USA > Utah > Salt Lake County > Salt Lake > Utah gazatteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo and Salt Lake cities, for 1884 > Part 8
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The variety of clays is as great as the beds are extensive. It is found in Juab, Utah, Beaver, Sevier, Davis and other Counties, and the varieties are: Brick, fire, putty, potter's, and porcelain or kaolin, while a fire stone, which it is believed will yet supercede fire brick, has been discovered in Beaver. It is so soft that it can be cut when first discovered, but subjected to heat it becomes incredibly hard. A soap clay, utilized for washing sheep, has been found overlying the coal beds in Weber County; red and yellow ochres abound, while the number and quantity of mineral fer- tilizers is absolutely without end. In addition to these, precious stones are found, with petrifactions, meteorological curiosities and fossils of the Silurian, Devonian, both Carboniferous and Permian ages, together with volcanic outpourings, obsidian, magnetic sand, jet, lithographic rock, etc.
People, especially those of limited experience and information, are slow to enter industries with which they are not familiar, and thus too many are content to wait for others to prove the value of our great deposits of excel- lent iron, copper, coal, salt, gypsums, our immense deposits of sulphur, ozocerite, albertite, veins of graphite, seams of jet, etc., before they under- take to avail themselves of them. An energy, such as is displayed in the search for the precious metals, would reveal without fail such an amount of these minerals as would astonish many at the resources of Utah Territory.
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UTAH GAZETTEER.
All of these represent wealth, awaiting but the proper energy and develop- ment to become of real value.
NOTES.
. Oil wells were discovered in Bear Lake Valley as early as 1870, at which time one barrel of crude oil ran out per day. An abortive attempt was made to develop them.
Flowing oil was discovered in Emery County thirteen years later: nothing has been done to develop the last discovery up to date.
Magnetic ore was found near Salt Lake City in 1870.
Specimens of marble found their way from Alpine, Utah County, in 1870.
About 1,000 men found employment in and from mines in the Cotton- woods during the summer of 1870.
On the 6th day of August, 1870, the Woodhull Brothers, pioneer mining men of this region, exhibited 5,000 pounds of bullion, the first run from the first smelter operated in Utah, and which was made two days pre- vious.
The erection of the first smelting works began June 11, 1870, by Woodhull Brothers, on Little Cottonwood Creek.
The cash transactions in mining claims during the month of December, 1871, amounted to over $500,000.
Horn silver was discovered in East Canyon by S. R. Bebee, the weight of which was about thirty-six ounces. Investigation showed it to be almost entirely pure silver.
During the week ending January 21, 1870, 650,000 pounds of ore was shipped from the .Emma Mine, Alta, to the Howland Sampling Works, then in operation.
During 1870, a great many mines were discovered and numerous min- ing districts organized.
On the 13th day of February, 1871, the first smelting works started up in Bingham.
Lithographic rock found in May, 1873.
Graphite was discovered in July of 1879.
Petroleum was discovered in Spanish Fork Canyon, June 27, 1878.
About forty mining companies were organized in Utah in 1879, with capital stock ranging from $500,000 per company up to $10,000,000, the limit allowed by law.
In August of 1870 a curious discovery was made by a company of . miners, in Kamas Prairie, Weber Valley. In digging in a sort of hole filled up with loose dirt, they came upon what proved to be an old shaft. The wall had been cut by some instrument, and whoever did the work had left a series of steps, supposed to have been used for removing the debris of the old mine. When the working party reached the lower end of the shaft, they found a tunnel running underneath for an indefinite distance, and in remov- ing the rubbish specimens of tolerably rich silver ore were found. There is reason to believe that it is the work of Mexicans. In 1852 one of a party of Mexicans, arrested in this Territory for kidnapping Indians to reduce them to slavery, confessed the act to General Wm. H. Kimball, then deputy marshal, under whose charge they were, and said it was the best paying business they had engaged in from the time they had stopped packing ore.
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UTAH GAZETTEER.
On being questioned further, the Mexican said he used to pack ore to Santa Fe from a point about fifty miles from what was known as Provo Fort up the Timpanogas River. This would be in the neighborhood of where the ancient mine was discovered.
MINERALS.
COMPLETE LIST OF MINERALS DISCOVERED UP TO DATE IN UTAH.
