USA > Utah > Cache County > Logan > Utah gazetteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake Cities for 1884 > Part 10
USA > Utah > Salt Lake County > Salt Lake > Utah gazetteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake Cities for 1884 > Part 10
USA > Utah > Utah County > Provo > Utah gazetteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake Cities for 1884 > Part 10
USA > Utah > Weber County > Ogden > Utah gazetteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake Cities for 1884 > Part 10
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speaking of these mines, says: "The antimony deposits proved to be unique in kind, of great geological interest, and of much economic importance, and the quality of the ore is equal to any known." The American Antimony Company was organized in 1881 by Anthony Godbe, of Salt Lake City, for the purpose of acquiring and working this very valuable property, since which time it has been engaged in making extensive developments and in erecting works for the reduction of the ore into star metal. These develop- ments have resulted in uncovering and opening large bodies of ore sufficient for many years' supply for smelting works. The ore lies in almost horizontal beds, and is easily and cheaply mined and extracted. At an experimental trial of the works lately made, several tons of regulus or star metal were pro- duced and shipped to New York, and the quality is said to be superior to the best imported metal. This is accounted for by the phenomenal purity of the ore, containing, as it does, not even a trace of those objectionable features so common in all hitherto known antimony ores. Indeed, as will be seen by analysis below, the natural unrefined ores from these Grass Valley mines are more free from such ingredients as arsenic, copper, lead and zinc, than the admittedly best imported refined metal (Cookson's). The analysis was made by Messrs. Booth, Blair and Garrett, of Philadelphia, and that of the Grass Valley ores by Professor Lehman, of Baltimore.
Analysis of Cookson's refined star metal (regulus): Arsenic, 1.008; copper, 0.021; lead, 0.410; iron, o.144; cobalt and nickel, 0.013.
Analysis of American Antimony Company's sulphide ore: Metallic antimony, 71.320; sulphur, 28.130; iron, 00.005; arsenic, none; copper and lead, none; quartz, 00.038; total, 90.493.
The sulphur being eliminated in the process of smelting, this Grass Valley antimony ore is necessarily absolutely pure, and will, it would seem, take the place of the imported article when its merits become known to con- sumers. As soon as railroad facilities, now in contemplation, shall be pro- vided, the owners expect to ship the ore in large quantities to the antimony smelters in England and other parts of Europe. The reduction works, now completed, are perfect of their kind, and were erected under the direction of skilled smelters, whose experience was obtained in the business in England and Hungary. The present capacity of these works is about two tons of metal per day, but they are so arranged that this amount can be increased to any required capacity.
The Star, North Star and Rocky Mining Districts are situated in Beaver County, Utah, in the Picacho Mountains. These mountains are a low range in the southeastern edge of the Utah and Nevada Desert. This range is somewhat isolated in its position. The nearest principal business places are Minersville, Milford and Frisco, on the Utah Central Railway. The geological structure of the Picacho Range consists of belts of metamorphic shale, quartzite and limestone, flanked on both sides by igneous rock, such as porphyry, lava and trap, common to the interior ranges of the Great Basin and desert between the Sierra Nevada and Wasatch Mountains. The metamorphic action on the shale, quartzite and limestone beds was very intense, and is distinctly marked along the flanks of the range, and, in point of fact, much more than in the center. The general course of the strata is north and south, dipping east to an angle of inclination of from 40° to 60°. North Camp, or Shenandoah, is situated on the east flank of the mountain facing Beaver Valley.
This dolomite or magnesian limestone is the chief mineral-bearing rock on the east side of the mountain. The veins, lodes and ore deposits are more numerous and richer here than in the schists, quartzites and porphy- ries. In this limestone belt the ore deposits appear, first, as fissure veins, crossing the beds northeast and southwest; second, as bed or strata veins conforming entirely to the strike and to the dip of the strata in general. The
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bed or strata veins appear only in the center of this limestone belt, running north and south with a dip toward the east. The fissure veins run north- east and southwest, with a dip of an angle of inclination of from 50° to 70° northwest. This shows that they cross the bed obliquely in a horizontal plane, and at right angles on their line of dip as shown in the sections formed by nature. The gash or cross veins here continue through the lime beds from the quartzite on the north to the slaty schist on the east. The Merri-
mac is a vein fissure, plainly traceable for several hundred feet in the cal- careous, slaty schist east of the limestone belt. There is every evidence that the vein fissures do penetrate into the quartzite east of the lime belt. The gash veins appear at intervals from twenty to 350 feet, parallel in curves and dip all along the course of the limestone beds, which proves that they belong to one family of fissures of contemporaneous ages. These veins are from three to five feet wide. At such points where they cross the bed veins they form rich chambers of ore, which the Shenandoah, Hickory and many others verify.
