USA > Alaska > History of Alaska : 1730-1885 > Part 1
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74
M. LY
GEN
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 00560 9760
Gc 979.8 B22hi Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832-1918. History of Alaska : 1730-1885
THE WORKS
OF
HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT.
THE WORKS
OF
HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT.
VOLUME XXXIII.
HISTORY OF ALASKA.
1730-1885.
SAN FRANCISCO : A. L. BANCROFT & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1886.
Allen County Public Library 900 Webster Street PO Box 2270 Fort Wayne, IN 46801-2270
Entered according to Act of Congress in the Year 1886, by HUBERT H. BANCROFT, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. All Rights Reserved.
1210579
PREFACE.
ON the whole, the people of the United States have not paid an exorbitant price for the ground upon which to build a nation. Trinkets and trickery in the first instance, followed by some bluster, a little fighting, and a little money, and we have a very fair patch of earth, with a good title, in which there is plenty of equity, humanity, sacred rights, and star-spangled banner. What we did not steal ourselves we bought from those who did, and bought it cheap.
Therein we did well, have that much more to be proud of, and to confirm us in our own esteem as a great and good nation; therein lies the great merit- the price we paid. Had it been dear, as have been some meagre strips of European soil, over which France, Germany, and the rest have fought for cen- turies, spending millions upon millions of lives and money, all in the line of insensate folly, and for that which they could not keep and were better off with- out-then we would cease boasting and hold our peace. But our neighbors have been weak while we are strong; therefore it is not right for us to pay them much for their lands.
Ignoring, as we do, the birthright of aboriginal races, that have no christianity, steel, or gunpowder, we may say that the title to the Mississippi Valley
(v)
vi
PREFACE.
was settled, and the Oregon Territory adjudged to be ours by divine right. Texas came easily; while one month's interest, at the then current rates, on the gold picked up in the Sierra Foothills during the first five years of American occupation would repay the cost of the Mexican war, and all that was given for California and the adjoining territory.
In the case of Alaska we have one instance where bluster would not win; fighting was not to be thought of; and so we could pay for the stationary icebergs or let them alone. Nor with money easy, was Alaska a bad bargain at two cents an acre. It was indeed cheaper than stealing, now that the savages receive the teachings and diseases of civilization in reservations.
In 1867 there were few who held this opinion, and not one in a hundred, even of those who were best in- formed, believed the territory to be worth the pur- chase money. If better known to-day, its resources are no better appreciated; and there are many who still deny that, apart from fish and fur-bearing ani- mals, the country has any resources.
The area of Alaska is greater than that of the thirteen original states of the Union, its extreme length being more than two thousand miles, and its extreme breadth about fourteen hundred; while its coast-line, including bays and islands, is greater than the circumference of the earth. The island of Una- laska is almost as far west of San Francisco as San Francisco is west of the capital of the United States; while the distance from the former city to Fort St Michael, the most northerly point in America inhabited by the white man, is greater than to the city of Panamá.
vii
PREFACE.
With the limits of the continent at its extreme north-west, the limit of the history of western North America is reached. But it may be asked, what a land is this of which to write a history? Bleak, swampy, fog-begirt, and almost untenanted except by savages-can a country without a people furnish ma- terial for a history? Intercourse with the aborigines does not constitute all of history, and few except sav- ages have ever made their abiding-place in the wintry solitudes of Alaska; few vessels save bidarkas have ever threaded her myriad isles; few scientists have studied her geology, or catalogued her fauna and flora; few surveycrs have measured her snow-turbaned hills ; few miners have dug for coal and iron, or prospected her mountains and streams for precious metals. Ex- cept on the islands, and at some of the more accessible points on the mainland, the natives are still unsubdued. Of settlements, there are scarce a dozen worthy the name; of the interior, little is known; and of any cor- rect map, at least four fifths must remain, to-day, absolutely blank, without names or lines except those of latitude and longitude. We may sail along the border, or be drawn by sledge-dogs over the frozen streams, until we arrive at the coldest, farthest west, separated from the rudest, farthest east by a narrow span of ocean, bridged in winter by thick-ribbed ice. What then can be said of this region-this Ultima Thule of the known world, whose northern point is but three or four degrees south of the highest lati- tude yet reached by man?
Such is the general sentiment of Americans con- cerning a territory which not many years ago was purchased from Russia, as before mentioned, at the HIST. ALASKA. 2*
viii
PREFACE.
rate of about two cents an acre, and was considered dear at the price.