To give an idea of the mineral resources of Utah the following list is appended, inasmuch as it will go a long way towards demonstrating the confidence of the people in the mining and manufacturing future of the Territory. There may be still others, and it is certain new ones are yet to be discovered-among others tin, Professor J. E. Clayton giving it as his opinion that one might reasonably look for this rare metal in the region hereabouts-but it is as complete as can be had, and is all sufficient for the purpose:
Actinolite.
Agate. Agatized Wood. Alabaster. Albite. Alum in varieties. Almandite. Amethyst. Amphibole in varieties. Anglesite, or Lead Sulphate. Anthraconite. Apatite. Aragonite. Argentite, or Sulphide of Silver. Argentiferous Galena. Arsenolite. Arsenopyrite. Asbestus. Atacamite, or Chloride of Copper. Augite. Azurite, or Copper Carbonate. Barite. Barytocalcite. Basalt. Biolite.
Bird Guano. Bismuth. Bitumen.
Blende, or Zinc Sulphide. Blue Vitriol.
Bog Iron Ore. Bornite, or Purple Copper, Bole in varieties.
Bosjemanite, or Manganese Alum.
Calamine, or Zinc Silicate. Calcite in varieties. Calecpar.
Cats-eye Opal.
Cerargyrite, or Silver Chloride.
Cerussite, or Lead Corbonate.
Chalcanthite, or Copper Sulphate. Chaclcedony.
Chalcocite, or Vitreous Copper.
Chalcopyrite, or Copper Pyrites. Chalybite. Chessylite, or Copper Carbonate. Chromite. Chrysocolla, or Copper Silicate. Chrysolite. Cinnabar. Coal in varieties.
Copper.
Cuprite, or Red Copper Ore. Dendrite. Dolomite. Dog-tooth Spar, (callcte.)
Embolite, or Chlor-Bromid Silver.
Epidote.
Epsomite. Erubescite. Feldspar in varieties. Floss Ferri. Fanklinite. Freieslebenite, or Gray Silver Ore. Fuller's Earth. Galenite.
Garnet in varieties.
Geyserite.
UTAH GAZETTEER.
68 Glauberite. Gold. Granite in varieties. Graphite, or Plumbago. Gray Copper Ore. Halite in varieties. Hematite in varieties. Horn Blende. Horn Silver, or Cerargyrite. Hydrargillite. Hydrocuprite, or Copper Ore. Hydrosteatite. Hydrosiderite.
Iron Pyrite. Iron Ochres. Iron Vitriol. Jasper in varieties. Jet.
Kaolinite, or Porcelain Clay. Lava.
Lignite in varieties.
Limonite, or Iron Ore.
Linarite, or Cupreous Anglesite.
Lodestone, or Magnetic Iron Ore. Magnesite. Magnetite.
Malachite, or Copper Carbonate. Marble in varieties. Marcasite, or White Pyrites. Marl in varieties.
Miargyrite, or White Ruby Silver. Mica in varieties.
Micacrous Hematite, or Iron Ore. Mineral Wax, see Utahcerite. Mispickel. Molybdate of Lead. Moss Agate. Muscovite, or Mica.
Nitre. Nitro-Calcite. Nitro-Glauberite. Obsidian. Ochres in varieties. Olivine. Onyx. Oolite.
Opal in varieties. Opalized Wood. Ozocerites, see Utahcerites.
Paraffine, Native, see Claytoni. Pea-stone, see Pisolite. Petrified Wood. Phosgenite. Phenacite. Pickeringite, or Magnesia Alum. Pisolite.
Utahcerite
Plumbago. Prase, or Green Quartz. Proustite, or Ruby Silver. Pyrargyrite, or Ruby Silver. Pyrites in varieties.
Pyrolusite, or Manganese Ore. Pyromorphite, or Lead Phosphate. Pyroxene in varieties.
Quartz in varieties. Radiated Calcite.
Ribbon Jasper. Rock Salt.
Rose Quartz.
Ruby Silver, see Pyrargyrite.
Ruby Copper, see Cuprite. Sal Ammoniac.
Saltpeter. Sard.
Sardonyx.
Satin Spar.
Selenite, or Transparent Gypsum.
Siderite.
Siliceous Sinter.
Silver.
