USA > Wisconsin > The Wisconsin blue book 1893 > Part 55
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LINGUISTIC ART.
English Literature-General survey; English Masterpieces; American Masterpieces.
Classical and Foreign Literature-Studied in connection with the languages given above.
Rhetoric-Principles; Practical Rhetoric; Philosophy of Rhetoric; Rhetorical exercises. Elocution-Lectures, criticism and practice.
Music-Vocal culture; Piano Playing; Harmony; Solo and Chorus Practice.
MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE.
Pure Mathematics-Advanced Algebra; Solid Geometry; Trigometry; Descriptive Geo- metry; Analytical Geometry: Differential Calculus; Integral Calculus; Method of Least Squares; Modern Analytical Geometry; Higher Plane Curves; Geometry of Three Dimen- sions; Differential Equations; Spherical Harmonics; Elliptic Functions; Theory of Func- tions; Quantics; Quaternions.
PHYSICAL SCIENCE.
Astronomy-Descriptive, Theoretical and Practical; Instrumental work.
Physics-Experimental lectures; Mathematical physics; Laboratory work.
Chemistry-Descriptive and Analytical; Lectures and Laboratory Practice; Qualitative and Quantitative; Inorganic, Organic, Metallurgical and Toxicological; Urinalysis; Teach- ers' course.
Mineralogy-Descriptive, determinative, optical and miscropical Mineralogy; Blowpipe Analysis; Chrystallography.
Geology-General, Special and Applied; General and Miscroscopic Petography; Paleontol- ogy.
Zoology -- General and Descriptive; Vertebrate Anatomy; Histology; Physiology; Em- bryology; Original Investigation.
Bacteriology-Study of Bacteria by culture and other methods.
Botany-Descriptive and Analytical; Vegetable Histology; Embryology and Physiology; Special and Original Work.
Hygiene and Sanitary Science-Lectures, physical drill; ladies' gymnastics.
MILITARY SCIENCE.
Tactics and Drill-Infantry and Artillery; Military Drill.
APPLIED SCIENCE AND ART ..
Agriculture-Farm Management; Stock Raising; History and Condition of Improved Breeds; Theory of Stock Breeding; Study of Pedigrees; Care and Management of Stock; Dairying; Laws of Growth; Feeding Standards; Feeding for Milk, for Meat, for Growth.
Agricultural Chemistry-Chemical Relations of soil, water and air to plant develop- ment; Fertilizers, Commercial and Manurial; Composition and Feeding Value of crops and fodders; Chemistry of the Dairy; Composition of Milk and its manufactured products; Detection of. Adulterations; Fermentation and Decay.
Agricultural Botany-Relation of plants to soil, moisture and atmosphere; Development of useful plants; Dependence of growth on external conditions; How plant food is manu- factured and stored; Reproduction by cuttings, grafts, buds, spores and seeds; Testing seeds; Disease of plants.
Agricultural Physics-Capillary and Osmotic Action in relation to soils, plants and ani- mal tissues; Mechanical Principles applied to farming; Pressure and Flow of Water in
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STATE INSTITUTIONS.
soils, drains, pipes and tanks; Drainage; Relations of Heat to soil, to animal and plant growth: Farm Structures; Ventilation of farm buildings.
Veterinary Science-Animal Diseases; Animal Surgery.
Horticulture-Propagation, planting, cultivation, pruning, marketing and preserving the fruits of our climate; growing of garden vegetables; construction and management of hot- beds, forcing pits, etc .; culture and adoption of flower garden and greenhouse plants; principles of ornamental planting, laying out gardens and pleasure grounds, formation and management of lawns; method of seed growing; principles of selection: art of cross- fertilization.
Economic Entomology-Classification of insects; principal injurious and beneficial in- sects of our climate; means for preventing insect ravages.
Mechanics-Elementary Mechanics ; Analytical Mechanics; Graphic Statics; Mechanics of Materials; Mechanics of Machinery; Theory of Structure; Thermodynamics.
Practical Mechanics-Bench and Machine Work in Wood; Pattern Work and Moulding; Hand Work in Iron; Forge Work; Machine Work in Iron; Machine Construction; Model Designing: Construction and Testing.
Surveying - Elementary Surveying ; Railroad Surveying; Topographical Surveying Geodesy.
Engineering-Steam Engineering; Electrical Engineering; Railway Engineering; Hy- draulic Engineering; Mine Engineering; Sanitary Engineering; Building Construction; Machine Construction; Hydraulic Motors.
