs. John Lowell, Jr., Mrs. Walter Abbott Wood, Mrs. Jacob Shoemaker Waln, Edward Waln, Mrs. Richard B. Jackson, Mrs. Na- thaniel Burwell Marshall, Isaac Norris, Charles Perrin Smith, Mrs. Charles Wilson Peale, Mrs. C. Emory McMichael, Mrs. Tench Francis Joseph Parker Norris, Daniel Clark Wharton.
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GENEALOGICAL DATA
3 .- LADY ELIZABETHI, who m. Edmund, feudal lord of Cay- rowe, and had,
4 .- SIR EDGAR DE CAREW, lord of Cayrowe, who had,
5 .- JOHN DE CAREW, feudal lord of Carew, whose daugh- ter,
6 .~ ANNE DE CAREW (also called Nesta), m. Thomas Aw- brey, son of William Awbrey, of Aberkynfrig and Slough, in Brecknockshire, and had,
7 .- THOMAS AWBREY, of Aberkynfrig, constable, and ranger of the forest of Brecon. He m. Johan, daughter of Trahaerne ap Einion, lord of Comond, and had,
8 .- THOMAS AWBREY-GOCII, of Aberkynfrig, who m. Nesta, daughter of Owen Gethyn, of Glyn Taway, and had,
9 .- RICHARD AWBREY, of Aberkynfrig, who m. Creislie, daughter of Philip ap Elidor ("Phe ab Elerd"), and had,
10 .- GWALTER AWBREY, of Aberkynfrig, second son. He m. Johan, daughter and co-heiress of Rees Morgan, of Llan- gadog, Carmarthenshire,* and had,
11 .- MORGAN AWBREY, of Aberkynfrig, who m. Alice, daughter of Gwatkin Thomas ap David Lloyd, and had,
12 .- JENKIN AWBREY, of Aberkynfrig, who m. Gwenllian, daughter of Owain ap Griffith, of Tal y Llyn, and had,
13 .- HOPKIN AWBREY, of Aberkynfrig, who m. Anne, daughter of John ap Griffith, of Gwyn, and had,
*His pedigree (see Libscome's "Buckinghamshire," vol. I. p. 67) compiled in 1681, was as follows:
ALFRED, KING OF DUBLIN, m. Lady Eva, daughter of Dermot, King of Leinster, and had,
SUTTRICK, King of Dublin, who m. Lady Nesta, daughter of Theo- dore-mawr, Prince of South Wales, and had,
IDEO WYLLT, Lord of Clwye, in Brecon, who came out of Ireland into Wales with a band of soldiers to the assistance of Rees ap Theodore against the Normans." He m. Eleanore, daughter of Drympenog, lord of Cantre Seliffe, and had,
"CADWGAN HEN, Esq., descended from Ideo," whose son,
"GRIFFITH AP CADWGAN, lord of Llangadog, Esq.," had, CADWGAN- GOCII, who had, HOWEL-COCH, who had, EINION, who had, MORGAN, father of REES MORGAN, foresaid.
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WELSH SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
14 .- WILLIAM AWBREY, of Aberkynfrig, d. 27 June, 1547. He had by his second wife, Jane, widow of Thomas Lloyd, and daughter of Sir Richard Herbert, feudal lord of Mont- gomery castle, a gentleman usher to Henry VIII., by his second wife, Jane, daughter of Gwilim ap Rees Philip, of Llwyn-howell,
15 .- RICHARD AWBREY, of Aberkynfrig, eldest son and heir, d. 1580, after selling his paternal estate. He m. Mar- garet, daughter of Thomas Gunter, of Gileston or Gillston, and had,
16 .- RICHARD AWBREY, of Llanelyw, Brecknockshire. He was buried in the parish church 25 Sep. 1646, with an in- scribed monument. He m. Anne, daughter of William Vaughan, of Llanelyw, and had,
17 .- THOMAS AWBREY, of Llanelyw parish, third son, whose son,
18 .- WILLIAM AWBREY, of Llanelyw parish, d. 16 Dec. 1716, aged 90 years, and was buried with his ancestors in the parish church, under an inscribed stone. He m. in 1646, his cousin, Elizabeth, daughter of William, eldest son of Richard Awbrey, d. 1646, aforesaid, and succeeded to the farms in Llanelyw. Their daughter,
19 .- MARTHA AWBREY, b. 166-, became a Quaker, and m. 18 June 1692, at the Haverford Meeting, Rees Thomas, who became a J. P. and member of the Pensylvania assembly, will proved 12 Feb. 1742-3. Issue .*
Rowland Ellis, of "Bryn Mawr," in the Welsh tract, be- sides having the Royal line given in another page, had also further remarkably distinguished ancestry, as follows, be- ing descended from Lady Mary Kynston, a sister of Hum- phrey Kynaston, the ancestor of Dep. Gov. Thomas Lloyd.
