USA > Tennessee > Bedford County > History of Tennessee, from the earliest time to the present; together with an historical and a biographical sketch of Maury, Williamson, Rutherford, Wilson, Bedford and Marshall counties, besides a valuable fund of notes, reminiscences, observations, etc., etc, Vol.2 > Part 21
USA > Tennessee > Marshall County > History of Tennessee, from the earliest time to the present; together with an historical and a biographical sketch of Maury, Williamson, Rutherford, Wilson, Bedford and Marshall counties, besides a valuable fund of notes, reminiscences, observations, etc., etc, Vol.2 > Part 21
USA > Tennessee > Wilson County > History of Tennessee, from the earliest time to the present; together with an historical and a biographical sketch of Maury, Williamson, Rutherford, Wilson, Bedford and Marshall counties, besides a valuable fund of notes, reminiscences, observations, etc., etc, Vol.2 > Part 21
USA > Tennessee > Maury County > History of Tennessee, from the earliest time to the present; together with an historical and a biographical sketch of Maury, Williamson, Rutherford, Wilson, Bedford and Marshall counties, besides a valuable fund of notes, reminiscences, observations, etc., etc, Vol.2 > Part 21
USA > Tennessee > Williamson County > History of Tennessee, from the earliest time to the present; together with an historical and a biographical sketch of Maury, Williamson, Rutherford, Wilson, Bedford and Marshall counties, besides a valuable fund of notes, reminiscences, observations, etc., etc, Vol.2 > Part 21
USA > Tennessee > Rutherford County > History of Tennessee, from the earliest time to the present; together with an historical and a biographical sketch of Maury, Williamson, Rutherford, Wilson, Bedford and Marshall counties, besides a valuable fund of notes, reminiscences, observations, etc., etc, Vol.2 > Part 21
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It is believed that Spring Hill Academy was in operation before the Manual of Labor Academy or Jackson College; in fact it is claimed the latter succeeded the former. . 1 successful school had been conducted by Dr. Harbin and Prof. Williford at Spring Hill be- fore this time. It is a matter of record that Henry Wade made a deed of two acres of land to Henry Pointer, Henry L. Crutcher, J. W. Cheairs, M. D. Thompson aud Henry Wade, as trustees of Spring Hill Female Academy on February 17, 1839.
On the sale of the lands of Jackson College, or the Manual of Labor Academy, the
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original purchase of eleven and three-fourth acres was retained and a school continued as Union Seminary. September 14, 1840, an additional purchase was made by the trustees of Union Seminary of fifty-three acres of P. H. Junkins, Robert Campbell and J. C. Mitchell. Union Seminary continued as a prosperous school for many years. Dr. Har- din, the president of Union Seminary, resigned in 1840, and was succeeded by R. C. Gar- rison. The other teachers were J. H. and G. H. Blair.
Jackson College was formerly called the Manual of Labor Academy. On November 11, 1830, James T. Sanders made a deed of eleven and three-fourths acres of land for $297.65 to John Brown, Obediah Jennings. Ephraim W. Foster, James T. Sandford. Phillip Lindsley, Newton Cannon, James W. Brooks, Duncan Brown, William L. Wilford, Robert Hardin, G. M. Martin, Thomas J. Hall, Samuel J. Calvert, Hugh Brown, John Allen. Mathew Rhea, Hugh Barr, D. A. Smith, John White, John Hall, Amzi Bradshaw, Robert M. Ewing, George Newton, Daniel Gilchrist, James M. Linn, John Glass, George W. Ashbridge, James Ellet, Ebenezer McEwin, Alexander Campbell, David Wier, Thomas Lynch, Edward Ward. James Campbell, Benjamin Carter, Benjamin Mccullough, W. J. Frierson, Thomas Brown, William Leach and Moses Stephens as trustees of said institu- tion. This was chartered by an act of the General Assembly on November 16, 1829, and October 28, 1833, a purchase of 268 acres of land was made on Rutherford Creek for $3,874. The location not suiting the trustees, they sold 256} acres of the land for $5,386 to P. H. and B. W. Junkins. The sale was made on May 8, 1836, and the college moved to Columbia and was afterward known as Jackson College. The new college was'opened in 1837. near the railroad, and continued in operation till broken up by the war. The building was destroyed by fire in 1863, and has never been rebuilt, and the grounds have been sold and private residences erected thereon.