Engineering Draughting-Elementary Drawing; Descriptive Geometry Problems; Work- ing Drawings of Machines; Stereotomy; Topographical Draughting and Platting; Working Drawings of Framed Structures: Working Drawings of Mine Structures and Mine Timbers; Drawings of Metallurgical Structures.
Metallurgy, Ore Concentration, Assaying-Mettalurgy of Iron, Copper, Lead, Gold, Silver, etc .; Fuel, Refractory Materials; treatment of Ores; Assays by different methods.
Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Practical Pharmacy ; Materia Medica ; Phar- maceutical Botany.
LEGAL SCIENCE AND ART.
Law-Equity; Constitutional Law; Admiralty; Estoppel; Municipal Corporations; Com- mercial Corporations; Contracts; Negligence; Common Carriers; Torts; Damages; Sales; Taxes and Tax-titles; Juries; Pleadings and Practice; Evidence; Justice Court Procedure; Criminal Law; Wills; Domestic Relations; Personal Property; Real Estate.
METHODS OF ADMISSION.
I. By examinations at the University.
II. By special local examinations under the supervision of an authorized agent of the University, and
III. By presentation of a proper certificate from an accredited schooi.
TERMS OF ADMISSION.
All courses of the University are open to women on precisely the same terms as men.
(1.) General Examination for all candidates for the Freshman Class: Orthography, grammar, sentential analysis, arithmetic, algebra through quadratics, plane geometry, civil and physical geography, U. S. History.
(2.) For the Ancient Classical Course, the above, (1), and ancient and English history; Latin grammar and composition, Cæsar (four books), Cicero (seven orations), including the Manilian Law, Virgil (six books of the Æneid), Sallust's Conspiracy of Catalire; Greek grammar and composition, Xenophon's Anabasis (four books), Homer's Iliad (three books).
(3.) For the Modern Classical Course, all the above (1) and (2) except Greek, instead of which German grammar and twenty lessons in any standard German reader, and solid geometry are required.
(4). For the English Course, the general examination required of all (1), and English literature, ancient and English history, botany, physiology, natural philosophy and solid geometry.
(5). For the General Science, Special Science (pre-medical), and all Engineering Courses. the general examination required of all (1), and German grammar, twenty lessons in the German reader, botany, physiology, natural philosophy and solid geometry.
(6). For the Long Agricultural Cours -. the same as for the General Science Course, ex- cept that German is not required. For the Middle Agricultural Course, reading, writing,
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WISCONSIN BLUE BOOK.
arithmetic, geography, grammar, U. S. history, physiology, hygiene, the constitutions of the United States and of Wisconsin. For the Short and Dairy Courses no examination is- required, but candidates must give evidence of such maturity and common education as. to fit them to profitably take the course.
(7). For the Civic-Historic Course, the same as for the English or classical courses.
(8). For the Elementary Greek Class (Greek not required), Latin grammar and compo- sition, Cæsar (four books), Cicero (two orations), ancient and English history, and the gen- eral examination required of all (1).
(9). For Special Students, the English branches required for the General Science Course including the general examination (1).
(10). For Law and Pharmacy, evidence of sufficient education to profitably pursue the- courses.
Persons desiring specific details will find the President, Secretary and Registrar ready to give any required information, any of whom may be addressed by title simply.
BUILDINGS.
The University buildings are: University Hall, devoted to the literary, mathematical, historical, philosophical and civic departments; North Hall, devoted to German and Scandinavian; Agricultural Hall, occupied by the Experiment Station and the agricultural department; Science Hall, devoted to physics, zoology, botany, mineralogy, geology and the engineering departments; the Chemical Laboratory, devoted to chemistry, metallurgy and assaying; the Machine Shop, devoted to mechanical practice and the necessary mechanical work of the University; Library Hall, embracing the library and the general assembly hall; Ladies' Hall, occupied by the musical and ladies' literary rooms, besides ladies' boarding rooms; two Observatories, devoted to astronomy; Farm buildings. The Ma- chine Shops, the Chemical Laboratory and Science Hall are new buildings of the most ap- proved construction and appointments. The latter is pronounced the best building of its kind in this country. The Dairy building, named Hiram Smith Hall, erected in 1891-2, has accommodations for one hundred students. It is devoted exclusively to dairying, and is considered the finest structure of its kind in the world. The new Law School building, a commodious three-story building, constructed of red Superior sandstone, will be ready for occupancy by the law classes at the opening of the college year 1893-4. The College of Law is at present located in the capitol building. The foundations have been completed for the new Armory and Gymnasium, and the contract calls for the completion of the building by January, 1894. Illustrations are shown herein of the three last named build- ings, of which the University and the state may be justly proud.
