USA > Utah > Salt Lake County > Salt Lake > Utah gazatteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo and Salt Lake cities, for 1884 > Part 26
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The result of these conditions is a race of people healthy in every way, and while much talk is wildly indulged in regarding death rates and propor- tions, actual comparisons show Salt Lake City to be one of the healthiest in the country; while in smaller towns the proportion is even less. All is healthful and health-promoting. The air of summer never distresses; that of spring and fall and winter is bracing and invigorating; it is pure at all seasons and subject to none of those fatal poisons common in many atmos- pheres and causing the death of thousands, unable to comprehend the source of that which is destroying them. Contagious diseases are almost unknown, the plain inference being that few places can be healthier. In addition to this first and foremost condition-climate-are the mineral springs and the eternal mountains, the one medicine, the other lungs for all. All contribute, in some way, to enhance the importance or add to the beauty. The natural condition of mountains and valleys, with the growth of artificial attractions, such as cities and villages, combine to make Utah admittedly one of the most attractive quarters of the globe. Edwin Deakin, the rising and gifted artist, after seven years' traveling in countries noted for the rare opportunities, their grandeur and picturesqueness afford artists. came to Salt Lake City, and after spending three months, during which time
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.
192
UTAH GAZETTEER.
he took between fifty and sixty sketches, declared, in all his travels, he had never seen a place so full of material for the artist as he had found in Salt Lake City alone; and he could see no reason why Utah should not give birth to noted poets and painters, such as the surroundings of grand, beautiful and sublime scenery should produce in communities. Salt Lake is typical only of hundreds of places in Utah, some of them more rural, more beau- tiful, grander and of incomparably greater sublimity. These simply serve to show that, combined with all that could be desired for healthfulness, is a variety of scenery such as is seldom found associated together.
The physical features of Utah, mountain and desert and salt sea, are peculiar and of perennial interest. The Territory has all the resources of an empire within itself. Its climate is healthful and agreeable. It is in the heart of the mountain country. Railroads radiate hence to the four cardinal points. The great routes of inland commerce between the oceans, and between Mexico and British America, intersect at Ogden. The valleys are of inexhaustible fertility and the mountains full of minerals. The farms and mines are but a step from each other. Every valley and mining canyon has its railroad or its rushing stream. Labor and food are as cheap as they ever ought to be. No better mines or facilities for working them exist any- where. There is no more handy or profitable market for the farmer. There is unlimited water power, and a fine start in manufacturing has been made. Timber, coal, iron and good building stone are everywhere. Nature has richly endowed the Territory in many respects. A hardy and industrious population of 170,000 is on the ground. No State or Territory offers greater inducements to the enterprising capitalist, artisan, laborer or to the agricul- turist.
The tables which follow give the meteorological summary for Salt Lake City for 1880-1, from which can be learned the extremes and means of the barometer and thermometer, the relative humidity, average cloudiness, rain- fall, total movement, direction and velocity of the wind, and other interest- ing data regarding the ruling weather for that period, which can be taken as an average for every year:
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
[Latitude, 41º 10': longitude west of Greenwich, 112º. Elevation of barometer above sea-level, 4,348 feet. Elevation of rain-gauge (top) above ground, 75 feet. Elevation of exposed thermometer above ground, 52 feet. ]
=
Barometer (to sea).
Temperature.
Relative Humidity.
Average cloudiness, amount of, 0-4.
Rainfall and Melted Snow.
Washington time.
Extremes.
Washington time.
Extremes.
Washington time.
Washington time.
Greatest daily rainfall.
7 a.m.
3 p.m.
HI p. m.
Mean.
Maximumn.
Minimumn.
7 a.m.
3 p.m.
11 p.m.
Mean.
Maximum.
Minimum.
7 a.m.
3 p.m.
11 p.m.
Mean.
7 a.m.
3 p.m.
1 1 p.m .
Mean.
Date.
0
C
O
July ..