The presidents of Jackson College in order were Benjamin Larabee, Dr. Sherman, Dr. Mack, B. Ragsdale, Joseph Crawford, Dr. Mack (a second time) and Benjamin F. Mitchell. Among the prominent professors may be mentioned James O. Griffin, David Maxwell. Dr. C. N. Ordway, McClary Blair, S. W. Mitchell and O. H. P. Bennett; the latter occupied the chair of mathematics. In 1848 Jackson College passed into the hands of the Masonic bodies of the county, and was managed by them, i. e., Lafayette Chapter, No. 4; Columbia Lodge, No. 31: Benton Lodge, No. 111; Pleasant Grove Lodge, No. 138; Spring Hill Lodge, No. 124; Mount Pleasant Lodge, No. 51, and St. James Lodge, No. 105. The following was the board of trustees: W. R. Hedge, R. Smith, W. F. Moore, W. Galloway, J. O. Church, Edmund Dillahunty. Nathan Wright, J. S. Campbell, A. M. Hughes, Hugh Forgey, S. C. Newell. J. N. Bills, A. J. Boyd, Nathaniel F. Cheairs, James O. Potter, J. O. Griffith, William J. Hunter, W. W. Coleman and W. W. Jassey.
The Columbia Female Institute was begun in 1835, but did not become a chartered institution till in February, 1836. The building and the early success of this institute is due largely to the Rev. Franklin G. Smith and bis estimable wife. Dr. Smith came to Columbia from Lynchburg. Va., and began at once to devote his energies to the up build- ing of the institute. The buildings were erected in 1837-38, and were designed and cou- structed by Messrs. Drummond & Lutterloh, and are a model of architectural beauty and skill to this day. The institute stands on a four-acre lot, and is 120 feet front with high tur- rets. The grounds contain fine old forest trees, and are well set in blue grass. Some very fine statuary adorn the front yard of the building. The buildings are owned and controlled by the Episcopal Church of Tennessee. Soon after its erection it took a high position among educational institutions of the country. In 1838 the Rt. Rev. Leonidas Polk, D. D., was its president. Evans Young, S. D. Frierson, James Walker, G. S. Skipwith, Hillary Langtry, Patrick McGuire, Lucius J. Polk, Adlai O. Harru and P. R. Booker were trustees, and Rt. Rev. James H. Otey, visitor. The institute continued under the immediate con- trol of Rector Smith, who managed both its educational and financial affairs till 1852, when a difficulty arose, which caused the resignation of Rector Smith. He immediately began the Atheneum as a private enterprise. The institute is still in a flourishing condi- tion, and has a large patronage from abroad, particularly from Mississippi and Louisiana.
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In the last two decades the Rev. George Beckett has been at the head of this institute. He formerly had control of a female school in Kentucky. There is an excellent corps of teachers in all the departments of the institute. The course embraces all that is usually taught in an institute of its kind.
The Columbia Atheneum was founded by the Rev. Franklin G. Smith immediately after his separation from the institute. The name and fame of Dr. Smith was sufficient guaranty for the success of the Atheneum notwithstanding the embarrassing circumstances surrounding its beginning. The school has had an uninterrupted course since its founda- tion, even the ravages of war and wantonness of the soldiery were not sufficient to close its doors. Mrs. Smith for a time taught a few pupils alone, and thus prevented the appropria- tion of the buildings for hospital or other military purposes. The school was conducted by Rector Smith till his death in 1866 and then by his widow till 1871, when at her death the Atheneum fell into the hands of their sons Capt. Robert D. Smith, Dr. William A. Smith and Prof. Frank H. Smith. The former is its business manager. The present manage- ment began under very trying circumstances, but by energy and skill the Atheneum is in a very flourishing condition. The principal buildings are the Atheneum proper, the Davis Hall, Orient and Rectory. These buildings are surrounded by a lot of twenty two acres of beautiful lands covered with forest trees and well set in grasses. The school is divided into these departments: the pestalozzian or primary (one grade). the junior (four grades), and the senior. The senior is divided into twelve schools as follows: 1, The school of ancient languages and literature. 2, The school of modern languages, including the German, Italian, Spanish, and Anglo-Saxon and their literature. 3, The school of modern philosophy. 4, The school of civil history. 5, The school of general literature. 6, The school of elocution. î, The school of English. S, The school of mathematics. 9, The school of natural philosophy and chemistry. 10, The school of natural history. 11, The school of music, embracing instrumental, vocal and harmony. 12, The school of art. The discipline and management seem to be of the highest character, and the instructions are by specialists in their respective departments. Aside from the large patronage from home and the States immediately surrounding, a very large number each year attend from Texas. - The books of the Smith Bros. show that since the family began teaching in Columbia over 10,000 girls and young ladies have received instructions from them and over 1.000 have graduated. The register for 1884-85 shows an enrollment of 171 pupils. The register for 1885-86 will show an increased number.