To answer these questions is the purpose of the present volume. This America of the Russians has its little century or two of history, as herein we see, and which will ever remain its only possible inchoation, interesting to the story of future life and progress on its borders, as to every nation its infancy should be.
Though it must be admitted that the greater por- tion of Alaska is practically worthless and uninhabit- able, yet my labor has been in vain if I have not made it appear that Alaska lacks not resources but develop- ment. Scandinavia, her old-world counterpart, is pos- sessed of far less natural wealth, and is far less grand in natural configuration. In Alaska we can count more than eleven hundred islands in a single group. We can trace the second longest watercourse in the world. We have large sections of territory where the average yearly temperature is higher than that of Stockholm or Christiania, where it is milder in win- ter, and where the fall of rain and snow is less than in the southern portion of Scandinavia.
It has often been stated that Alaska is incapable of supporting a white population. The truth is, that her resources, though some of them are not yet available, are abundant, and of such a nature that, if properly economized, they will never be seriously impaired. The most habitable portions of Alaska, lying as they do mainly between 55° and 60º N., are in about the same latitude as Scotland and southern Scandinavia. The area of this portion of the territory is greater than that of Scotland and southern Scandinavia combined; and yet it contains to-day but a few hundred, and
ix
PREFACE.
has never contained more than a thousand white inhabitants; while the population of Scotland is about three millions and a half, and that of Norway and Sweden exceeds six millions.
The day is not very far distant when the coal meas- ures and iron deposits of Scotland, and the mines and timber of Scandinavia, will be exhausted; and it is not improbable that even when that day comes the re- sources of Alaska will be but partially opened. The little development that has been made of late years has been accomplished entirely by the enterprise and capital of Americans, aided by a few hundred hired natives. Already with a white population of five hundred, of whom more than four fifths are non-producers, the exports of the territory exceed $3,000,000 a year, or an average of $6,000 per capita. Where else in the world do we find such results ?
It may be stated in answer that the bulk of these exports comes from the fur-seal grounds of the Pry- bilof Islands, which are virtually a stock-farm leased by the government to a commercial company; but the present value of this industry is due mainly to the careful fostering and judicious management of that company; and there are other industries which, if properly directed, promise in time to prove equally profitable. Apart from the seal-islands, and apart from the trade in land-furs that is diverted by the Hudson's Bay Company, the production of wealth for each white person in the territory is greater than in any portion of the United States or of the world. This wealth is derived almost entirely from the land and pelagic peltry, and from the fisheries of Alaska; for at present her mines are little developed, and
X
PREFACE.
her forests almost intact. And yet we are told that the country is without resources!
It may be supposed that for the history of such a country as Alaska, whatever existing information there might be would be quite accessible and easily, obtained.
I have not found it specially so. Here, as elsewhere in my historic fields, there were three classes of mate- rial which might be obtained: first, public and private archives; second, printed books and documents; and third, personal experiences and knowledge taken from the mouths of living witnesses.
Of the class last named there are fewer authorities here than in any other part of my territory north of latitude 32°, though proportionately more than south of that line; and this notwithstanding three distinct journeys to that region by my agent-a man thor- oughly conversant with Alaskan affairs, and a Rus- sian by birth-for the purpose of gathering original and verbal information. All places of historical im- portance were visited by him, and all persons of his- torical note still living there were seen and ques- tioned. Much fresh information was thus obtained; but the result was not as satisfactory as has been the case in some other quarters.
The chief authorities in print for the earlier epochs are in the Russian language, and published for the most part in Russia; covering the later periods, books have been published-at various times in Europe and America, as will be seen by my list of authorities- and have been gathered in the usual way.
The national archives, the most important of all
xi
PREFACE.
sources, are divided, part being in Russia and part in America, though mostly in the Russian language. Some four or five years were occupied by my assist- ants and stenographers in making abstracts of mate- rial in Sitka, San Francisco, and Washington. For valuable cooperation in gaining from the archives of St Petersburg such material as I required, I am spe- cially indebted to my esteemed friend M. Pinart, and to the leading men of letters and certain officials in the Russian capital, from whom I have received every courtesy.
CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME.
