USA > Arkansas > A pictorial history of Arkansas, from earliest times to the year 1890. A full and complete account, embracing the Indian tribes occupying the country; the early French and Spanish explorers and governors; the colonial period; the Louisiana purchase; the periods of the territory, the state, the civil war, and the subsequent period. Also, an extended history of each county in the order of formation, and of the principal cities and towns; together with biographical notices of distinguished and prominent citizens > Part 1
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90
Gc 976.7 H37p 1169812
N
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01711 6051
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/pictorialhistory00hemp_0
一
STATE HOUSE, LITTLE ROCK.
-
.....
........
....
----
-
...........
.........
......
. ..
......
..........
......
.............
........
-
A PICTORIAL HISTORY OF- -
ARKANSAS
FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO THE YEAR 1890.
A FULL AND COMPLETE ACCOUNT,
EMBRACING THE INDIAN TRIBES OCCUPYING THE COUNTRY; THE EARLY FRENCH AND SPANISH EXPLORERS AND GOVERNORS; THE COLONIAL PERIOD; THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE; THE PERIODS OF THE TERRITORY, THE STATE, THE CIVIL WAR, AND THE SUBSEQUENT PERIOD.
-ALSO,-
AN EXTENDED HISTORY OF EACH COUNTY IN THE ORDER OF FORMATION, AND OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES AND TOWNS; TOGETHER WITH BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF DISTINGUISHED AND PROM- INENT CITIZENS.
SUPERBLY ILLUSTRATED WITH RARE AND VALUABLE MAPS; A FULL COLLEC- TION OF PORTRAITS OF GOVERNORS AND OTHER DISTINGUISHED MEN; AND WITH NUMEROUS SKETCHES, DRAWINGS, VIEWS AND SCENES.
BY
FAY HEMPSTEAD
ST. LOUIS and NEW YORK: N. D. THOMPSON PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1890.
COPYRIGHTED 1890 BY N. D. THOMPSON PUBLISHING CO.
AUTHOR'S PREFACE.
1169812
B Y way of preface I shall have only this to say, that my idea of a History of a STATE is that it is sui generis-a thing peculiar to itself. It affords no field for literary attractive- ness, or individual style. It requires the statement of facts and incidents only, and in a plain and definite way. An historian must of necessity be a chronicler and an annalist, but the nature of his engagement debars him from being either an essayist or a moralizer. He must state the facts fairly, fully and sufficiently, giving to each circumstance its full weight and importance ; "nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice ;" but he is not permitted to go outside of this line to indulge in theories, or to follow suppositions. A History of a particular matter is often made merely a disqui- sition upon that subject, but a History of a State requires the recital of incidents, connected intimately or remotely with the line of her career and inhabitants, and nothing more. For this reason I have not sought to make my work attractive by any attempt at literary display, or to afford entertainment by means of style. I have aimed to make it more like the RECORD of the State's life-to make it what I hope it may be accepted as : a vast COMPENDIUM OF FACTS connected with her career. To what extent I may have succeeded therein must be left to the judgment of the public. I always had it in mind, that when I came to write the preface to the work I
-
PREFACE.
would make an individual acknowledgment of thanks to those persons who have kindly assisted me by furnishing informa- tion, but now that I have arrived at the time and the place, I find it impracticable to do so. The body of the work alone has grown so large as to require persistent pruning to get it into limits practicable for publication. At the risk, therefore, of appearing ungrateful for favors shown, I am obliged to content myself with merely a general acknowledgment, which I now make. To all who know themselves to have assisted, I beg to make the assurance that their kind aid is remembered with gratitude. Wherever extended it served to render lighter the burden of times that taxed alike my patience and my utmost industry.
FAY HEMPSTEAD.
LITTLE ROCK, ARK., 1890.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PERIOD I. THE COLONIAL PERIOD, FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO 1803.
CHAPTER I.
TO THE YEAR 1543.
PAGE.
Acquisition .- Aboriginal Tribes .- De Soto's Wanderings. 17
CHAPTER II. 1543 TO 1700.
Explorations of Marquette .- Hennepin .- LaSalle .- De Tonti, and Iberville. 48
CHAPTER III.