The present public school building of Columbia was erected for the " Columbia Fe- male Conference College," under the auspices of the Methodist Church in 1851-52. Rev. J. O. Church was its president, and for a number of years the school was in a prosperous condition. It was largely patronized by the church and by others. As a female school it was closed about the beginning of the war. The building was long known as the Andrews School Building. After the war the Smith Bros. of the Atheneum purchased the build- ing and converted it into a male high school. It was under the management of Dr. W. A. Smith and Prof. John S. Beecher. In 1881 the school board purchased the building from the Smith Bros. and remodeled it for the public schools. The building cost about $14,000, and was called Andrew's Building in honor of one of Columbia's citizens who took great interest in the establishment of the public schools of Columbia. The schools were under the superintendence of Prof. Robert D'Shiel Robertson from September, 1881, until September, 1884. Since that the public schools have been under the management of Prof. S. M. Arnell, who has done much to popularize the public school system. Like the giant oak from the little acorn the schools of Columbia have had a wonderful growth. From a meeting on a dreary winter evening in the chancery court room, lighted by tallow can- dies, the schools had their origin. Here met James Andrews, E. Kuhn, D. T. B. Rains, Dr. Theodore Frierson, W. J. Andrews, S. N. Arnell and possibly one or two others. At the time there was not only great indifference if not strong prejudice against the common school system. The schools now enroll over 800 pupils, white and black, and are taught by twelve teachers besides the superintendent. The board has under advisement the erec-
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tion of a fine building for the colored schools, a special appropriation of $3,000 having been set apart for that purpose by the town corporation. The city of Columbia has been quite liberal in its appropriations for its schools. The tax including State, county, and city, amounts to 70 cents on the $100, or something over $8,000 for school purposes, in consequence of which the schools extend over a period of ten months. The course em- braces nine grades of one year each, and is intended to fit boys and girls for the various businesses of life.
The Robertson Male High School was established September 7. 1885, by Robert D'Shiel Robertson, to fill a space between the public school and the college or university. The design at first was to limit the number of people to twenty-five, but the pressure being so great a much larger number was admitted and assistants employed. While the school is comparatively a new institution, the varied experience of Mr. Robertson in the University of Nashville, three years in the law department of the Vanderbilt University, three years as superintendent of the Knoxville City schools, besides the work done in Columbia ought to eminently fit him for the work in his male high school.
Ingleside Academy has been under the management of Mrs. S. B. Mack for a great many years. It is a private institution, and is devoted to female education. Mrs. Mack has been engaged in the education of females all her life, a work for which she is emi- nently fitted.
The present system of public schools of the county was organized in the county in 1872. The county now employs 135 teachers, of whom forty-nine are male white, and thirty-eight are female white; thirty-six are male colored, and twelve female colored teachers. The average length of the school term is about seventy days, although this dif- fers considerably in some of the various districts. The total amount of school money received for the fiscal year ending July 1, 1885, was: From State, $3,568.70; from county, $21,502; from other sources, $6,820.35. The scholastic population for the same time was male white, 4,147; female white, 3,445; male colored, 3,862; female colored, 3,609; total, 15,063. The enrollment was male whites, 2,4SS; females, 2,317; colored males, 2,067; colored females, 2,165; total, 9,037. The average attendance of whites was 3,603; of col- ored children, 3,174, making an average attendance of 6,117. The schools are divided into incorporated, consolidated and common school proper, and of the last named there is in the south district one graded school.