-
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
PAGE
Russia's Share in America-Physical Features of Alaska-Configuration and Climate-The Southern Crescent-The Tumbled Mountains- Volcanoes and Islands-Vegetation-California-Japan Current-Arc- tic Seaboard and the Interior-Condition and Character of the Rus- sians in the Sixteenth Century-Serfs, Merchants, and Nobles-The Fur Currency-Foreign Commercial Relations-England in the White and Caspian Seas-Eastern Progress of the Russian Empire- The North-east Passage 1
CHAPTER II.
THE CENTURY-MARCH OF THE COSSACKS. 1578-1724.
Siberia the Russian Canaan-From the Black and Caspian Seas over the Ural Mountains-Stroganof, the Salt-miner-Visit of Yermak- Occupation of the Ob by the Cossacks-Character of the Conquer- ors-Their Ostrog on the Tobol-The Straight Line of March thence to Okhotsk on the Pacific-The Promyshleniki-Lena River Reached -Ten Cossacks against Ten Thousand-Yakutski Ostrog-Explora- tion of the Amoor-Discoveries on the Arctic Seaboard-Ivory ver- sus Skins-The Land of the Chukchi Invaded-Okhotsk Estab- lished-Kamchatka Occupied-Rumors of Realms Beyond. . . .
14
CHAPTER III. THE KAMCHATKA EXPEDITIONS. 1725-1740.
Purposes of Peter the Great-An Expedition Organized-Sets out from St Petersburg-Death of the Tsar-His Efforts Seconded by Cath- erine and Elizabeth-Bering and Chirikof at Kamchatka-They Coast Northward through Bering Strait and Prove Asia to be Sepa- rated from America-Adventures of Shestakof-Expeditions of Hens,
( xiii )
xiv
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Fedorof, and Gvozdef-America Sighted-Organization of the Sec- ond General Expedition-Bibliography-Personnel of the Expedi- tion-Bering, Chirikof, Spanberg, Walton, Croyère, Steller, Müller, Fisher, and Others-Russian Religion-Easy Morality-Model Mis- sionaries-The Long Weary Way across Siberia-Charges against Bering-Arrival of the Expedition at Okhotsk.
35
CHAPTER IV. DISCOVERY OF ALASKA. 1740-1741.
The Day of Departure-Arrival of Imperial Despatches-They Set Sail from Okhotsk-The Sv Petr and the Sv Pavel-Bering's and Chirikof's Respective Commands-Arrival at Kamchatka-Winter- ing at Avatcha Bay-Embarkation-Ill Feeling between Chirikof and Bering-The Final Parting in Mid-ocean-Adventures of Chiri- kof-He Discovers the Mainland of America in Latitude.55° 21'- The Magnificence of his Surroundings-A Boat's Crew Sent Ashore -Another Sent to its Assistance-All Lost !- Heart-sick, Chirikof Hovers about the Place-And is Finally Driven Away by the Wind -He Discovers Unalaska, Adakh, and Attoo-The Presence of Sea- otters Noticed-Sickness-Return to Avatcha Bay-Death of Croyère -Illness of Chirikof.
63
CHAPTER V. DEATH OF BERING. 1741-1742.
Discovery by Rule-The Land not where It ought to be-The Avatcha Council should Know-Bering Encounters the Mainland at Mount St Elias-Claims for the Priority of Discovery of North-westernmost America-Kyak Island-Scarcity of Water-The Return Voyage- Illness of Bering -- Longings for Home-Kadiak-Ukamok-Sickness and Death-Intercourse with the Natives-Waxel's Adventure- Vows of the Dane-Amchitka, Kishka, Semiche, and other Islands Seen-At Bering Island-Wreck of the Sv Petr-Death of Bering -Gathering Sea-otter Skins-The Survivors Build a Small Sv Petr from the Wreck-Return to Kamchatka-Second Voyage of Chirikof. 75
CHAPTER VI.
THE SWARMING OF THE PROMYSHLENIKI. 1743-1762.
Effect of the Discovery in Siberia-Hunting Expeditions in Search of Sea-otters-Voyages of Bassof, Nevodchikof, and Yugof-Rich Har- vests of Sea-otter and Fur-seal Skins from the Aleutian Archipelago
XV
CONTENTS.
PAGE
-The Cunning Promyshleniki and the Mild Islanders-The Old Tale of Wrong and Atrocity-Bloodshed on Attoo Island-Early Monopolies-Chuprof's and Kholodilof's Adventures-Russians De- feated on Unalaska and Amlia-Yugof's Unfortunate Speculation -Further Discovery-The Fate of Golodof-Other Adventures ..... 99
CHAPTER VII.
