USA > Utah > Salt Lake County > Salt Lake > Utah gazatteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo and Salt Lake cities, for 1884 > Part 2
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The population may be fairly placed at 175,000, over two-thirds living north of an imaginary line running cast and west through the centre of the Territory. Wasatch County is the highest in the Territory, being 7,716 feet above sea level; Washington County the lowest, with an altitude of 2,370 feet. Panguitch Lake, a fresh water body, is 6,220 feet above sea level; Utah Lake, also fresh water, 4,500 feet; Great Salt Lake, 4,218 feet, with a shore line of 350 miles. The difference in the altitude in the minimum and maximum above stated, is so great as to give to Utah a variety of climate possessed by few countries in the world; second only, if second at all, to that portion of Asia through which the Himalayas run. So far as purely climatic influences are concerned, Utah is as eminently qualified to be a self-sustaining country, in the highest degree, as any section of the same area wherever found.
For descriptive purposes it is advisable to divide Utah into three parts, called the eastern, middle and western sections. The eastern section is that portion that lies to the east of the Wasatch; the middle is found between the Wasatch and Oquirrh Ranges; the western is that tract to the west of the Oquirrh Range. So far, all that has been stated relates practically to the middle section, for it is this portion that is mainly settled. The eastern section of Utah is yet in its infancy, so far as settlement is concerned, but as the middle portion of the eastern section is similar in character to that on the western base of the Wasatch, possessing water advantages, rich and pro- ductive soil, a temperate climate and all the inherent elements essential to a good agricultural country, its future is unquestioned. Of the western por- tion less that is favorable can be said. It is even more sparsely settled than the eastern half, though better known for years; and the reason why it should be slow of developing is just as potent to-day as it was twenty years ago. That exception is its mineral resource, which in large measure justifies legitimate hopes for a future of reasonable prosperity, even in such an unpromising and sterile waste. Western Utah is composed mainly of low mountains, deserts, sinks, and alkali lakes, with but few pleasant places.
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-
UTAH GAZETTEER.
though it is known to be wealthy in mineral deposits and these are of great variety. The
GREAT SALT LAKE BASIN
is about forty-five or fifty miles wide, by some 200 miles long, and includes the Bear River Valley up to the Gap on the north-or that point where the Bear River breaks through the range that encircles Cache Valley on the west-and the Utah Basin, including Kanara-the most southern settlement in Iron County-on the south. All the streams arising in this area, beside most of the others which flow into it, such as Bear River, ultimately find their way to Great Salt Lake. The notable exceptions are the Sevier River and the Beaver River, both of which flow into desert sinks; and such smaller streams as are consumed by irrigation or by local evaporation.
The Basin is so called because of the drainage into Great Salt Lake as mentioned. Apart from this it has but one distinguishing characteristic, and that is to be found at the rim on the south. Streams arising to the north of the Basin ultimately find their way to the Pacific Ocean through the Colum- bia River; south of the Basin these streams ultimately reach the same ocean through the Colorado River and the Gulf of California. There is no per- ceptible difference in the climate from Idaho, north of the Basin, to Kanara, on the southern rim-a distance by air line measurement, of some 350 miles; but going south or down a narrow gulch called the Black Ridge-a circuit- ous route of not over four miles-less than three miles by air line-one leaves the temperate climate and enters a semi-tropical region, congenial to the growth of cotton and kindred products. Nor is the climatic change by any means the most remarkable. It is impossible that two countries could be less alike than Southern Utah and portions in the north; neither is the change in conformation less rapid than is that of climate. The southern portion of Utah, beyond the peradventure of a doubt, has at one period been the scene of sedimentary deposits of vast rivers pouring into an inland sea. Everywhere there is a sandstone basis. This colossal sedimentary deposit, massed and cemented into rock by pressure and by chemical agencies, was undoubtedly subject to the most tremendous earthquakes, following which came numberless volcanic outbursts, leaving the once level and almost solid sandstone bed, a wild and wierd and rugged mass, wrought into the most fantastic forms, which time, together with the aqueous and igneous agencies, has been striving to tone down, and wear into smoother shapes, but so far with little success. The valleys, as a natural con- sequence, are small, streams few and far between, and lumber almost a thing unknown. It is either sandstone or sand. The hillsides are covered with volcanic rock, thrown high upon the rugged mountains which, breaking away, piece by piece, has rolled down the hills, and formed an immovably packed mass. Traces of volcanoes are to be seen wherever the eye rests. Southern Utah, and that portion, of Utah on the rim of the Basin and running north, could not have been made less alike.
