USA > Utah > Salt Lake County > Salt Lake > Utah gazatteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo and Salt Lake cities, for 1884 > Part 29
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The Twelve Apostles are a traveling presiding high council, next in order of authority to the First Presidency. On the death of the President of the Church, the presiding authority falls on the next council in pre- cedence, which is the council of the Twelve Apostles, and continues with that council until another First Presidency is installed. The presidency of the council of the Twelve Apostles is decided by seniority or ordination.
The duties of the Twelve Apostles are to preach the Gospel and build up the Church and regulate the affairs of the same in all nations, under the direction of the First Presidency. It is the privilege and duty of the coun- cil of the Twelve Apostles, when sent out, to open the Gospel door to the various nations of the earth, and, when they need assistance, it is their duty to call preferentially on the Seventies to fill the calls for preaching and administering the Gospel.
The Seventies are organized into various councils of seventy, com- monly termed quorums. Each council of seventy has seven presidents, chosen out of the seventy, one of the seven presiding over the others and over the whole seventy. The seven presidents of the first council of seven- ties also preside over all the councils of seventies. There are now seventy- six councils of seventies, seventy members in each council when it is full.
In each Stake of Zion the High Priests assemble in council at stated times, perhaps once a month, for counsel and instruction in their duties, with a president and two counselors presiding over them.
Elders are organized in councils of ninety-six, each council with a pres- ident and two counselors.
Priests are organized in councils of forty-eight, each with a president and two counselors. This president must be a bishop.
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Teachers are organized in councils of twenty-four, each with a president and two counselors.
Deacons are organized in councils of twelve, each with a president and two counselors.
At the gathering places of the Latter-day Saints, the branches of the Church are organized into Stakes of Zion. In Utah these stakes are gener- ally, but not necessarily, co-extensive with counties. Each stake has a pres- ident, with his two counselors, and has also a high council, consisting of twelve High Priests. The president of a stake, with his two counselors, presides over the high council of that stake. The jurisdiction of the high council of a stake is appellate in most cases, but original in some. The decisions of a high council are usually, but not invariably, final. On an appeal from the decision of a high council, a hearing and decision can be had from a general assembly of the various councils of the Priesthood, which is the end of controversy in the Church, but such appeals are very rarely taken.
The jurisdiction of all councils in the Church is ecclesiastical, extending to fellowship and standing only, the extreme judgment in all cases being excommunication.
Each stake is divided into an irregular number of wards, over each of which a bishop, with his two counselors presides.
Each ward has its own meeting-house, as a rule.
Each stake has also its own meeting-house generally, for the holding of conferences and other meetings. In Utah and adjacent Territories there are twenty-two stakes, comprising about 280 bishops' wards. Salt Lake City is divided into twenty-one wards, the usual size of each of which is a square of nine ten-acre blocks, though most of the wards in the outskirts are con- siderably larger.
Each stake, as a rule, holds a quarterly conference, usually continuing two days.
The Church holds two general conferences yearly. They are held almost invariably in April and October, commencing on the sixth day of each of those months, and generally lasting three or four days. Occasion- ally special general conferences are held.
DOCTRINES.
The Latter-day Saints believe in the Bible as an inspired record of the dealings of God with men in the eastern hemisphere, and consequently believe in the creation or organization of the heavens and the earth by the word of God.
They believe that God placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, and that they were cast out therefrom for transgression, thereby bringing suffering and death into the world, including banishment from the presence of God.
That Jesus Christ was the Son of God, and that by his death he made atonement for the sins of Adam and of the whole world, so that men, by individual acceptance of the terms, can have their own sins forgiven or remitted and be reconciled to God.
That in order to obtain this forgiveness or remission and reconciliation, men must have faith in God and in Jesus Christ, repent of and forsake their sins, be baptized for the remission of them, have hands laid upon them by authorized ministers for the reception of the Holy Ghost, and live a pure life, keeping the commandments of God and walking in holiness before him.
That members of the Church should partake of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, at stated times, and assemble frequently to worship God and to be instructed in regard to their duties and privileges.
That it is the duty of members of the Church to pay first a tenth part of
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their property, and afterward a tenth of their increase or income for the advancement of the work of God.
That revelations from God and miraculous manifestations of his power were not confined to the apostolic and earlier ages, nor to the eastern hemi- sphere, but may be enjoyed in this age or in any dispensation or country.
