USA > Wisconsin > Richland County > History of Crawford and Richland counties, Wisconsin > Part 2
USA > Wisconsin > Crawford County > History of Crawford and Richland counties, Wisconsin > Part 2
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120% Grosse, Herman
1280 Jones, Samuel
1100
Brimer, J. N.
046 Dowling, James
9834 Guess, Oliver.
1263 Jones, Hezekiah
Britton, Orrin I ..
1087 Downs, D. L.
910, Gness, Albert W
lof Jones, Jeduthan
Brownell, Benjamin B ...
12203 Downs, William II
1037 Jones, J. W.
1231
Bunell, Jesse G.
120G Dunn, John.
1068 Hall, Calvin
126% Joslin, W. H
1155
Burnhiều, F. W.
861
Hall, William 11
1038 Joslin, Carlos ..
Burnham. J. W
1204 Eastland, IL.
86] Hallin, B. C
HIS? Joslin, William II
Burnham. Horace L.
110[ Eastland. A. C.
856 Hamoton, Richard Wade. 1251
Burwitz, Christian ..
1143 Eastland, 11. W.
1190 Hamilton, Herman T
1250 Reano, John
Buch. \ IT.
830 Eastland, K. W
$61 Hamilton, Roswell Ri
. 1017 Kelly, John
Bu-by. Harry
32 Edwards, Thomas J.
95; Hamilton, D. S
NOS Kepler, Henry 1125
Bution, Leonard 1002 Eldred, R. S. 1007 Haney, J. W.
1003
Byrd. D. H.
830 Elliott, Joseph
1:26 Hanson, Nels.
Kimcannon. Marlon MI
Bellville, C. D.
828;Coffinberry, J. W .
55G Francis, William
12254 Hillman, W. J 1212
Bender, William ..
1047 Collins, William F.
1186 Freeborn, S. I.
109] Hitchcock, J. B
Bennett, George E
1207 Conner. Henry
1222; Freeman, Morris
1219 Hoke, George
1061 Hyuck, Wensel 1068
Bills, James 1.
1005 Davis, John C.
031 Gartieki, William W. 934 Irish, Joseph E 531
860| Davis. Samuel.
93: Garner, E. S.
Blake, Simon S
1143 David, O. F.
1236 Ghormley, Michael.
Bock, Hugo N
1010 Dawson, William Henry ..
114: Glasier, Il. W.
9031 Gunnell. Thomas. 1206
luchanan, Jr .. Robert ... Buchanan, Robert
12331 Driskill, Obediah
1235 Durnford. Alfred
562 Hale, Zachariah
43 Jones, John D
Jones, Warrington. 1231
Breve. E. W.
941 Coates, J. T ..
123:| Fowler, John W
934 Hartshorn, Dr Haseltine, Ira S
Austin, E. P .. 1258 Chandler, D. O.
1218 Fereber, Samuel
1035 Haseltine, Hascal ..
1256 Ferguson, John W
1067 Hawkins, R. C 531
Bachtenkircher, James ...
979| lark. E. I.
1230 Fhekner, Peter
969 Haseltine, Orin
91 Ewing, Joshua
1050 Fries, Henry W
Bickford, A. W ..
Garfield, William W
XII
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE.
PAGE.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Kincannon, William MI
1225 Miller, William
1030 Rice, Daniel.
1186 Strang, George H. 12210
Kinder, Peter.
1224 Miller, Jacob J
1020 Richards, William.
1121 |Straight. Albert J. 1254
Kinney, Thomas
934 Miller, George
942 Rizer, John H.
977 Stratton, A. M. 1234
Kinyon, Budington
1250 Miller, R M
946 Roberts, Jchiel W ..
1293 Stroud. A. E ..
861
Klingler, John.
1185 Millison, Levi.
1264 Robinson, William
1033 Stuart, Charles. 1256
Knight, Joseph
1201 Miner, James H.
863 Robinson, William.
1018 Surrem, John E. 1021
Koch, Jeremiah ..
