USA > Alaska > History of Alaska : 1730-1885 > Part 2
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CHAPTER XXVI.
SECOND PERIOD OF THE RUSSIAN AMERICAN COMPANY'S OPERATIONS. 1821-1842.
Golovnin's Report on the Colonies-The Company's Charter Renewed --- New Privileges Granted-Mouravief Appointed Governor-Alaska Divided into Districts-Threatened Starvation-Chistiakof Super- sedes Mouravief-Foreign Trade Prohibited-The Anglo-Russian and Russo-American Treaties-More Explorations-Wrangell's Ad- ministration-He is Succeeded by Kuprianof-Disputes with the Hudson's Bay Company-Their Adjustment-Fort Stikeen-Etholen Appointed Governor-A Small-pox Epidemic-Statistical. ...... 530
CHAPTER XXVII.
THE RUSSIAN AMERICAN COMPANY'S LAST TERM. 1842-1866.
The Charter Renewed-Its Provisions-The Affair at Petropavlovsk- Outbreaks among the Natives-The Nulato Massacre-A Second Massacre Threatened at Novo Arkhangelsk - Explorations - The
xxi
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Western Union Telegraph Company-Westdahl's Experience-The Company Requests Another Renewal of its Charter-Negotiations with the Imperial Government-Their Failure-Population-Food Supplies-The Yield of Furs-Whaling-Dividends- Trade - Bib- liographical.
568
CHAPTER XXVIII.
ALASKA AS A UNITED STATES COLONY. 1867-1883.
Motives for the Transfer by the Russian Government-Negotiations Com- menced-Senator Cole's Efforts-The Treaty Signed and Ratified- Reasons for and against the Purchase-The Territory as an Invest- ment-Its Formal Cession-Influx of American Adventurers-Meas- ures in Congress-A Country without Law or Protection-Evil Effect of the Military Occupation-An Émeute at Sitka-Further Troubles with the Natives-Their Cause-Hootchenoo, or Molasses-rum-Rev- enue-Suggestions for a Civil Government-Want of Mail Facilities -Surveys and Explorations
590
CHAPTER XXIX.
COMMERCE, REVENUE, AND FURS. 1868-1884.
Imports and Exports-Cost of Collecting Revenue-The Hudson's Bay Company-Smuggling-The Alaska Commercial Company-It Ob- tains a Lease of the Prybilof Islands-The Terms of the Contract -Remuneration and Treatment of the Natives-Their Mode of Life -Investigation into the Company's Management-Statements of Robert Desty-And of the Secretary of the Treasury-Increase in the Value of Furs-Remarks of H. W. Elliott-Landing of the Fur- seals-Their Combats-Method of Driving and Slaughtering-Cur- ing, Dressing, and Dyeing-Sea-otters-Land Peltry. 630
CHAPTER XXX.
FISHERIES. 1867-1884.
Salmon Packing-Price and Weight of the Raw Fish-Yukon River Salmon-Alaskan Canneries-Domestic Consumption and Waste- The Cod-banks of Alaska-Large Increase in the Catch of Cod-fish and Decrease in its Value-The Halibut-fisheries-Herring and Her- ring-oil-Mackerel-The Eulachon or Candle-fish-Value and Pros- pects of the Alaskan Fisheries-Whaling Enterprise-The North Pacific Whaling Fleet-Gradual Decrease in the Catch-Threatened Exhaustion of the Whaling-grounds.
660
xxii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXI.
SETTLEMENTS, AGRICULTURE, SHIP-BUILDING, AND MINING. 1794-1884. PAGE
Sitka during the Russian Occupation-The Town Half Deserted-Social Life at the Capital-The Sitka Library-Newspapers-Fort Wran- gell-Tongass-Harrisburg-Settlements on Cook Inlet-Kadiak- Wood Island-Spruce Island-Three Saints-Afognak-The Aleutian Islands-Volcanic Eruptions and Earthquakes-Saint Michael-Fort Yukon-Agriculture-Stock-raising-Timber-Ship-building-Coal- mining-Petroleum, Copper, Quicksilver, Lead, and Sulphur-Silver and Gold. 671
CHAPTER XXXII.
CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, AND HOSPITALS. 1795-1884.
The First Churches in Russian America-A Diocese Established-Veni- aminof-The Sitka Cathedral-Conversion of the Indians-The Clergy Held in Contempt-Protestant Missions-Schools-The Sitka Semi- nary-The General Colonial Institute-Meteorological-Diseases- Hospitals-The Company's Pensioners-Creoles-Bibliographical .... 699
CHAPTER XXXIII.
ALASKA AS A CIVIL AND JUDICIAL DISTRICT. 1883-1885.
The Organic Act-A Phantom of Civil Government-Proposed Indian Reservations-Educational Matters-Appointment of United States Officials-Report of Governor Kinkead-His Successor Appointed- Schwatka's Voyage on a Raft-Everette's Exploration-Stoney's Expedition-Mining on the Yukon and its Tributaries-The Takoo Mines-The Treadwell Lode-Fisheries-Commerce and Navigation 717
AUTHORITIES QUOTED
IN
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xxiv
AUTHORITIES QUOTED.
Archivo de California. MS. 273 vols., and a great mass of loose papers.
