USA > Utah > Cache County > Logan > Utah gazetteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake Cities for 1884 > Part 8
USA > Utah > Salt Lake County > Salt Lake > Utah gazetteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake Cities for 1884 > Part 8
USA > Utah > Utah County > Provo > Utah gazetteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake Cities for 1884 > Part 8
USA > Utah > Weber County > Ogden > Utah gazetteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake Cities for 1884 > Part 8
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To aid the miner and prospector descriptions of jet, ozocerite and albertite is here given, the latter of which is found in great quantities in Southeastern Utah, 200 miles distant from Salt Lake City. Jet, or Gagates, is a very valuable mineral. It is in part a true lignite; it is light, looks much like smooth, black, glistening wood, is combustible and emits a disagreeable odor when rubbed, and burns with a smell of sulphur. It has been found in Hungary, Syria, in the rocks of Mount Lebanon, near Beyroo, in beds of coal in Asia Minor, on the Irrawaddy River in Burmah, in Utah and in New Mexico.
64
UTAH GAZETTEER.
Ozocerite (native paraffine in part) is like wax, spermaceti, butter-like, consistency of soft tallow. Color, greenish, wax yellow, yellowish brown to brown and brownish black, often having a greenish opalescence ; translu- cent, greasy to the touch; fusing point 56° to 63°, Celsius; colorless to white. when pure. Ozocerite is partly to wholly soluble in ether, and gives a yellow or yellowish brown solution; it is also soluble in oil of turpentine and naptha, and a little soluble in alcohol. Ozocerite occurs in and is associated with beds of coal in Utah, Burmah, Slanik in Moldavia, Baryslaw in Galicia, beneath a bed of bituminous clay shale; in masses of 80 to 100 pounds at the foot of the Carpathian Mountain Range; Gaming in Australia; in Tran- sylvania, in Moldavia; in the Carpathian sandstone; at Uphall in Linlithgow- shire, Scotland. It is used for the manufacture of paraffine.
Albertite (Milan asphaltum) occurs as filling irregular fissures in rocks of the lower Cretaceous and Tertiary ages in Utah. It has H. 1-2; G .= 1,007; luster brilliant and pitch-like; color brownish, black to jet black. Softens a little in boiling water; shows incipient fusion in the flame of a candle; and partly soluble in alcohol and ether, more in oil of turpen- tine (about 30 per cent.). It is used in the manufacture of asphaltum and gas.
The shale beds, underlying which, in strata not exceeding twelve inches in thickness, occurs what is called mineral wax, appear to extend over an area of a thousand square miles, and to be from sixty to one hundred feet thick, the part rich in gas and paraffine oils twenty to forty feet thick, with occasional thin seams of coal. They are cut across and exposed by Spanish Fork Canyon, and are similar in general characteristics to the wax-bearing beds of Galicia, in Austria. Whether these shales are rich enough to justify distillation has not been tested on a working scale, but it is believed they are. Thorough prospecting with oil-well tools might develop a new petro- leum district. The Promontory Range, which projects thirty miles into Great Salt Lake from the north, bears vast beds of alum shales, and a simi- lar formation is met with in Sanpete County on the Sevier ; while alum, in combination with other minerals, is found almost everywhere. It has not been put to any use as yet .* Oil wells, or ozocerite, have also been found in Emery County. At one point, near a flowing stream, the oil forces its way out of the earth; and even the most trifling opening has served to increase the stream. Years ago oil was discovered in the Bear Lake region, but the feeble attempts to develop resulted very unsatisfactorily. There seems, nevertheless, little reason to doubt that, among Utah's other resources of a capacity upon which industries can be established, will be found petroleum. Vast beds of alum, almost pure, are found in abundance.
SALT, SODA, MARBLE, CLAYS, ETC.
If Utah were more abundantly supplied in any one regard than in another, it would certainly be in the matter of salt. Were Great Salt Lake, which itself has a boundless and inexhaustible capacity, absolutely unknown, the supply would still be limitless. The lake alone would supply salt for the whole United States for a nameless period; added to this, however, are flow- ing salt wells, and literal mountains of rock-salt. The wells are found in Rich and Juab Counties, rock salt in Sanpete, Sevier, Juab and other coun- ties, besides in the north. As fine a quality of salt as the best Liverpool has been made from the salt wells in Bear Lake Valley. The brine of Salt Lake is almost 17 per cent. solid matter, of which, portions run between 85 and 95 per cent. pure salt. Other salt lakes, though of trifling extent, are found in various parts of the Territory, and for all ordinary purposes, excepting perhaps table use, salt is taken from the nearest point and used.