1066 Minett, William
1119 Robinson, Henry
1019 Sutton, R. 865
Koenig, Rev. Henry
1077 |Misslich, William
1098 Robinson, William F
1019 Sweet, W.S.
564
SKrouskop, George
1184; Mitchell, G. R
946 Rodolph, Frank G
1030
859|Tadder, Gorman. 938
Kuykendall. Alfred
1004 Moore. C. J
1235 Rose, Sidney.
1185 Telfair, R. L. 945
120] Thomas, L. G. 1006
1234 Thomas. J. M .. 1102
1040 Thompson, A. P. 857
Larson, August.
1210 Moyes, James
1279 Rummery, Thomas J.
1039 Thoip, L. M. 12327
Laws, James
1140 Muhler, George ..
1050 Runyan, Leri.
1006 Tiuker, Allen
1276
Laws, G. L ..
827 Mukler, Jr., Amadeus
1050 Rutan, John ....
827 Toms, Henry 1204
Lawrence, Fred B
1209 Munson, Oliver G
1210
Totton, Jonathan 936
Towsley. A. W 1009
Leatherberry, Thomas J ..
1062 Murray, William
1291 salisbury, Jolin.
1289
Travers, Arthur W
1065
Lewis. James
1142 Murphy, Edward
1:252 Sanford, Frank.
1209
Travers, Heury
1065
Lewis, Andrew
939 Murphy. Michael 860
864 Sargent, George L. Scholl, Christopher ..
1258
Lewis, William F
1007 Neefe, Charles A
986 Schmitz, Mathias Joseph.
1105
Turner, Jonathan
1049
Lineoln, Levi J
1104 |Newburn, Jeremiah B 1033 Schmidt, Frederick C ..
1144
Logan T. P.
1233 Nichols, D. P
1002 Schurman, William.
1182
Van Dusen, Lawrence 859
Logan, James
1233 Noble, William J
Ill5 Scott, John S ..
1121
Sellers, James A.
485
Long, Samuel
1002 Noble, Samuel.
1234 Sexton, E. M
1064 Sexton, Morris
931 Waggoner, Peter
12250
Lucas, James.
1036 Norman, George
1064 Shaffer. John
1037 Waggoner, Caleb .. 1189
94] Waggoner, William J 1049
1138 Walworth. John I201
1207 Wan HI. J .. 946
McCarthy, Patrick H
1060 Nourse, Elijah.
1095 Shireman, Ammi
1191 Wallace, John 1003
McCarthy, Conelius ..
936 Nudd, Amos.
859 Shontz, John A.
1098 Wallace David
9.15
McCaskey, Josiah
857
1092 Ogden, William.
1104 Sehuermao, Henry
1139
Walser, Henry T
93] Walser, Hiram H. 1068
McCullum, J. L. R
1088 Page, Andrew J
829 Simpson, William
1099 Wanless, Archibald
1120
MeCollum, Asa
1088 Palmer, Oswald
1068 Sippy, Joseph
930 Washburn, James
1258
McGrew, J. B
1122 Parfrey, A. C ..
1206 |Slaughter. A. B
828
Watt, James
1266
Mckay, R. N
1211 Parsons, David E.
834 Slocum, C. W.
1215 Webb, Robert
978
McKee, J. L
1186 Parsons, Thomas 936 Pateh, Franeis M
1125 Smith, B. N ..
1211
Weldy. James D.
1038
McMahan, Isaac McMillan, Samuel
438 Pease, Myron C.
1097 Welton, Hiram
533
McMurtrie, Joseph
832 Pease, E ..
1205 Smith, Whitney.
1211 Welton. 0 S
1251
McNelly, Henry
[HO Pecknam, W. R ..