1700 TO 1800.
Colonization .- The Company of the West .- John Law's Grant .- LaHarpe's Journey .- Forts .- Bienville and the Natchez War .- French Governors .- Cession to Spain .- Spanish Governors .- Grants of Land .- Settlement of the Upper Part of the Province .- Retro-cession to France . 82
CHAPTER IV. 1800 то 1804.
The Louisiana Purchase .. 108
PERIOD II. THE ANTE-TERRITORIAL PERIOD, FROM 1804 TO 1819.
CHAPTER V.
FROM 1804 TO 1819.
Louisiana Territory .- Indian Treaties .- Formation of Arkansas Territory ... 133
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE.
PERIOD III. THE TERRITORIAL PERIOD, FROM 1819 TO 1836. CHAPTER VI.
FROM 1819 TO 1825.
Arkansas Territory .- The Administration of Governor James Miller .- First Legislature .- First Newspaper .- Courts .- Seat of Government Moved .. 169
CHAPTER VII. 1825 TO 1829.
Administration of Governor George Izard. - Ambrose H. Sevier. - First Steamboat. 205
CHAPTER VIII. 1829 TO 1831.
The Administration of Governor John Pope .- Progress of the Territory .... 221
CHAPTER IX. 1831 TO 1834.
Emigrating Indians .- Territorial Affairs .- State House. 236
CHAPTER X.
1834 TO 1836.
Administration of Governor William S. Fulton .- Arkansas Admitted into . . 247 the Union
PERIOD IV.
THE ANTE-BELLUM PERIOD, FROM 1836 TO 1861.
CHAPTER XI.
1836 TO 1840.
Arkansas a State .- James S. Conway, First Governor .- The Real Estate and State Banks, etc., etc. 261
CHAPTER XII.
1840 TO 1846.
Administrations of Governors Archibald Yell, Samuel Adams, and Thomas
S. Drew 287
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIII. 1846 To 1848.
PAGE.
The Mexican War
299
CHAPTER XIV. 1848 TO 1852.
The Administrations of Governors Thomas S. Drew, Richard C. Byrd, and John Selden Roane 313
CHAPTER XV. 1852 TO 1860.
Administration of Governor Elias N. Conway-Two Terms .- Internal Im- provements.
323
PERIOD V.
THE PERIOD OF THE CIVIL WAR, FROM 1861 TO 1865.
CHAPTER XVI. 1861.
Administration of Governor Henry M. Rector .- The Ordinance of Secession. 349
CHAPTER XVII. 1861.
Preparations for War .- Organization of Troops .... .. 360
CHAPTER XVIII.
1861.
Organization of Troops .- History of Regiments, Continued. ... 399
CHAPTER XIX.
1861.
Equipment .- Southern Women .- War Songs .- Conflict begun .. ..... 434
CHAPTER XX. 1862.
General Situation .- Losses in Kentucky .- Fall of Memphis .- Elk Horn .- Shiloh .- Emancipation Proclamation 450
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE.
CHAPTER XXI. 1862.
Progress of the War .- Formation of Trans-Mississippi Department .- Harris Flanagin, Governor .- Hardships in Domestic Life. 480
CHAPTER XXII. 1863.
Progress of the War, Continued .- Gettysburg .- Vicksburg .- Helena and Port Hudson. ..... 510
CHAPTER XXIII.
1863.
Progress of the War, Continued .- Battles of Chickamauga .- Missionary Ridge, and Ringgold Gap .. 526
CHAPTER XXIV.
1864.
Progress of the War, Continued .- Battles of Atlanta and Franklin. 551
0
CHAPTER XXV. 1864-1865.
Re-establishment of a State Government .- Isaac Murphy, Governor .- End
.. 577 of the War
PERIOD VI.
THE PERIOD SINCE THE WAR, FROM 1865 TO 1890.
CHAPTER XXVI. 1865 TO 1868. Administration of Governor Isaac Murphy. .....
.. 595
CHAPTER XXVII. 1868 TO 1873.
Administrations of Governors Powell Clayton, and O. A. Hadley
606
CHAPTER XXVIII.
JANUARY, 1873, TO NOVEMBER, 1874.
