USA > Utah > Cache County > Logan > Utah gazetteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake Cities for 1884 > Part 2
USA > Utah > Salt Lake County > Salt Lake > Utah gazetteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake Cities for 1884 > Part 2
USA > Utah > Utah County > Provo > Utah gazetteer and directory of Logan, Ogden, Provo, and Salt Lake Cities for 1884 > Part 2
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IMMIGRATION.
History of and statistics for thirty-five years.
STATISTICS FOR 1883. 295
Number of stock; pounds of wool; cereal crops and dairy products; farm, garden and orchard products; value of manufactures and pro- ducts; population of Utah by counties; table showing assessed value and tax of each county for ten years, up to and including 1883; miles of railroad, and assessed value of railroad property and tax in .counties through which roads run.
296
BUSINESS DIRECTORY
of Utah, by towns and settlements. · 302
GENERAL DIRECTORIES.
Logan, Ogden, Provo and Salt Lake Cities,. 331
MISCELLANEOUS.
List of County and precinct officers elected August 4th, 1884; Utah foreign population as compared with other Territories and States; chronological events up to September 4th. . 615
INDEX.
To matter and to advertisers. 627
ERRATA.
634
PHYSICAL UTAH.
UTAH extends from the 37th to the 42d parallel of north latitude, and from the 109th to the 114th degree of west longitude. The Territory has a length of about 325 miles, a width placed at some 300 miles, with a superficial area, in round numbers, of 85,000 square miles, or 55,000,000 of acres. With the exception of about 8,000 square miles taken out of the northeast corner of Utah and given to Wyoming, the boundary lines are direct and at right angles. The fragment, thus bitten out, formerly belonged to Utah, being then known as Green River County, but is now called the Green River Plateau. Utah is bounded on the west by Nevada, which also, at one time belonged to Utah and was known as Carson County: on the east by Colorado and Wyoming; on the south by Arizona, and north by Idaho and Wyoming, and is thus the centre of a vast area of country, noted for its immense mineral resource and boundless agricultural capacity. The Wasatch range of mountains intersects the Territory prac- tically the entire length, and its course is nearly through the centre. All streams arising in this range, at least north of a place known as Panguitch. in Garfield County, flow either to the east or to the west, the larger number flowing to the west. Hence it is that the largest and wealthiest cities in the Territory are located on the western side of the Wasatch, and at the base of the range, in order that the streams, which are fed and maintained by the accumulation of winter snows in the mountain fastnesses may be utilized to the greatest advantage and at the least possible expense. Below the Panguitch Plateau the streams flow to the south, and ultimately empty into the Gulf of California. At this plateau the Rio Virgin and the Sevier Rivers have their source, the former flowing to the south and, receiv- ing all the smaller streams that arise below the rim of the Great Basin, grows and sweeps on its way to the Gulf of California with an ever-changing and often treacherous bed. The Sevier River flows northward, breaks through the mountains and runs west and south, and ultimately finds its way into the Sevier Lake, in Millard County, where it sinks and is forever lost.
The best watered valleys in Utah are found in Cache, Weber, Salt Lake and Utah Counties. One who has traversed the western base of the Wasatch Mountains, can readily understand why this should be the case. With a single exception, the range attains its highest altitude in these coun- ties. As the gorges are deepest, the canyons largest and most rugged, and the fall of snow is heaviest and lasts longest where the range is highest, it necessarily follows the wealth of water should be greatest in these counties. The exception referred to is in the northern part of Juab County; the point called Mt. Nebo, having an altitude of 11,999 feet. It is also singular but true, that the character of the Wasatch Range changes at this point. This change is not confined to the confirmation nor to external appearance only, but to the flora and the discoloration of the earth, showing, or seeming to show, the action of a different class of minerals-largely indicative of a preponderance of iron. Mt. Nebo is cut off from the southern portion of the range by Salt Creek Canyon. The range on the south of this canyon is perceptibly lower and bears cedar, while Mt. Nebo, and the range on the
18
UTAH GAZETTEER.
north sustain pine, maple, quaking-asp and cottonwood. It may be here remarked that the same physical features first noticeable at this point-Mt. Nebo-can be traced as far south as, and even below the rim of the basin.