The deposits are conformable to the course and the dip of the strata bed or strata veins, but they are not so defined as to justify the name well. It is possible that they are only spurs and branches from the fissure veins. The ores in both are the same, and it seems that the filling of both occurred at the same time. The gangue or vein matter is true quartz; some of this is compact and hard, and other portions spongy and porous, called by the miners honey-comb quartz.
The ores are silver, lead, copper and antimony, combined with sulphur. Some of the surface ores show carbonate of lead, chlorides of silver, and copper in combination with the sulphur of these metals. The larger part of the ore can be milled by dry crushing, and passing it through a Stetefeldt furnace; also they contain a great deal of base metal. The assays range from $37 to $350 per ton. The average assay is $75 per ton. Owing to the silicious character of the limestone, mining here is more expensive than in some other places; the veins are small, and a part of the wall rocks must be consequently removed to give space for working. The average cost of mining is, at present, $10 per ton, and can be reduced if mining and management are done with more care and system. Hauling, milling, roasting and amalgamating will cost, under the best management, $20 per ton. Allow- ing 20 per cent. less in reduction, this would leave a net profit of $30 per ton.
The whole group of mines in this part of the district are able to give a constant supply of ore for a 100-stamp mill, say 150 tons of ore per day continuously. Outside of this lime belt a large portion of ore (in fact the most of it) is smelting ore; two-thirds of the ore, at least, is better suited for reduc- tion in the smelting furnaces.
The mines in the northern part of the district can, by good manage- ment and systematic working, easily be made to supply several hundred tons of good smelting ore per day. There need be no hesitancy in declar- ing that Star, North Star and Rocky Mining Districts are very good and valuable districts, worth the attention of both miner and capitalist.
The principal mines of the Star Mining District are: Merrimac, Hick- ory, Taylor, Mars, Karrington, Flora, Boston, Hoosier Boy, Elephant, Uranus, Oneida, Day Dawn, Victory, St. Mary, Kanarah, Lucky Boy, Temple, Kemple, Red Warrior and others.
The leading mines in North Star Mining District are: Hickory, Shen- andoah, Merrimac, Temperance, Flora, Cortes, Osceola, Rebel, Talisman, Harrington, Midas, Stalwart, Esmeralda and others.
CAMP FLOYD DISTRICT.
This district commences four miles south of Ophir City (East Canyon) and about thirty miles southwest of Salt Lake City, and is situated on the
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eastern and partly on the western slope of the Oquirrh Mountain Range in Tooele County, Utah.
The principal mines are situated around the town of Lewiston, near the summit of and on the eastern flank of the Oquirrh Range, and produce principally free milling ore, which appears in a quartzite bed of strata, over- lying the older limestone.
The ore-bearing quartzite beds have a thickness of nineteen to sixty- eight feet. They have a hard limestone floor and a roof of calcareous shale, sandstone and cherty limestone, (alternating) and are in their structure and appearance entirely different from those underlying the quartzite. The shaly limestone is rich in fossils of the Carboniferous ages. The character of the silver-bearing zone or belt of quartzite is very peculiar and different in every way from a true fissure-vein structure, but it shows a distinct strati- fication of ordinary sandstone or quartzite bedding, and is conformable to the strata and bedding of the country rock throughout the district, the hanging wall being a calcareous lime shale, and the foot wall a dark gray limestone. These distinct lines of the quartzite bedding disappear only where the bed is crushed or brecciated by the upheaval.
This quartzite bed is a permeable stratum of sandstone, made crystal- line and vitreous by the heated vapors and chemical reagents from below, before and during the gradual upheavings of the anticlinal ridge. The over- lying shale bed being impermeable, the mineralized vapors were confined to the permeable and porous sandstone, changing the same slowly into true quartzite, and depositing the silver, antimony, cinnabar, lead and copper ores in the same. From this it will be seen, and easily understood, that the richest ore deposits will be found where the quartzite is most broken and crushed under the influence of the upheaval, as the penetrations of the mineral solutions at those points are the easiest.
By a close examination of the rock in the crushed quartzite, deposited together with the ore, it will appear that the ore forms in many cases only a coating on the fragments, the interior being more or less barren. This forming a coating on the fragments without penetrating the same, is clearly demonstrated and observable in the Camp Floyd cinnabar deposits.
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There is no reason why impregnated beds formed by sublimation, as the above mentioned ones, should not be as rich, valuable and extensive as any others.