*Among their prominent descendants are Mrs. Charles Richard- son, Mrs. George B. Roberts, Mrs. Henry K. Dillard, Miss Mary Wil- liam Perot, Mrs. Nathan Brooke, Hunter Brooke, Jr., Mrs. George H. Colket, William Thomas Brooke, Mrs. J. Howard Lewis, Jr., Hugh Jones Brooke, and Mrs. Harrison Koons Caner.
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GENEALOGICAL DATA
1 .- EDWARD I., KING OF ENGLAND, had by his first wife, Princess Eleanor, daughter of FERDINAND III., KING OF CASTILE AND LEON,
2 .- LADY JOAN OF ACRE, who m. first, his second wife, Gilbert de Clare, Earl of IIertford and Gloucester, and had,
3 .- LADY MARGARET DE CLARE, who m. secondly, IIugh, second Baron D'Audley, created in 1337, Earl of Gloucester, and had,
4 .- LADY MARGARET D'AUDLEY, who m. Sir Ralph, second Baron Stafford, K.( ., created in 1351, Earl of Stafford, and had,
5 .- LADY JOAN DE STAFFORD, who m. John, second Baron Cherleton, of Powys Castle, chamberlain to Edward III., (see Jones' "Fendal Barons of Powys"), and had,
6 .- SIR EDWARD DE CHERLETON, K.G., fourth Baron Cherleton, of Powys castle, who m. Lady Alianor, daugh- ter of Sir Thomas de Holand, K.G., second Earl of Kent, earl marshal, also of Royal Descent, and had,
7 .- LADY JOANE DE CHERLETON, who m. Sir John de Grey, K.G., created in 1418, Earl of Tankerville, killed 22 March, 1420, also of Royal Descent, and had,
8 .- SIR HENRY DE GREY, second Earl of Tankerville, d. 1449, who m. Lady Antigone, daughter of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, regent of France, and had by her,
9 .- LADY ELIZABETH DE GREY, who m. Sir Roger Kynas- ton, d. 1517, also of Royal Descent, and had,
10 .- LADY MARY KYNASTON, who m. Howell ap Ievan, of Gnya y Maen-gwyn, and had,
11 .- HUMPHREY HOWELL, who m. Lady Anne, daughter of Sir Richard Herbert, of Colebrook, and had,
12 .- JANE HUMPHREY, who m. Griffith ap Howell, of Nannau, in Merionethshire, 1541 (see Dwnn's "Visitations of Wales," II. p. 226), a descendant of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, a prince of Powys, and had,
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WELSH SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
13 .- JOHN GRIFFITH, of Nannau, second son, who m. Elizabeth, daughter of David Lloyd, of Trawsfynedd, or Tawrynydd, and had,
14 .- LEWIS JOIIN GRIFFITH, of Dyffrydan tp., Merioneth- shire, who m. Ellen, daughter of Howell Griffith, and had, Owen Lewis,* and
15 .- REES LEWIS, who m. Catherine, daughter of Elisha ap David Owen, and had,
16 .- ELLIS AP REES LEWIS, or Ellis Price, of Bryn Mawr, Merionethshire, 1649, who m. Anne Humphrey, daughter of Humphrey Hugh Howell, and his wife, Elizabeth Powell, also of Roval Descent, (as in another page), and had,
17 .- ROWLAND ELLIS, of "Bryn Mawr," in the Welsh Tract, d. 1729. Issue.