Mount Pleasant Academy was built on the lands of Elijah Harbin in 1835. The fol- - lowing trustees were appointed at that time: Willis Ridley, John Dawson and Henry Hays. These were changed from time to time as occasion demanded. Schools of high grade have been maintained there for over a half century. Among the prominent men who have taught here are Hon. William F. Kercheval, R. B. Kercheval, M. Ferguson and Chan- cellor William S. Fleming. For the last fifteen or sixteen years the Messrs. Webb have been managing a successful school at Culleoka. This is a school for boys, and is known far beyond the confines of the State. Under the "four mile " law the Culleoka Academy was incorporated March 29, 1884. Those in whose names the charter was granted are J. L. Moore, J. M. Stephens, W. H. Wilkes, W. R. Webb, Joseph Love, C. Taylor, J. J. Heu- lett, N. I. Moore and R. A. Wilkes. This school is in a- flourishing condition. Nebo Academy was incorporated December 19, 1877, by W. W. Joice, W. R. McKennon, W. P. Gantt, L. King, George N. McKennon, William F. Kinzer and George Whit Kinzer. Oak Grove was built in 1878 and chartered by Hardin Mayberry, Sampson Liggett, W. C. Lig- gett, Samuel Clymer, T. M. Savell, W. C. Derryberry, John Craig, H. Green, J. W. Smee, C. S. Richerson, T. H. Richerson and R. W. Tindell. Oak Grove is in the Third Dis- trict. Cross Bridges Academy was incorporated April 5, 1880, by C. Nicholls, Henry Harlan, . Bowen, J. C. Webster and J. L. Beard. Spring Hill Male College was char- tered December 19, 1881. Those named in the charter are Campbell Brown, J. T. S. Thompson, W. C. Campbell. J. W. Cheairs, J. W. Alexander, A. M. Kissack, J. T. Wade, J. M. Moore, Thomas Gibson, A. M. Bailey and W. A. Bailey. This is now a flourishing school, and is under the control of Prof. Morton.
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Beachcroft is the female academy of Spring Hill. This large female school is under the management of Mrs. Estes, and is largely attended outside of the State. A charter for Beachcroft was granted January 11, 1884, to M. C. Campbell, Campbell Brown, H. 1. Brown, J. O. Hardin, J. T. Thompson, J. M. Gray, J. W. Cheairs, J. W. Alexander, W. M. Cheairs, II. P. Wade and II. P. Pointer.
Stephenson Academy is a very old one and was chartered in 1848 by Duncan Brown, James M. Arnell, Leonidas Polk. E. W. Dale, J. S. Flemming, J. B. Frierson and J. W. Frierson, Cave Hill. Cave Hill School was incorporated July 9, 1878. The men to whom the charter was given were Jerry C. Notgrass, W. W. Neeley, S. M. Neeley and W. M. Sullivan. Pleasant Mound is located in the Twenty-fifth District and was incorporated about the same time as Cave Hill. Mount Joy School was incorporated in June, 1881, by S. Williams, P. C .; Bailey, Thomas Durham, W. H. Bailey, J. H. King, A. C. Sims, B. B. Craig, William T. McCain and T. P. Holmes. Mount Zion Academy was incorporated by charter January 1, 1880, by W. T. Hadley, P. H. Southall, B. L. Mayes, G. Il. Fitz- gerald, W. S. Alderson, D. Harling, S. E. Witherspoon and W. T. Dodson. In connec- tion with this school is a chartered literary society. Mount Zion is in the Nineteenth Dis- trict and has maintained a school of some kind for nearly three quarters of a century. Neapolis Academy is in the Twenty-second District and was incorporated in January, 1880. The charter was granted to W. A. Bailey, E. A. Denton, R. C. Allen, W. C. Rad- ley and W. T. Bassham.
In addition to the incorporated schools, schools chartered under the "four mile " law, there are thirteen consolidated schools, schools, however, in which private schools are taught supplementary to the public schools There is in the Ninth District a graded school of two departments. The remaining schools are the ordinary county schools. The awakening of the people to the importance of an efficient school system indicates that they believe the common schools are the "hope of our country."