Documents preserved in the U. S. Surveyor-general's office at San Fran- cisco. Copies in my Collection. Divided as follows: Prov. St. Pap .; Prov. Rec .; Dept. St. Pap .; Dept. Rec.
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XXV
AUTHORITIES QUOTED.
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xxvi
AUTHORITIES QUOTED.
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Chistiakof (Peter Y.), Puteshestvie korabla R. A. Kompaniy Elena. [Voyage of the Russian American Company's ship Elena 1824-6.] In Zapiski Hydr. viii.
Choris (Louis), Voyage Pittoresque autour du Monde. Paris, 1822. folio. Clavigero (Francisco Saverio), Storia della California. Venezia, 1789. 2 vols.
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Coleccion de Documentos Inéditos para la Historia de España. Madrid, 1842-80. 71 vols. [S. F. Law Library.]
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Wash., 1870; Fur-seal Fish-
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Congressional Globe. Washington, 1836 et seq. 4to.
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xxvii
AUTHORITIES QUOTED.
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Elliot (George H.), The Presidio of San Francisco. In Overland, iv. 336. Elliott (Henry Wood), The History and Present Condition of the Fishery Industries. Wash., 1881; Report upon condition of affairs in Alaska [44th Cong., Ist Sess., H. Ex. Doc. 33.] Wash., 1875; Ten Years acquaintance with Alaska. In Harper's Monthly, 1877.
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xxviii
AUTHORITIES QUOTED.
Erman (A.), Archiv für wissenchaftliche Kunde von Russland. Berlin, 1848. Etholin, Extracts from letters to the Board of Managers of the Russian American Company, concerning Ross Colony. 1841. MS.
Eurcka (Cal.) Northern Independent, West Coast Signal.
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Extracts from Accounts of Russian American Company concerning Ross. Settlement in 1847 and 1850. MS.
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Finlayson (Roderick), Vancouver Island and the Northwest Coast. MS.
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Galaxy (The). New York, 1866 et seq.
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xxix
AUTHORITIES QUOTED.
Hartford (Conn.), Courant.
Harvey (Mrs. Daniel), Life of John McLoughlin. MS.
Haswell (Robert), Voyage of the Columbia Rediviva, 1787, 1791-2. MS. Hazlitt (Wm. Carew), British Columbia and Vancouver's Island. 1858.
London,
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Heceta (Bruno), Diario del Viage de 1775. MS.
Heceta (Bruno), Espedicion Marítima. In Palou, Not., ii. 229.
Heceta (Bruno), Segunda Exploracion, 1775, MS.
Heceta (Bruno), Viage de 1775. MS.
Hines (Gustavus), Oregon: Its History, Condition, etc. Buffalo. 1851. Historical Magazine and Notes and Queries. Boston, etc., 1857-69. 15 vols. Hittell (John S.), The Commerce and Industries of the Pacific Coast. San Francisco, 1882. 4to.
Hodgedon (D. B.), Report of Ascent of Makushin Mountain. [40th Cong., 2d Sess., H. Ex. Doc. 177.] Washington, 1869.
Holmberg (H. J.), Ethnographisclie Skizzen über die Völker des Russischen Amerika. Helsingfors, 1855.
Honolulu, Friend, 1843 et seq .; Polynesian, 1857 et seq .; Sandwich Island Gazette, 1836 et seq .; Sandwich Island News, 1846 et seq.
Honcharenko (Agapius), Address to the People of Alaska. In Alaska Her- ald 1868; Commercial Correspondence to Oppenheim & Co. of London from Oct. 1868 to Jan. 1873; Scrap Book, see Alaska.
Hooper (W. H.), Ten Months among the Tents of the Tuski. London, 1853. Howard (O. O.), Report of Tour in Alaska, June 1875. [44th Cong. Ist Sess., Sen. Doc. 12.] Washington, 1876.
Hudson's Bay Company, Report from special committee. London, 1857.
Humboldt (Alex. de), Essai Politique sur le Royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne. Paris, 1811. folio. 2 vols. and atlas.
Hunt's Merchant's Magazine. New York, 1839 et seq.
Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine. San Francisco, 1857-61. 5 vols.
Imperial Naval Archives. St Petersburg, 1704 et seq.
Imray (James F.), Sailing Directions for the West Coast of North America. London, 1868.
Intercolonial Correspondence of Sitka. Office of Russian American Com- pany, in Sitka Archives. MS. vols. i .- xxiii.
International Review. New York, 1881 et seq.
Irving (Washington), Astoria. New York, 1860.
Islenief, Nouvelle carte des découvertes faites par des vaisseaux Russiens. Moscow, 1773.
Ismaïlof (Stepan), Zhurnal. [Journal.] MS. In Library of Department of State. Washington, D. C.
Ivashintsof (N.), Russkia krugosvetnuia puteshestvie. [Russian Voyages round the World.] In Zapiski Hydr., vii. viii.
Jackson (Sheldon), Alaska, and Missions on North Pacific Coast. New York, 1880; Alaska and its inhabitants. In American Antiq., ii. Oct., Dec. 1879. 105; Education in Alaska [47th Cong. Ist Sess., Sen. Ex. Doc. 30]. Washington, 1881.
Jacksonville (Or.), Reveille, Sentinel.
Jenkins (John S.), U. S. Exploring Expeditions. Auburn, 1850.
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