As members of the Foulke family, Welsh Quakers, which settled in Gwynedd Tp., intermarried with several Merion families, its pedigree is of interest here. To a certain point it is the same as those ( " Rowland Ellis, Gov. Thomas Lloyd, and Edward Rees, Hananh, wife of Rees Jones, and Jane, wife of Cadwallader Morgan, and is as follows:
1 .- EDWARI. I., KING OF ENGLAND, had by the Princess Eleanor, of Castile,
2 .- LADY JOAN, who m. first, Gilbert, Earl of Hertford, and had,
3 .- LADY MARGARET DE CLARE, who m. Hugh, Earl of Gloucester, and ad,
*OWEN LEWIS, m. Mary, daughter of Tudor-vaughn, of Caer y Nwch, in Merionethshire, and had,
ROBERT AP OWEN LEWIS, who m. Margaret, daughter of John ap Lewis, and had,
LEWIS ROBERT OWEN, who had by his wife, Mary, family unknown,
ELLIS LEWIS, who removed into Ireland, and came to Pensylvania, bringing certificate from the Friends' Meeting at Mt. Mellick, in Queen's Co., dated 25 May, 1708. He settled in Kennett tp., Chester Co., Pa., where he d. 31 Aug. 1750, his will proved 29 Oct. following. He m. first, in 1713, at the Concord Mo. Mtg., Elizabeth Newlin, and had issue.
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GENEALOGICAL DATA
4 .- LADY MARGARET D'AUDLEY, who m. Ralph, Earl of Stafford, and had,
5 .- LADY JOAN DE STAFFORD, who m. John, 2d Lord Cherleton, and had,
6 .- LADY JOAN DE CHERLETON, who m. John, sixth Baron Le Strange, of Knockyn Castle, also of Royal Descent, d. 1397, (see Lloyd's History of Powys Fadog, vol. IV., 48), and had,
7 .- LADY ELIZABETH LE STRANGE, who m. Gruffydd ap. Madoc Vychan, third feudal Baron of Glyndyfrdwy, and lord of Rhuddalt, (see Burke's "Royal Families," vol. II, fo. LXI), and had,
8 .- LADY ISABEL GRIFFITH, who m. Goronway ap Gruffyth Madoc, and had,
9 .- TUDOR, feudal lord of Penllyn, who had,
10 .- HOWEL TUDOR, whose son,
11 .- DAVID-LLWYD TUDOR had,
12 .- LADY GWENIIWYFAR TUDOR, who m. David ap Ievan- vychan, of Llanuwelllyn, in Penllyn, descended from the feudal Barons of Penllyn, (see Dwnn's Visitations of Wales), and had,
13 .- DAVID-LLWYD, who m. Lowry, daughter of Howel- vaughan, and had,
14 .- ROBERT-LLWYD, of Gwerny Brechtwyn, who m. Mary, daughter of Reinaullt, of Branas Uchaf, and had,
15 .- THOMAS ROBERT-LLWYD, 1520-1612, of Nant y Friar, or Nanfreur, in Penllyn, Merioneth, buried in the parish church of Llandderfel, 21 May, 1612. He m. Catherine, daughter of Robert Griffith Evan-goch, who was descended from Ievan-goch, of Cwm Penaner, Denbigh, an ancestor of John Cadwalader, the Philadelphia school teacher, and of John ap Thomas, of "Company No. 1" (see Dwnn's Visita- tions of Wales, 1585-1603), and had Mary, wife of Richard, of Tyddyn Tyfod, and
16 .- EVAN AP THOMAS LLOYD, 1555-1640, buried at the Llanderfol church. He m. Dorothea Evans, buried with her husband, in Feb. 1619, and had,
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WELSHI SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
17 .- THOMAS EVAN LLOYD, high sheriff of Merioneth- shire, 1623, d. Nov. 1619; m. Catherine, daughter of Wil- liam David, of Llanderfel, and had,
18 .- FFOULKE AP THOMAS LLOYD, bapt. at Llanderfol, 14 April, 1623; m. Lowry, daughter of Edward David Ellis, of Llanvor, Merioneth, and had (sce Jenkins's History of Gwynedd),