LABORATORIES.
The University is unusually well furnished with laboratories whose equipment is of the highest order. They are twenty in number, devoted to the following purposes: agricultural chemistry, agricultural physics, assaying, bacteriology, elementary botany, advanced bot- any, horticulture, organic chemistry, qualitative chemistry, quantitative chemistry, engi- neering, geology, histology, mineralogy, petrography. pharmacy, photography, physics (embracing several sub-laboratories), psychology, elementary zoology, advanced zoology.
MUSEUMS.
The University museums are the geological and mineralogical, the zoological and botan- ical, and the agricultural.
LIBRARIES
The University has a general library containing abont 26, 000 volumes, and is developing a series of special libraries devoted to the technical work of the several departments, among which the law library, the Woodman Astronomical library and the agricultural library are the more considerable. Smaller libraries are being formed relating to phar- macy, engineering, zoology, botany, geology, mineralogy, physics, German, chemistry and other subjects.
Besides these, which belong to the university, there are accessible to students the State Historical library, 146,000 volunics, including pamphlets; the State Law library, 23.000 vol- umes, and the City library, 12,000 volumes, altogether constituting library facilities sur passed at only a few places in this country.
GENERAL POLICY.
It is the general policy of the institution to foster the higher educational interests of the state, broadly and generously interpreted. It is its aim to make ample provision for the demands of advanced scholarship in as many of the lines of intellectual development as its means will permit. By prescribing the larger portion of the studies of the regular
471
STATE INSTITUTIONS.
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courses in earlier years, and by leaving the larger number in the later portion of the course to the selection of the student, it endeavors to give a judicious measure of direction to- gether w th sufficient room for choice to permit individual adaptation and special develop- meut.
The University endeavors to avoid all that is sectarian or partisan, without withdrawing its sympathy and influence from whatever contributes to good citizenship and high char- acter.
Subjects which constitute party questions will be avoided in the courses of study. The subject of tariff having come to be a definite party issue will be omitted from instruction, in all partisan phases of the subject.
The University recognizes no distinction of race, color or sex. All who conform to its intellectual and moral requirements are equally entitled to its privileges.
METHODS OF WORK.
The methods of work embrace nearly or quite all of those that have proved efficient in the experience of similar institutions. Recitations, emancipated from servile text-book work, still hold a large place. Lectures, especially in the departments admitting of ex- perimental and objective illustration, also occupy a large place. Freedom of discussion and questioning by the student accompany both methods. The laboratory system in all the departments in which it is practicable is fully employed. The German seminar sys- tem is being gradually introduced into the several departments to which that method is adapted.
The facilities for this work are being enlarged as|fast as possible.
DEPARTMENTS OF ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION.
Knowledge being the foundation of all true education, the University of Wisconsin recog- nizes the search for new knowledge and the crucial testing of the old to be an important function of a university. Two departments of the University are devoted almost exclu- sively to original research, the Washburn Observatory and the Agricultural Experiment Station. A limited but increasing amount of original investigation is being done in other departments in immediate connection with instructional work.
AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTES
Through special legislative provision, a carefully conducted system of Farmer's Insti- tutes is maintained under the auspicies of the University. It is placed in the immediate charge of a superintendent, who carefully elaborates and judiciously controls the organi- zation and execution of all the institutes. He is aided by special conductors who assist in perfecting the details and carrying the whole into effect.
The director of the Experiment Station renders as much assistance as is consistent with his other duties, directing his efforts chiefly to the discussion of the practical problems affected by the experimental work of the station, and the educational work of the Univer- sity. Experts from different states and from Canada are engaged to present special im- portant themes. State and local talent is freely used, and not the least of the educational benefits is the development of latent ability in writing, speaking and experimenting,which has followed as an incidental result.
SUMMER SCHOOL FOR TEACHERS.
A special school of science for teachers is maintained for four weeks (usually the last three weeks of July and the first in August). It has heretofore embraced psychology, ped- agogy, zoology, physiology, history, rhetoric, mathematics, chemistry, scientific geography and English literature, conducted by seven professors and three assistants. The enroll- ment for the past year (1892) was 190.
TERMS AND VACATIONS.