The Wasatch and the Oquirrh are the only mountain ranges in Utah, though there are many spurs, each designated differently from the rest. There are numerous rivers, the largest and certainly the longest being the Bear River, which follows a remarkably circuitous route of some 300 miles before emptying into Great Salt Lake. There are also many lakes, both fresh and salt water; of the former, Utah Lake is the largest, its average width being ten miles, its length about thirty miles.
Such is Utah-a region of mountain, valley, canyon, desert, river, lake and sink. It has not unjustly been called the Switzerland of America. There are valleys for the farmer and the horticulturist; hills and grassy ranges for the stock raiser; warm skies and genial soil for the vintage; min- erals for the miner; resources for the manufacturer; bracing air and mineral
20
UTAH GAZETTEER.
springs for the invalid; mountains and streams, game and fish and fair weather for the pleasure seeker, and wealth, health and happiness for all.
FLORA.
On the mountains and along the water-courses are found the following trees, shrubs and vines: Cottonwood, dwarf birch, willow, quaking aspen. mountain maple, box elder, scrub cedar, scrub oak, mountain oak. white, red, yellow and pinyon pine, white spruce, balsam-fir, mountain mahogany, com- mon elder, dwarf hawthorn, sumac, wild hop, wild rose, dwarf sunflower. and of edible berries, service berry, bull-berry, wild-cherry. wild currant, etc. Most of the plants belong to the Composite, Crucifera, Leguminose, Bor- raginacea, or Rosacca.
FAUNA.
Among the animals are the coyote, gray wolf, wolverine, mountain sheep, buffalo (now extinct in Utah), antelope, elk, moose; black tailed, white tailed, and mule deer; grizzly, black and cinnamon bear; civet cat, striped squirrel, gopher, prairie dog, beaver, porcupine, badger, skunk, wild cat, lynx, sage and jack-rabbit and cottontail. Birds: Golden and bald eagle and osprey; horned, screech and burrowing owl; duck, pigeon, spar- row, sharp-shinned and goshawk; woodpecker, raven, yellow-billed magpie, jay, blackbird, ground robin, long sparrow; purple, grass and Gambell's finch; fly-catcher, wren, water-ouzel, skylark, English snipe, winter yellow- legs, spotted sand piper, great blue heron, bittern, stork, swan, pelican. Peale's egret, ground dove, red-shafted flicker, mallard and green-winged teal; goose, ptarmigan, humming bird, mountain quail, sage cock and pine hen. Reptiles: Rattlesnake, water-snake, harlequin snake and lizards. The tarantula and scorpion are found, but are not common.
ELEVATION OF CITIES, TOWNS, MOUNTAINS AND LAKES OF UTAH.
The following list, showing the elevation of 154 different points in Utah, is compiled from government surveys:
CITIES, TOWNS, ETC.
ELEVA- ! TION
CITIES, TOWNS, ETC.
TION.
American Fork,
4,608 Laketown, .
6,001
Antelope Spring, .
4.850: Logan. .
4,5.57
Adamsville,
5,600 Lone Peak,
10,713
Akanaqui,
4,457 Lime Rock Valley,
4,400 to
5,400
Big Cottonwood,
4,261 .Lucin,
4,498
Bennington,
5.798 Mount Nebo,
11,999
Burro Peak,
12,883 Mount Baldy, .
11,730
Bear River Bridge.
4,543 Mount Belcher.
9,716
Bear Valley.
7,071 Mammoth Mill,
6,947
Bear Lake, .
5.911 Mattin,
4,597
Beaver,
6,020 Meadow Creek,
5,992
Blue Creek,
4,319 Mill Creek Station,
6,504
Bonneville,
4,310 Mill Spring,
6,594
Bovine. .
4,347 Montpelier,
5.793
Box Canyon Spring,
4,261 Monument,
4,227
Brigham City, .