985 Smith, Philip
1128 West, Moses B. 1135 Wheaton, Theodore
1249 1011
Mainwaring, John
1140 Persinger, Levi.
1249 Wherry, Demas
1062
Manchester, T. A
101% Pickard, W. J
1193 Smith, C. H ..
830 Whitcomb, Myron.
934 Whiteraft, Thomas J 1190
1234 White, George C
Marshall, Joseph
1115 Pierce, Converse
1279 Smith, Jerry A
967 White, Marvin
1289
Markham. Edward
1292 Pratt, Richard
1255 Soule, James J
125 ;. Wiley, William Willis, John W
1:294
Mason, Thomas
1063|Pratt, W. E
1201 Southard, Ransom E
Mason, James Edward
1063 Priest, Henry.
911 Southard, James
1087
1208 Winn, John ... 1192
Mathews. Thomas
1135
858|Spangler, George L Stayton, John.
1247
Winterburn, Benjamin
1101
Matthews, John J
831 Queen, Benjamin W
1119 Stewart, R. B.
12.8%
Wolf, Abraham 1009
Mayfield, Green
1137 |Ragles, Ab‹ 1.
1100 Stewart, James II
Meeker, John A
1060 Randall, Miles.
860 Wright, John
1988
Meeker, Robert Douglas ..
1259 Wright, J. C 947
Merrill, Henty.
1124 Rreob, William ..
937 Stockton, J. C
1182 Wright, W. C
Mickel, George N.
1290 Recob. William ..
1034 Storms, Daniel
Miller, Abram
1143 Reniek, Lattimore
1058 Stowell, Anson
Miller, John ..
1144 Reynolds, Jefferson J ..
1009 Stockwell, Robert M
1065
Miller, Henry.
1247 Rhodes, Joseph H
100, Stoddard, Valontine
1288 Young, E. P.
930
832 Rodolph, Charles G
Krouskop, William
1003 Moody, Joseph
1277 Rogers, Salma ..
1048 Telfair, Byron W
Lamberson, J. G.
1099 Moon, Joseph
1123 Ross, O
Lane, A. D.
1194 Morrison, Henry J.
1003 Roth, George F
Lawton, Isaac R.
1019 Munson, Martin.
9'4 Saltsman, Willlam 1126
Leiber, John,
1292 Murphy, Daniel.
1287 Sands, John G.
1011
Truesdale, John Tubbs, R. A. 1049
112"
Lincoln, Oscar B
1280 Neff, Albert S.
1063 Schmitz, Mrs. M. J ..
1105
1252 Van Pool, Jacob. 1020
Looker, Edmund B
1128 Noble, Daniel
Lybrand. J. W. 1200 Norman, Joshua J
Norman. James
1064 Sherman, M. L
1263 Shookman Philip
1258 Walker, J. F.
1197
McCorkle, William
899,Ostrander, D. B
1103|Ott, Isaac G. B
1050 Sigrist, Henry Simons, Jacob
McCord. B. F
988 Palmer, L. B
834 Sires, Alexander
McDonald, Daniel
1250 Parfrey, Edward
1206 Slater, George.
1032 Washburn, B. F.
1020 Wenker, Sebastian
1279
MeMurtrey, Lee ..
1207 Peckham, Levi.
1099 West, Edward
MeNurlen, William
1005 Pepin, Cleophus.
1050 Smith, John ..
Manning, ErasmusDarwin 1038
Phoenix, Ludger
1275 Smith, David
1266
Whitcomb, C. C.
Manley, Menzies Phelps Marsh, S. B
1231 Piekering, William
1034 Smith, Edward
Marshall, George L Martin, James
1117 Pierson, Charles B
970|smyth. John R
1291 Wildermuth, David
1199 Powell, Joseph
1032 Snow, Daniel ..
1180 Wilson. John S. 859
Mathews, Hubert
1034 Priest, Daniel B.
1132
Stewart, Mablon
998 Wright. I. J. 119[
1066 Reagles, Ezra
1291 Stevenson, F. M
1087 Wiltront, Adamı A
Winton, Nathan
Mayfield, David.
1095 Pickard, S. W
1197 Smith, Henry J.
1139 Waller, George W
1040
MeCorkle, C. M.
McCorkle, Joseph C
1097 Norman, Caleb H.
1064 Shambaugh, Adam
1064 Sherman, Frederick
857 Waddell, John 1183
Loveless, A
829 Norman, Sr., George
Lunenschloss, William
933 Moody, E. L
Krouskop, Jacob.