29.977
29.981
20.015
20.998
29.5.2
30.217 30.135 30. 205
04.7 29.722 | 03.6 20.524
$1.9 82.0 72.8
73.8 | 73.5 74.4 63.2
95.0 94.5 &S.0 77.0 55.0 49.0
45.0 44.0 39.0 27.0 3.0 17.0
38. 1 36.2 37.8
18.5 17.9 22.1
22.9 25.3 30.9 35.6 40.0 58.1
30.0 56.7
3
3
3
1.90
0.60
29
Year 18So.
29.051
20.43
20.973
42.2
55.5 1 45.0.
+5.6
17.5 1 30.6
10.5
39.61
-
-
ISS1.
January ...
30.005
30.011
30.01S
30.011
30. 105 30.384
29.573 21), (21) 20.423
29.9 34.3
35. +
32.4 ;
2.0
52.9 58.2 48. 2 1
47.5 49.7 | 53.0 32.8 43.
$5.1 53.3
b
3
1 .24
. 19 |
February ..
20.095
20.055
29.901
20.057
20.070
30.375 .
29.935
30.256 | 20.500 1 40.9
10.6
53.5
30.0 |
53.6
32.7
44.5
+3.6
2
2
2.37
: 0.80
May ..
20.005
29.907
20.SSO
20.000
30.246
29.547
52.0
59.9
(0. 1 70.0
96.0
47.0
40.5 37.0
24. 1 20.0
26.0 1 27.9
I
I
1
0.12
June . .
29.759
20.758
29.713
29.743
29.978
29.504
61.1
79.3
09.7
=
JOHN CRAIG, Sergeant Signal Corps, U. S. A.
193
.
ISSO.
0.20
0. 19
27
August .
19.935
29.935
29.403
0.74
0.60
30
September .
30.020
30.023
3).997
29.924 30.015
0.56
0.27
17
October . . .
30.077
30.072
30.004
30.071
30.345
29.4)
30.059
20.059
29.954
30.575 30.440
2).775 29.313
55.4 44.5 25.7 31.7
60.3
0. 30
November
30.000
30.000
30.05%
2
2
1.17
0.45
3
December.
20.943
20.000
Amount in inches.
| Amount in
inches.
UTAH GAZETTEER.
2.++
1.32
+
March.
29.971
20).955
29.973
35.5
48.5
41.1
+1.7
72.0
14.5 25.0
44.3
41.00
2
o. SS
0.37
15
April .
29.934
20.043
35. 8
35.5
2
2.55
: 1.17
0. 3S
110.04
-
31.8 37.6
13 . 2
1 35.4
51.0 63.0
54.0 5+
75.0 $6.0
40.0
39.+ 2.3 . 4 47.0 32.7 54.5
59.5
74.7 63.8 51.8 30.3 34.4
50.3 24.8 33.4 !
25.0
0.40
26.5 25.5 30.3 32.3
I
3
+61
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
Wind.
Winds at 7 a.m., 3 and 1: p.m., Wash. ! ington time Number of times oh- served blowing from-
Number of days with- |
Total move.
Maximum ve- locity.
ment.
Direc-
tion.
Miles.
Date.
North.
Northeast.
East.
Southeast.
Southwest.
Northwest.
Calm.
Rain.
Snow.
Maximum
Minimum
1880.
July.
4,090 3,S78
NW. SE.
15
7
3
7
17 26
0 w O
0
0
o Solar halo, 31 st.
September
3,601
|ISE. INWy
1 221
8
1
29
0 1
1
2
23
16
0
0
C
O
October.
3,499
! SE. ! INWY
23
28
7
8
6
17
3
3
2
16
31
0
2
0
O
0
Frosts, 11th, 12th, 13th, 15th, 16th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22d, 234, 30th and 3ist; solar halos, 6th, 16th, 17th and agth; lunar halo, 21st.
November.
2,090
NW.
8 1 16 (
6
I
3
10
0
3
6
16
$5
5
o
0
S
December
3,801
SE.
33
1
I
O
2
25
3
3
5
13
41
7
10
O
19
Frosts, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 13th, 17th and 19th; solar halos, 13th and 17th; lunar halos, 6th, 13th and 17th,
Year :880. 1881.