Administration of Governor Elisha Baxter 625
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
ix
PAGE.
CHAPTER XXIX.
NOVEMBER, 1874, TO JANUARY, 1881.
Administration of Governors A. H. Garland, and William R. Miller . . ... 648
CHAPTER XXX.
1881 TO 1885.
Administration of Governors Thomas J. Churchill, and James H. Berry .. 666
CHAPTER XXXI. 1885 TO 1889.
Administration of Governor Simon P. Hughes .- Two Terms ....... 682
CHAPTER XXXII.
1889-1890.
In the Administration of Governor James P. Eagle.
691
CHAPTER XXXIII.
History of Little Rock.
.. 699
CHAPTER XXXIV.
Biographical Notices of Citizens of Little Rock.
763
COUNTY HISTORIES.
Arkansas
823
Lawrence
833
Pulaski.
839
Clark.
848
Hempstead
859
Miller
875
Phillips
882
Crawford.
892
Independence.
901
Chicot.
912
Conway.
918
Crittenden.
921
Izard.
924
Lovely
928
St. Francis
929
Lafayette
932
Sevier
935
Washington
93S
Pope.
946
X
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE. 949
Union
Hot Spring
953
Monroe.
956 Jefferson
963
Jackson
982
Mississippi
991
Carroll
995
Pike.
998
Greene
1000
Scott
1004
Van Buren
1006
Johnson
.1008
White
1011
Randolph
1019
Saline
1025
Marion
1029
Madison.
1031
Benton.
1035
Franklin
1039
Poinsett
1041
Desha.
1044
Searcy
1049
Yell.
1051
Bradley
1056
Perry.
1059
Ouachita
1061
Montgomery
1071
Newton
1073
Fulton
1075
Polk
1077
Dallas.
1079
Prairie
1082
Drew.
1089
Ashley
1092
Calhoun
1095
Sebastian.
.1097
Columbia
.1109
Craighead
1112
Cross.
1116
Little River
1121
Sharp
1123
Grant
1125
Boone
1128
Nevada.
1130
Logan.
1135
Lincoln
1140
Clay .
1142
Baxter
1144
Garland
1146
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE.
Faulkner
1164
Lonoke.
1166
Cleveland
. 1171
Lee
Howard
1173
1176
Stone
1180
Cleburne
1182
APPENDICES.
A .- LIST OF GOVERNORS
PAGE.
1185
B .- EXECUTIVE, JUDICIAL AND LEGISLATIVE OFFICERS.
No. 1 .- Secretaries 1187
No. 2 .- Auditors 1187
No. 3 .- Treasurers. 1188
No. 4 .- Attorneys-General
1188
No. 5 .- Solicitors-General. 1189
No. 6 .- Commissioners of Immigration and State Lands
1189
No. 7 .- Superintendents of Public Instruction.
1189
No. 8 .- Officers of Supreme Court
1189
No. 9 .- Chancellors
1190
No. 10 .- Judges and Prosecuting Attorneys.
1191
101 .- Territorial.
1191
102 .- State
1192
103 .- Pulaski Criminal Court
1096
No. 11 .- Legislators.
1097
C .- SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS
1231
D .- OFFICERS OF THE FEDERAL COURTS IN ARKANSAS.
1233
E .- POPULATION AT VARIOUS DATES 1235
Page.
STATE-HOUSE, LITTLE ROCK Frontispiece MAP, CASTE DE LA LOUISIANNA. 16
MAP, SUPPOSED ROUTE OF DE SOTO 47
FAC SIMILE AUTOGRAPH MAP, MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 50
BIENVILLE
83
MAP, LOUISIANA PURCHASE 122
WILLIAM C. C. CLAIBORNE 125
GEN. JAMES WILKINSON 135
MAP, ARKANSAS RIVER 138 MAP, INDIAN PURCHASES 143
EDWARD HEMPSTEAD
154
ANDREW SCOTT
161
JAMES MILLER. 163
WILLIAM E. WOODRUFF 171
BENJAMIN JOHNSON.