Smithsonite, or Zinc Carbonate.
Smoky Quartz.
Soap-stone in varieties.
Soda, Carbonate.
Specular Iron.
Sphalerite, or Zinc Blende.
Spinel. Stalactites.
Stephanite, or Black Brittle Silver Ore.
Stibnite, or Antimony Ore.
Sulphide of Silver.
Sulphur in varieties.
Topaz, white, yellow and bluc.
Tourmaline.
Trachyte. Tremolite.
Tufa in varieties.
Talc in varieties.
Tetrahedrite, or Gray Copper Ore.
Utah Mineral Wax, or Utahcerite Claytoni, see Paraffine.
Velvet Copper.
Vitreous Copper Ore.
Volcanic Glass.
Volcanic Scoria.
Wad, or Manganese Ore.
Witherite. Wulfenite.
Zeolites in varieties. Zincite, or Zinc Oxide. Zinc Blende. Zinc Sulphide.
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UTAH GAZETTEER.
The bullion product reported up to 1879 aggregated $46,798, 115. This amount includes the total bullion production, and is divided during eleven years as follows:
BULLION OUTPUT.
Year.
Amount.
1869,
200, 000
1870,
1, 300, 000
1871,
3,000,000
1872,
2, 500,000
1873,
3,800,000
1874,
4,000,000
1875,
7,000,000
1876,
6,600,000
1877,.
7, 113, 755
1878,
6,064,613
1879,
5,219,747
Total,
46,798, 115
As early as July, 1871, there had been organized no less than thirty mining districts in this Territory. They were all embraced in an area run- ning 100 miles north and south of a central point, less than 100 miles running east and west, and were as here given : Logan, Millville, Mineral Point, Dry Lake, Willow Creek, Weber, Farmington, Centreville, Church Island, Hot Springs, New Eldorado, Big Cottonwood, American Fork, Uintah, Snake Creek, Deer Creek, Spanish Fork, Mount Nebo, East Tintic, West Tintic, Osceola, Pelican Point, Camp Floyd, Lower, West Mountain, Ophir, Rush Valley, Tooele, Lake Side. Several of these have passed out of active existence. If the others, save perhaps four-Big Cottonwood, American Fork, East and West Tintic-continue to exist, it is merely in name. Be that as it may, there are over three times the number to-day which steadily contribute to the wealth of the country by yielding the crude metals in their boundaries. At present there are ninety-five mining districts in the Territory, which are more or less of note. The bulk of the produc- tion is confined to a few, though all contribute in a greater or less degree to the annual output. A rough estimate places the annual expenditure on mines at $10,000,000, while the output does not reach that figure. It does not follow that mining is a loss, but, according to commercial laws, the income is a large dividend upon the amount invested. It is also a safe esti- mate that each year will see a greater proportionate increase in the output, to the amount invested. The bullion output for 1883 is divided as follows:
MONTHS 1833.
BUI.LION.
LEAD.
COPPER & COPPER MATTE.
WHITE LEAD AND L'D PIPE.
ORE.
ANTI- MONY.
TOTALS.
January ...
5.067 677
502,794
231,295
February
4,358,095
50,720
336,570
4,795.385
March
3.791,835
95,593
3-9.430 148,410
74.415
816,035
5.940,304
June
4,362,693
146,240
21,600
1,341,090
5,873,623
July
4,477,313
64,657
2,998.030
7.439,900
August .
3,697,253
49,969
3.363,438
8,1 10,660
September
5,114,194
95,110
2,976,90
8,186,284
October
5,853,013
115,150
1,973,670
7.940,853
November
6,301,265
128,017
3,430,960
9,760,313
December.
5,188,730
431,676
150,000
3,501,9So
9,373,386
Total
58,51 3,391 3,243,294
1,101.753 798,301
1,243,995
739,918 41,385
20,370,133 495,690
23,000
.$1,971,122 4,600,670
4,263,177
April.
4,353,197
23,970
4.587,533
May
4,049,854
41,000
43.360 21,660
5,801,766
January, 1884
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UTAH GAZETTEER.
SMELTING, REDUCTION AND SAMPLING WORKS.