That the Book of Mormon and the Doctrine and Covenants of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are revelations from God, the former being an inspired record of his dealings with the ancient inhabitants of this continent, and the latter consisting of revelations from him in this dis- pensation.
That he gave revelations to Joseph Smith and inspired him to translate the Book of Mormon and to organize the Church of Christ anew upon the earth in our day.
That this is the dispensation of the fulness of times, in which all things will be gathered together in one, both which are in heaven and which are on the earth.
That the gospel must be preached in all the world for a witness, and then the end shall come.
That those who believe in the gospel and receive the testimony of the servants of God should gather themselves together as one people upon this continent, to build up communities, cities, and temples to the name of the Lord, and to establish Zion, that they may escape the judgments which God is about to send upon the wicked, and be prepared for the coming of Jesus Christ to take upon him his power and reign on the earth as King of Kings and Lord of Lords.
That men and women should not indulge in the lusts of the flesh, and thereby corrupt, debase and destroy themselves and others.
That marriage, whether monogamic or polygamic, is honorable in all, and the bed undefiled, when such marriage is contracted and carried out in accordance with the law of God.
That the ten commandments are as binding now as when delivered to Moses on Mount Sinai, and that the two supreme commandments, into which Jesus Christ resolved the ten, are, with the ten, as binding now as when he was upon the earth in the flesh, which two commandments are as follows: "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets."
That every man is free to accept or reject the Gospel, but that he cannot receive remission of sins, nor be reconciled to God, nor enjoy eternal life in his presence, on any other terms than obedience to the Gospel.
That men will be rewarded or punished according to their works, whether good or evil.
That the dead, who did not obey the Gospel in this life, can hear and accept of it in the spirit world, their mortal relatives or friends attending to the ordinances of the gospel in their behalf.
That all mankind will be resurrected from the dead and will come forth to judgment and receive either reward or punishment, which will be various in degree, according to capacity, merit or demerit.
That the earth glorified will be the dwelling place of resurrected, glori- fied and immortal beings, who will have previously passed their mortal probation thereon, and that they will dwell upon it forever in the light and knowledge and glory of God.
ORDINANCES.
There are certain ordinances connected with the Gospel, most of which are essential to complete salvation, and all are desirable to be observed under proper circumstances.
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The first ordinance is baptism of water for the remission of sins. "Bap- tism is to be administered in the following manner unto all those who repent: The person who is called of God, and has authority from Jesus Christ to baptize, shall go down into the water with the person who has presented him or herself for baptism, and shall say, calling him or her by name, 'Having been commissioned of Jesus Christ, I baptize you in the name of the Father. and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen.' Then shall he immerse him or her in the water, and come forth again out of the water."
Baptism is analogous to the door of the Church. No person can become a member without baptism, and no person is eligible for baptism without repentance of sins committed. Consequently the candidate must have arrived at the years of accountability, and be capable of repentance. "All those who humble themselves before God, and desire to be baptized and come forth with broken hearts and contrite spirits, and witness before the Church that they have truly repented of all their sins, and are willing to take upon them the name of Jesus Christ, having a determination to serve him to the end, and truly manifest by the works that they have received of the spirit of Christ unto the remission of their sins, shall be received by baptism into his Church."
Children are eligible for baptism on attaining the age of eight years, previous to which age they are not considered accountable before God for their transgressions.
No person who has been excommunicated from the Church can be readmitted without repentance and baptism as at first.
Baptism for the dead is administered in a similar manner to baptism for the living, a living person acting as proxy for the dead person on whose account the baptism is administered.
After baptism the candidates are confirmed members of the Church by the laying on of hands, that they may receive the Holy Ghost.
The duty of every "member of the Church of Christ having children, is to bring them unto the elders, before the Church, who are to lay their hands upon them in the name of Jesus Christ, and bless them in his name."'
The laying on of hands is an ordinance also in the giving of patriarchal or other blessings to members of the Church, in ordination to office in the Priesthood, in setting persons apart to particular duties or callings or mis- sions, and in administering to the sick in connection with anointing with consecrating oil and the prayer of faith.