19 .- EDWARD FOULKE, 1651-1741, he removed from Coed y Foel, 2 Feb. 1698, to a tract of 700 acres of land which he had bought in Gwynedd tp., Philadelphia county, with his family. He m. Eleanor or Ellin Ilughs, (also of Royal Descent, as below), daughter of Hugh Cadwallader Rhys, of Yspytty, or Spytu parish, Denbighshire, and had by her, who d. in 1733, nine children .*
1 .- JOHN, KING OF ENGLAND, had by his second wife, Queen Isabella,
2 .- LADY ELEANOR PLANTAGENET, who m. secondly, Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, and had,
3 .- LADY ELEANOR DE MONTFORT, who m. Llewellyn Gryffyth, the last sovereign Prince of Wales, 1232, and had,
4 .- LADY CATHERINE, who m. Philip Ivor, lord of Iscoed, and had,
5 .- Lady Eleanor, who m. Thomas Llewellyn, of Trefgar- ned, and had,
6 .- LADY ELEANOR, who m. Gryffyth Vychan, lord of Glyndyfrdwy, and had,
7 .- LOWRY VAUGHAN, sister to the celebrated Owen Glen- dower. She m. Robert Pyllesdon, or Puleston, lord of Emral manor, Caernarvonshire, and had,
*Among the prominent descendants of Edward Foulke are Ed- ward Jeanes Foulke, Howard M. Jenkins, Frank Foulke, Charles Francis Jenkins, Richard Foulke Beirne, Warren M. Stansbury, James Cresson, Thomas Corson Yocum, Mrs. Jawood Lukens, Mrs. Howard Comfort, Mrs. Robert R. Corson, Geo. Rhyfedd Foulk, Wm. Parker Foulke, Mrs. Henry Carvill Lewis, J. Roberts Foulke, Linford Foulke, Mrs. Richard H. Day, Richard C. Foulke, M.D., Allen Childs, Jacob Sperry Willing, and John M. Whitall, Jr.
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GENEALOGICAL DATA
8 .- JOIIN PULESTON, of Emral, heir, who m. Angharad, dau. of Griffith de Hanmer, and had,
9 .- MARGARET PULESTON, (see Dwnn's Visitations of Wales), who m. David Ievan ap Einion, of Cryniarth, con- stable of Harlech Castle, in 1468, and had,
10 .- ANGIIARAD DAVID (sister to Einion David, of Cry- niarth, in Edermon, mentioned above), who m. Gwilym ap Gruffydd Robert, of Coch Willym, high sheriff of Caernar- vonshire, and had,
11 .- GWENLLIAN WILLIAM, who m. David ap Meredydd (or Meredith) ap Howel, of Bala, Merionthshire, and had,
12 .- HOWEL LLOYD DAVID, of Bala, m. Mallt vch. Howell Tychan, of Llnyaiarth, Montgomeryshire, and had,
13 .- THOMAS GETHIN HOWEL, of y Danyfaen, Denbig- shire, m. Catherine v. David ap Ievan, of same place, and had,
14 .- MARGARET THOMAS, who m. Hugh Thomas ap David, of Cae Fadog, Ciltalgarth tp., Llanfor par., Merionth, and had,
15 .- WILLIAM HUGH, of Cae Fadog, d. before 1627-8, His son,
16 .- ELLIS AP WILLIAM, or Ellis Williams, d. at Cae Fa- dog, where his personal estate was inventoried, and admin- istered, 26 Feb. 1645, by Margaret John, his relict, at St. Asaph Registry. Of his children :--*
*An extant memorandum, made about 174-, which is copied into the . cords of the Haverford Mo. Mtg., says, "Ellis Williams of Cai- fadog had four Daughters, viz: Margaret, Douse, Givenn, and Ellin. The said Ellin married John Morris of Brin Gwin in Denbigshire, by her had one Daughter named Ellin who married Cadwalader ab Evan late of Gwynedd deceased," (he d. in 1745). "Givenn (another Daughter of the said Ellis Williams) had 3 children who came to Pensilvania," as given above. And also: "Evan Robert Lewis was an honest, sober man, lived in Fron Goch, [p. 155], he had five sons, viz: 1. John ab Evan, 2. Cadw'r, 3. Owen ab Evan, 4. Griffith ab Evan, and 5, Evan ab Evan. The first John ab Evan had 3 Sons & thr( daughters by his first wife."