There are several points in Utah still higher than Mt. Nebo, the highest being Gilbert's Peak, with an altitude of 13,687 feet, constituting a portion of the Uintah spur; and one a trifle lower, Mt. Baldy, with an elevation above the sea level of 11, 730 feet, and is situated in Beaver County.
Still following the Wasatch Range, it will be seen that Mt. Nebo, as near as may be, is in the centre of the Territory-a little north of the centre and a trifle to the east. This being true, reiterating the assertion previ- ously made that Cache, Weber, Salt Lake and Utah Counties are best watered for the reason that the range in those counties is highest, it follows then, that the northern portion of the Territory has natural advantages for agricultural purposes beyond those possessed by Southern Utah. Being natural advantages, they have always existed, were consequently sought for and invited population both by the reason above given and because of assured prosperity. The result of these conditions was the earlier and more rapid settlement of the northern half of Utah, a speedier and a more certain accumulation of wealth. Another potent factor in the development of the north has been railroads, giving ingress and egress; and, in opening a market for the exportation of products has placed, as a result, within its reach, the power to gratify higher and more refined desires. These advantages, there is reason to believe, will yet be counterbalanced by artificial means, such as artesian wells and reservoirs, and by the development of resources which the south possesses in such abundance as will enable her to hold her own in the race with the north.
The population may be fairly placed at 175,000, over two-thirds living north of an imaginary line running east and west through the centre of the Territory. Wasatch County is the highest in the Territory, being 7,716 feet above sea level; Washington County the lowest, with an altitude of 2,370 feet. Panguitch Lake, a fresh water body, is 6,220 feet above sea level; Utah Lake, also fresh water, 4,500 feet; Great Salt Lake, 4, 218 feet, with a shore line of 350 miles. The difference in the altitude in the minimum and maximum above stated, is so great as to give to Utah a variety of climate possessed by few countries in the world; second only, if second at all, to that portion of Asia through which the Himalayas run. So far as purely climatic influences are concerned, Utah is as eminently qualified to be a self-sustaining country, in the highest degree, as any section of the same area wherever found.
For descriptive purposes it is advisable to divide Utah into three parts, called the eastern, middle and western sections. The eastern section is that portion that lies to the east of the Wasatch; the middle is found between the Wasatch and Oquirrh Ranges; the western is that tract to the west of the Oquirrh Range. So far, all that has been stated relates practically to the middle section, for it is this portion that is mainly settled. The eastern section of Utah is yet in its infancy, so far as settlement is concerned, but as the middle portion of the eastern section is similar in character to that on the western base of the Wasatch, possessing water advantages, rich and pro- ductive soil, a temperate climate and all the inherent elements essential to a good agricultural country, its future is unquestioned. Of the western por- tion less that is favorable can be said. It is even more sparsely settled than the eastern half, though better known for years; and the reason why it should be slow of developing is just as potent to-day as it was twenty years ago. That exception is its mineral resource, which in large measure justifies legitimate hopes for a future of reasonable prosperity, even in such an unpromising and sterile waste. Western Utah is composed mainly of low mountains, deserts, sinks, and alkali lakes, with but few pleasant places,
19
UTAH GAZETTEER.
though it is known to be wealthy in mineral deposits and these are of great variety. The
GREAT SALT LAKE BASIN
is about forty-five or fifty miles wide, by some 200 miles long, and includes the Bear River Valley up to the Gap on the north-or that point where the Bear River breaks through the range that encircles Cache Valley on the west-and the Utah Basin, including Kanara-the most southern settlement in Iron County-on the south. All the streams arising in this area, beside most of the others which flow into it, such as Bear River, ultimately find their way to Great Salt Lake. The notable exceptions are the Sevier River and the Beaver River, both of which flow into desert sinks; and such smaller streams as are consumed by irrigation or by local evaporation.