48.52
73
63
5ª
306
19 1 30
36
133
30
5
0
33
1 19
3
19
O
0
S
January .. February
3.360 2,072
SE.
22
2
4
20
I
I
10
42
6
7
0
O
14
March .
1,045
NW.
1
11
9
2 : 25
1
I
2
24
17
0
6
0
0
O
15
Frosts, 3d, 4th, 6th, 7th, Sth. 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, zoth, aad, 23d, 24th, 28th, 29th and 30th; solar halos, 4th, 8th, 9th, 16th, and 25th; lunar halos, 8th. 16th and 24th.
April ...
..
3,174
W.
32
6
3
5
3
3
I
23
41
9
2
O
O
I
Frosts, 13th and 25th; solar halos, 13th and 15th; lunar halos, 5th, Sth and 13th.
May ..
3,773
NW.
37
23
9
8
o . -
o
I
24
35
0
3
0
O
o
Frost, 18th; solar halos, 5th 7th, 8th, 14th, 24th, 2)th, 30th and 31st; lunar halo, 3d.
June ...
3.759
40
6
7
3
31
0
0
35
o
-
0
0
0
Solar halo, 12th; comet, June 23d.
Jwcation of office, June 30, ISSI, Wasatch Building, southeast corner of Main and Second South streets.
Sergeant, Signal Corps, U S. A.
UTAH GAZETTEER.
Remarks.
Auroras.
low 32".
low 32º.
South
West.
ot inch ;or more .of water
Thunder
storms.
be-
be-
0 Frosts, 12th and zyth; solar halos, Sth, 15th and 16th.
August .
1
I
5
7
2
22
6
28
-
3
Frosts, ad, 3d, 6th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, aist, and and 23d ; solar halo, 17th; lunar halos, 16th and 19th. Frosts, ist, 6th, 7th, 10th, 11th 12th, 15th, 19th, aist, and, and, 24th and 28th; solar halos, 19th, zoth and 18th; lunar halos, Tith and 19th.
-
5
6
NW.
-
Frosts, 12th, 19th, zoth, 26th and a7th; solar halos, ist, ad, 13th, 24th, aoth and 30th; lunar halos, 13th, 14th and 17th. Shock of earthquake night 16th.
20
3
0
2
Frosts, 1st, 2d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th. 17th, 18th, 19th, and, asth, 26th, 28th, 29th and 30th; solar halos, 4th, 27th, 28th and zoth; lunar halos, 15th.
JOHN CRAIG,
9
-
TEMPLES AND CHURCHES.
TEMPLE, or church building, is an industry in Utah. For over twenty- five years persons have found constant employment on what is known as "the church works"-that is, engaged in building edifices intended for devotional purposes. Until later years, as a rule, the people of Utah have done but little in Temple building, save on the one located in Salt Lake City, a structure commenced as early as April 6, 1853, and which, while the work on it has been prosecuted without interruption, will still require some years to bring about its completion. In this connection, and under this heading can with propriety be brought the subject of meeting-houses in the various settlements; and Tabernacles or "Stake Meeting Houses" throughout the Territory, or wherever a Mormon community is found in or west of the Rocky Mountains. These structures are erected by donations, and by tithing contributions; and however much may be said against the custom, it was, as a matter of fact, a practice no less common in ancient times, than now. Though prosecuted under a different form and at even greater expense, all conditions considered, Temple building, or the erection of places of worship, occupies ir. Utah the same position, with a single excep- tion, as did the great public works carried on by the ancients, even now famous for their grandeur and magnificence; and as do the public works, pushed forward by existing nations, the evidence of which is seen in varied sources of pleasure and recreation, as in parks and drives, etc. The exception is that public improvements are frequently inaugurated to give employment to a population suffering from enforced idleness; while church, Tabernacle and Temple building in Utah are a natural outgrowth of the religion professed and practiced by a large majority of its inhabitants. The politicial econo- mist will declare that money expended in the erection of churches is a waste of wealth. As a matter of cool reason, based upon the science of political economy, this is true, for churches have practically no marketable value. They are worth only what the material in them will bring; while the wealth paid out for labor performed, so far as all immediate pecuniary benefits to be derived therefrom are concerned, might as well have been cast into a sea, as its original productive power is for ever lost. But churches are demanded not only by the civilized world, but by heathen nations. The human family must have them; so here the discussion might as well terminate. This being true, the greatest consideration following is that the money employed in the construction of such buildings, may be turned in a channel through which it will flow back to the source whence it came. In this regard, Utah is exem- plary in the manner of her church, Tabernacle and Temple building. In Salt Lake, in Washington, in Sanpete and in Cache Counties, hundreds of homes have been built from these structures. The money given flows back to the people who gave it as donations or tithing. It is thus made to sustain families, and appears in neat homes, which enhance the value of old prop- erty and adjoining sites. Being then in a form in which it can readily be taxed, these donations become sources of revenue to the state, and by shar- ing taxation, the burden becomes the lighter on all. Herein is found an explanation, for what is viewed as a marvel in the rapidity with which sacred structures are erected in Utah and in their grandeur and magnificence. The like is not found in Christian nations. In large measure the money
196
UTAH GAZETTEER.