FURTHER ADVENTURES OF THE PROMYSHLENIKI.
1760-1767.
Tolstykh's Voyage-Movements of Vessels-Stæhlin's Map-Wreck of the Andreian i Natalia-Catherine Speaks-A Company Formed -Collecting Tribute-The Neue Nachrichten-Voyage of the Zak- har i Elizaveta-Terrible Retaliation of the Unalaskans-Voyage of the Sv Troitska-Great Sufferings-Fatal Onslaught-Voyage of Glottof-Ship Nomenclature-Discovery of Kadiak-New Mode of Warfare-The Old Man's Tale-Solovief's Infamies-The Okhotsk Government-More St Peters and St Pauls-Queen Catherine and the Merchant Nikoforof-End of Private Fur-hunting Expeditions .... 127
CHAPTER VIII.
IMPERIAL EFFORTS AND FAILURES.
1764-1779.
Synd's Voyage in Bering Strait-Stahlin's Peculiar Report-The Grand Government Expedition-Promotions and Rewards on the Strength of Prospective Achievements-Catherine is Sure of Divine Favor- Very Secret Instructions-Heavy Cost of the Expedition-The Long Journey to Kamchatka-Dire Misfortunes There-Results of the Effort-Death of the Commander-Journals and Reports-More Mer- cantile Voyages-The Ships Sv Nikolaï, Sv Andreï, Sv Prokop, and Others-The Free and Easy Zaïkof-His Luck
157
CHAPTER IX.
EXPLORATION AND TRADE. 1770-1787.
Political Changes at St Petersburg-Exiles to Siberia-The Long Weary Way to Kamchatka-The Benyovski Conspiracy-The Author Bad Enough, but not So Bad as He would Like to Appear-Exile Regula- tions-Forgery, Treachery, Robbery, and Murder-Escape of the Exiles-Behm Appointed to Succeed Nilof as Commandant of Kam- chatka-Further Hunting Voyages-First Trading Expedition to the Mainland-Potop Zaïkof-Prince William Sound-Ascent of Copper
xvi
CONTENTS.
PAGA
River-Treacherous Chugaches-Plight of the Russians-Home of the Fur-seals-Its Discovery by Gerassim Pribylof-Jealousy of Rival Companies. 175
CHAPTER X.
OFFICIAL EXPLORATIONS. 1773-1779.
Russian Supremacy in the Farthest North-west-The Other European Powers would Know What It Means-Perez Looks at Alaska for Spain-The Santiago at Dixon Entrance-Cuadra Advances to Cross Sound-Cook for England Examines the Coast as Far as Icy Cape-Names Given to Prince William Sound and Cook Inlet-Rev- elations and Mistakes-Ledyard's Journey-Again Spain Sends to the North Arteaga, Who Takes Possession at Latitude 59° 8'-Bay of
La Santísima Cruz-Results Attained.
194
CHAPTER XI.
COLONIZATION AND THE FUR-TRADE. 1783-1787.
First Attempted Settlement of the Russians in America-Voyage of Gri- gor Shelikof-Permanent Establishment of the Russians at Kadiak- Return of Shelikof -- His Instructions to Samoilof, Colonial Command- er-The Historic Sable and Otter-Skins as Currency-Trapping and Tribute-collecting-Method of Conducting the Hunt-Regula- tions of the Peredovchiki-God's Sables and Man's-Review of the Fur-trade on the Coasts of Asia and America-Pernicious System In- troduced by the Promyshleniki-The China Market-Foreign Ri- vals and their Method-Abuse of Natives-Cook's and Vancouver's Opinions of Competition with the Russians-Extirpation of Ani- mals. 222
CHAPTER XII. FOREIGN VISITORS. 1786-1794.
French Interest in the North-west-La Perouse's Examination-Discov- ery of Port des Français-A Disastrous Survey-English Visitors- Meares is Caught in Prince William Sound-Terrible Struggles with the Scurvy-Portlock and Dixon Come to the Rescue-Their Two Years of Trading and Exploring-Ismaïlof and Bocharof Set Forth to Secure the Claims of Russia-A Treacherous Chief-Yakutat Bay Explored-Traces of Foreign Visitors Jealously Suppressed- Spain Resolves to Assert Herself-Martinez and Haro's Tour of In- vestigation-Fidalgo, Marchand, and Caamaño-Vancouver's Expe- dition.