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WELSH SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
1 .- ELLIN WILLIAMS, 2. John Morris, of Bryn Gwyn, Denbigh, and had,
ELLIN MO RIS, m. Cadwalader Evans, 1664-1745, re- moved to Gwynedd tp., in 1698, elsewhere mentioned.
2 .- GWEN WILLIAMS, m. Hugh Cadwalader Rhys, of Yspytty parish, Denbigh, alive in Dec. 1688, and had,
I .- JANE HUGHIS, m. William John, who removed to Gwy- nedd tp., in 1698, a son of John Evan, of Penmaen.
II .- JOIIN AP HUGH, or John Pugh, removed to Gwynedd tp., m. and had Ellis Pugh, of Gwynedd.
III .- ELLIN HUGHIS, d. 1733, who m. Edward ffoulke, 1651-1741; to Gwynedd tp., in 1698, also of Royal Descent, as above. One of their children, Jane Foulke, d. Smo. 7. 1766; m. 4mo. 5, 1718, Ellis Hughs, 1688-1764, of Exeter, Pa., and had, William Hughs, of Exeter, 1716-1760, from who) i descends Mrs. Walter D. Mansfield, of San Francisco, see Browning's "Colonial Dames of Royal Descent," p. 389.
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EARLY DAYS IN THE WELSH TRACT
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FRIENDS GOING TO MONTHLY MEETING.
ANNALS OF WELSH SETTLERS
Having seen the Welsh Quakers put in possession of their land purchases ir their tract beyond the Schuylkill, and the settlements begun, we will now listen to the stories of some of them, as told in letters by themselves, or by their grandchildren, or Pensylvania annalists, of their ex- periences in early days here, and learn something of their habits, and environments in the time of the beginning of the city, and of the Commonwealth.
As to these first comers, it was Proud's opinion, and his opinion applies as well to the Welsh as the English, "they appear to have been provident and cautious in their re- moval, so that rashness and inconsideration, so common in new attempts of this kind, was not for the most part much observable among them. Many of them brought servants, and had provided themselves with food and raiment for such a space of time after their arrival as it might reasonably be supposed their care and industry would afterwards pro- cure necessary subsistence in the province, besides sufficient quantities of household furniture, utensils, implements and tools." And "notwithstanding the precaution, which many of these adventurers had used, in bringing provisions and other necessaries with them, for a certain time, yet it cannot be reasonably supposed that the arrival of such a large num- ber of persons, in a wilderness, within the space of two or three years, would not necessarily be attended with incon- veniencies and difficulties," and then tells of cases of suffer- ing. "Besides," he continues, "these adventurers were not all young persons, and able to endure the difficulties and hardships which are mostly unavoidable in subduing a wil- derness, nor as equally regardless of convenient accommoda- tions as young, healthy, and strong men, accustomed to
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WELSH SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
labour and disappointment, but there were among them persons advanced in years, with women and children, and such as, in their native country, had lived well, and en- joyed case and plenty."
"Their first business, after their arrival," says Proud, writing out, in 1797, the annals descended to him from Caleb Pusey, the "Governor's miller," whose recollections easily went 1: ck to 1681-2, and applied to the Welsh, as well as the English, "was to land their property, and put it under such shelter as could be found; then, while some of them got warrants of survey, for taking up so much land as was sufficient for immediate settling, others went diversely fur- ther into the woods to different places, where their lands were laid out, often without any path or road to direct them, for scarce any were to be found above two miles from the water side [Delaware], not so much as any mark, or sign of any European having been there. As to the Indians, they seldomed travelled so regularly as to be traced, or followed by foot-steps, except, perhaps, from one of their towns to another. [This statement contradicts many 'old Indian path' claims in the Welsh tract]. So that all the country, further than about two miles distant from the river [Dela- ware] was an entire wilderness, producing nothing for sup- port of human life, but the wild fruits and animals of the woods." Yet there must have been some cleared grounds across the Schuylkill, since there are mentions of "old In- dian fields" in land records, and these Penn particularly claimed for himself.