The furnaces used at present are among the finest in the country, embracing all the modern improvements, water jackets, excellent blowing machinery, and have a reduction capacity from 20 to 160 tons each of ore per day. As only the best and most effective can live now, the old and small stacks are being replaced by new and larger ones, using all the modern improvements. At present there are seventeen establishments, using forty-six stacks in the operation of which they turn out over 2,000 tons of bullion per month.
There are twenty mills in Utah with about 350 or more stamps, and about 100 pans and settlers. The cost of a chloridizing mill is $3,000 to $4,000 a stamp.
Perhaps the Germania is the most systematically run smelter in Utah. It is situated in South Cottonwood, seven miles from Salt Lake City, on the Utah Central and Denver and Rio Grande railroads. The smelting works consist of four shaft and one reverberatory furnaces. The furnace fumes are conducted from the stacks in tight iron flues, 6x312 feet to a large tight dust chamber 25x35 feet, and thence by a flue 300 feet long to a stack 108 feet high. In addition the works comprise everything necessary to produce fine silver bars, litharge and all kinds of lead-common, refined, white, sheet, pipe, shot and test lead. The latter is chemically pure. The four stacks have a daily capacity of 180 tons; refining capacity, 40 tons. White lead capacity, 10 tons daily, and everything else in proportion.
Francklyn smelting works are situated one mile north of the Germania. They consist of five shaft and one reverberatory furnaces ; capacity of 250 tons daily. These works, with the Germania, are considered the best in the country.
Waterman smelting works, situated at Rush Lake, near Stockton. They contain two shaft furnaces connected with a very efficient condensation chamber. The furnace is a round one, having at the tuyeres a diameter of three feet and four inches. Height from bottom of hearth to slag spout, 22 inches; to center of tuyeres, 33 inches; from tuyer to charge door, II feet. There are four water tuyeres with 3-inch nozzles. The furnaces are 9 feet high from the slag top to the charging. Their size is 30x40 inches in the hearth; above they are widened by means of a flat bosh to 4x4 feet.
Chicago smelting works are situated in Slag Town, in Rush Lake, near Stockton. They contain three shaft and one reverberatory furnaces.
Park City smelter is situated at Park City, Uintah district, and consists of two shaft and one reverberatory furnaces; capacity 60 tons.
Jordan smelting works, situated on the Utah Central and Denver and Rio Grande Railroads. They consist of two reverberatory and six shaft furnaces. Five shaft furnaces are elliptical, 60x30 inches, interior dimen- sions, 10x6 inches from tuyeres to feed door, 14 inches from tuyeres to slag tap, and 24 inches from tap to sole. A sixth shaft furnace is octagonal, 42 inches in diameter, 12 feet 6 inches in height, and like the rest in other dimensions. All are run with closed fronts, and have water jackets extend- ing 14 inches below and 2 feet six inches above the tuyeres. Above the water jackets the stack rests on pillars, like a Pilz furnace. The jackets are rivetted boiler plate, giving an inner similar space three inches across, which is closed at the top by a plate rivetted on. The water is fed in the jacket one inch below the top, and the discharge pipe is in the top, and rises one inch before turning. This keeps the jacket constantly full, and prevents the accumulation of steam. The jackets are separate segments, held in place by a strip of thin band iron. When the furnace is run down and has to be cleaned, the band is loosened and the front jacket is taken out. This arrangement is unsurpassed for convenience. There are two engines of 25
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UTAH GAZETTEER.
and 35 horse power respectively, four Mackenzie blowers, a sampling mill, concentrating and leaching works, and a water ditch nine and a-half miles long, capable of furnishing 250 horse power.
Saturn smelting works at Sandy, consist of two shaft furnaces.
Hanauer smelting works are situated at Morgan, on the Utah Central Railroad about one mile north of Germania. They have two shafts and two reverberatory furnaccs.
The Mingo smelting works are situated at Sandy, on the Utah Central and the Denver and Rio Grande Railroads. They have four shaft furnaces.
The Flagstaff smelting works are situated at Sandy. They have four shaft and one reverberatory furnaces. Water jackets are used.
The Pascoe smelter is situated at the northwest side of Salt Lake City, and has one shaft furnace.
The American Antimony Company's smelter in Garfield County.
In San Francisco district are four smelting works: The Godbe smelter with two shaft furnaces; the Campbell & Cullen smelters with three shaft furnaces; the Williams smelter with one shaft furnace; The Shauntie smelter with one shaft furnace.