The principal mines are the Sparrow Hawk, Marrion, London, Geyser, and others of the Camp Floyd Silver Mining Company, developed by numerous shafts, inclines, drifts and levels. These mines have produced a great amount of silver, which would have been made a great deal more profitable if the early management had been more judicious.
Carrie Steele is largely developed, has produced and is showing quant- ities of rich ore.
The Queen of the West, Silver Cloud, Silver Shield, Antelope, Jenny Lind, New Idria No. 2, Last Chance, Camp Douglas, Silver Star. Silver Circle, Wandering Boy, Star ,of the West, Black Hawk, Gentile Belle, Mormon Chief, Emory, Grecian Bend, Reno, Midway, Lewiston, Leopard, Merour and Alexander are all very promising mines.
THE COTTONWOODS.
These districts commence about fourteen miles southeast of Salt Lake City, and are situated in one of the highest points of the Wasatch Moun- tain Range on the western slope thereof, 6,000 to 13,000 feet above the level of the sea. Little Cottonwood is a deep gorge fifteen miles long. Big Cot- tonwood Canyon is split into several forks, and is in the aggregate, with its different forks, over forty miles long. The lower part of the Cotton- woods cuts through a large mass of granite, extending northerly and
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southerly, and rises in solemn, awe-inspiring grandeur with their gray, snow-capped heads more than 12,000 feet above the level of the ocean. This granite rises out of and above a mass of schist and crystalline rocks. Proceeding easterly up the canyon we begin to turn the pages upon which nature has been writing the geological history of her grand and mysterious works for thousands of ages; we observe a mass of coarse-grained por- phyritic rock, containing quartz veins with galena, copper, silver and antimony overlying the granite; we observe a mass of schist 1, 200 feet in thickness, dipping from east northeast gradually by Emma Hill north. Above the schist we observe about 300 feet of crystalline lime, then 250 feet of metamorphic sandstone, commonly known as quartzite, then a layer of schist varying in thickness from twenty to forty feet, and crowning all is a mass of Silurian limestone, consisting of dolomite or magnesian limestone, and calcite or carbonate of lime, nearly 2,000 feet in thickness.
In this lime belt appear the treasure-chambers of the Cottonwoods, known as the Antelope, Albion, Butte, Carbonate, Caledonia, Cincinnati, City Rock, Davenport, Darlington, Emma, Evergreen, Equitable, Emilie, Eclipse, Flagstaff, Grizzly, Hawes, Harkness, General Monk and May, Merrill, Minet Light, Moltke, Montezuma, Nabob, Joab Lawrence, Ophir, Ohio, Oregon, Prince of Wales, Jupiter, Maxfield, Rough and Ready, Richmond, Reed and Benson, Savage, South Star and Titus, Swansea, Toledo, Teresa, Utah, North Star, Vanderbilt, Wellington, and many others too numerous to mention.
Advancing further eastward we observe Patsey Marley Hill, a second mass of granite adding to the surrounding grandeur, rising of the schists, which are highly impregnated with copper. It is the second mass of granite, because it is distinct from the first mass of granite in points of age and upheaval. This second mass of granite has split the upper part of the canyon into a north and south fork. The presence of gneiss as boulders, the spurs of schist breaking through this granite, and the mass of granite itself being syenitic in structure, and coarse-grained, indicate a more recent origin than that of the granite in the lower and western portion of the Cottonwood Canyons.
On the northwest end of the mountain the efforts of the second upheaval and disturbances are clearly illustrated by a mass of common schist and crystalline lime, appearing at least 2,000 feet above the place whence the mass was torn. This second upheaval extends across the canyon and is observable on the side of Emma Hill tunnel. ] Thus we have two upheavals; the first from the west, throwing east; the second rises through the mass of rock so thrown, and merely exerts a local influence by faulting the mass to a certain extent.
Passing along the wagon road from Alta to the Emma mine, is observed another mass of granite, a fact which, taken together with the other masses of granite, should demonstrate beyond dispute, that the granite underlies the whole of the Cottonwoods, as it does the whole of American Fork, Silver Lake, Snake Creek and Uintah Mining Districts.
On the Davenport hillside, the second upheavel has raised a series of rocks, which contain no quartzite, but schist and copper schist overlying the same, a fact which demonstrates the destruction of the missing strata by the action of the upheaval.