191
AMBROSE H. SEVIER
216
ROBERT CRITTENDEN
251
JAMES S. CONWAY 262
SEAL OF ARKANSAS TERRITORY. 264
SEAL OF THE STATE OF ARKANSAS. 264
288
ARCHIBALD YELL
SAMUEL ADAMS 294
296
LUKE E. BARBER.
298
THOMAS S. DREW.
JOHN SELDEN ROANE 319
ELIAS NELSON CONWAY 324
ARKANSAS SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND 337
V
vì
ILLUSTRATIONS.
HENRY M. RECTOR
Page. 342
GEN. PATRICK R. CLEBURNE 367
GEN. THOMAS C. HINDMAN 483
HARRIS FLANAGIN 505 GEN. STERLING PRICE 527 GEN. FREDERICK STEELE 530 FIRST GUN AT CHICKAMAUGA.
534
CLEBURNE'S DEFENSE OF RINGGOLD GAP. 539
BATTLE OF RESACA, GA 554
BATTLE OF KENNESAW MOUNTAIN 560 POWELL CLAYTON 607
O. A. HADLEY 618 ELISHA BAXTER 626
AUGUSTUS H. GARLAND 649
WILLIAM R. MILLER 657
THOMAS J. CHURCHILL 667
INSANE ASYLUM, LITTLE ROCK 669
J. H. BERRY. 675
ELBERT H. ENGLISH 678
SIMON P. HUGHES. 683
JAMES P. EAGLE 692 UNION DEPOT, LITTLE ROCK. 700
LINCOLN AVENUE, LITTLE ROCK. 705
MARKHAM STREET, LITTLE ROCK 708
PARK U. S. BARRACKS, LITTLE ROCK 710
ALLIS BLOCK, LITTLE ROCK. 712
CAPITAL HOTEL, LITTLE ROCK. 714
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, STATE UNIVERSITY 715
DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTE. 719 CAPITAL THEATER, LITTLE ROCK 721
CONVENT, SISTERS OF MERCY 725
COLORED BAPTIST CHURCH, LITTLE ROCK 728 CUSTOM HOUSE, LITTLE ROCK. 730 BOARD OF TRADE, LITTLE ROCK. 732
SPECIMENS OF RESIDENCE ARCHITECTURE, LITTLE ROCK. 734
CAPITAL HILL COLORED SCHOOL, LITTLE ROCK. 735 SCOTT STREET SCHOOL, LITTLE ROCK. 737 FORT STEELE SCHOOL. 738
LITTLE ROCK UNIVERSITY. 740
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, LITTLE ROCK 742
CHRISTIAN CHURCH. LITTLE ROCK. 743
1
ILLUSTRATIONS.
vii
Page. SECOND BAPTIST AND METHODIST CHURCHES, LITTLE ROCK .. 746 FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, LITTLE ROCK. 750
CATHOLIC CHURCH, LITTLE ROCK. 752
EPISCOPAL CHURCH, LITTLE ROCK. 754
GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH, LITTLE ROCK 756
CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 759
BETHEL COLORED CHURCH. 760
MAIN STREET LOOKING SOUTH, LITTLE ROCK. 762 -
ALBERT PIKE. 778
SAMUEL H. HEMPSTEAD. 782
CATHOLIC CHURCH, IMBODEN 834
PULASKI COUNTY COURT-HOUSE 843
ONE THOUSAND ACRE COTTON FIELD 845
FANCY STOCK FARM 847 COURT HOUSE, ARKADELPHIA 849
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, ARKADELPHIA 853
M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH, ARKADELPHIA 854
BAPTIST CHURCH, ARKADELPHIA 856
OUACHITA COLLEGE, ARKADELPHIA 858
GRANDISON D. ROYSTON 868
GATE CITY LUMBER COMPANY. 878
SISTERS OF ST. AGNES CONVENT. 880
BRYN MAWR S97
ARLINGTON HOTEL 899
INDEPENDENCE COURT-HOUSE 903
M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH, BATESVILLE 904
ARKANSAS MALE AND FEMALE COLLEGE 906
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, BATESVILLE 907
RIVER VIEW, BATESVILLE 909
EPISCOPAL CHURCH, BATESVILLE 911
LIME KILN NEAR BATESVILLE 915
ARKANSAS INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY
945
SCHOOL HOUSE, BRINKLEY
961
STBEET SCENE, PINE BLUFF
965
HOTEL TRULOCK, PINE BLUFF 967
SECOND WARD PUBLIC SCHOOL, PINE BLUFF 969
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, PINE BLUFF 970
JEFFERSON COUNTY COURT-HOUSE 971
CITY HIGH SCHOOL, PINE BLUFF 972
CATHOLIC CHURCH, PINE BLUFF 973
SYNAGOGUE, PINE BLUFF 975
viii
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page.