In regard to the ordinance or sacrament of the Lord's Supper, the mem-' bers of the Church are required to meet together often to partake of the bread and wine (or water, when pure home-made grape wine cannot be had) in remembrance of the Lord Jesus. An elder or a priest can admin- ister it. Usually the elder or the priest officiating breaks the bread into small pieces, kneels with members of the Church assembled; and calls upon God, the Father, in solemn prayer, saying "O God, the eternal Father, we ask in the name of thy Son, Jesus Christ, to bless and sanctify this bread to the souls of all those who partake of it, that they may cat in remembrance of the body of thy Son, and witness unto thee, O God, the eternal Father, that they are willing to take upon them the name of thy Son, and always remember him and keep his commandments which he has given them, that they may always have his Spirit to be with them. Amen."
After the members have partaken of the bread, the person officiating takes the cup and engages in prayer, saying, "O God, the eternal Father, we ask thee in the name of thy Son, Jesus Christ, to bless and sanctify this wine (or water) to the souls of all those who drink of it, that they may do it in remembrance of the blood of thy Son, which was shed for them; that they may witness unto thee, O God, the eternal Father, that they do always remember him, that they may have his Spirit to be with them. Amen."
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There is also the ordinance of marriage.
No person has authority to preach the Gospel, or administer in any ordinance thereof, unless he holds the Priesthood, and then only in such ordinances as the particular office to which he has been ordained empowers him, and often only by special calling and appointment.
A regularly organized system of proselytizing is carried on in which all members are expected to assist when called upon by the authorities:
During the last twenty-two years, about three thousand missionaries, and previously, since the organization of the Church, probably about one thousand five hundred more, have been sent to the various nations to preach the Gospel, besides hundreds of native elders, traveling and preaching more locally, in the several missions thus established. Missionary elders went to Canada as early as 1833; England in 1837; Wales, Scotland, Isle of Man, Ireland, Australia and East Indies in 1840; Palestine in 1841. Elder Orson Hyde passing through the Netherlands, Bavaria, Austria, Turkey and Egypt, on his way; Society Islands in 1844; the Channel Islands and France in 1849; Denmark, Sweden, Italy, Switzerland and the Sandwich Islands in 1850; Norway, Iceland, Germany and Chili in 1851; Malta, the Cape of Good Hope, Burmah and the Crimea in 1852; Gibraltar, Prussia, China, Ceylon and the West Indies in 1853; Siam and Turkey in 1854; Brazil in 1855; the Netherlands in 1861; Austria in 1864; Mexico in 1877.
Previous to the settling of the Church in Salt Lake Valley, about five thousand Latter-day Saints had emigrated from Europe to America, mostly to Nauvoo. Since that time the emigration of Latter-day Saints from Europe has amounted to nearly seventy thousand souls, making an average of about two thousand annually, nearly all coming to Utah.
The Book of Mormon was published in England in 1841; in Danish in 1851; in Welsh, French, German and Italian in 1852; in Hawaiian in 1855; in Swedish in 1878. Several years ago it was translated into Hindostanee and into Dutch. In 1876 portions of it were published in Spanish, and the whole is now prepared for publication in that language. It is said that it was published in Russian in New York, in 1872, by a gentleman not in the Church.
The Book of Doctrine and Covenants of the Church, in addition to numerous editions in English, in America and England, was published in Welsh in 1851, Danish in 1852, and German in 1876. Many regular periodi- cals, advocating the doctrines of the Church, have been published in America, England, Wales, Denmark, Sweden, France, Germany, Switzer- land, Australia, and India. Hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of other books and tracts have been published by the elders in various languages in the different quarters of the globe.
The following temples were built by the Latter-day Saints outside of Utah:
Kirtland, Ohio, So by 60 feet; corner stones laid July 23, 1833; dedi- cated March 27, 1836.
Nauvoo, Illinois, 128 by 88 feet; corner stones laid April 6, 1841; dedi- cated October 5 and November 30, 1845, and February 8 and April 30 and May 1, 1846; burned by an incendiary November 19, 1848.
The site for a temple was dedicated at Independence, Jackson County, Missouri, August 3, 1831.
The corner stones of a temple, 110 by 80 feet, were laid at Far West, Caldwell County, Missouri, July 4, 1838.
There are twenty-one stake organizations of the Church in Utah, each of which has a president and two counselors. The following gives the · name of each stake, the name of its president, and its membership, as reported less than six months ago. The membership reported is believed
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somewhat under, though the estimates are carefully made and are as accur- ate as it is possible to get them:
Stake.