The Basin is so called because of the drainage into Great Salt Lake as mentioned. Apart from this it has but one distinguishing characteristic, and that is to be found at the rim on the south. Streams arising to the north of the Basin ultimately find their way to the Pacific Ocean through the Colum- bia River; south of the Basin these streams ultimately reach the same ocean through the Colorado River and the Gulf of California. There is no per- ceptible difference in the climate from Idaho, north of the Basin, to Kanara, on the southern rim-a distance by air line measurement, of some 350 miles; but going south or down a narrow gulch called the Black Ridge-a circuit- ous route of not over four miles-less than three miles by air line-one leaves the temperate climate and enters a semi-tropical region, congenial to the growth of cotton and kindred products. Nor is the climatic change by any means the most remarkable. It is impossible that two countries could be less alike than Southern Utah and portions in the north; neither is the change in conformation less rapid than is that of climate. The southern portion of Utah, beyond the peradventure of a doubt, has at one period been the scene of sedimentary deposits of vast rivers pouring into an inland sea. Everywhere there is a sandstone basis. This colossal sedimentary deposit, massed and cemented into rock by pressure and by chemical agencies, was undoubtedly subject to the most tremendous earthquakes, following which came numberless volcanic outbursts, leaving the once level and almost solid sandstone bed, a wild and wierd and rugged mass, wrought into the most fantastic forms, which time, together with the aqueous and igneous agencies, has been striving to tone down, and wear into smoother shapes, but so far with little success.
The valleys, as a natural con- sequence, are small, streams few and far between, and lumber almost a thing unknown. It is either sandstone or sand. The hillsides are covered with volcanic rock, thrown high upon the rugged mountains which, breaking away, piece by piece, has rolled down the hills, and formed an immovably packed mass. Traces of volcanoes are to be seen wherever the eye rests. Southern Utah, and that portion of Utah on the rim of the Basin and running north, could not have been made less alike.
The Wasatch and the Oquirrh are the only mountain ranges in Utah, though there are many spurs, each designated differently from the rest. There are numerous rivers, the largest and certainly the longest being the Bear River, which follows a remarkably circuitous route of some 300 miles before emptying into Great Salt Lake. There are also many lakes, both fresh and salt water; of the former, Utah Lake is the largest, its average width being ten miles, its length about thirty miles.
Such is Utah-a region of mountain, valley, canyon, desert, river, lake and sink. It has not unjustly been called the Switzerland of America. There are valleys for the farmer and the horticulturist; hills and grassy ranges for the stock raiser; warm skies and genial soil for the vintage; min- erals for the miner; resources for the manufacturer; bracing air and mineral
20
UTAH GAZETTEER.
springs for the invalid; mountains and streams, game and fish and fair weather for the pleasure seeker, and wealth, health and happiness for all.
FLORA.
On the mountains and along the water-courses are found the following trees, shrubs and vines: Cottonwood, dwarf birch, willow, quaking aspen, mountain maple, box elder, scrub cedar, scrub oak, mountain oak, white, red, yellow and pinyon pine, white spruce, balsam-fir, mountain mahogany, com- mon elder, dwarf hawthorn, sumac, wild hop, wild rose, dwarf sunflower, and of edible berries, service berry, bull-berry, wild-cherry, wild currant, etc. Most of the plants belong to the Composite, Crucifera, Leguminose, Bor- raginacea, or Rosacea.
FAUNA.
Among the animals are the coyote, gray wolf, wolverine, mountain sheep, buffalo (now extinct in Utah), antelope, elk, moose; black tailed, white tailed, and mule deer; grizzly, black and cinnamon bear; civet cat. striped squirrel, gopher, prairie dog, beaver, porcupine, badger, skunk, wild cat, lynx, sage and jack-rabbit and cottontail. Birds: Golden and bald eagle and osprey; horned, screech and burrowing owl; duck, pigeon, spar- row, sharp-shinned and goshawk; woodpecker, raven, yellow-billed magpie, jay, blackbird, ground robin, long sparrow; purple, grass and Gambell's finch; fly-catcher, wren, water-ouzel, skylark, English snipe, winter yellow- legs, spotted sand piper, great blue heron, bittern, stork, swan, pelican, Peale's egret, ground dove, red-shafted flicker, mallard and green-winged teal; goose, ptarmigan, humming bird, mountain quail, sage cock and pine hen. Reptiles: Rattlesnake, water-snake, harlequin snake and lizards. The tarantula and scorpion are found, but are not common.