Moore, R. S
1009 Ross, W. D. S.
1259
Tracy, Lucius 1089
Lewis, James. .
Turgasen. Jobu. 975
1093 Ward, Edgar 479
1017 Smith, Frank O
936 Smith, Mathias M.
1124 Smith, Isaac O
1228 Smith, Angus.
1256
931 Stewart, Charles D.
1197 Vulling, E. " Mtil
ICO5 Wulfing, William 1182
Certificates of Crawford and Richland Counties.
Wo the undersigned members of the committee appointed to revise and correet the General History of Crawford County, Wisconsin, do hereby certify that the manuscript of said history was submitted to us and that we made all the changes and additions that we, in our judgment. deemed necessary; and as corrected, we are satisfied with and approve the same. Prairie du Chien, Jan. 29, 1884. [Signed.]
Win. T. Sterling, B. W. Brisbois, James Fisher John 11. Tower. Win. D. Morrell, Alexander M. Beach, John R. Hurlbut,
Committee.
We the undersigned committee appointed for the purpose of correcting the History of our respective towns for the History of Crawford County, hereby cortify that the manuscript has been read to us, and that to the best of our recollee- tion, with the corrections and additions we have made, the sume is a correct history.
11. 0. King, 11. Barrette, Mrs. Lydia Atherton.
John HI. Tower, Henry Eibret.
Samuel A. Clark,
Edward Garvey,
Samuel Armstrong.
Seneca.
G. A. Smith, (. W. Baker.
W. D. C. Lewis, J. N. Kast.
Prairie du Chien.
James A. Curran,
William T. Sterling.
Utica.
Z .. Bench,
James Fisher.
A. N. Hazen.
S. L. Wannemaker, S. S. Ferrol, J. M. Callaway.
Ralph Smith,
Mrs. R. Smith,
Eastman
Marietta.
We, the undersigned, members of the committer appointed to revise and correet the general chapters of the History of Richland county, Wisconsin, compiled by the Union Publishing Company of Springfield, Illinois, hereby certify that the said manuscript was submitted to us; that we examined and heard the same read, and that, we have made all the changes. corrections and additions that we in our judgment and to the best of our recollection deem necessary, and as corrected we are satisfied with and approve of the same. Richland Center, Jan. 8, 1884. [Signed.]
D. L. Downs,
James H. Miner,
J. M. Thomas,
R. M. Miller,
Israel Janney.
Committee.
Jas. Bachtenkircher. James Brady. .John Torgerson. Akan.
Win. Pizer. J. M. Hurless, D. V. Dellart. Bloom.
Samuel Long, J. W. Fuller, L. G. Thomas. Buena Vista.
J. T. Barnes,
Jacob Berger.
Dayton.
1. 11 Newburn,
George Miller,
William Robinson.
Eagle.
Salma Rogers, L. Clift.
Forest.
L. Renick. J. M. Garfield P. H. Mccarthy. Henrietta.
Thomas Mathews,
William Dooley,
II enry Sigrist.
Orion.
James Il. Miner.
David G. James,
D. Strickland,
David Mayfield.
Richland
John Donahoe.
A. Tinker.
Moses Bible.
Westford.
.James French,
R. B. Stewart.
V. Stoddard.
Samuel Noble,
R. M. Miller,
.Joseph Elliott.
Richtenod.
Willow.
Daniel Noble.
Archiball Wanless.
W. F. Kepler.
Marshall.
Abel P. Hyde,
George Fogo,
J. S. Scott.
Rockbridge .
Asahel Savage.
Grn. H. Babb.
N. Grim.
Sylvan.
William Dixon, C. G. Thomas, Peter A. MIckle, E. Devoe. Ithaca.
J. R. Hurlbut, Chancey Kast, Charles Coalburn. Scott. Wnuzcha.
Bridgeport .
Freeman.
John Folsom,
T. A. Savage.
Mlayton,
Hancy.
HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 2
CHAPTER I.