In American Fork is the Sultana smelter, owned by the Miller Mining and Smelting Company, with twenty charcoal kilns; this smelter has three shaft and one reverberatory furnaces. The shaft furnaces are of the Plitty patent, nine feet above the tuyeres. The section of the hearth No. 1 is twenty by thirty-six inches. It has six water tuyeres, with two and one-half inches nozzles. The size of No. 2 and No. 3 in the hearth is twenty-four by thirty-two inches. They have four tuyeres each. All the furnaces are provided with the automatic tap.
The Tintic Mining and Milling Company's mill is situated about two miles northeasterly from Eureka hill. It consists of a ten stamp battery, Stedefeldt chloridizing furnace, dry kilns and the necessary appurtenances to make a first-class plant.
The Ontario mill situated at Park City, Uintah District, has forty stamps and is provided with all modern improvements. A 250 horse power steam engine is required to run the machinery.
The Marsac mill, situated at Park City, Uintah District, has thirty stamps, ten pans, five settlers, a dry crusher and a 150 horse power engine. McHenry mill, Parley's Park.
Pioneer, Enterprise and Fairview mills in Ophir Mining District.
Stewart No. I and Stewart No. 2 mills in West Mountain Mining Dis- trict.
Next to the smelters are the sampling works: J. C. Conklin's, at Salt Lake City, capacity 200 tons daily.
Sandy sampling works, at Sandy, owned by Messrs. Scott and Ander- son. Capacity up to 500 tons daily; consists of buildings 100 feet in length, and ore sheds 100 feet in length. Steam engine of twenty horse power, rock-breaker, rotary crusher, dry chamber and track and wagon scales. Altogether the plant is first-class.
The sampling works built by R. Mackintosh have proven and are proving a great success. The works embrace a main building forty by one hundred and fifty feet, to which is attached the engine and boiler room, twenty-four by thirty feet, ore sheds, sixteen by one hundred feet, two office buildings, wagon and railway platform scales and platforms to handle the ore upon. A thirty horse power steam engine works the large crusher, bar and pulp mills.
All the above works are substantial, convenient and first-class.
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UTAH GAZETTEER.
MOUNTAIN RANGES OF UTAH.
Most of the mining districts of Utah are situated in and confined to the two principal mountain ranges of said Territory. These ranges run on either side of the Jordan Valley, almost parallel to each other, and are known as the Wasatch and Oquirrh Ranges.
The Wasatch Range extends from the Territory of Idaho, on the north- ern boundary of Utah, to the Colorado River on the south, running in a south- southwesterly direction through the central portion of Utah, and forming the division between the Great Salt Lake Basin on the west-northwest and the waters of the Colorado River on the east-southeast. The flanks of this range differ materially in their geological structure and appearance; the eastern flank is formed either by a series of broad terraces and plateaus, or in long waving ridges and slopes, such as are peculiar to the apex of the coal formations. In the eastern flank we observe mainly the sandstones, shales and limestones peculiar to the Cretacious and Tertiary ages, in which appear the large coal beds known to exist in Utah Territory. The western flank of the Wasatch is very steep and abrupt, and comprises the older crystalline rocks of the Silurian, Devonian and the Carboniferous ages, in which appear the rich mineral deposits and which are the treasure chambers for which Utah is justly celebrated in America. The altitude of the Wasatch range varies between 8,000 and 12, 500 feet above the level of the sea. It is also a peculiar phenomenon that the dislocations of the form- ations on the western flank are more numerous and extensive than those of the eastern. The principal mining districts, situated in the Wasatch range are: Portage, Logan, Millville, Mineral Point, Willard, Bear Canyon, Adams, Mill Creek, New Eldorado, Uintah, Blue Ledge, Big and Little Cottonwood, American Fork, Silver Lake, Draperville, Snake Creek, Provo, Cook, Spanish Fork, Santaquin, Timmons or Mount Nebo, Canal, Gordon, Granite, Beaver, Ohio, Warsaw, Antimony, Summer, Iron Spring or Magnetic, Silver Belt, Pinto and Harrisburg.