4.226 Mountain Meadows.
5.741
Buck Horn Spring,
5,688 Mount Pleasant,
6,090
Centreville, .
4,235 . Mount Tohkwano,
13,500
Cox Peak,
13,250 ;Nephi,
4,920 to
4,938
Camp Douglas, 4,800 to
5,024
Ogden,
4,302
Camp Floyd, 4,850 to
4.867
Oak Creek. .
5.158
Camp Stevenson,
5.930 .Oak Springs, 6,790
Castle Rock, .
6,260 Ombey.
4.721
.
ELEVA-
.
21
UTAH GAZETTEER.
CITIES, TOWNS, ETC.
ELEVA- TION.
CITIES, TOWNS, ETC.
ELEVA- TION.
Cedar City. .
5,726 : Pleasant Grove,
4,557
Cedar Spring,
5, 100 !'Provo,
4,520
Circleville,
5.624 ! Payson,
4,613
Copenhagen,
4,999
Panguitch,
6,273
Corinne, .
4, 232 | Pahreah,
4,562
Cub River Bridge.
4,542
Parowan,
5,900
Draper, .
4,513
Phillips' Village,
4,327
Divide, Spur of Mountain,
4,808
Porteo Valley, .
5,590
Davies' Mount,
13,300
Potatoe
7,331
Deadman's Spring,
6,782
Promontory,
4,905
Deep Creek,
5,237
Rabbit Valley, Fort of.
6,821
Deseret Spring,
5,886
Randolph,
6,422
Devil's Gate,
4,835
Richfield,
5,283
Diamond,
3,769
Richmond,
4,641
Dedoquiba Spring,
4,659
Richmond Prairie,
5,571
Echo,
5,509
Rozel,
4,000
Ephraim,
5,633
Rush Valley,
5,223
Eureka City,
6,400
Salt Lake City,
4,261
Evanston,
6,870
Sandy,
4,457
Farmington,
4,260
Springville,
4,525
Fairfield,.
4,866
Spanish Fork,
4,556
Faust, .
5,296
Santaquin,
4,884
Fillmore,
6,025
Summit,
5,032
Fish Spring.
4, 269
¡Sevier Lake,
4,600
Fort American,
6,098 St. Mary's,
6,200
Fort Crittendon,
4,860
Signal Office, Salt Lake City,
4,250
Fountain Green,
5,875
San Francisco Spring,
6,527
Great Salt Lake,
4,218 Scipio,
5, 113
Gilbert's Peak,
13,687
Sevier Bridge,
4,765
Gould's Ranch,
4 . 052
¡Sevier City,
6,369
Gunnison,
5, 144| 'Skumpah,
6, 142
Hayden's Peak,
13,500 Smithfield,
4,616
Hanging Rock, .
5.974
Strawberry Valley,
7.726
Hawawah Spring,
4,255
Hay Spring,
5,092 St. George,
2,700
Hay Patch Spring.
5.590 Terrace,
4,544
Heber, .
5,524 Tintic,
4,833
Hebron,
5,474
.Toocle Valley,
4,487
Heusch Spring,
5.373
Utah Lake,
4,498
Hyde Park,
4,553
'Uintah,
4,544
Indian Spring,
5.771 Uintah Agency,
6, 133
Iron City,
6,099
.Wood's Cross,
4,299
Joe's Valley, .
8,420 Wasatch,
6,151
Kaysville,
4,298 Wanship, 6,200
Kamas,
6,304 Washie-pah-gun Spring,
4,421
Kamas Prairie,
6,225 'Washington,
2,906
Kanab,
4,900 !, Weber,
5,096
Kanara,
5,419 Wellsville,
4,568
Kelton,
4,323 (White Sulphur Spring,
5,201
Little Cottonwood,
4,288 White Valley.
4,360
Lehi,
4,585
Willard City, 4,350
Logan Peak,
13. 500 Willow Spring, 4,421
Lake,
4, 223 |/York,
4,957
Grass Valley,
6,857 Skull Valley,
4,850
Sulphur Springs,
4,500
-
.
UTAH CHRONOLOGY.