PRE-HISTORIC AND SETTLEMENT.
A T a remote period there lived in this coun- try a people now designated mound build- ors. Of their origin nothing is known. Their history is lost in the lapse of ages. The evi- dences, however, of their existence in Wiseon- sin and surrounding States are numerous. Many of their earth works-the so-called mounds-are still to be seen. These are of various forms. Some are regularly arranged, forming squares, octagons and circ'es; others are like walls or ramparts; while many, especially in Wisconsin, are imitative in figure, having the shape of implements or animals, resembling war clubs, tobacco pipes, beasts, reptiles, fish and even man. A few are in the similitude of trees.
In selecting sites for many of their earth works, the mound-builders appear to have been influenced by motives which prompt civilized men to choose localities for their great marts; hence, Milwaukee and other cities of the west are founded on ruins of pre-existing struc- tures. River terraces and river bottoms scem
to have been favorite places for these mounds. Their works are seen in the basin of the Fox river, of the Illinois, and of Rock river and its branches, also in the valley of the Fox river of Green bay, in that of the Wisconsin, as well as near the waters of the Mississippi. As to the object of these earth works, all knowledge rests upon conjecture alone. It is generally believed that some were used for purposes of defense, others for the observance of religious rites and as burial places.
In some parts of Wisconsin are seen earth works of a different character from those usu- ally denominated "mounds." These, from their supposed use, are styled "garden beds." They are ridges or beds about six inches in height, and four feet in width. They are arranged methodically and in parallel rows. Some are rectangular in shape; others are in regular curves. These beds occupy fields of various sizes, from ten to a hundred acres.
The mound builders have left other evidences besides monnds and garden beds, to attest their
1
18
HISTORY OF WISCONSIN.
presence in this country, in ages past. In the Lake Superior region exist ancient copper mines, excavations in the solid rock. In these mines have been found stone hammers, wooden bowls and shovels, props and levers for raising and supporting mass copper, and ladders for descending into the pits and ascending from them.
There are, also, scattered widely over the country, numerous relies, evidently the handi- work of these pre-historic people; such as stone axes, stone and copper spear-heads and arrow heads, and various other implements and uten- sils. As these articles are frequently discov- ered many feet below the surface of the ground, it argues a high antiquity for the artificers. These relics indicate that the mound builders were superior in intelligence to the Indians. None of their implements or utensils, however, point to a "copper age" as having succeeded a "stone age." They all refer alike to one age, the indefinite past; to one people, the mound builders.
There is nothing to connect "the dark back- ward and abysm" of mound-building times with those of the red race of Wisconsin, And all that is known of the savages inhabiting this section previous to its discovery, is exceedingly dim and shadowy. Upon the extended area bonnded by Lake Superior on the north, Lake Michigan on the east, wide-spreading prairies on the south, and the Mississippi river on the west, there met and mingled two distinet In- dian families, Algonquins and Dakotas. Con- eerning the various tribes of these families, nothing of importance could be gleaned by the earliest explorers; at least, very little has been preserved. Tradition, it is true, pointed to the Algonquins as having, at some remote period, migrated from the east, and this has been con- firmed by a study of their language. It indi- cated, also, that the Dakotas, at a time far be- yond the memory of the most aged, came from the west or southwest, fighting their way as they came; that one of their tribes once dwelt
.
npon the shores of a sea; but when and for what purpose they left their home for the country of the great lakes there was no evi- denee. This was all. In reality, therefore, Wisconsin has no veritable history ante-dating its discovery by civilized man. The country has been heard of, but only through vague re- ports of savages .* There were no accounts at all, besides these, of the extensive region of the upper lakes; while of the valley of the npper Mississippi, nothing whatever was known.
FIRST EXPLORATION OF THE NORTHWEST.
The history of Wisconsin commences with the recital of the indomitable perseverance and heroie bravery displayed by its first visitant, John Nicolet. An investigation of the career of this Frenchman shows him, at an early age, leaving his home in Normandy for the new world, landing at Quebec in 1618, and at once seeking a residence among the Algonquins of the Ottawa river, in Canada, sent thither by the governor to learn their language. In the midst of many hardships, and surrounded by perils, he applied himself with great zeal to his task. Having become familiar with the Algonquin tongne, he was admitted into the councils of the savages.