ELEVATION OF CITIES, TOWNS, MOUNTAINS AND LAKES OF UTAH.
The following list, showing the elevation of 154 different points in Utah, is compiled from government surveys:
CITIES, TOWNS, ETC.
ELEVA- TION
CITIES, TOWNS, ETC.
ELEVA- TION.
American Fork,
4,608
Laketown,
6,001
Antelope Spring,
4,850
Logan, .
4,557
Adamsville,
5,600
Lone Peak,
10,713
Akanaqui,
4,457
Lime Rock Valley,
4,400 to
5,400
Big Cottonwood,
4,261
Lucin,
4,498
Bennington,
5,798
Mcunt Nebo,
11,999
Burro Peak,
12,883
Mount Baldy,
11,730
Bear River Bridge,
4,543
Mount Belcher,
9,716
Bear Valley,
7,07I
Mammoth Mill,
6,947
Bear Lake,
5,911
Mattin,
4,597
Beaver,
6,020
Meadow Creek,
5,992
Blue Creek,
4,319
Mill Creek Station, .
6,504
Bonneville,
4,310
Mill Spring,
6,594
Bovine,
4,347
Montpelier,
5,793
Box Canyon Spring,
4,261
Monument,
4,227
Brigham City, .
4,226
Mountain Meadows,
5,741
Buck Horn Spring,
5,688
Mount Pleasant,
6,090
Centreville, .
4,235
Mount Tohkwano,
13,500
Cox Peak,
13,250
Nephi,
4,920 to
4,938
Camp Douglas, 4,800 to
5,024
Ogden,
4,302
Camp Floyd, 4,850 to
4,867
Oak Creek, .
5,158
Camp Stevenson,
5,930
Oak Springs,
6,790
Castle Rock, .
6,260
Ombey,
4,721
1
2I
UTAH GAZETTEER.
CITIES, TOWNS, ETC.
ELEVA- TION.
CITIES, TOWNS, ETC.
ELEVA- TION.
Cedar City, .
5,726
Pleasant Grove, .
4,557
Cedar Spring
5, 100
Provo,
4,520
Circleville, .
5,624
Payson,
4,613
Copenhagen,
4,999
Panguitch,
6,273
Corinne, .
4,232
Pahreah,
4,562
Cub River Bridge,
4,542
Parowan,
5,900
Draper, .
4,513
Phillips' Village,
4,327
Divide, Spur of Mountain,
4,808
Porteo Valley, .
5,590
Davies' Mount,
13,300
Potatoe
7,33I
Deadman's Spring,
6,782
Promontory,
4,905
Deep Creek,
5,237
Rabbit Valley, Fort of,
6,821
Deseret Spring.
5,886
Randolph,
6,422
Devil's Gate,
4,835
Richfield,
5,283
Diamond, .
3,769
Richmond,
4,641
Dedoquiba Spring,
4,659
Richmond Prairie,
5,57 I
Echo,
5,509
Rozel,
4,000
Ephraim,
5,633
Rush Valley,
5,223
Eureka City,
6,400
Salt Lake City,
4,26I
Evanston,
6,870
Sandy,
4,457
Farmington,
4,260 Springville,
4,525
Fairfield,.
4,866
Spanish Fork,
4,556
Faust, .
5,296
Santaquin,
4,884
Fillmore,
6,025
Summit,
5,032
Fish Spring,
4, 269
Sevier Lake,
4,600
Fort American,
6,098
St. Mary's,
6,200
Fort Crittendon,
4,860
Signal Office, Salt Lake City,
4,250
Fountain Green,
5,875
San Francisco Spring,
6,527
Great Salt Lake.
4,218
Scipio,
5,113
Gilbert's Peak,
13,687
Sevier Bridge,
4,765
Gould's Ranch. .
4,052
Sevier City,
6,369
Grass Valley,
6,857
Skull Valley,
4,850
Gunnison,
5,144
Skumpah,
6,142
Hayden's Peak,
13,500
Smithfield,
4,616
Hanging Rock, .
5,974
Strawberry Valley.