President.
Membership.
Bear Lake,
William Budge,
4.324
Beaver. .
J. R. Murdock,
1,711
Box Elder,
O. G. Snow, .
7.414
Cache,
C. O. Card,
18,239
Davis,
W. R. Smith,
5.373
Emery, .
C. G. Larsen,
1,827
Juab,
William Paxman,
2,649
Kanab,
L. J. Nuttall,
1,495
Millard,
Ira N. Hinckley,
2,894
Morgan,
Willard G. Smith,
1,554
Panguitch,
Jesse W. Crosby, Jr.,
1,747
Parowan,
Thomas J. Jones, .
2, 228
Salt Lake,
Angus M. Cannon,
23,759
Sanpete,
Canute Petersen,
11,673
St. George,
J. D. T. McAllister,
4,397
Sevier, .
Franklin Spencer, .
4,854
Summit,
W. W. Cluff,
3,064
Toocle, .
Hugh S. Gowans,
2,984
Utah,
A. O. Smoot,
16,770
Wasatch,
Abram Hatch, .
3,323
Weber,
L. W. Shurtliff,
9,37[
Total membership,
149,600
The present authorities of the Church are: John Taylor, President; George Q. Cannon, Joseph F. Smith, counselors to the President; Wilford Woodruff, Lorenzo Snow, Franklin D. Richards, Brigham Young, Albert Car- rington, Moses Thatcher, Francis M. Lyman, John Henry Smith. George Teasdale, Heber J. Grant and John W. Taylor, Twelve Apostles; Daniel H. Wells and John W. Young, counselors to the Twelve Apostles; John Smith, Patriarch; Elias Smith, President of the High Priests' Quorum; Henry Har- riman, Horace S. Eldredge, Jacob Gates, W. W. Taylor, Abraham H. Can- non, Seymour B. Young and Christian I). Fjelsted, First Seven Presidents of the Seventies; William B. Preston, presiding bishop of the Church, with Leonard W. Hardy and Robert T. Burton as counselors; John Taylor, Trustee-in-Trust for the Church; Wilford Woodruff, Church Historian, with F. D. Richards as assistant; Albert Carrington, President of the Per- petual Emigrating Fund; Truman O. Angell, church architect, with T. O. Angell, Jr., and William H. Folsom as assistants.
In addition, there are German and Scandinavian branches of the church, at which services are held in those languages. The Indian mission, also a branch work of the Latter-day Saints, has for its object the conversion of the Indians to the Latter-day Saint faith, and their civilization. There are several of these missions, one in Malad Valley, another in Thistle Valley. another in Tooele County, and still others elsewhere.
SECRET SOCIETIES.
ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN.
The Ancient Order of United Workmen is a general organization for the mutual benefit of its members and their families. It embraces in its mem- bership men of every vocation, profession and occupation-employers and
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employees-workers of all classes, whether their labor be mental or physi- cal. It has no connection with any religious sect, political party, or organ- ization for affecting the prices of labor or commo lities, but is d " igned to promote fraternity, mental and social improvement and mutual assistance.
The most distinctive feature of the Order is what is designated as the Beneficiary Fund, by means of which the sum of $2,000 is secured to each member's family, or such person or persons as he may choose to designate.
Each person who becomes a member of the Order pays to the l'inan- cier of his Lodge $1 for the Beneficiary Fund. The Lodges are notified at the first of the month to for vard their portion of the Fund on hind ($1 for each member), and an assessment is made to replace the amount forwarded.
In the first year in the working of the Supreme Lodge (1873-4) the number of assessments made upon the members of the Lodge directly under its jurisdiction was 20; second year, 14; third year, 15; . fourth year, 15; fifth year (1877-8), 14; sixth year, 16; seventh year, 22; eighth year, 21. The average cost to each member, therefore, has been $17. 12% per year, being a little more than 416 cents per day as the cost of a completely secured guaranty of $2,000, to be paid on the death of the member.
No distinction is made on account of age in the cost of membership or insurance in the Order, but the average cost to individual members in Grand Lodge Beneficiary Jurisdictions, is about twenty dollars per year for carrying $2,000.