The return of Nicolet to civilization, after a number of years immured in the dark forests of Canada, an excellent interpreter, qualified him to aet as government agent among the wild western tribes in promoting peace, to the end that all who had been visited by the fur-trader might remain firm allies of the French. Nay, further: it resulted in his being dispatched to Nations far beyond the Ottawa, known only by heresay, with whom it was believed might be opened a profita' le trade in furs. So he started on his perilous voyage. Ile visited the Hurons, upon the Georgian bay. With seven of that Nation, he struck boldly into wilds to the north- ward and westward never before visited by civ- ilized man. He paddled his birch canoe along
*Compare Champlain's Voyages, 1632, and his map of that date; Sagard's, Histoire du Canada: Le Jeune Relation, 1632.
19
HISTORY OF WISCONSIN.
the eastern coast of Lake Huron and up the St. Mary's Strait to the falls. Ile floated back to the Straits of Mackinaw, and courageously turned his face toward the west. At the Sault de Ste. Marie, he had-the first of white men-set foot upon the soil of the northwest.
Nicolet coasted along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, ascended Green Bay, and finally entered the mouth of Fox river. It was not until he and his swarthy Hurons had urged their frail canoes six days up that stream, that his western exploration was ended. He had, mean- while, on his way hither, visited a number of tribes; some that had never before been heard of by the French upon the St. Lawrence. With them all he smoked the pipe of peace; with the ancestors of the present Chippewas, at the Sault; with the Menomonces, the Winneba- goes, the Mascontins, in what is now the State of Wisconsin; with the Ottawas, upon the Man- itoulin Islands, and the Nez Perces, upon the cast coast of Lake Huron. He made his outward voyage in the summer and fall of 1634, and re- turned the next year to the St. Lawrence. He did not reach the Wisconsin river, but heard of a "great water" to the westward, which he mistook for the sea. It was, in fact, that stream, and the Mississippi, into which it pours its flood.
"History cannot refrain from saluting Nicolet as a distinguished traveler, who, by his explora- tions in the northwest, has given clear proofs of his energetic character, and whose merits have not been disputed, although, subsequently, they were temporarily forgotten." The first fruits of his daring were gathered by the Jesuit fathers, even before his death; for, in the autumn of 1641, those of them who were among the Hurons at the head of the Georgian bay of Lake Iluron, received a deputation of Indians occupying the "country around a rapid [now known as the 'Sault de Ste. Marie'], in the midst of the channel by which Lake Superior empties into Lake Huron," inviting them to visit their tribe. These "missionaries were not displeased
with the opportunity thus presented of knowing the countries lying beyond Lake Huron, which no one of them had yet traveled;" so Isaac Jogues and Charles Raymbault were detached to accompany the Chippewa deputies, and view the field simply, not to establish a mission. They passed along the shore of Lake Huron, northward, and pushed as far up St. Mary's strait as the Sault, which they reached after seventeen days' sail from their place of starting. There they-the first white men to visit the northwest after Nicolet-harrangued 2,000 Chippewas and other Algonquins. Upon their return to the St. Lawrence, Jogues was captured by the Iroquois, and Raymbault died on the 22d of October, 1642,-a few days before the death of Nicolet .*
WISCONSIN VISITED BY FUR TRADERS AND JESUIT MISSIONARIES.
Very faint, indeed, are the gleams which break in upon the darkness surrounding our knowledge of events immediately following the visit of Nicolet, in what is now the State of Wisconsin. That the Winnebagoes, soon after his return, made war upon the Nez Perces, kill- ing two of their men, of whom they made a feast, we are assured .* We also know that in 1640, these same Winnebagoes were nearly all destroyed by the Illinois ; and that the next year, the Pottawattamies took refuge from their homes upon the islands at the mouth of Green bay, with the Chippewas.t This is all. And had it not been for the greed of the fur trader and the zeal of the Jesnit, little more, for many years, probably, woukl have been learned of the northwest. However, a ques- tioning missionary, took from the lips of an Indian captaint "an account of his having, in the month of June, 1658, set out from Green Bay for the north, passing the rest of the sum- mer and the following winter near Lake Supe- * History of the di-covery of the northwest by John Nico- let in 1634, with a sketch of his life, by C. W. Butterfield, Cincinnati. Robert Clarke & Co., 1881.