BAPTIST CHURCH, PINE BLUFF 977
EPISCOPAL CHURCH, PINE BLUFF 97S
BRANCH STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 980
COURT-HOUSE, JACKSONPORT 983
M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH, NEWPORT 985 EPISCOPAL CHURCH, NEWPORT 986
WALNUT STREET PUBLIC SCHOOL. 9SS
IMMENSE HARDWOOD LUMBER YARD
900
NEWPORT LUMBER COMPANY.
994
WHITE COUNTY COURT-HOUSE
1014
GALLOWAY FEMALE COLLEGE 1015
CONVENT MARIA STEIN 1021
RANDOLPH COUNTY COURT-HOUSE 1022
CATHOLIC CHURCH, POCAHONTAS. 1023
GOV. ISAAC MURPHY. .1034
STREET SCENE, FORT SMITH 1100
CATHOLIC CHURCH, JONESBORO.
1114
NEVADA COUNTY COURT-HOUSE, PRESCOTT 1131
HIGH SCHOOL, PRESCOTT. 1133
CENTRAL AVENUE, HOT SPRINGS 1149
U. S. ARMY AND NAVAL HOSPITAL. 1153
CLUSTER OF BATH-HOUSES, HOT SPRINGS 1155
VIEW FROM HOT SPRINGS MOUNTAIN 1159
CLUSTER OF RESIDENCES, HOT SPRINGS. 1162
VINEYARD NEAR NASHVILLE 1174
PUBLIC SCHOOL, NASHVILLE 1175
PERIOD I. FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO 1803.
1
CARTE DE LA LOUISIANE Prefsee sur un grand nombre de Memoires entrau tres sur
Vers ce lau au rapport des Iraluns Les
Jfcrheton
1
Ouidaugu nation
Mechameton
Chyhetychatory IO
avec des Nations Situées vers le
Tintons errans
SIOUX DE L'OUEST
. Vordivert dou ils apportent
les Trancous nont remonte le Mytours
Source du Moinyena
ming de chars
Eyout: Aspriment-
que jus Fury
cre ou Muu Sola
Le . Hornyonu B
Vert de
montagne
cara
Catre
Juduez
Maha
Village des Alsoucz
Chemin &
Padouch
prarus
ole Mijsouri ou R de
ou Paruts .
1 Villages
ncia Tetons
grandes prarui
43 anktuns
Padoucas
les Pants 10 12 Villages
L Puntas
Les Cansez
Padcucas
Les Canfez
:
les Quichaatcha ou Courles jambes
Grandi Ris das tanfor
DESC
Palaucas
Padousas
40
APACHES
Tout ce Canton ejt plan de jot
les Grinarches
Les
Yaos
Pueblo de
ET DES
Pays plan
Pecuries fondeide puis peu
de Mu
Villa (nueva de
S Maria de Çocudo joridee en 17
L
A
L
N
OUVEAU
Chrakanyou
A les Tumos
Ouatchitas
Hubates
ces 2 nations. Sant Pauloucus.
4.4 Quipana
Nabiti
Crochets
& Quanalınan
S Domange
Ka
M
EXIQUE
Les Murytous
S' Phelipe
les Chfacakanlı .
Tanico
d' Albuquerque
Caligoo
fondre en 170
Kanoulunan
35
"de Vernabulitto
Rouge
Queunes
Ionhouannes
İquan
LES
DLE S
Barrancas
KANOATINOS
CADODAQUUOS
Ľahb wa
Natchitoches
Nafsones
Najahafsız
Tónicas
Cadado guros
Route
Yacanne
Lacs de SU yatachez
Cour
erzuns
Nusachez
Метокал
erruns
Venduque
Les Teaux erruns
2 vrste
Rou aochedaches
Aldau
Riv Pouge
Vines de Plomb
Mixsunde
par les Chicachas
los Teyas
de Bienville
tablar en 1716
Mocoje successeur
de Solo un 1512
42 Dulage
en
Village des reao errens
de
tent
30
errans
lumuns cu
Nererre
Tid csu.