* Resources of Utah.
65
UTAH GAZETTEER.
Saleratus beds are found in all directions, so extensive at times and so thick as to prove a detriment to the husbandman. On the desert west of Salt Lake, and in Southern Utah in the western section of the Territory, it is found in quantities calculated to justify the establishment of industries of a capacity equal to world-wide demands. It exudes from the ground in vari- ous parts of the Territory ; and more than once in the days of the Pioneers was resorted to in its crude form for the making of bread, and was found to be admirable.
All parts of the Territory seem favored alike with an inexhaustible abundance of building rock, running from a soft oolite to different degrees of hardness, and from limestone and sandstone to marble and even emery. There are many varieties of oolite in Sanpete County. The Manti Temple is built on an oolite rock, from the same material quarried within half a mile. Near Ephraim, the Parry quarry is noted for its fine oolite, while it is found in all parts of the valley. The same stone is found at Mendon and else- where. Southern Utah is mainly a sandstone formation. Perhaps in the whole of the west there is not to be found a more beautiful sandstone quarry than is located within a mile and a half of St. George, Washington County. A solid sandstone bed, has already been traced for fully half a mile and not a seam is to be found in it. The depth is unknown, the color a beautiful bright red, and placed near any large city possessed of facilities for exporta- tion, would be of incalculable value. Sandstone, however, is confined to no especial locality; and within four miles of Salt Lake, it exists in exhaustless quantities. A beautiful white marble is found in Juab County; while in Utah, Salt Lake, Tooele and Cache Counties white and other varieties susceptible of a most perfect polish, are to be found. In Cache County especially are found, within easy access, superior qualities of marble, in colors-black, white, banded, mottled, gray and cream colored. Antelope Island, in the center of Great Salt Lake, contains an immense slate quarry; the colors are green and purple, and tests have demonstrated that no super- ior quality is found in ordinary commerce, while much of it is vastly inferior. The granite formations are of great extent and confined to no particular locality, though the quarries in Little Cottonwood Canyon, Salt Lake County, are most noted and developed to the greatest extent. It is from this place the granite is taken with which the Salt Lake Temple is being built.
The variety of clays is as great as the beds are extensive. It is found in Juab, Utah, Beaver, Sevier, Davis and other Counties, and the varieties are: Brick, fire, putty, potter's, and porcelain or kaolin, while a fire stone, which it is believed will yet supercede fire brick, has been discovered in Beaver. It is so soft that it can be cut when first discovered, but subjected to heat it becomes incredibly hard. A soap clay, utilized for washing sheep, has been found overlying the coal beds in Weber County; red and yellow ochres abound, while the number and quantity of mineral fer- tilizers is absolutely without end. In addition to these, precious stones are found, with petrifactions, meteorological curiosities and fossils of the Silurian, Devonian, both Carboniferous and Permian ages, together with volcanic outpourings, obsidian, magnetic sand, jet, lithographic rock, etc.
People, especially those of limited experience and information, are slow to enter industries with which they are not familiar, and thus too many are content to wait for others to prove the value of our great deposits of excel- lent iron, copper. coal, salt, gypsums, our immense deposits of sulphur, ozocerite, albertite, veins of graphite, seams of jet, etc., before they under- take to avail themselves of them. An energy, such as is displayed in the search for the precious metals, would reveal without fail such an amount of these minerals as would astonish many at the resources of Utah Territory.
8
66
UTAH GAZETTEER.
All of these represent wealth, awaiting but the proper energy and develop- ment to become of real value.
NOTES.
Oil wells were discovered in Bear Lake Valley as early as 1870, at which time one barrel of crude oil ran out per day. An abortive attempt was made to develop them.
Flowing oil was discovered in Emery County thirteen years later; nothing has been done to develop the last discovery up to date.
Magnetic ore was found near Salt Lake City in 1870.