255
xvii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIII.
THE BILLINGS SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION. 1785-1793. PAGE
Flattering Prospects-Costly Outfit-The Usual Years of Preparation --- An Expectant World to be Enlightened-Gathering of the Expedi- tion at Kamchatka-Divers Winterings and Ship-building-Prelim- inary Surveys North and South-At Unalaska and Kadiak-Russian Rewards-Periodic Promotion of Billings-At St Lawrence Island- Billings' Land Journey-Wretched Condition of Russian Hunters- End of the Tribute System-Result of the Expedition-Sarychef's Surveys-Shelikof's Duplicity-Priestly Performance. 282
CHAPTER XIV. ORGANIZATION OF MONOPOLY. 1787-1795.
Shelikof's Grand Conception-Governor-general Jacobi Won to the Scheme-Shelikof's Modest Request-Alaska Laid under Monopoly -Stipulations of the Empress-Humane Orders of Kozlof-Ugrenin -Public Instructions and Secret Injunctions-Delarof's Administra- tion-Shel.kof Induces Baranof to enter the Service of his Com- pany-Career and Traits of the New Manager-Shipwreck of Ba- ranof on Unalaska-Condition of the Colony-Rivalry and Other Troubles-Plans and Recommendations-Engagement with the Kal- jushes-Ship-building-The Englishman Shields-Launch and Trib- ulations of the Phoenix. 305
CHAPTER XV. STRIFE BETWEEN RIVAL COMPANIES. 1791-1794.
The Lebedef Company Occupies Cook Inlet-Quarrels between the Lebe- def and Shelikof Companies-Hostilities in Cook Inlet-Complaints of Kolomin against Konovalof-War upon Russians and Indians Alike-Life of the Marauders-Pacific Attitude of Baranof-His Pa- tience Exhausted-Playing the Autocrat-Arrest of the Ringleaders -Effect on the Natives-Baranof's Speech to his Hunters-Expedi- tion to Yakutat-Meeting with Vancouver-The Lebedef Company Circumvented-Troubles with Kaljushes-Purtof's Resolute Conduct -Zaïkof's Expedition . 334
CHAPTER XVI. COLONIZATION AND MISSIONS. 1794-1796.
Mechanics and Missionaries Arrive at Pavlovsk-Ambitious Schemes of Colonization-Agricultural Settlement Founded on Yakutat Bay- Shipwreck, Famine, and Sickness-Golovnin's Report on the Affairs
xviii
CONTENTS.
PAGE
of the Shelikof Company-Discontent of the Missionaries-Com- plaints of the Archimandrite-Father Makar in Unalaska-Father Juvenal in Kadiak-Divine Service at Three Saints-Juvenal's Voy- age to Ilyamna-His Reception and Missionary Labors-He Attempts to Abolish Polygamy-And Falls a Victim to an Ilyamna Damsel- He is Butchered by the Natives 351
CHAPTER XVII.
THE RUSSIAN AMERICAN COMPANY. 1796-1799.
Threatened Exhaustion of the Seal-fisheries-Special Privileges Given to Siberian Merchants-Shelikof Petitions for a Grant of the Entire North-west-He is Supported by Rezanof-Muilnikof's Enterprise- The United American Company-Its Act of Consolidation Confirmed by Imperial Oukaz-And its Name Changed to the Russian Ameri- can Company-Text of the Oukaz-Obligations of the Company .... 375
CHAPTER XVIII. THE FOUNDING OF SITKA. 1798-1801.
Baranof's Difficulties and Despondency-Sick and Hopeless-Arrival of the Elizaveta-An Expedition Sails for Norfolk Sound-Loss of Canoes-The Party Attacked by Kolosh-Treaty with the Sitkans- Yankee Visitors-A Fort Erected-The Yakutat Bay Settlement- Baranof Desires to be Relieved-His Official Tour of the Colonies- The Chief Manager's Piety-His Complaints of Foreign Encroach- ments-British Aggressiveness. 384
CHAPTER XIX. THE SITKA MASSACRE. 1802.