Mes
des i spagnolo
Ebahamo
Quelamoue hes
Cap
.Vyames A &
Tort Franches lahlissime VI de val/ Salle
Finamares &
Leni , 16:15
Bave LES Louis ou S Bernard Pointe aux Serpins
Blanche
GOLI
27.5
280
Rivas Quatchiles
Roule
Chemtn
Apaches de los Sute Ries
Ru de San Marte
R Buti
de M'y
LES
CENTS. J. M.Can
.Sinais
1
Zonas
Vadacce delrud
Natchitoches
-Mexique
Icy fully tu M' Salle en 1687
R
a Passe
R
Realtri
nosour
er rans
Antropol
J'airabuures ennemis
Presidio del Norte ou de 3 Jun Bupl
errans
de la Trin
et
onokolse
ens
tubby'sen' Francas Faul en Ight par . "
ya ,de Albuquerque.
Riv des vents
Utamque
A Purchouhahas
Rouge ou Sabloner .
Paniafsa Village
PADOUCAS
Parafsu.
Can
les
Ri du Arkansas ou Tonti
Les Mij souris
R.L
PAYS DES OSAGES
RE des Marges
des Moines os
Riv des Punts
PA
Les Uciolula $
les Padoucas Low Villayes
prarus
Isbe teten
Menof tamenton
Saut
Lu fer juune cest unft
le . Visouri 2
les Maha Nution .. errante
les
Cuidache haton
.4.5
& Cerenime
NOTE .- The manuscript from which the above Map was prepared, was found in the nec said to bear date the year 1700 .* If so, it is evident that after the original preparation ore above contains items of as late a date as 1717. Also is to be noted the fact that while oder be found in the lower right hand corner, to-wit: "DeSoto landed 31 May, 1539." Thiadie creation and at a time subsequent to its original preparation .- AUTHOR.
(*) Edmund J. Forstall, in French's Historical Collections of Toniciano want TT
-
Hio Salade de
Ru Hendis.
heuinans
her
4 Joway
les Panımaha
40 Villages des Pants
Espagnols passent a qué sur leurs chevaux le Mysours allans traiter
. COURS DU MISSISSIPI l' le Maire Par Guillaume De l'Ile de l'Academie Rue des Sciences.
les
. Varu
Michel
Algonkins
Chippewas
LARLAC
SUPERIEUR
Visjinalque
les . trustrue
.
Myslunakinas
Las aus Odoquais
₱
Manitoualing
7.5
Luz des Vues Diserts
Ifles des
au Tonerre
LES RENARDS.
Les Sauks
B. Marquet®
Bayı de Saguının
Ouistensin
PARTIE
SDU
ACANADAR
NOUV.FRAN
E
VISSLOTE
Mykouskumina
S François
o mine de Plomb
Xavier
Winnebagoes
Luc Ganatilus ve
Nation
Oitawas
Postoquees Huruns &
del
des Mafcuutens ou Nation du Feu
Chicagou
Cercocar
Christal de roche
1 4
us Quiapou
Les Poutouatamis
A .Miamis
Portage
ontagnes
*
Portage
Les
San dou ske
Natson du Chat
LINO IS
Richor
Pimitous
F.Louis
les Miamis
₹
à des Pamitous ou Peoria
Www . thames
40
Pols afteurs
les Chateaur rines
Prankchas
44
Timarois et Caouguias
Tes Tongoria
Res des aucuns Chansonins ainsi nemmer
39
Cuskagura:
PiChartres
Desert de sex vent luites ditendue ou les flinois font la Chasse desboruj's
gra Vdlages
des Cheraqui
38
AChauanons
I
S
I
A
N
E
Awuache &
31
· Sonde
rase
Prenumer Rapide
Chouxla
Kutatha
Sour
de la Mobile"
laus Riches
CARO
36
Fort ou Corns
Proudhome
Route de Soto 2510
Cheraqui
FLINE
AChisca
De Solo 2541
Cheraque
les Conchatez
haiaupa
B
zur's
les Chattes ba Teles Plas
lest Takeque
de
ma
Na Ialise
Chaotta
Ibiloypa
les
44 4
Conchaques nemmen par
Culy'act
35
. Albano 4!