Specimens of marble found their way from Alpine, Utah County, in 1870.
About 1,000 men found employment in and from mines in the Cotton- woods during the summer of 1870.
On the 6th day of August, 1870, the Woodhull Brothers, pioneer mining men of this region, exhibited 5,000 pounds of bullion, the first run from the first smelter operated in Utah, and which was made two days pre- vious.
The erection of the first smelting works began June 11, 1870, by Woodhull Brothers, on Little Cottonwood Creek.
The cash transactions in mining claims during the month of December, 1871, amounted to over $500,000.
Horn silver was discovered in East Canyon by S. R. Bebee, the weight of which was about thirty-six ounces. Investigation showed it to be almost entirely pure silver.
During the week ending January 21, 1870, 650,000 pounds of ore was shipped from the Emma Mine, Alta, to the Howland Sampling Works, then in operation.
During 1870, a great many mines were discovered and numerous min- ing districts organized.
On the 13th day of February, 1871, the first smelting works started up in Bingham.
Lithographic rock found in May, 1873.
Graphite was discovered in July of 1879.
Petroleum was discovered in Spanish Fork Canyon, June 27, 1878.
About forty mining companies were organized in Utah in 1879, with capital stock ranging from $500,000 per company up to $10,000,000, the limit allowed by law.
In August of 1870 a curious discovery was made by a company of miners, in Kamas Prairie, Weber Valley. In digging in a sort of hole filled up with loose dirt, they came upon what proved to be an old shaft. The wall had been cut by some instrument, and whoever did the work had left a series of steps, supposed to have been used for removing the debris of the old mine. When the working party reached the lower end of the shaft, they found a tunnel running underneath for an indefinite distance, and in remov- ing the rubbish specimens of tolerably rich silver ore were found. There is reason to believe that it is the work of Mexicans. In 1852 one of a party of Mexicans, arrested in this Territory for kidnapping Indians to reduce them to slavery, confessed the act to General Wm. H. Kimball, then deputy marshal, under whose charge they were, and said it was the best paying business they had engaged in from the time they had stopped packing ore.
.
67
UTAH GAZETTEER.
On being questioned further, the Mexican said he used to pack ore to Santa Fe from a point about fifty miles from what was known as Provo Fort up the Timpanogas River. This would be in the neighborhood of where the ancient mine was discovered.
MINERALS.
COMPLETE LIST OF MINERALS DISCOVERED UP TO DATE IN UTAH.
To give an idea of the mineral resources of Utah the following list is appended, inasmuch as it will go a long way towards demonstrating the confidence of the people in the mining and manufacturing future of the Territory. There may be still others, and it is certain new ones are yet to be discovered-among others tin, Professor J. E. Clayton giving it as his opinion that one might reasonably look for this rare metal in the region hereabouts-but it is as complete as can be had, and is all sufficient for the purpose:
Actinolite. Agate. Agatized Wood. Alabaster. Albite. Alum in varieties.
Almandite. Amethyst. Amphibole in varieties.
Anglesite, or Lead Sulphate. Anthraconite.
Apatite. Aragonite. Argentite, or Sulphide of Silver. Argentiferous Galena. Arsenolite.
Arsenopyrite. Asbestus. Atacamite, or Chloride of Copper. Augite. Azurite, or Copper Carbonate. Barite. Barytocalcite.
Basalt. Biolite. Bird Guano. Bismuth.
Bitumen. Blende, or Zinc Sulphide. Blue Vitriol. Bog Iron Ore. Bornite, or Purple Copper, Bole in varieties. Bosjemanite, or Manganese Alum.
Calamine, or Zinc Silicate. Calcite in varieties. Calecpar. Cats-eye Opal. Cerargyrite, or Silver Chloride.
Cerussite, or Lead Corbonate. Chalcanthite, or Copper Sulphate. Chaclcedony.
Chalcocite, or Vitreous Copper.
Chalcopyrite, or Copper Pyrites. Chalybite. Chessylite, or Copper Carbonate. Chromite.
Chrysocolla, or Copper Silicate. Chrysolite. Cinnabar.
Coal in varieties.
Copper.
Cuprite, or Red Copper Ore. Dendrite. Dolomite. Dog-tooth Spar, (callcte.)