Rumors of Revolt among the Kolosh-They Attack Fort Sv Mikhaïl- Testimony of Abrossim Plotnikof-And of Ekaterina Lebedef- Sturgis' Equivocal Statement-Captain Barber as a Philanthropist- Khlebnikof's Version of the Massacre-Secret Instructions to Bara- nof-Tidings from Unalaska-Further Promotion of the Chief Man- ager-He Determines to Recapture Sitka-Preparations for the Expe- dition 401
CHAPTER XX. SITKA RECAPTURED. 1803-1805.
The Nadeshda and Neva Sail from Kronstadt-Lisiansky Arrives at Norfolk Sound in the Neva-Baranof Sets Forth from Yakutat -- His Narrow Escape from Shipwreck-He Joins Forces with Lisiansky
CONTENTS.
xix
PAGE
-Fruitless Negotiations-Defeat of the Russians-The Fortress Bom- barded-And Evacuated by the Savages-The Natives Massacre their Children-Lisiansky's Visit to Kadiak-His Description of the Settlements-A Kolosh Embassy-A Dinner Party at Novo Arkhan- gelsk-The Neva's Homeward Voyage-Bibliography. 421
CHAPTER XXI. REZANOF'S VISIT.
1804-1806. .
Voyage of the Nadeshda-A Russian Embassy Dismissed by the Japan- ese-Rezanof at St Paul Island-Wholesale Slaughter of Fur-seals- The Ambassador's Letter to the Emperor-The Envoy Proceeds to Kadiak-And Thence to Novo Arkhangelsk-His Report to the Russian American Company-Further Trouble with the Kolosh- The Ambassador's Instructions to the Chief Manager-Evil Tidings from Kadiak-Rezanof's Voyage to California-His Complaints against Naval Officers-His Opinion of the Missionaries-His Last Journey
443
CHAPTER XXII.
SEVEN MORE YEARS OF ALASKAN ANNALS. 1806-1812.
Ship-building at Novo Arkhangelsk-The Settlement Threatened by Kolosh-A Plot against the Chief Manager's Life-The Conspira- tors Taken by Surprise-Arrival of Golovnin in the Sloop-of-war Diana-His Description of the Settlement-Astor's Vessel, the Enterprise, at Novo Arkhangelsk-Negotiations for Trade-Golov- nin's Account of the Matter-Farnum's Journey from Astoria to St Petersburg-Wreck of the Juno-Sufferings of her Crew .... 461
CHAPTER XXIII.
FOREIGN VENTURES AND THE ROSS COLONY. 1803-1841.
Baranof's Want of Means-O'Cain's Expedition to California-And to Japan-The Mercury at San Diego-Trading Contracts with Ameri- can Skippers-Kuskof on the Coast of New Albion-The Ross Colony Founded-Seal-hunting on the Coast of California-Ship- building-Agriculture-Shipments of Cereals to Novo Arkhangelsk- Horticulture-Stock-raising-Losses Incurred by the Company- Hunting-post Established at the Farallones-Failure of the Enter- prise-Sale of the Colony's Effects
476
XX
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXIV.
FURTHER ATTEMPTS AT FOREIGN COLONIZATION. 1808-1818. PAGE
Hagemeister in the Sandwich Islands-Baranof Again Desires to be Re- lieved-Eliot Sails for California in the Ilmen-His Captivity- Kotzebue in the Rurik in Search of a North-east Passage-His Ex- plorations in Kotzebue Sound-He Proceeds to Unalaska-And thence to California and the Sandwich Islands-King Kamehameha -A Storm in the North Pacific-The Rurik Returns to Unalaska -Her Homeward Voyage-Bennett's Trip to the Sandwich Islands -- Captain Lozaref at Novo Arkhangelsk-His Disputes with the Chief Manager-Sheffer Sails for Hawaii-And thence for Kauai-His Agreement with King Tomari-Jealousy of American and English Traders-Flight of the Russians 490
CHAPTER XXV. CLOSE OF BARANOF'S ADMINISTRATION. 1819-1821.
Hagemeister Sails for Novo Arkhangelsk-He Supersedes Baranof- Transfer of the Company's Effects-The Accounts in Good Order- Sickness of the Ex-manager-Baranof Takes Leave of the Colonies --- His Death-Remarks of Khlebnikof and Others on Baranof-Kora- sokovsky's Expedition to the Kuskokvim-Roquefeuil's Voyage- Massacre of his Hunters-Further Explorations-Dividends and In- crease of Capital-Commerce-Decrease in the Yield of Furs-The 510 Company's Servants
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.