- AT the time of the settlement of Utah by the Mormons, the country belonged to Mexico, but the year following, in 1848, the territory of which Utah forms a part, was ceded to the United States by the treaty of Guad- alupe Hidalgo.
1847. July 7 .- The Pioneers arrived at Fort Bridger.
July 13 .- Apostle Orson Pratt was appointed to precede the main body of the Pioneers towards Salt Lake Valley, taking with him twenty-three wagons and forty-two men.
July 21 .- The advance company encamped in Emigration Canyon. Orson Pratt and Erastus Snow entered Salt Lake Valley, made a circuit of some ten miles distant from the mouth of the Canyon and returned to the camp late in the evening.
July 22 .- The advance body of the Pioneers advanced into Salt Lake Valley, and camped on Canyon Creek.
July 23 .- The advance company moved about three miles and camped on what is now called Washington Square. They were immediately organ- ized for work, and plowing and planting began, the first furrow being turned by Wm. Carter. The work of bringing water out of City Creek for irriga- tion purposes also commenced on this day.
July 24 .- President Brigham Young, who had remained at Little Moun- tain on the night of the 23d, because of sickness, entered the valley and joined the remainder of the Pioneers.
Thus the entire company of Pioneers, numbering 143 souls, which had left the Missouri River during April, arrived safely in Salt Lake Valley.
July 25 .- Religious services were held for the first time in Salt Lake Valley, the first discourse being delivered by Geo. A. Smith.
July 29 .- A portion of the "Mormon Battalion," numbering about 150, under command of Captain James Brown, arrive, having come from Pueblo to Fort Laramie, and thence west. They were accompanied by a party of immigrants from the State of Mississippi. These accessions increased the number in the Valley to about 400 souls.
July 31 .- Great Salt Lake City laid out in square blocks of ten acres each, eight lots to the block, and streets eight rods wide, running at right angles.
August 25 .- President Brigham Young and about seventy of the Pioneers start east for Winter. Quarters, on the Missouri River, to assist their immigration forward. Arrived at their destination October 31st. While traveling toward Winter Quarters, they met several companies of immigrants, who were following the track of the Pioneers.
August 26 .- The colonists had laid off a fort, built twenty-seven log houses, plowed and planted eighty-four acres with corn, potatoes, beans, buckwheat, turnips, etc .. and had manufactured 125 bushels of salt.
During the Fall of1847, about 2,000 souls and some 600 wagons reached Salt Lake Valley.
.
23
UTAH GAZETTEER.
1848. Peregrine Sessions, in the Spring of this year, located at what is now called Bountiful or Sessions settlement, and broke the first ground in Davis County.
Captain James Brown located on the present site of Ogden, having bought some improvements from an Indian trader.
May 31 .- President Brigham Young organizes the immigrants of the faith coming west, at Winter Quarters, into companies for the journey.
June .- President Young left the Elkhorn in the early part of this month for Salt Lake Valley. His company consisted of 1,299 souls and 397 wagons. Following him' came Heber C. Kimball with a company of 662 souls and 226 wagons, while the last company, which left Winter Quarters on the 3d of July, 1848, was under charge of Willard Richards, and com- prised 526 souls, who brought with them 169 wagons.
August 9 .- Great Salt Lake City fort contains 450 buildings, with three saw-mills and a flouring mill in the city, and others in course of construc- tion.
August 10 .- Feast given in Great Salt Lake City to celebrate the first harvest gathered in the Great Basin.
September 20 .- President Young arrives with his company.
Davis and Weber Counties were settled this month.
In the summer of this year myriads of big crickets came down from the mountains and began to sweep away fields of grain and corn; and were only stayed by the arrival of immense flocks of sea gulls, which devoured the crickets.
During 1848 the population of the Territory was increased about 1,000 by immigration.
.
1849. February 5 .- Mercury 33° below zero in Great Salt Lake City. March .- The first postoffice established in Great Salt Lake City.
March 8, 9, 10 .- Convention was held in Great Salt Lake City, result- ing in the adoption of a Constitution for the proposed State of Deseret. A. W. Babbitt was chosen as Delegate and soon dispatched to Congress with a memorial asking for admission to the Union.