There are three terms in each year. The first consists of 1412 weeks, beginning on Wel nesday and ending on Friday next preceding Christmas. The winter term begins on the Monday after New Years and lasts 12 weeks; the spring term vacation consists of one week and the spring term of 1012 weeks, ending on Wednesday (Commencement day).
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WISCONSIN BLUE BOOK.
STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS.
BOARD OF REGENTS.
EX-OFFICIO. HIS EXCELLENCY, THE GOVERNOR OF THE STATE. THE HONORABLE, THE STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. APPOINTED. Term ending February, 1893.
D. J. GARDNER, Platteville. MICHAEL KIRWAN, Manitowoc. IRA A. HILL, Sparta. Term ending February, 1894.
JOHN W. HUME, Oshkosh. BYRON B. PARK, Stevens Point. BERNARD GOLDSMITH, Milwaukee.
Term ending February, 1895.
F. P. AINSWORTH, River Falls. E. M. JOHNSON, Whitewater.
W. D. PARKER, Madison.
Officers. JOHN W. HUME, PRESIDENT. E. M. JOHNSON, VICE-PRESIDENT. W. D. PARKER, SECRETARY. THE STATE TREASURER, TREASURER.
Committees.
Course of Study, Text Books -Regents Parker, Kirwan, Johnson.
Executive-Regents Hume, Parker, Johnson.
Finance-Regents Hill, Ainsworth, Park.
Graduating Classes-Regents Wells, Parker, Gardner.
Institutes-Regents Wells, Peck, Parker.
Inspection -Regents Gardner, Kirwan, Ainsworth, Goldsmith. Teachers-Regents Parker, Park, Hill.
Board of Visitors appointed by the State Superintendent for 1892-93.
Milwaukee-T. B. Pray, Whitewater; C. E. Patzer, Manitowoc: Mrs. Mary D. Bradford, Kenosha.
Oshkosh-J. W. Stearns, Madison; II. B. Hubbell, Beaver Dam: I. N. Stewart, Appleton. Platteville-J. J. Blaisdell, Beloit; E. A. Birge, Madison; Mrs. L. R. Gott, Viroqua.
River Falls-C. H. Sylvester, Whitewater; A. F. North, Pewaukee; H. A. Simonds, Stevens Point.
Whitewater-John F. Burke, Milwaukee; Miss L. E. Stearns, Milwaukee; J. W. Living- ston, Sparta.
Regular meetings of the board at Room No. 7 in the Capitol, at 10 o'clock A. M. on the first Wednesdays in July and in February.
HISTORY OF NORMAL SCHOOLS.
The constitution of the state, adopted 1818, provides, "that the revenue of the school fund shall be exclusively applied to the following objects:
"Ist. To the support and maintenance of common schools, in each school district, and the purchase of suitable libraries and appurtenances therefor."
"21. The residue shall be appropriated for the support of academies and normal schools, and suitable libraries and appurtenances therefor "
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STATE INSTITUTIONS.
No advantage of these provisions for the endowment of normal schools was taken until 1857, when an act was passed, (chapter 82), providing "that the income of twenty-five per cent. of the gross proceeds Arising from the sale of swamp and overflowed lands" should be apportioned for the support of normal institutes and academies, under the supervision and direction of a board of regents of normal schools, who were to be appointed in pur- suance of the provisions of that act. Under this law, the income placed at the disposal of the board was distributed for several years to such colleges, academies and high schools as maintained a normal class, and in proportion to the number of pupils in the class who passed satisfactory examinations conducted by an agent of the board.
In 1865, the legislature (chapter 537) divided the swamp lands and swamp land fund into two equal parts, one to constitute the normal school fund and the other to be denominated the drainage fund. It was further provided by this act that the normal school fund be permanently invested, and the income thereof should be applied to establish and maintain normal schools, under the direction and management of the board of regents, with a pro- viso that one-fourth of such income should be transferred to the common school fund, until the annual income of that fund should reach $200,000. During the same year, pro- posals were invited for extending aid in the establishment of a normal school, and propo- sitions were received from various places.
In 1866, the board of regents of normal schools was incorporated by the legislature. In February, Platteville was conditionally selected as affplace for a school. The productive fund of about $600,000 with a net income of over $30,000 was already accumulated with a prospect of a steady increase by the sales of lands and the board determined upon the policy of establishing several schools to be located in different parts of the state.