Les Espauncles
Casuslas 4
Checache Nas
Chaquanens
Dafous .
Thataoude
Ocute *
Barluy
& MMuskhagus
33
.4
Ocute
Les I Latamnous & George!
ax dcorces Goujre
les Alibamous
Talaboucht Aması
.
Veque
4
Authmus as
Conchute:
4
antun Art
32
des Français
Tona :
Mabuuns a
Brunata
ouma Pascagoula
Apaļacines
erfdns
colecciones
Forl **
31.
Lar
Baut
it's par
.
·Aute
latanata
S Avgs
Vaisseaux
l'ale
craand
ort I des Chandeleur
1540
zadas
A Habit des Induns
Paracosi
Embouchure du
& Nations defargues
Mil sifsipi
ou Riveeste S Zona
( + Nations derait
Lup Anchois
x may làto
1 (Cap) ( winteral)
200
24,5
par ceque les Chacuanons y habelouent autre, sus
Vin
les Cheraqus
Tongoria
Ao mota
GINIE
Second Rapide
Talecouch
Trues
casparambaux
Chiraque
.
& & yes Chicachas
R Sante
R des Chaouanons
des Caculas
Apalaches AR Tucatocerou
Chacta's
afeuluísa
Apalachville
Chala Uchee
A Uchees
Let's Cupanas
2
P
Maur vu
P
4.
les
les Cavuilas vu Creeks
Route de Sito en 1516
Aulicyes
1590
spagnole
Japo
C'heraus&
Vuu Fort
Vun F de Bilocet
Louis g
st. Haru d Apatuche detrust ul
Aquele
Jaurepus 1.JULI.v
Baue
yusefset
Horr
la -Mobile
HE Isles Funx Chiens
cela
chanusuchas
Sicension
D. U
MEXIQUE espiritu Sandı Bare
De Soto landed
34 A Eries
de
Maropin
Huakikı R
des Ilenas,
datruck !
Portlage
Chu ou là Belle
Rev
mund de
et longue
Sullui
Mian
Masysegue &
Pouboualanı
Detroll
70 heures
Pointe
"Moyenne LAC ERIE
MICHIGAN
Porta
Illinois
MICHIGANĖ
& Winnebagoes
Que des Pauas
LAC
HundN
Poutsuatamt
Outaou Icq
Nadovessiang
Capuchi yus Tomachees
disper toutes
Reputa del Grvbrnader
de . Vi de Tento diffuse
R Tombeckbe
Abcakas
Reviere des Chattane nummer
cu devant Rw des Apalachicolas
Cap.S Antaine
alnaen Fort
Riv d'Quabache ou de 5 Jerome
Cumberland ou
15
Roule de Sete
- Caquitas
Buy & Joseph
eque du Roi." in Paris, in a Volume of LaHarpe's Journeys of 1718-1722. It is re publication some one has added matter subsequently ascertained, for the Map er parts of the Map are in the French language, one single English phrase is to licate that some one other than the original draughtsman had taken part in its
DU
Ancien Village des Ilensis
R aux Renards
y :
CHAPTER I.
TO THE YEAR 1543.
ACQUISITION .- ABORIGINAL TRIBES .- DE SOTO'S WANDERINGS.
THE territory of which the present State of Arkansas con- sists, was acquired by the United States in 1803, in what is known as the Louisiana purchase, and comprises 52, 198 square miles, or about 33,406,720 acres of land, according to the usual statements ; but in point of fact the area and acreage of the State is constantly changing with the changes in the chan- nel of the Mississippi river, gaining in some places and losing in others.
From earliest times the country was in possession of the Indians, whom Columbus so named from the supposition that the coast he had touched on was a part of India.
