USA > Arkansas > A pictorial history of Arkansas, from earliest times to the year 1890. A full and complete account, embracing the Indian tribes occupying the country; the early French and Spanish explorers and governors; the colonial period; the Louisiana purchase; the periods of the territory, the state, the civil war, and the subsequent period. Also, an extended history of each county in the order of formation, and of the principal cities and towns; together with biographical notices of distinguished and prominent citizens > Part 81
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The towns of the county are Paris, Boonsville, Magazine, Roseville, National Springs, Chism- ville, Caulksville, Ellsworth, Prairieview, Morrison's Bluff and Dublin.
II36
HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
Paris, the county seat, has a population of about 1,000. It was first settled in 1874, and was incorporated as a town February 8th, 1879. It contains three churches, a good school, steam grist and cotton gin, has telephone communica- tion with other towns of the county ; daily mail; it has two weekly newspapers, the Paris Express and the Paris Ser- pent, Magnor and Anderson, publishers.
Colonel Walter Cauthron, one of the pioneers of Arkansas, and for fifty years a resident of what is now Logan county, from 1827 to 1877, was born in Franklin county, Georgia, March 24th, 1797. When about ten years of age his parents moved to Illinois and settled near Belleville, which was then quite a small place. Soon after they settled in Illinois his father died, and his mother being left with but little means, and the county being thinly settled, his opportunities for receiving education were very limited. He lived there until December, 1820, when he set out on horseback for the Territory of Arkansas. He crossed the Arkansas river, at Little Rock, on the first day of January, 1821. From Little Rock he traveled up the Arkansas river, on the south side, to Fort Smith, and at Perryville he fell in company with, at that time, young Lieutenant Bonneville, who was on his way, with an escort, to Fort Smith, where he had been assigned to duty. There were at this time a few settlements on the south side of the river. There was a small settlement at Per- ryville then, one at Chickalah, which is situated some ten miles west of Dardanelle, now Yell county ; then on Short Mountain creek, near where Paris is now situated, in Logan county, then another small settlement on Big creek, at or near where Oak Bower is now situated, in Sebastian county. After reaching Fort Smith, he again set out alone on horse- back for the Red river country. In going across the wilder- ness, he often traveled for days at a time, seeing no human being, except, perhaps, an Indian hunter. At the time of his journey the grazing was so plentiful, even though it was
II37
LOGAN COUNTY.
winter, that his horse subsisted without difficulty thereon. When night overtook him, he would tie his horse to a stake, prepare his evening repast, spread his blanket underneath a tree and sleep soundly, except when disturbed by the howling of wolves, which were very numerous and troublesome. He went to the point where Fulton now is, and then journeyed down to Shreveport. In the Fall of 1821 he made a journey back to his old home in Illinois on horseback, and returned to the Red river country. On the 18th day of August, 1821, he was married to Miss Bashaba Wilson, on the Texas side of Red river, in what is now Red River county, Texas. Of this marriage there were born nine children, five sons and four daughters, all of whom lived to adult age, and have fam- ilies. Five of them are still living. Charles Cauthron, his oldest son, and who was a Member of the Lower House of the General Assembly of Arkansas from Scott county, in 1850 and 1851, now lives at Fort Worth, Texas. Captain C. W. Cauthron, the next oldest son now living, resides at Greenwood, Sebastian county, Arkansas. Thomas Cauthron, his youngest son, lives in Booneville, Logan county, Arkansas. Mrs. Parthenia Burnes, his oldest daughter now living, lives near Granberry, Hood county, Texas. Lucinda, his youngest child, lives at Greenwood, Sebastian county, Arkansas, and is the wife of Major M. T. Tatum, a leading merchant of that place. After his marriage he settled on the Arkansas side of Red river, near Walnut Prairie, and opened up a small farm, where he lived about two years. In 1824 he sold out, and removed to the Petit Jean Valley, and settled near where Tomlinson is now located, in Scott county. He remained here about three years. He then sold out, and settled near where Booneville is now located, in Logan county. He opened up a farm and a store of general merchandise, and built a cotton gin, which was the first cotton gin, as well as the first store, that was ever established in this part of the country, and he named his place of
72
1
II38
HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
business Booneville. In 1837 he sold out at Booneville, and settled on what is known as Cauthron's Prairie, about eight miles southwest of Booneville, opened a farm, and engaged in farming and stock-raising, where he remained until within about two years of his death. His first wife died January 20th, 1849. On the 21st day of September, 1857, he was married to Mrs. Elmor S. Burton, who was the widow of Robert Burton, and the mother of Major C. C. Burton, who was Clerk of the Courts of Sebastian county, Arkansas, for several consecutive terms before the late war. She died Jan- uary 5th, 1875. After her death Colonel Cauthron broke up keeping house, and spent the remainder of his time, about equally, with his four children living in Arkansas. He died February 9th, 1877, at the residence of his son-in-law, T. G. Scott, near Sugar Grove, Logan county, at the age of 79 years, 10 months, and 16 days. The only public offices he ever held were : Colonel of Militia, to which he was appointed by Governor James S. Conway in 1836, and County Judge, being elected in 1851, to fill the unexpired term of J. M. Sweeny, deceased.