Embolite, or Chlor-Bromid Silver. Epidote. Epsomite. Erubescite. Feldspar in varieties. Floss Ferri. Fanklinite. Freieslebenite, or Gray Silver Ore. Fuller's Earth. Galenite. Garnet in varieties. Geyserite.
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UTAH GAZETTEER.
Glauberite. Gold. Granite in varieties. Graphite, or Plumbago. Gray Copper Ore. Halite in varieties. Hematite in varieties.
Horn Blende. Horn Silver, or Cerargyrite. Hydrargillite. Hydrocuprite, or Copper Ore. Hydrosteatite.
Hydrosiderite.
Iron Pyrite. Iron Ochres. Iron Vitriol. Jasper in varieties.
Jet. Kaolinite, or Porcelain Clay. Lava.
Lignite in varieties.
Limonite, or Iron Ore.
Linarite, or Cupreous Anglesite.
Lodestone, or Magnetic Iron Ore. Magnesite.
Magnetite.
Malachite, or Copper Carbonate.
Marble in varieties.
Marcasite, or White Pyrites.
Marl in varieties. Miargyrite, or White Ruby Silver. Mica in varieties.
Micacrous Hematite, or Iron Ore.
Mineral Wax, see Utahcerite.
Mispickel.
Molybdate of Lead.
Moss Agate. Muscovite, or Mica. Nitre. Nitro-Calcite.
Nitro-Glauberite.
Obsidian. Ochres in varieties. Olivine. Onyx. Oolite.
Opal in varieties. Opalized Wood. Ozocerites, see Utahcerites.
Paraffine, Native, see Utahcerite Claytoni. Pea-stone, see Pisolite. Petrified Wood. Phosgenite. Phenacite. Pickeringite, or Magnesia Alum. Pisolite.
Plumbago. Prase, or Green Quartz. Proustite, or Ruby Silver. Pyrargyrite, or Ruby Silver. Pyrites in varieties. Pyrolusite, or Manganese Ore.
Pyromorphite, or Lead Phosphate. Pyroxene in varieties. Quartz in varieties.
Radiated Calcite. Ribbon Jasper, Rock Salt.
Rose Quartz.
Ruby Silver, see Pyrargyrite. Ruby Copper, see Cuprite.
Sal Ammoniac.
Saltpeter. Sard. Sardonyx.
Satin Spar.
Selenite, or Transparent Gypsum.
Siderite.
Siliceous Sinter.
Silver.
Smithsonite, or Zinc Carbonate.
Smoky Quartz.
Soap-stone in varieties.
Soda, Carbonate.
Specular Iron.
Sphalerite, or Zinc Blende.
Spinel.
Stalactites.
Stephanite, or Black Brittle Silver Ore.
Stibnite, or Antimony Ore. Sulphide of Silver. Sulphur in varieties.
Topaz, white, yellow and blue.
Tourmaline. .
Trachyte. Tremolite.
Tufa in varieties.
Talc in varieties. Tetrahedrite, or Gray Copper Ore. Utah Mineral Wax, or Utahcerite Claytoni, see Paraffine.
Velvet Copper. Vitreous Copper Ore. Volcanic Glass. Volcanic Scoria. Wad, or Manganese Ore. Witherite. Wulfenite. Zeolites in varieties. Zincite, or Zinc Oxide. Zinc Blende. Zinc Sulphide.
69
UTAH GAZETTEER.
The bullion product reported up to 1879 aggregated $46,798, 115. This amount includes the total bullion production, and is divided during eleven years as follows:
BULLION OUTPUT.
Year.
Amount.