"The lodgings of some of these settlers were at first in the woods. A chosen tree was frequently all the shelter they had against the inclemency of the weather. The next cover- ings of many of them were either caves in the earth, or such huts as could be most expeditiously procured. [havod- un-nos, as the Welsh term them], till better houses were built, the Welsh hendree, the stone house, in a hill-sheltered spot, near a good spring of water], for which they had no want of timber." The finest log cabins were built of barked,
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SETTLERS' EXPERIENCES
and hewn logs of equal thickness, with stairs, or a ladder on the outside to reach the upper chamber, the first floor was pounded earth, as was the floor :: of all the early meeting houses. "The appearance of a wild and woody desert, with which they had now to encounter, among savages, must have created in them very sensible ideas, and made strong impressions, at first, on their minds. That likewise the con- sideration of the long and painful labour, and inevitable disappointments and hardships, which are naturally insep- arable from such undertakings, and for a series of years must necessarily be endured, before a comfortable subsist- ence could be procured in a country, and a sufficient portion of land brought into proper order for that purpose, must undoubtedly have been very affecting to a thoughtful peo- ple, in this new, remote, and solitary situation." "These first comers, after their arrival, soon cleared land enough to make way for a crop of Indian corn, in the succeeding spring, and in a year or two, they began upon wheat, and other grain. Thus they went on improving till they got into a comfortable way of living."
While not a Welsh. an, "The Testimony of Richard Town- send, showing the providential hand of God, to him and others, from the first settlement of Pennsylvania," is not without interest in this connection. He relates, that having settled his business in London, where he dwelt, he and his wife and child embarked with William Penn, on the "Wel- come," "about the latter end of the Sixth-month," 1682. After referring to the passage as "properous," during which nearly every passenger had the smallpox, and thirty died, as others recovered, they landed and "found the New World a wilderness, and the chief inhabitants Indians," and some Swedes, "who received us in a friendly manner, though there was a great number of us. The good hand of Provi- dence was seen in a particular manner, in that provisions were found for us by the Swedes and Indians, at very rea- sonable rates. Our first concern was to keep up and main-
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WELSH SETTLEMENT OF PENSYLVANIA
tain our religious worship, and, in order thereunto we had several meetings in the houses of the inhabitants, and one boarded meeting-house was set up [Oct. 1681] where the city was to be, near Delaware, and after our meeting was over, we assisted each other in building little houses for our shelter. After a time, I set up a mill [belonging to Penn's milling company] on Chester Creek, which I brought ready framed from London, which served for grinding corn, and sawing of boards, and was of great use to us. There not being plenty of horses, people generally brought their corn on their backs many miles." This was when the Welsh Friends were forbidden by Penn to have mills of their own, convenient to their homes.
As there were always a considerable number of Welsh in Phil delphia, it may be presumed that some abandoned their country lots, or sold them, and removed to the "city," and that there were others who never got into the country, being tradespeople, and not farmers. The city life was be- coming attractive, for the town grew rapidly. In 1683, Wil- liam Penn wrote, "from my arrival in 1682, to date hereof, being ten months, we got up four score houses at our town, from that time to my coming away, which was a year, within a few weeks, the town advanced to 357 houses, divers of them large, well built, with good cellars, three stories, and some balconies." John Goodson, 24, 6mo. 1690, telling of Philadelphia, wrote, "They build all with stone and brick now. Except the very meanest sorts of people, which build framed houses with timber and fetheredge-boards without side, two stories high." And there were seven "ordinaries" or taverns, in the town, as early as in 1683. Davis's Queen's Head tavern in Water Street, being the meeting place of the non-Quaker Welsh in town, where they had religious services in the Welsh tongue. In 1685, Robert Turner wrote of the town, "There are about 600 houses [put up] in three years' time." And Logan wrote, 2, 6mo. 1684, that 800 Friends attended the Philadelphia meeting.
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