The immediate tribes which occupied the land were the Osages and the Quapaws, with which latter were the Ozarks, both Ozarks and Quapaws being of the Arkansa tribe. The Ozark and Arkansas names have now become extinct, those of the Quapaw and Osages remain. The Osages, who were composed of the Great and Little Osages, oc- cupied the land north of the Arkansas river, and into Mis- souri, to the Missouri river, bounded on the east by the Mississippi river, west an indefinite extent to the Apache country. The Arkansas, or as the name is spelled by Mar- quette, Arkansa Indians had villages at the mouth of the Ar- kansas river, and on the Mississippi south of the Arkansas river, and also one is noted on the earliest maps as being near
2
17
18
HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
and south of the St. Francis river, under the name Kappa. Westward the Quapaw and Arkansas possessions extended to . those of "Les Cadodaquoios," or "Caddo-di-kòis," as the name is given by some, who were the Caddo Indians of North- west Louisiana. The United States Government obtained the land from the Osages and Quapaws by treaties made in 1808 and 1818 with the Osages, and in 1818 and 1824 with the Quapaws. The entire amount owned by the two tribes to- gether amounted to more than eighty-six millions (86,000,000) acres, of which the thirty-three million, four hundred and six thousand, seven hundred and twenty (33,406,720) acres, com- prising the present State of Arkansas, was a part.
The Quapaws were a branch or division of the Arkansa In- dians. Theirs was the name given by the Algonquins to the Ouquapas, a tribe of the Dakota family; and at the time of making their treaties they were all that was left of the Ar- kansa tribe. According to Gravier, a Jesuit missionary in Illi- nois from 1684 to 1708, and who in the year 1700 made a canoe voyage to the mouth of the Mississippi to confer with Iberville, the Arkansas once lived on the banks of the Ohio river, but after a long struggle were driven away by the Illinois and their allies, and were gradually forced down the banks of the Mississippi, and established themselves along that river and on the river named after them. A similar recital was made to an Indian agent by a very old Quapaw chief, as narrated by Nutall, on his journey in Arkansas in 1819, as will be pres- ently shown. They had several villages, named respectively Os-o-to-ne, To-ri-man or Tor-ri-ma, Tong-ging-a or To- ging-a, and Kappa, scattered about the mouth of the Ar- kansas river, and on the banks of the Mississippi, and it is from them that the State takes its name. From Kap-pa (Kāh-pāh), or, as some spell it, Kap-a-ha (Kăh-pāh-hăh), we have the modern name Qua-paw (Quaw-paw).
The name Arkansas is often given as being derived from the word Kansas, said to mean, in the Indian language, "smoky
4
19
TO THE YEAR 1543.
water," with the French prefix "arc," meaning "a bow," hence the name, in this combination, meaning "bow of smoky water," or "smoky bow." This is extremely improbable ; in- deed, bears on the face of it the evidence of its being impossible. The word Kansas is most probably a variation of the word Kanses, the possessive case of the word Kans ; the word Kans, or Kanses, becoming corrupted into Kansas. The Kans tribe . was one inhabiting that country, who were noted on the early French maps as "Les Cansez," the Kans, and whom Lieut. Zebulon Montgomery Pike found in considerable force on his explorations as late as 1806. There is no perceptible affinity between Kans or the possessive case Kanses, and Arkansa, the original form.
And with relation to "arc" being a French prefix, signify- ing "bow," it is to be observed that when Marquette visited them in 1673-the first Frenchman to encounter them-he FOUND the prefix already there in the word A-kan-sa (Ah- kahn-sāh), and therefore it could not have been thereafter added. In the Choctaw language, also, neighbors of theirs, living just across the Mississippi, the name is found pro- nounced Oc-con-săh. The word is an Indian word, and its signification is unknown.
J. F. D. Smythe, an Englishman, who made a journey down the Mississippi river to New Orleans in a flat-boat in 1769, and who in 1784 published an account of his travels, says of them that "the Arkansaws on the Arkansaw river, emptying into the Mississippi river in the west, number 2,000 fighting men." He gives the name of the Arkansas river as the "Sotonis or Arkansas river," and in another place speaks of it as the "Smahana (Smah-hah-nah) or Arkansaw river," spelling it both ways.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.