Colonel James Logan, one of the pioneers of Arkansas; and for whom Logan county was named, was born near Dan- ville, Kentucky, in the year 1792, son of David and Rachel Logan. In 1813 he married Rachel Steel, in New Madrid county, Missouri. In 1829 or 1830 he moved to Arkansas. In 1834 he represented Crawford county in the Territorial Legislature, and was a Member from Scott county in 1836. He was agent of the Creek Indians for some twelve years. He died in Scott, now Logan, county, in the winter of 1859. Of his family there are two children now living, to-wit: Col. Jonathan Logan, of Yell county, and Mrs. Mary D. Garrett, wife of William Garrett, who was agent of the Creek Indians at or about the time of the late war.
Hon. Ben. B. Chism, Secretary of State of 1889 to 1891, was a prominent citizen of Logan county. He was born at
II39
LOGAN COUNTY.
Booneville, Scott, now in Logan, county, in the year 1845, son of Dr. S. H. and Jeanetta Chism, who was Jeanetta Logan, a daughter of Colonel James Logan. He lived at Booneville until six years of age, when he moved to Chismville, in Scott county, where he lived until 1859, then moved to Roseville, in the same county, where he lived until 1886, when he became a . resident of Paris, the county seat. In 1874 he was elected a Del- egate to the Constitutional Convention from Sarber county, now Logan county, and in the same year was commissioned a Col- onel of Militia by Governor Baxter. In 1876 he was elected
State Senator for the counties of Yell and Logan. In 1888 he was elected Secretary of State for the two years from 1889 to 1891. On the breaking out of the war, though only sixteen years of age, he enlisted in Captain J. R. Titsworth's Com- pany of the Fifth Arkansas Infantry State Troops, and took part in the battle of Oak Hills, August 10th, 1861. After this he became a member of Captain David Arbuckle's Company in the Seventeenth Arkansas Infantry, which was consolidated with the Eleventh Arkansas, and commanded by Colonel John Griffith. For a long time, though only of the age of eighteen years, he commanded this company, Captain Ar- buckle having been made a prisoner at the fall of Port Hud- son. Colonel John Griffith being placed in command of a Brigade, Captain Chism served as Aide-de-Camp on the Brigade Staff at the age of nineteen years. In the early part of 1864, with one man, he made a reconnaisance of the Fed- eral gunboat Petrel, on the Yazoo river, in Mississippi, and laid the plan for her capture, which was accomplished by one hundred dismounted cavalrymen, commanded by Colonel John Griffith.
LINCOLN COUNTY.
Lincoln County, the sixty-sixth county created, was formed March 28th, 1871, out of territory taken from the counties of Drew, Desha, Arkansas, Bradley and Jefferson, and was named in honor of President Abraham Lincoln. The tem- porary seat of justice was fixed at the Cane Creek church, · and was afterwards permanently established at Star City, where it now is.
Lincoln is an interior county southeast, having the Arkan- sas river for its northeast boundary, Desha county east, Drew county south, Cleveland and Jefferson counties west. Its area is about 700 square miles.
One of the post-offices in the county is called Heckatoo, probably named after the old Quapaw chief, whose name, in official documents, is given as Heckatoo, Heckaton and Hrackaton, usually given Heckaton.