given by the people is returned to them as payment for labor, so that, as a matter of fact, it is really a labor donation that is given, and that labor is often contributed when the party has no available money and when his time- would be otherwise wasted. Thus, labor becomes an interchangeable com- modity, in the absence of coin; neat residences have gone up and are owned by persons who otherwise would never have secured permanent homes, and the whole country has developed rapidly, under what, to the casual observer, has the appearance of being a continual and impoverishing drain, creating the most trying circumstances; but which, when viewed in closer light, are very simple and the natural outgrowth of conditions peculiar to a Mormon community. There are, however, deeper reasons why, under the so-called steady drain, the people of Utah have grown wealthy in such a few years, but a discussion of those reasons does not come within the scope of this work.
The church organization provides for a distinct division into what is called Stakes, over which a president presides. This stake is composed of a number of wards, in cach of which the bishop is the leading ecclesiastical personage. There may be several wards in a city or town, and each ward has its own meeting-house or general place of worship. Each stake has or will have a Tabernacle, or-a place built by contributions from the church members in the several wards, and in which general meetings for the stake are held, as distinguished from the ward meeting-houses. These Taber- nacles are generally large and somewhat expensive buildings, second in cost only to the Temples, and as a rule, are the most costly structures in the stakes. Salt Lake, Cache, Box Elder, Weber, Utah, Juab, Washington. Summit and other Stakes all have Tabernacles, while remaining stakes will possess them in the near future. In addition to this the Relief Society organ- izations which comprise nearly all the adult lady members of the church, and whose organizations, following the same rule as the Young Men's and Young Ladies' Associations, have structures in a number of places; while in some instances the Improvement Associations possess buildings which are used for the purposes of the societies to which they belong. These are all religious organizations, though the structures of the Relief Societies and Improve- ment Associations are not of so sacred a character as either ward meeting- houses, Tabernacles or Temples. The vast amount expended in religious buildings, therefore, can better be imagined than estimated, but reflection will readily convince any intelligent person that the building of religious structures -- churches or Temples-in Utah, is not only a permanent industry. but is second in importance, in the amount of money used, or in the number of persons sustained thereby, to few in the Territory. It is, therefore, no unwarranted assumption to place it among the industries of the Territory. Of all these, however-unless the great Tabernacle at Salt Lake City is included-the largest, the costliest, and certainly the most magnificent, are the Temples. Two of these edifices are now completed and two are nearing completion. Though many sites are chosen for other Temples, these four are the only ones now commenced. Everything that will add to the effect on the eye or inspire a sense of grandeur and magnificence, has received consideration: and no expense has been spared to carry out any plans that will contribute to this greatly desired end. The
ST. GEORGE TEMPLE
presents a magnificent sight to the eye, and the effect on the mind can be understood only by those who have come suddenly upon the grand and solemn structure. The valleys in "Dixie" are very small: in fact, as a rule, they are merely river valleys, of somewhat more than the usual width. Coming from the north, within half a mile of St. George, the county road makes a sudden turn around a knoll on the general descent. when a full view
---
1
197
UTAH GAZETTEER.
of the Temple, standing on the level plain-grand, solemn, silent and white as the driven snow in contrast to the red mountains by which it is surrounded -bursts upon the delighted vision. The sight is one never to be forgotten. At the same moment the eye turns to the right and falls upon the city after which the Temple is named, and which nestles among the red hills. The cye never tires of the view, but while it rests on the scene, the Temple constitutes the principal feature.