The Synod of Kentucky, in October, 1810, ordered that a portion of Transylvania be cut off and a new presbytery formed to be called the Presbytery of West Tennessee, consisting of Rev. Messrs. James W. Stephenson, Samuel Donald, Duncan Brown and Samuel Hedge. This presbytery was duly organized at Bethsaida Church, March 27, 1811. The Rev. Gideon Blackburn and Rev. John Gillespie were received as members at this meeting. Presbyterianism began with the settlement of the State. The following churches had been organized a number of years before the Presbytery of West Tennessee - was formed: Bethesda, Bethsaida, Rocky Mount, Ebenezer, Swan Creek, Sugar Creek, Flat Creek, Betherci, Nashville and Franklin. The one at Columbia was formed about 1811. The boundaries of West Tennessee were minutely defined on the north and east, but on the west they extended to Missouri and the Rocky Mountains and southward to the Gulf of Mexico. The old records show that as early as 1813 the presbytery had its missionaries in the Territories of Missouri, Mississippi and West Florida. So rapidly did Presbyterianism grow, and the difficulty of attending so large a territory so great, that the Presbytery of West Tennessee soon became the mother of those of Shiloh, Mississippi, Obion, Nashville and Western District. Mention should be made of Gideon Blackburn, James W. Stephenson and Robert Henderson as active members of the presbytery. The Presbytery of Columbia embraces the counties of Maury, Giles, Marshall and Lincoln. It has under its care twenty-five -churches with thirteen ordained ministers and a member- ship of about 2,000.
The first church organization in Columbia was Presbyterian. The date of the organ- ization is not exactly known as the records have been destroyed, but it was not far from the organization of the county, i. e. 1807. The church was organized by the Rev. Gideon Blackburn, well known as an eloquent preacher and a classic teacher of Franklin. The first regular pastor was the Rev. Robert Henderson, well known as a pulpit orator, teacher and scholar. The first brick church erected in Columbia was in 1822-23, on the same lot where the church now stands. Previous to the erection of this church private houses or the court house were used for church services. The church membership
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embraced many of the leading families in Columbia. Among the carly elders were Dr. William McNiell, John Thomas. John Dodge, Benjamin Thomas, Samuel McDowell, George M. Martin. Maj. John Brown, John Frierson, Dr. J. W. S. Frierson and Dr. John S. Law. Dr. Henderson was succeeded by Rev. Robert Hardin about 1830, who was also for a time president of Jackson College while it was located near Spring Hill. The next minister was the Rev. Thomas Scott, who was succeeded by the Rev. JJoseph Sherman, who became the second president of Jackson College, after its removal to Columbia. Dr. Sherman, as is well known, lost his life by accident at Nashville in 1849. Rev. Sherman was succeeded by Rev. C. P. Wing, who remained till 1843, when the Rev. William Mack took charge and continued till 1858. Dr. Mack was twice president of Jackson College and was widely known both as a minister and educator. Rev. A. Hartpence succeeded Dr. Mack in 1858, and he gave place to Rev. A. L. Kline about 1860. Rev. A. L. Kline was succeeded in 1868 by Rev. J. M. P. Otts. The Rev. J. C. Mitchell became pastor in 1873, and he still has charge of the church. The present Presbyterian Church was erected in 1843, but was remodeled and repaired in 1874. This church is now well furnished with seats and has an excellent pipe organ. The church membership is 251.
The first Methodist class was formed in Columbia some time between 1815 and 1820, although there were a few members as early as 1815. The first class meeting was held at the house of Thomas. White, on Embargo Street. The first church house was built on South Main Street, near E. W. Gamble's large grocery store. This was a frame structure about 35×50. According to Mrs. White the building was erected in 1818, although it is claimed by some not to have been built till 1821. This house was changed to a dwelling and stood till a few years ago. The first regular pastor was the Rev. Thomas Madden, who came to Columbia in 1820. A revival greatly strengthened the church. Dr. Madden was succeeded by Rev. Hartwell H. Brown in 1822. Dr. Madden was recalled in. 1823 and remained till 1825, when he was succeeded by Rev. W. B. Beck. The first Sunday- school was organized by Dr. Madden, in 1823 or 1821. The trustees of the first church were John Gordon, Robert Doak, Levi Covey, James Gullett, John T. Moore, Elisha Uzzell and Edward W. Dale. These to a great extent represented the families belonging to the church. The trustees for the new church were E. W. Dale, James R. Plummer, Joseph Herndon, Nathan Vaught, G. I. Voorhies, Rev. William Horsley, John H. Terrill, Samuel A. Hamner and Rev. H. H. Brown. A new brick church was erected in 1836, but this was accidentally destroyed by fire in 1874 and was rebuilt in a few years. The present elegant structure is the fruit of that work. Preaching had been held in Columbia some time before any church was erected. Preaching was had either in the court house or in the grove. One place remembered was the Atheneum grounds, where the celebrated Lorenzo Dow preached. The Methodist is one of the strongest churches in the city, the membership numbering about 350.