March 9 .- Election held under the Provisional Government of the State of Deseret. Brigham Young elected Governor, Willard Richards, Secretary of State; N. K. Whitney, Treasurer; H. C. Kimball, Chief Justice; John Taylor and N. K. Whitney, Associate Justices: Daniel H. Wells, Attorney- General; Horace S. Eldredge, Marshal; Albert Carrington, Assessor and Collector of Taxes, and Joseph L. Heywood, Surveyor of Highways, etc. Magistrates were also elected.
March 28 .- Nauvoo Legion partially organized; Daniel H. Wells. Major-General.
May 27 .- Parties from the east en route for the California gold mines first arrive.
July 24 .- First celebration held in Great Salt Lake City in commemora- tion of the entrance of the Pioneers into Salt Lake Valley.
August 28 .- Captain H. Stansbury arrives to commence his survey.
October 6 .- Perpetual Emigration Fund organized.
Apostles John Taylor, Lorenzo Snow, Erastus Snow and F. D. Richards called at the semi-annual conference of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints to go on missions to Europe. This was the first call made for missionaries from Utah.
November-Sanpete County settled by Isaac Morley, Seth Taft and Chas. Shumway. Manti is the site of their location.
During the fall of this year Tooele County was located by John Row- berry; the survey of Great Salt Lake Valley by Captain Stansbury and Lieutenant Gunnison was completed, and the first Indian war occurred.
24
UTAH GAZETTEER.
The increase of population by immigration during 1849 was about 1,400, who brought with them some 500 wagons. This does not include those immigrants who, passing through Great Salt Lake City on their way to California, remained and made their homes permanently in the Valley.
1850. January .- A company of Pioneers, under P. P. Pratt, return from Southern Utah, whither they had gone beyond the rim of the basin on an exploring journey.
February 10 .- Fight between Indians and a company of volunteers, at Utah Fort, now Provo; several killed on both sides; Indians forced to retreat.
February 22 .- Earthquake shock felt in Great Salt Lake Valley.
June 15 .- Deseret New's published.
July 4 .- Parley's Canyon opened for travel under the name of "The Golden Pass."
August 28 .- Captain Stansbury completes his survey.
Ogden City located by President Young.
September 9 .- Act of Congress organizing Utah Territory approved. September 20 .- Brigham Young appointed Governor of Utah Terri- tory.
September 23 .- Newel K. Whitney, Presiding Bishop of the Church, died in Great Salt Lake City.
December 8 .- Thirty families left Salt Lake City, including 118 men, with 600 head of stock and 101 wagons, led by Elder Geo. A. Smith, and in January following arrived at and settled the County of Iron, by building a fort at Parowan.
The Council House, recently damaged by fire and one of the oldest buildings in the Territory, was erected and made ready for occupancy dur- ing this fall.
1851. January 3 .- First criminal trial by jury held in the Provisional State of Deseret.
January 9 .- Great Salt Lake City incorporated.
January 11 .- First municipal election took place at Great Salt Lake City. Jedediah M. Grant was chosen Mayor.
Shortly after this, charters were granted to Ogden, Provo, Manti and Parowan Cities.
April 5 .- General Assembly of the Provisional State of Deseret dis- solved.
April 7 .- It was decided to build a temple in Great Salt Lake City. .
Edward Hunter appointed to succeed to the office of N. K. Whitney, deceased, as Presiding Bishop of the Church.
September 23 .- First Legislative Assembly of Utah Territory met in Great Salt Lake City.
October 29 .- Fillmore City located as the seat of government for and the capital of Utah Territory.
During the latter part of this year. Millard County was settled by Anson Call and thirty families; Box Elder by Simeon A. Carter and others; Carson County (now Nevada), by Col. John Reese; and Juab County by Joseph L. Heywood and others, who located at Nephi.
1852. January 16 .- Tabernacle, capable of sitting 3,000 persons, finished.
February 14 .- Territorial Legislature memorialize Congress for a Pacific railroad and telegraph line.
In the spring of this year John 1). Lee settled in Washington County. on Ash Creek, which is now the site of Harmony, Kane County.
25
UTAH GAZETTEER.
April 6 .- The "Old Tabernacle" dedicated. It was 126 feet long, 64 feet wide, with arched roof and no pillar supports. It faced the south; was razed a few years back, and on its site the Assembly Hall now stands.