The St. George Temple was completed a number of years ago. It is near the centre of the valley in which it is situated, and is some 330 miles south of Salt Lake City, measuring by the customary route and not by air line, and is but six miles north of the boundary line dividing Utah and Wyoming. Ground for the site was broken by Presidents Brigham Young and George A. Smith, on the 9th day of April, 1871. The foundation corner stones were laid March 10th, 1873. After the excavation had been made for the foundation it was discovered that the soil was softer in some places than in others; and a solid basis was secured by ram- ming volcanic rocks into the earth by the use of a 900-pound driver. On this footing were laid large flat volcanic rocks, which abound in this region. These rocks range from seven to twelve feet long, three to four feet. wide and from twelve to fourteen inches thick, and weigh from 4,000 to 7.500 pounds each. The foundation is ten feet in depth. The width at the bot- tom is twelve feet; and diminishes gradually from the bottom to the ground level. From the ground level to the top of the basement and water table, the wall is three feet eight inches thick. The length of the building is 144 feet eight inches; width, ninety-three feet four inches; height from grade of ground to top of parapet, eighty-four feet. The building is surmounted by a tower on the east end which has a square base, with octagon dome, the base being thirty-one fect square; and the tower is 175 feet from the ground to the top of the parapet vane. The structure is of volcanic rock and red sandstone, the foundation being of the former, the superstructure of the latter. The volcanic or foundation quarry is on the highest ridge west of St. George, and was rendered accessible only after a road had been made winding about the mountain side, a distance of some two miles, at a cost of over $3,000. It is no regular quarry; the road simply leads to a point on the mountain side where the volcanic rock is in greatest abundance. The rocks are detached and lay on the hillside, but some of them are of colossal size. and have to be drilled and blasted so that the fragments even can be handled. It seems to partake of the hardness of quartz, and the outside often resembles slag. indicating that it has been subject to great heat, if it is not actually lava. Within a few miles is what is called the "lava wash," which can be seen a great distance and which runs some twelve miles, where its source can be traced to the mouths of craters. The red sandstone-and it is a beautiful red-is taken from one of the most remarkable quarries imaginable. It is situated about a mile and a half from the temple, almost, if not entirely, due north, and is exceedingly easy of access. Here, for
almost any distance, can be traced a solid sandstone formation. For nearly half a mile it has been opened without showing break or a flaw, while its depth is as yet unascertained. The supposition seems reasonable that it should be a mountain of solid and unbroken sandstone, for the whole country is composed of sand, sandstone and volcanic rock. Blocks of any size can be cut out, and it is susceptible of a beautiful and a smooth dressing. This quarry has not a like in Utah. These quarries are referred to in this con- nection because it is to the temple that their opening and development is duc, and they are a natural and an immediate outgrowth of temple-building. The quantity of rock used is 1, 900 cords, or 17,000 tons. The structure from the water table up is plastered and whitewashed and stands grand and solemn in the centre of the plain. Perhaps the greatest exertion enforced
198
UTAH GAZETTEER.
by the building of the St. George Temple, was made necessary in securing the timber, which had to be hauled a distance of some eighty miles-over sand, broken mountains and through sandy plains-from Mount Trumbull, in Arizona. Fully 1,000,000 feet was used in the building. The basement contains fourteen rooms. The first main room is ninety-nine feet by seventy-seven feet. The ceiling is elliptical, and the centre of the ceiling is twenty-seven feet above the floor. On each side of the upper of this main room, eighteen feet from the floor, are eight rooms, each being eleven feet six inches by thirteen feet four inches and ten feet in height. The second main room and side rooms are duplicates of the first. The baptismal font in the basement is of iron, and cost at the foundry in Salt Lake City, $5,000, being a donation made by President Brigham Young. The weight of this font complete is 18,000 pounds. The temple was finished and received its preliminary dedication January Ist, 1877; and was opened for ceremonial purposes on the 9th day of January of the same year; and in the following April, on the 6th day of the month, at the general conference of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, held therein, the temple was fully dedi- cated. The architect was Truman O. Angell, W. H. Fulsom, assistant, and George Romney, master mechanic.