This part of Davenport Hill is very extensively traversed by several dykes of a hard compact trap, hardly distinguishable from the surrounding lime. Two of these dykes pass within the vicinity of the Victoria tunnel mouth; the other dyke runs north, passes the Imperial, and crosses the divide by the Davenport mine. Another dyke runs across Grizzly Flat over the divide far into Big Cottonwood Mining District; this dyke is plainly visible and illustrated in the City Rock, Butte, Oregon and Evergreen
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Big Cottonwood mines. A fault in the northern part of Emerald Hill forms a synclinal curve in the ridge to within a short distance of the Albion mine (Wellington in Little Cottonwood, ) passing thence over to American Fork, crosses the Cariboo Company's mines on Mineral Flat; thence across the Utah Consolidated and Miller Company's mines on Miller Hill and down American Fork past Forest City, toward Deer Creek. Another fault on the southern flank of Patsey Marley Hill corresponds with the northern fault which causes the absence of sandstone and schist.
It is undeniable that the varying character of the Cottonwood ores was caused through and by the influence of the different country rocks. Emma and Peruvian Hills show carbonates of lead and galena in dolomite, and on the contact between dolomite and calcite; and soft oxides with galena and the fetid limestone.
In the granite is to be found sulphate of silver, galena, iron pyrites, oxides and carbonates of copper, such as are found on Davenport Hill, Grizzly Flat and Patsey Marley Hill.
The strikes of the ore deposits in most cases is in conformity with the general curves of the dykes. The Emma, Davenport, Wellington, Mans- field, Reed and Benson, Albion, City Rock, Butte, Oregon, Evergreen and other mines, are connected with such dykes, and it is very suggestive to suppose the dykes instrumental in the formation of the ore deposits, the more so, that these defects contain not only traces, but in some places con- siderable of the dyke material.
Passing to the north of the Flagstaff-Emma ore deposit is a deeply marked fault, which identical fault has been traced in the Emma mine through the main shaft and Illinois tunnel, where a level was run by the North Star to a length of over 300 feet; and a shaft sunk ninety feet below the tunnel exposes the fault for a considerable distance. The grooving of the walls of the fault show a throw from above, down the hanging wall of the fault, so that the dislocated part of the ore deposit must be looked for below on the hanging wall of said fault. The throw of this fault is furthermore indicated in the Flagstaff and South Star by a so-called dirty trail. The fault has crushed a great quantity of limestone in the lower part of the ore chamber, which part is filled therewith, and in time this crushed mass has become so compact, that it appears at first sight to be a veritable limestone floor, as it is plainly visible to a depth of twenty-five feet in the Flagstaff, forty feet in the South Star and Joab Lawrence, ninety feet in the North Star and also in the Emma mine. This compact nature has been acquired by heat, generated by the fric- tion of the fault surface. It can be traced from the Flagstaff on the west through the South Star, Titus, Joab Lawrence, North Star, Equitable Tunnel and Emma. The same effect of this disturbance is also visible in the Magnet, Caledonia, and other mines. The hanging wall of the great Flagstaff-Emma ore deposit is dolomite, the foot wall is calcite, both of the Devonian age. Both the Cottonwoods show unmistakable evidence that they were, at remote ages, filled by glaciers. These glaciers can be easily traced by the marks they left all over the districts.
The leading mines of Little Cottonwood District are: Emma, City Rock, Flagstaff, Joab Lawrence, North Star, South Star and Titus, Nabob, Grizzly, Utah, Lavinia, Wellington, Albion, Moltke, Defiance, Emerald, Savage, Montezuma, Mackay, Highland Chief, Revolution, Davenport, Kanosh, Emilie, Rough and Ready group, Caledonia, Swansea, Hawes, Leonard, Vacca, Cincinnati No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, Bolles & Collins, Equit- able, Evergreen, Vanderbilt, Darlington, Merrill & Sowles, General May, General Monk, General Wells, Pocahontas, Hunter, Lady Morehead, Mathilda, Bismarck, Enterprise, Excelsior, Imperial, Alice, Daisy, King of the West, Tartar, Jacob Astor, Flora Temple, Crown Prince, Stoker, Fred- eric, Wabahsa, Langdon, Live Yankee, Oxford, Geneva. West Point
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Dexter, Baldy Fritz, Brilliant Star, Siskiyou, Superior, Marietta, West Wind, Upton, Oriental, Cunningham, Leontine, Josephine, Flora, Louisa, Fritz, Sedan, Cedar, Murphy, Ogritta, Zacatecas, Sells, Alta, Voltaire, Ravine, Alpha, Winamuck, Freeland, Queen Dowager, Lexington, Boston, Manitoba, Peosta, and many others.
The leading tunnels for the developement of the above mines are: Bay City, City Rock, Equitable, Buffalo, Oakland, Illinois, Howland, Lady Esten, Phoenix, Grizzly, Emerald and Great Salt Lake.