1869,
200,000
1870,
1, 300,000
1871,
3,000,000
1872,
2, 500,000
1873,
3,800,000
1874,
4,000,000
1875,
7,000,000
1876,
6,600,000
1877,
7,113,755
1878,
6,064,613
1879,
5,219,747
Total,
46,798, 115
As early as July, 1871, there had been organized no less than thirty mining districts in this Territory. They were all embraced in an area run- ning 100 miles north and south of a central point, less than 100 miles running east and west, and were as here given: Logan, Millville, Mineral Point, Dry Lake, Willow Creek, Weber, Farmington, Centreville, Church Island, Hot Springs, New Eldorado, Big Cottonwood, American Fork, Uintah, Snake Creek, Deer Creek, Spanish Fork, Mount Nebo, East Tintic, West Tintic, Osceola, Pelican Point, Camp Floyd, Lower, West Mountain, Ophir, Rush Valley, Tooele, Lake Side. Several of these have passed out of active existence. If the others, save perhaps four-Big Cottonwood, American Fork, East and West Tintic-continue to exist, it is merely in name. Be that as it may, there are over three times the number to-day which steadily contribute to the wealth of the country by yielding the crude metals in their boundaries. At present there are ninety-five mining districts in the Territory, which are more or less of note. The bulk of the produc- tion is confined to a few, though all contribute in a greater or less degree to the annual output. A rough estimate places the annual expenditure on mines at $10,000,000, while the output does not reach that figure. It does not follow that mining is a loss, but, according to commercial laws, the income is a large dividend upon the amount invested. It is also a safe esti- mate that each year will see a greater proportionate increase in the output, to the amount invested. The bullion output for 1883 is divided as follows:
MONTHS 1 SS3.
BULLION.
LEAD.
COPPER & COPPER MATTE.
WHITE LEAD AND L'D PIPE.
ORE.
ANTI- MONY.
TOTALS.
January
5,067 677
502,794
231,295
5,801,766
February
4,353,095
50,720
336,570
4,795,385
March
3,791,835
95,592
329,420
43,360
4,263,177
April
4,352,497
23,976
143,410
May
4,049,354
June
4,362,693
146,240
21,600
1 ,341,090
5,872,623
July
64,657
2,898,030
7,439,900
August
3,697,253
49,969
3,303,438
8,1 10,660
September
5,114,194
95,110
2,976,950
8,186,284
October
5,852,043
115,150
1,973,670
7,910,853
November
6,201,265
1 28,017
3,430,960
9,760,24 2
December
5,1 88,730
431,676
150,000
3,501 ,9So
9,272,386
Total
58,513,394
1,104,753
1,242,995
739,918 41,385
20,370, 133 495,690
22,000
8:,971,122
January, 1884
3,243,294
798,301
4,600,670
41,000
21,660
4,587,533
74,415
S16,035
5,940,304
4,477,213
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UTAH GAZETTEER.
SMELTING, REDUCTION AND SAMPLING WORKS.
The furnaces used at present are among the finest in the country, embracing all the modern improvements, water jackets, excellent blowing machinery, and have a reduction capacity from 20 to 160 tons each of ore per day. As only the best and most effective can live now, the old and small stacks are being replaced by new and larger ones, using all the modern improvements. At present there are seventeen establishments, using forty-six stacks in the operation of which they turn out over 2,000 tons of bullion per month.
There are twenty mills in Utah with about 350 or more stamps, and about 100 pans and settlers. The cost of a chloridizing mill is $3,000 to $4,000 a stamp.
Perhaps the Germania is the most systematically run smelter in Utah. It is situated in South Cottonwood, seven miles from Salt Lake City, on the Utah Central and Denver and Rio Grande railroads. The smelting works consist of four shaft and one reverberatory furnaces. The furnace fumes are conducted from the stacks in tight iron flues, 6x31/2 feet to a large tight dust chamber 25x35 feet, and thence by a flue 300 feet long to a stack 108 feet high. In addition the works comprise everything necessary to produce fine silver bars, litharge and all kinds of lead-common, refined, white, sheet, pipe, shot and test lead. The latter is chemically pure. The four stacks have a daily capacity of 180 tons; refining capacity, 40 tons. White lead capacity, 10 tons daily, and everything else in proportion.
Francklyn smelting works are situated one mile north of the Germania. They consist of five shaft and one reverberatory furnaces ; capacity of 250 tons daily. These works, with the Germania, are considered the best in the country.
Waterman smelting works, situated at Rush Lake, near Stockton. They contain two shaft furnaces connected with a very efficient condensation chamber. The furnace is a round one, having at the tuyeres a diameter of three feet and four inches. Height from bottom of hearth to slag spout, 22 inches; to center of tuyeres, 33 inches; from tuyer to charge door, II feet. There are four water tuyeres with 3-inch nozzles. The furnaces are 9 feet high from the slag top to the charging. Their size is 30x40 inches in the hearth; above they are widened by means of a flat bosh to 4x4 feet.