It stands in the plain a thing of magnificence and beauty, and inspires awe, no less on account of its magnitude than because of the difficulties mastered, the obstacles surmounted and the sacrifices endured by the people in its building, and which necessarily grew out of the adverse conditions and the poverty of the people by whom it was erected.
LOGAN TEMPLE
is situated on the edge of a commanding eminence which skirts Logan City on the east, sloping gently to the north, while the descent on the south and the west is abrupt. It is within half a mile of the Tabernacle and the same distance from the principal street. The hill rises abruptly; while, seeming to grow out of the brow, is a huge structure, pleasing and sym- metrical in shape. The position of the building is calculated to add to its magnificence as giving a wider general view and enhancing in a remarkable degree, and in a metaphysical way, the dimensions which, even cold and unrelieved, are colossal. But it is only when one stands at the foot of the stupendous and splendid edifice, only when he compares his own stature- with all his boasted pride and egotism-that his insignificance and the insignificance of surrounding edifices dawn fully and forcibly upon him. Nestling at the base of this hill lies the charming city of Logan, plainly visible as one runs down the divide between Box Elder and Cache County. After gazing on the city, the eye, lifted to the magnificent mountains still further east, is arrested by a huge building that seems to stand as an eternal sentinel to watch the peaceful habitations of men at its feet. It is the first view the stranger has of the building, and the eye seems never to tire as its outlines become clearer and more distinct with the rapid approach of the great iron civilizer, gliding through the long stretches of meadow and farm land lying in the centre of the valley between Mendon, the first settlement reached, and Logan, the capital of the county. The picture of the valley as seen from the top of the great structure and-as framed by the chain of low mountains on the south and east, and stretching away to the north a distance of sixty miles into dim and undefined outlines, while at hand and almost perpendicular rear the heads of the highest Wasatch towers-is one of surpassing beauty. Far away to the south lies Paradise, resting in a calm and lovely little valley; nearer, and on a hill slop- ing towards the structure, is Hyrum, the next largest settlement to Logan in the county; still nearer are Millville and Providence. To the southwest and lining the foothills of the chain hiding Brigham City, is Wellsville, the spot
.
199
UTAH GAZETTEER.
where the Pioneers to the valley first settled, at which time perhaps little was dreamed of the imposing ceremonies a later day was to witness ; six miles north and almost west of Logan is Mendon, one of the oldest cities in the county. To the north the eye falls on Hyde Park and Smithfield, Franklin and Richmond being hidden by intervening hills, and to the northwest, Newton, Benson Ward, Lewiston and Oxford in Idaho. The radical changes of the season can never drstroy the beauty Cache Valley presents viewed from the top of the Temple: in whatever garb coy Nature may choose to attire herself, whether the uncertain tints of summer, the bright red and the dark brown of autumn, the spotless robe of winter or the verdant hue of a tardy spring, whatever be her choice, this valley can never be other than beautiful. But that which pleases most the eye and leaves the deepest and most lasting impression on the mind of the intelligent spec- tator is the pleasant homes that surround this splendid monument to the efficacy of the united industry and public-spirited sentiment of Cache Valley's people. It is not that the homes are so pleasant, not that they are sur- rounded by thriving orchards, not that they are located in Logan alone; it is that out of this one structure many on which the eye rests in Logan and elsewhere have grown and do exist in a real and a taxable form, enriching the county and lightening the burden of taxation by sharing that burden. Not only is it parental as a matter of fact, but it is typical both as to struc- ture and to its commanding location.
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