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The Episcopal Church of Columbia was organized by the Rev. James H. Otey, who afterward became bishop in 1829. The first paster was Dr. Stephens, who was a teacher, as was his son and daughter. The first church edifice was erected just back of the Ma- sonic Hall. Tho present elegant house of worship was erected in 1860-61. The church has a membership of 149. Rev. George Becket, of the Institute, has been rector of this church for the last nineteen years.
The Cumberland Presbyterians built their church in Columbia in 1848, with the as- sistance of the Odd Fellows. The symbols of that order are still to be seen over the doors of the church. This house is still standing, and is in a good state of preservation.
The Baptists and Christians cach have elegant brick churches on High Street. The former has a new building in course of construction. The date of the organization of these churches is later than any of the former mentioned.
Like most all the counties in Middle Tennessee, Maury was settled largely by Revolu- tionary soldiers or their descendants. The population of the county in its early history was largely from North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia. North Carolina gave grants to her soldiers for military services in the Revolutionary war. These grants were
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located mainly in Middle Tennessee. from which cause large numbers of North Carolina soldiers settled in that part of the State, and not a few in Maury County. These grants varied in size in this county from 200 acres to 25.000 acres. as was the case with Gen. Greene's grant. Among those who served in the Revolutionary war were Maj. James Hol- land, who died May 19, 1823, at the age of seventy-two: he served in the Legislature of North Carolina, in the Congress of the United States: he was buried about nine miles east of Columbia. William Renfro served through the war, and died in 1830 at the age of ninety-six. leaving a number of descendants in the county. Thomas Wren, the ancestor of a large family, was buried north of the river on the farm where he lived. James White Stephenson was a South Carolinian, and settled near Zion, of which church he was many years pastor. He was a distinguished minister. educator, and a valued citizen. Dr. Samuel Mayes was a soldier at King's Mountain, and other important battles. He was an elder in Zion Church, and was buried at that place. James Armstrong, who was a mem- ber of Lee's Legion, came to Maury County in 1807. He, too, was buried at Zion. . An- other soldier buried at Zion was David Matthews, who served under Gen. Marion. Mark Jackson and Aaron Reynolds, two old Revolutionary soldiers, were buried, one at "Shane's" grave-yard and the other in a private grave-yard near by. Gen. Richard Winn was a soldier and officer from South Carolina. He served in the Legislature of his native State, also in the Congress of the United States. He was buried near Williamsport. His grave was unmarked, and until a few years ago his burial place was in question. Robert Caruthers, an early settler of the county, was also a Revolutionary soldier. The princi- pal Indian fighters were Col. William and Gideon Pillow and Col. Joseph Brown. These men are distinctly mentioned in the settlement of Middle Tennessee by Putnam. Col. Brown had been a prisoner among the Cherokee Indians, and having learned their lan- guage he became an effective guide against them afterward. He served as a guide against the Indians in the expedition against Nickajack. In later years he became a distinguished Presbyterian minister. Pillow killed the Indian chief Big Foot in an expedition against the Indians. In the Creek war of 1812-14. Col. Pillow commanded a company, and was severely wounded at Talladega. Both Pillow and Brown died in the county at the age of nearly one hundred years. Cols. Roberts and Gordon were also distinguished leaders in that campaign. Among the last survivors of that campaign were Col. Roberts, M. Cooper, Maj. Jolm D. Fleming and G: orge Donelson.
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