At a meeting held on the second day of May, 1866, the Board designated Whitewater as a place for a school, where a building was subsequently erected. The Academy building at Platteville having been donated for normal purposes, the Board permanently located a school at that place, and a school was opened October 9, 1866, under Charles H. Allen, a former agent of the board. President Allen resigned at the close of four years of service, and E. A. Charleton, from Lockport, N. Y., was placed in charge. President Charleton resigned in 1878, after more than eight years' service, and Duncan McGregor, long con- nected with the school as a professor, was elected to the presidency.
The school at Whitewater was opened on the 21st of April, 1838, under Oliver Arey, A. M., formerly connected with normal schools at Albany and Brockport, N. Y., and the building was on the same day dedicated with appropriate ceremonies. On the resignation of President Arey in 1877, Wm. F. Phelps, A. M., an educator of large experience and of wide reputation, was appointed to take charge of the school. He was succeeded at the end of two years by J. W. Stearns, A. M., who had attained distinction in normal and col- lege service, but he resigned in January, 1835, to take the professorship of theory and art of teaching in the University of Wisconsin. Prof. T. B. Pray, of the local faculty, acted as president for the remainder of the school year, and Albert Salisbury was elected and assumed the presidency at the opening of the year 1885. President Salisbury formerly taught in the school, but for two years had been engaged in supervisory educational work in the South.
A building was completed at Oshkosh during the year 1870, for a third Normal school, but owing to lack of funds it was not opened immediately for the admission of pupils. The dedication of the building and the opening of the school took place September 19, 1871, and the school has been under the constant direction of George S. Albee, A. M., previously superintendent and principal of public schools at Kenosha and at Racine.
The fourth school was opened in September, 1875, at River Falls, under the charge of Warren D. Parker, A. M., formerly superintendent and principal of public schools at Janesville. On the resignation of Mr. Parker in June, 1889, J. Q. Emery, principal of schools at Fort Atkinson, was elected president.
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September 14, 1885, the fifth Normal school was opened in the city of Milwaukee, pur- suant to chapter 364 of the laws of 1885, and J. J. Mapel, formerly principal of the local high school, was elected president; he was succeeded by L. D. Harvey, A. M., for many years conductor of teachers' institutes from Oshkosh Normal School. Upon the comple- tion of the building, and the conveyance of the same to the state, the legislature made an appropriation of $10,000 to aid in the maintenance of this school.
The law under which the normal schools are organized provides that "The exclusive purpose and objects of each normal school shall be the instruction and training of persons both male and female, in the theory and art of teaching, and in all the various branches that pertain to a common school education, and in all subjects needful to qualify for
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WISCONSIN BLUE BOOK.
teaching in the public schools; also to give instruction in the fundamental laws of the United States and of this state, in what regards the rights and duties of citizens."
REGULATIONS FOR ADMISSION TO NORMAL SCHOOLS.
Tuition is free to all students who are admitted to the schools under the following regulations of the board.
1. Each assembly district in the state shall be entitled to eight representatives in the normal schools.
2. Candidates for admission shall be nominated by the superintendent of the county or of the city, in which such candidate may reside, and shall be at least sixteen years of age, of sound bodily health, and of good moral character. Each person so nominated shall re- ceive a certificate setting forth his name, age, health and character, and a duplicate thereof shall be mailed to the secretary of the board.
3. Upon the presentation of the original certificate to the president of a normal school the candidate shall be examined and if found qualified in respect to learning, he may be admitted after furnishing such evidence as the president may require, of health and good moral character, and upon subscribing to a deciaration as follows:
I hereby declare that my purpose in entering this school is to fit myself for the profession of teaching, and that it is my intention to engage in teaching in the public schools of the state.
4. No person shall be entitled to a diploma who has not been a member of the school in which such diploma is granted, at least one year, nor who is less than nineteen years of age a certificate of attendance may be granted by the president of a normal school to any person who shall have been a member of such school for one term, provided, that in his judgment, such certificate is deserved.
In extension of the work of the normal schools, the Board is authorized to expen I a sum. not exceeding $8,000.00 annually, to support teachers' institutes, and may employ agents for that purpose. At present one professor from each normal school is employed at different seasons in conducting institutes.
The productive Normal School Fund now amounts to $1,782,513.48, and yielded an income of $95,473.84 in 1892, and will be increased by the further sale of swamp lands. The fund for the support of normal schools is further increased by the amount received for tuition in the training and preparatory schools, attached to the normal schools, $8,214.97 in 1891-92, and for book rents. $5,302.08 in 1891-92, and by the annual appropriation of $10,000- to aid in maintaining the Milwaukee school.
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