The Oquirrh Range commences at the south end the Great Salt Lake, and extends far into the southern part of the Territory. The formations of this range are entirely of the rocks peculiar to the Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous ages, and show a series of extensive breaks and faults. The mining districts situated in the Oquirrh Mountain Range are: West Moun- tain or Bingham, Tooele, Rush Valley or Stockton, Ophir, Camp Floyd, Cedar Valley, Osceola, Spring Pass, Utah, Tintic, Oak Creek, Granite, . Bradshaw, Lincoln, Gordon and Galena.
Both mountain ranges are crossed by powerful and extensive dykes of eruptive rock, representing principally granite, syenitic and dioritic prophy- ries and diabase. Besides the before-mentioned large and principal mountain ranges of Utah are several others of less extent. The first of these is situated about eighteen miles west of the Oquirrh Range, and known as the Onoqui, or Skull Valley range; this range begins at the western side of the Great Salt Lake, and extends into Sevier Valley, where it disappears in the desert plain. The mining districts situated in the Onoqui Mountain Range, are: Lake Side, Columbia and Indian Spring Districts.
West of the Onoqui Range appears the Cedar Mountain Range, which is more extensive than the former, commencing on the Central Pacific Rail- road by Summit Station, and running southerly through the Great Desert a
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UTAH GAZETTEER.
78
distance of more than three hundred miles. The mining districts situated in the Cedar Range are: Dugway, Desert, Granite Mountain, Snake Valley, Detroit, Sevier Lake and Saw Back.
The next is the Snake Range, which forms the western boundary line of Utah, between this Territory and the State of Nevada. The mining districts situated in the Snake Range and spurs thereof, are: Rosebud, Pilot Peak, Newfoundland, Silver Islet, Dutch Flat, Clifton, Hastings, Kern, Pleasant Valley, Wilson, Sacramento and Lexington.
The formation of the last named two ranges consist chiefly of granite, porphyries, basalt, silurian schists, quartzite, lava and limestone.
There is as yet little known about the mineral wealth of the last named three ranges, as the same has only been explored by the hardy miner in a few places, but such explorations as have been made, give great hopes for their future.
In the Beaver River Range, with the Picacho, San Francisco and Wah-Wah Mountains are situated the Beaver Lake, North Star, Rocky, Star, Preuss, San Francisco and Pine Grove Mining Districts. West of the Beaver River Range are the Pinon Mountains, in which is situated Washington Mining District.
MINING DISTRICTS.
Appended are the names of the different mining districts of Utah, as given by counties. Following this again is a resume of the characteristics of several of the more important and noteworthy, together with the principal minerals found in each county:
ยท
Beaver County .- Washington, Pine Grove, Preuss, San Francisco, Beaver Lake, North Star, Star, Rocky, Galena, Bradshaw, Lincoln, Gordon. Granite and Beaver Mining Districts. Silver, lead, iron, copper and anti- mony.
Box Elder County .- Rose-bud, Pilot Peak, Silver Islet, New Found- land, Portage and Willard Mining Districts. Gold, silver, lead, copper, sulphur and marble.
Cache County .- Logan, Millville and Mineral Point Mining Districts. Gold, silver, lead, iron, sulphur and marble.
Davis and Weber Counties .- Ogden, Bear Canyon and Farmington Mining Districts. Gold, silver, lead, copper and iron.
Emery County .- Castle Valley Mining District. Coal, ozocerite and albertite.
Iron County .- Silver Belt, Iron Spring, Parowan, Summer and Anti- mony Mining Districts. Silver, lead, antimony. copper, iron and coal.
Juab County .- Kern, Pleasant Valley, Dugway, Snake Valley, Indian Spring, Tintic, Timmons and Mt. Nebo Mining Districts. Gold, silver. lead, copper, iron, bismuth, antimony and cinnabar.
Kane County .- Contains coal and iron.
Morgan County .- Mill Creek and Tunnel Mining Districts.
Millard County .- Lexington, Sacramento, Wilson, Drum, Sevier Lake, Saw Back, Oak Creek, Gordon, (part of) Mining Districts. Lead, silver and sulphur.
Piute County .- Ohio, Marysvale and Warsaw Mining Districts. Lead. copper, antimony, silver and gold.
Sanpete County .- Cannel. Sanpete and Castle Valley-a part of mining districts. Coal, jet, ozocerite, albertite, lead and silver.
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