Chicago smelting works are situated in Slag Town, in Rush Lake, near Stockton. They contain three shaft and one reverberatory furnaces.
Park City smelter is situated at Park City, Uintah district, and consists of two shaft and one reverberatory furnaces; capacity 60 tons.
Jordan smelting works, situated on the Utah Central and Denver and Rio Grande Railroads. They consist of two reverberatory and six shaft furnaces. Five shaft furnaces are elliptical, 60x30 inches, interior dimen- sions, 10x6 inches from tuyeres to feed door, 14 inches from tuyeres to slag tap, and 24 inches from tap to sole. A sixth shaft furnace is octagonal, 42 inches in diameter, 12 feet 6 inches in height, and like the rest in other dimensions. All are run with closed fronts, and have water jackets extend- ing 14 inches below and 2 feet six inches above the tuyeres. Above the water jackets the stack rests on pillars, like a Pilz furnace. The jackets are rivetted boiler plate, giving an inner similar space three inches across, which is closed at the top by a plate rivetted on. The water is fed in the jacket one inch below the top, and the discharge pipe is in the top, and rises one inch before turning. This keeps the jacket constantly full, and prevents the accumulation of steam. The jackets are separate segments, held in place by a strip of thin band iron. When the furnace is run down and has to be cleaned, the band is loosened and the front jacket is taken out. This arrangement is unsurpassed for convenience. There are two engines of 25
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UTAH GAZETTEER.
and 35 horse power respectively, four Mackenzie blowers, a sampling mill, concentrating and leaching works, and a water ditch nine and a-half miles long, capable of furnishing 250 horse power.
Saturn smelting works at Sandy, consist of two shaft furnaces.
Hanauer smelting works are situated at Morgan, on the Utah Central Railroad about one mile north of Germania. They have two shafts and two reverberatory furnaccs.
The Mingo smelting works are situated at Sandy, on the Utah Central and the Denver and Rio Grande Railroads. They have four shaft furnaces. The Flagstaff smelting works are situated at Sandy. They have four shaft and one reverberatory furnaces. Water jackets are used.
The Pascoe smelter is situated at the northwest side of Salt Lake City, and has one shaft furnace.
The American Antimony Company's smelter in Garfield County.
In San Francisco district are four smelting works: The Godbe smelter with two shaft furnaces; the Campbell & Cullen smelters with three shaft furnaces; the Williams smelter with one shaft furnace; The Shauntie smelter with one shaft furnace.
In American Fork is the Sultana smelter, owned by the Miller Mining and Smelting Company, with twenty charcoal kilns; this smelter has three shaft and one reverberatory furnaces. The shaft furnaces are of the Plitty patent, nine feet above the tuyeres. The section of the hearth No. I is twenty by thirty-six inches. It has six water tuyeres, with two and one-half inches nozzles. The size of No. 2 and No. 3 in the hearth is twenty-four by thirty-two inches. They have four tuyeres each. All the furnaces are provided with the automatic tap.
The Tintic Mining and Milling Company's mill is situated about two miles northeasterly from Eureka hill. It consists of a ten stamp battery, Stedefeldt chloridizing furnace, dry kilns and the necessary appurtenances to make a first-class plant.
The Ontario mill situated at Park City, Uintah District, has forty stamps and is provided with all modern improvements. A 250 horse power steam engine is required to run the machinery.
The Marsac mill, situated at Park City, Uintah District, has thirty stamps, ten pans, five settlers, a dry crusher and a 150 horse power engine.
McHenry mill, Parley's Park.
Pioneer, Enterprise and Fairview mills in Ophir Mining District.
Stewart No. I and Stewart No. 2 mills in West Mountain Mining Dis- trict.
Next to the smelters are the sampling works: J. C. Conklin's, at Salt Lake City, capacity 200 tons daily.
Sandy sampling works, at Sandy, owned by Messrs. Scott and Ander- son. Capacity up to 500 tons daily; consists of buildings 100 feet in length, and ore sheds 100 feet in length. Steam engine of twenty horse power, rock-breaker, rotary crusher, dry chamber and track and wagon scales. Altogether the plant is first-class.
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