* Le Jeune, Relation, 1636.
+ Col. Hist. New York ix, 161.
$ Not 'captive. " as somo local histories have it.
20
HISTORY OF WISCONSIN.
rior ; so called in consequence of being above that of Lake Huron. This Indian informed the Jesuit of the havoc and desolation of the lro- quois war in the west ; how it had reduced the Algonquin Nations about Lake Superior and Green bay. The same missionary saw at Que- bec, two Frenchmen who had just arrived from the upper countries with 300 Algon- quins in sixty canoes, laden with peltries. These fur traders had passed the winter of 1659 on the shores of Lake Superior, during which time they made several trips among the surrounding tribes. In their wanderings they probably vis- ited some of the northern parts of what is now Wisconsin. They saw at six days' jour- ney beyond the lake toward the southwest, a tribe composed of the remainder of the Hurons of the Tobacco Nation, compelled by the Iroquois to abandon Mackinaw and to bury themselves thus deep in the forests, that they could not be found by their enemies. The two traders told the tales they had heard of the ferocious Sioux, and of a great river upon which they dwelt-the great water of Nicolet. Thus a knowledge of the Mississippi began to dawn again upon the civilized world."*
The narratives of the Indian eaptain and the two Frenchmen induced further exploration two years later when Father Rene Menard attempted to found a mission on Lake Superior, with eight Frenchmen and some Ottawas. He made his way in 1660 to what is now Keweenaw, Mich. He determined while there to visit some Hu- rons on the islands at the mouth of Green bay. He sent three of his companions to explore the way. They reached those islands by way of the Menominee river, returning to Keweenaw with discouraging accounts. But Menard re- solved to undertake the journey, starting from the lake with one white companion and some Ilurons ; he perished, however, in the forest, in what manner is not known, his companion reaching the Green bay islands in safety. White men had floated upon the Menominee, * liistory Northern Wisconsin, p. 30.
so that the northeastern part of what is now Wisconsin, as well as its interior by'Nicolet in 1634, had now been seen by civilized white mant.
FOUNDING OF JESUIT MISSIONS IN WISCONSIN.
In August, 1665, Father Claude Allouez embarked on a mission to the country visited by Menard. Early in September he had reached the Sault de Ste. Marie, and on the first day of October, arrived in the bay of Chegoimegon, at a village of Chippewas. Here he erected a chapel of bark, establishing the first mission in what is now Wisconsin to which he gave the name of the Holy Spirit. While Allouez had charge of this field, he either visited or saw, at Chegoimegon, scattered bands of Hurons and Ottawas ; also Pottawat- tamies from Lake Michigan, and the Saes and Foxes, who lived upon the waters of Fox river of Green bay. He was likewise visited by the Illinois, and at the extremity of Lake Superior he met representatives of the Sioux. These declared they dwelt on the banks of the river "Messipi." Father James Marquette reached Chegoimegon in September, 1669, and took charge of the mission of the Holy Spirit, Allouez proceeding to the Sault de Ste. Marie, intending to establish a mission on the shores of Green bay. lle left the Sault Nov. 3, 1669, and on the 25th, reached a Pottawattamie cabin. On the 2d of December he founded upon the shore of Green bay the mission of St. Francis Xavier, the second one established by him within what are now the limits of Wisconsin. Here Allouez passed the winter. In April, 1670, he founded another mission ; this one was upon Wolf river, a tributary of the Fox river of Green bay. Here the missionary labored among the Foxes, who had located upon that stream. The mission, the third in the present Wisconsin, he called St. Mark.
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