Big Cottonwood is a continuation and duplicate of the Little Cotton- wood district and formation northwards; it is in every principle a counter- part of the other, with the exception that its resources are much greater and more extensive, its scenery much grander and more beautiful. The princi- pal mines in this district are: First and foremost, Maxfield, Reed & Benson, then Wellington, Prince of Wales, Antelope, Harkness, Minet Light, Richmond & Teresa, Belshazzar, Butte, Oregon, Jupiter, Carbonate, Sailor Jack, Eclipse, Ophir, Ohio, Sacramento, Evergreen, Dolly Varden, Buckeye Jr., Geneva, Osceola, Irma, Neptune, Vina, Hayes, Silver Mountain, Horn of Plenty, Ulster, Sunny Side, Silver Star, Congress, Homeward Bound, Cooper, Genesee, Little Fred, Queen Bess, Stella, Connaught, Little Cora, Backer, Bright Point, Umpire, Ogden, Scott, Abbey, Black Bess, Christo- pher Columbus, Taylor, Dolphin, Provo, Mammoth, New York, Oskaloosa, Ralston, Lone Pine, Little Giant, Relief, Home Picket, Bearson, Balance, Seventy Six, Fourth of July, Amanda, Olive Branch, Fairview, Mathilda, Great Western, Granite, Robinson, Monster, Washington, Red Pine, Vinnie, Tyler, Thunderer, Nellie, Carrie, Legget, Snow Flake, Yellow Jacket, Milt Orr, Augusta, Pickwick, Walker, Elgin, Financier, Poland, Exchequer, Chester, Summit, Manhattan and others.
Most of the above mines are extensively developed. They have pro- duced and are still producing thousands and thousands of good ore averaging in value from $20 to $800 per ton. Many of them have paid large dividends, others have been paying mines almost from the day they were located. Others need the helping hand of the capitalist to become div- idend-paying.
The most valuable and renowned of the Cottonwood's treasure chambers of the past are: Emma, Flagstaff, Joab Lawrence, Maxfield, City Rock, Butte, Oregon, Wellington, Prince of Wales, Antelope, Grizzly, Reed & Benson, Albion, Jupiter, South Star, Utah, Richmond & Teresa, Eclipse, Vallejo and North Star.
CLIFTON DISTRICT.
This district is situated in the Goshute Range of mountains near the intersection of the 40th degree of north latitude and the 37th parallel west from Washington. The first mineral was discovered there in 1860, by Major Howard Egan and other employees of the Overland Mail Company. The hostility of the Utes, Piutes, and other marauding bands of Indians retarded the development of its mineral resources until the year 1870, when the min- ing district of Clifton was organized, embracing an area of about seventy-two square miles. Most promising mines are:
The Gilberson, north from Clifton furnace five miles, and from which the natural supply of ore is obtained for smelting; developed by an adit level begun about fifty feet below the outcrop, and two shafts; large ore body, assaying from $30 to $90 in silver, and 30 per cent. lead per ton; brown carbonate, carrying iron; granite formation.
Black Jack; shaft and tunnel of fifty feet; ores composite in character; assay average $50 in silver and 35 per cent. lead per ton; pockets of ore have been obtained assaying $1,800 in silver; limestone formation; quarter of a mile from the Clifton furnace ..
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Stonewall; vein nearly vertical; milling ore; average assay, $50 per ton in silver, trace of gold and a small percentage of lead; granite formation near Clifton.
Mayflower, adjacent; similar in character of ore and in development.
Douglas, in Dutch Mountain, eight miles from Clifton; milling ore, assaying $169 to $223 in silver, 25 per cent. lead, with traces of gold. There are several ledges adjacent of equal character and value.
Young America, situated on Dutch Mountain; reported to be high grade ore; granite and limestone formation.
About 100 mines have been recorded in the district. The district con- tains copper (magnetic), sandstone, fire-clay, and other substances suitable for the erection of furnaces, mills, etc.
.COLUMBIA DISTRICT.
This district is located in the mountains that rim the southern boundary of the basin of Rush Valley. The mines are about twenty-six miles south- west of Ophir, and six miles up in the hills from Vernon settlement. The belt or zone extends a distance of about six miles from southeast to north- west, and the veins cut the belt nearly at right angles, striking from south- west to northeast. The district was organized. in the spring of 1872. No very great developments have been made on any of the mines, yet enough has been done to demonstrate that valuable mines exist there, with galena, carbonate and oxide ores.
The Chanticleer; large vein of ochreous and carbonate ore of low grade.
The Champion, on a good strong vein of ore, which contains over 40 per cent. lead, and thirty to forty ounces silver.
The Augusta; ores, galena and carbonate, but now in pyrites. The ore has had a good grade.
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