7,726
Hawawah Spring.
4,255
Sulphur Springs,
4,500
Hay Spring, ·
5,092
St. George,
2,700
Hav Patch Spring,
5,590
Terrace,
4,544
Heber, .
5,524
Tintic,
4,833
Hebron,
5,474
Tooele Valley,
4,487
Heusch Spring,
5,373
Utah Lake,
4,498
Hyde Park,
4,553
Uintah,
4,544
Indian Spring,
5,77I
Uintah Agency,
6,133
Iron City,
6,099
Wood's Cross,
4,299
Joe's Valley,
8,420
Wasatch,
6,15I
Kaysville,
4,298
Wanship,
6,200
Kamas.
6,304
Washie-pah-gun Spring
4,42I
Kamas Prairie,
6,225
Washington,
2,906
Kanab,
4,900
Weber,
5,096
Kanara, .
5,419
Wellsville,
4,568
Kelton,
4,323
White Sulphur Spring,
5,20I
Little Cottonwood,
4,288
White Valley, .
4,360
Lehi,
4,585
Willard City,
4,350
Logan Peak,
1 3, 500 Willow Spring,
4,421
Lake,
4,223
York,
4,957
₲
UTAH CHRONOLOGY.
AT the time of the settlement of Utah by the Mormons, the country belonged to Mexico, but the year following, in 1848, the territory of which Utah forms a part, was ceded to the United States by the treaty of Guad- alupe Hidalgo.
1847. July 7 .- The Pioneers arrived at Fort Bridger.
July 13 .- Apostle Orson Pratt was appointed to precede the main body of the Pioneers towards Salt Lake Valley, taking with him twenty-three wagons and forty-two men.
July 21 .- The advance company encamped in Emigration Canyon. Orson Pratt and Erastus Snow entered Salt Lake Valley, made a circuit of some ten miles distant from the mouth of the Canyon and returned to the camp late in the evening.
July 22 .- The advance body of the Pioneers advanced into Salt Lake Valley, and camped on Canyon Creek.
July 23 .- The advance company moved about three miles and camped on what is now called Washington Square. They were immediately organ- ized for work, and plowing and planting began, the first furrow being turned by Wm. Carter. The work of bringing water out of City Creek for irriga- tion purposes also commenced on this day.
July 24 .- President Brigham Young, who had remained at Little Moun- tain on the night of the 23d, because of sickness, entered the valley and joined the remainder of the Pioneers.
Thus the entire company of Pioneers, numbering 143 souls, which had left the Missouri River during April, arrived safely in Salt Lake Valley.
July 25 .- Religious services were held for the first time in Salt Lake Valley, the first discourse being delivered by Geo. A. Smith.
July 29 .- A portion of the "Mormon Battalion," numbering about 150, under command of Captain James Brown, arrive, having come from Pueblo to Fort Laramie, and thence west. They were accompanied by a party of immigrants from the State of Mississippi. These accessions increased the number in the Valley to about 400 souls.
July 31 .- Great Salt Lake City laid out in square blocks of ten acres each, eight lots to the block, and streets eight rods wide, running at right angles.
August 25 .- President Brigham Young and about seventy of the Pioneers start east for Winter Quarters, on the Missouri River, to" assist their immigration forward. Arrived at their destination October 31st. While traveling toward Winter Quarters, they met several companies of immigrants, who were following the track of the Pioneers.
August 26 .- The colonists had laid off a fort, built twenty-seven log houses, plowed and planted eighty-four acres with corn, potatoes, beans, buckwheat, turnips, etc., and had manufactured 125 bushels of salt.
During the Fall of1847, about 2,000 souls and some 600 wagons reached Salt Lake Valley.
23
UTAH GAZETTEER.
1848. Peregrine Sessions, in the Spring of this year, located at what is now called Bountiful or Sessions settlement, and broke the first ground in Davis County.
Captain James Brown located on the present site of Ogden, having bought some improvements from an Indian trader.
May 31 .- President Brigham Young organizes the immigrants of the faith coming west, at Winter Quarters, into companies for the journey.