July 27 .- Thermometer 127' in the sun in Great Salt Lake City.
August 29 .- The revelation concerning plural marriage was first pub- licly promulgated.
September 3 .- First company of Perpetual Emigration Fund immi- grants arrived from Europe, A. O. Smoot, captain; met by the First Presidency, Captain Wm. Pitt's band, and many leading citizens.
September 4 .- Treaty made with the chiefs of the Utes and Shoshones in Great Salt Lake City.
Juab and Washington Counties settled; the latter in the Spring and the former in the Fall.
Post offices established at American Fork, Springville and Payson. Utah County; Salt Creek (Nephi), Juab County, and Fillmore City, Millard County.
1853. January 1 .- The Social Hall, built during the previous year, was dedicated.
February 14 .- The Temple Block consecrated, and ground broken for the foundation of the Temple.
April 6 .- Corner stones of Temple laid.
August 29 .- Resolution adopted by City Council, in compliance with expressed request of the inhabitants, to build a Spanish wall around Great Salt Lake City. The wall was twelve feet high, six feet thick at base, taper- ing to two feet and six inches, six feet from the ground, and preserving that thickness to the top. It was about nine miles in length.
September 26 .- Captain J. W. Gunnison, U. S. Topographical Engin- eer, and seven men, killed by Indians near the swamps of the Sevier, twenty miles from the Sevier River, in revenge for killing an Indian and the wound- ing of two others by a company of emigrants for California.
Second Indian war.
It was in this year that President Young purchased a grant for thirty square miles of land and some cabins from a Mexican named Bridger, which was located as a supply fort. It was the location of Green River county, at one time a portion of Utah.
Summit County was also settled this year by Samuel Snider who built saw mills in Parley's Park.
1854. January 7 .- John C. Fremont, with nine whites and twelve Delaware Indians, arrived at Parowan in a state of starvation. One man had fallen dead from his horse near the settlement, and others were nearly dead. Animals and provisions were supplied, and after resting to the 20th, they departed.
March 11 .- Dr. Willard Richards, second Counselor to President Young, and editor of the Deseret News, died.
April 7 .- Jedediah M. Grant chosen Counselor in place of Willard Richards.
May 23 .- Patriarch John Smith died.
July .- Grasshoppers make their first appearance and do much damage. August 15 .- Wall around the Temple block completed.
The Deseret Alphabet was produced this year ; and the old Seventies Hall was built.
Difficulties with the Ute Indians continued during this year, result- ing in the loss of many lives and the destruction of much property : and made it necessary for persons to gather into settlements for mutual pro- tection.
26
UTAH GAZETTEER.
1855. January 1 .- Iron made by the Deseret Iron Company. January 20 .- Walker, the celebrated Utah Chief, died at Meadow Creek. In the spring of this year Morgan County was settled by Jedediah M. Grant, Thos. Thurston. and others.
May 5 .- The Endowment House was consecrated.
July 1 .- Molasses made from beet at the sugar factory.
September .- Deseret Horticultural Society organized.
Various societies organized during the early part of the year, among which, and most prominent, were the "Universal Scientific Society," the "Polysophical Society," "Deseret Philharmonic Society," and "Deseret Typographical Association."
October 29 .- In the thirteenth general epistle of the First Presidency of the Church, it was proposed that those of the faith emigrated by the Perpetual Emigration fund, should cross the plains in hand-carts.
December 10 .- The Territorial Legislative Assembly met at Fillmore, the new seat of government, for the first time. In this month the Legis- lature, by act, authorized an election of delegates to attend a Territorial convention, the object of which was to draft a state constitution, and peti- tion Congress for the admission of Utah into the Union.
During the Summer grasshoppers do serious damage to crops, destroy- ing nearly everything green in many parts of the Territory. The loss and suffering was aggravated by drought, the combined evils causing a great failure in crops.
1856. January 26 .- Express carrying company organized to carry express from Missouri River to California, and shares taken to stock a thousand miles of the road at a mass meeting held in Great Salt Lake City.
March 17 .- Convention met in Great Salt Lake City to prepare consti- tution and memorial to Congress for admission as a State.
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