The Ancient Order of United Workmen beneficial system is simple, casily understood, economical in its workings, and in all its details comes under the direct observation and care of the members, who meet weekly in their Lodges, where the business is transacted, and where they enjoy the advantages of social and fraternal intercource, and of mental improvement.
All money paid on assessments for the Beneficiary Fund goes to the payment of death benefits, without re:luction even for expenses, these being provided for out of a General Fund raised in cach Lodge. There are no commissions, fees or salaries to be paid out of it, but the entire amount paid in goes to the widows, orphans, or other heirs of deceased brethren.
A medical examination is'required, under such rules as are generally adopted by life insurance companies. The character of the applicant must also be investigated and the Lodge pass upon his application by ballot. Persons between the ages of 21 and 50 only are admitted.
The Order is composed of Subordinate Lodges, Grand Lodges, and a Supreme Lodge. Subordinate Lodges in States or Territories where no Grand Lodge has been established are under the immediate jurisdiction of, and report to, the Supreme Lodge until a Grand Lodge is established. A Grand Lodge for Nevada was instituted on May 19, 1881, with eleven Lodges represented.
When a Grand Lodge has over 2,000 members under its jurisdiction, it can be set apart as a separate Beneficiary District if desired. In this case the members are assessed only for the deaths which occur within such Dis- trict or Jurisdiction, and the Grand Lodge collects the assessments and pays the death benefits under the laws and regulations adopted by the Supreme Lodge.
The organization has had a representative Lodge in Salt Lake City since July 20, 1882, but since October, 1883, the order has commenced to grow in that city, until its present membership foots up 52. There are lodges organized in Provo, Ogden, American Fork, Park City. Frisco, Silver Reef, Beaver, Kelton, Bingham and Terrace, in Utah Territory, which, with the lodges in Nevada, Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, form the Grand Lodge of this jurisdiction.
Total membership on March Ist, 1884: Pennsylvania, 14,000; Ohio, 3,622;
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Kentucky. 1,474; Indiana, 2,300; Iowa, 2,000; New York, 18,535; Illinois. 13,459; Missouri,, 11, 370; Minnesota, 2,000; Wisconsin, 4,970; Tennessee, 2,098; Michigan, 7,635; California, 16, 121 ; Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, North and South Carolina and Florida, 870; Kansas, 5,429; Ontario, 7,679; Oregon and Washington, 3,744; Massachusetts, 5,100; Maryland, New Jersey and Delaware, 3,338; Texas, 1,807; Nevada, 2,300; Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona, 728; Subordinate Lodges under the immediate iuris- diction of Supreme Lodge, 251; total, 131,722.
FREE MASONS.
The Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of Utah was organized January 17th, 1872, by the three Lodges then existing in the Territory, viz: Wasatch, No. 1, with 48 members; Mount Moriah, No. 2, with 52, and Argenta, No. 3, with 24; total, 124 members. At the first annual communication, held October 7th, 1872, the Grand Secretary, Joseph F. Nounnan, reported four Lodges on the roll, with 165 members and $2, 321.80 in their treasuries. At this communication, R. H. Robertson, Esq., (died January 4th, 1879), was elected Grand Master and Christopher Diehl, Grand Secretary. The Grand Lodge now holds its communications on the third Tuesday in January of each year. At the thirteenth annual communication, held January 16th, 1884, P. H. Emerson, Grand Master, presiding, the Grand Secretary, Christopher Diehl, reported eight Lodges in the jurisdiction, with a membership of 469. The amount of funds in the Lodge treasuries was $11,685.55, and their property was valued at $7,900. During the year they expended for charity, $1, 201, and paid for Grand Lodge dues, $1,477. James Lowe was elected Grand Master, Samuel Kahn, Grand Treasurer, and Christopher Diehl, Grand Secretary. The following are the Lodges under the supremacy of the Grand Lodge of Utah:
Wasatch Lodge, No. 1, at Salt Lake City, 100 members; Samuel Paul, Worshipful Master; Julius Malsh, Secretary. Regular meeting the second Friday of each month.
Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 2, Salt Lake City, 103 members; John F. Hardie, Master; Hugh Anderson, Secretary. Regular meeting the second Monday of each month.
Argenta Lodge, No. 3, Salt Lake City, 72 members; John S. Scott, Master; Moses Casper Phillips, Secretary. Regular meeting the first Tues- day of each month.
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