June .- President Young left the Elkhorn in the early part of this month for Salt Lake Valley. His company consisted of 1,299 souls and 397 wagons. Following him came Heber C. Kimball with a company of 662 souls and 226 wagons, while the last company, which left Winter Quarters on the 3d of July, 1848, was under charge of Willard Richards, and com- prised 526 souls, who brought with them 169 wagons.
August 9 .- Great Salt Lake City fort contains 450 buildings, with three saw-mills and a flouring mill in the city, and others in course of construc- tion.
August 10 .- Feast given in Great Salt Lake City to celebrate the first harvest gathered in the Great Basin.
September 20 .- President Young arrives with his company.
Davis and Weber Counties were settled this month.
In the summer of this year myriads of big crickets came down from the mountains and began to sweep away fields of grain and corn; and were only stayed by the arrival of immense flocks of sea gulls, which devoured the crickets.
During 1848 the population of the Territory was increased about 1,000 by immigration.
1849. February 5 .- Mercury 33º below zero in Great Salt Lake City. March. - The first postoffice established in Great Salt Lake City.
March 8, 9, 10 .- Convention was held in Great Salt Lake City, result- ing in the adoption of a Constitution for the proposed State of Deseret. A. W. Babbitt was chosen as Delegate and soon dispatched to Congress with a memorial asking for admission to the Union.
March 9 .- Election held under the Provisional Government of the State of Deseret. Brigham Young elected Governor, Willard Richards, Secretary of State; N. K. Whitney, Treasurer; H. C. Kimball, Chief Justice; John Taylor and N. K. Whitney, Associate Justices; Daniel H. Wells, Attorney- General; Horace S. Eldredge, Marshal; Albert Carrington, Assessor and Collector of Taxes, and Joseph L. Heywood, Surveyor of Highways, etc. Magistrates were also elected.
March 28 .- Nauvoo Legion partially organized; Daniel H. Wells, Major-General.
May 27 .- Parties from the east en route for the California gold mines first arrive.
July 24. - First celebration held in Great Salt Lake City in commemora- tion of the entrance of the Pioneers into Salt Lake Valley.
August 28 .- Captain H. Stansbury arrives to commence his survey. October 6 .- Perpetual Emigration Fund organized.
Apostles John Taylor, Lorenzo Snow, Erastus Snow and F. D. Richards called at the semi-annual conference of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- clay Saints to go on missions to Europe. This was the first call made for missionaries from Utah.
November-Sanpete County settled by Isaac Morley, Seth Taft and Chas. Shumway. Manti is the site of their location.
During the fall of this year Tooele County was located by John Row- berry; the survey of Great Salt Lake Valley by Captain Stansbury and Lieutenant Gunnison was completed, and the first Indian war occurred.
24
UTAH GAZETTEER.
The increase of population by immigration during 1849 was about 1,400, who brought with them some 500 wagons. This does not include those immigrants who, passing through Great Salt Lake City on their way to California, remained and made their homes permanently in the Valley.
1850. January .- A company of Pioneers, under P. P. Pratt, return from Southern Utah, whither they had gone beyond the rim of the basin on an exploring journey.
February 10 .- Fight between Indians and a company of volunteers, at Utah Fort, now Provo; several killed on both sides; Indians forced to retreat.
February 22 .- Earthquake shock felt in Great Salt Lake Valley.
June 15 .- Deseret News published.
July 4 .- Parley's Canyon opened for travel under the name of "The Golden Pass."
August 28 .- Captain Stansbury completes his survey.
Ogden City located by President Young.
September 9 .- Act of Congress organizing Utah Territory approved. September 20 .- Brigham Young appointed Governor of Utah Terri- tory.
September 23 .- Newel K. Whitney, Presiding Bishop of the Church, died in Great Salt Lake City.
December 8 .- Thirty families left Salt Lake City, including 118 men, with 600 head of stock and 101 wagons, led by Elder Geo. A. Smith, and in January following arrived at and settled the County of Iron, by building a fort at Parowan.
The Council House, recently damaged by fire and one of the oldest buildings in the Territory, was erected and made ready for occupancy dur- ing this fall.
1851. January 3 .- First criminal trial by jury held in the Provisional State of Deseret.
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