In surface, the county is level and mostly alluvial. The soil is of great fertility, and produces in abundance the usual crops. Cotton and corn are the chief staples. The timber product of the county is large and valuable.
The Valley Railroad runs through or across the northeast- ern portion of the county from northwest to southeast.
There are forty-three school districts, with about twenty- two public schools, kept open from three to six months in the year, and churches in all the principal neighborhoods.
The towns of the county are Star City, Varner, Tyro, Garnett, Auburn and Glendale.
Star City, the county seat, has a population of about 300. . It was settled in 1871, and contains three churches, a school, weekly newspaper, "The Lincoln Ledger," R. M. Ham- mock, editor; steam saw and grist mills, and cotton gin. Mail is received tri-weekly, but there are daily stages to Pine Bluff.
1140
İİ4İ
THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN THE COUNTY . OFFICERS:
DATE.
JUDGE.
CLERK.
SHERIFF.
TREASURER.
CORONER.
SURVEYOR.
ASSESSOR.
1871 to 1872
George H. Joslyn ..
Alfred Wiley.
J. C. Chestnutt, Jr ...
J. J. Joslyn
W. S. Stidham.
T. H. Sawyer.
1872 to 1874.
Alfred Wiley.
B. F. Sanders ..
N. S. Kite
L. E. Storer ..
W. S. Stidham ...
D. Wilkerson.
1874 to 1876
George H. Joslyn.
J. J. Joslyn.
Clay Rice, 1.
L. C. Gammill.
J. A. Cook.
W. S. Stidham, 2 ..
C. H. Lyman.
1876 to 1878
C. W. Preddy ..
J. J. Joslyn.
J. D. Taylor.
L. C. Gammill.
J. A. Cook
J. H. Pemberton ...
C. H. Lyman.
1878 to 1880
C. W. Preddy ..
J. J. Joslyn ..
J. H. Crawford
E. S. Ellis.
S. M. Elliott.
T. A. Ingram ...
M. S. Cook.
1880 to 1882
H. H. Bibb
T. A. Ingram.
J. M. Meronea
E. S. Ellis.
J. A. Laib
T. J. Irwin
William Collins.
1882 to 1884
A. Wiley
T. L. Pertuis
R. R. Rice.
E. S. Ellis ..
Eli Graham.
T. J. Irwin
T. S. Dennis.
1884 to 1886
Alfred Wiley ..
Ben. D. Cross ..
R. R. Rice.
J. R. Vick ..
J. H. Taylor.
L. B. Echols
H. W. Williams.
1886 to 1888
Alfred Wiley.
Ben. D. Cross.
R. R. Rice.
Max Cook ..
J. H. Taylor.
Thomas Collins.
C. J. Watkin -.
1888 to 1890
M. Cook ..
G. A. Bryant
R. R. Rice ..
C. H. Lyman
Robert Hill
E. J. Rabb ...
C. J. Watkins.
LINCOLN COUNTY.
1-R. R. Rice from December, 1875. 2-T. A. Ingram from February, 1875.
Hon. Thomas Fletcher, of Lincoln county, who by virtue of being President of the Senate suc- ceeded Governor Henry M. Rector as Governor in 1862, and held as such till the incoming of his successor, Governor Harris Flanagin, who was elected at a special election in that year, was born in . Nashville, Tennessee, May 15th, 1815; son of Thomas H. Fletcher, for many years the leading -- criminal lawyer of Tennessee, and Sarah Green Fletcher, who was Sarah Green Talbot. He was 1. educated at the University of Nashville, from which place he graduated in 1836. He studied law under his father and Judge Campbell, associated as Campbell & Fletcher. He was admitted to the Bar in 1838, and located at Natchez, Mississippi, where he entered into the practice of his profession. He soon acquired a large practice ; became Probate Judge in 1843, and in 1845 President Polk, un- solicited, appointed him United States Marshal of the Southern District of Mississippi, a highly lucra- tive and important position. He came to Arkansas in 1850, and settled on a plantation near Red Fork, in Desha county. He conducted large planting enterprises in that county and others. He was
1142
HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
State Senator from the counties of Desha, Jefferson, Arkansas, and Lincoln, for twelve years, from 1859, and was three times elected President of the Senate, and as such served as Gover- nor, as stated. He married Miss Caroline Cage, daughter of Jesse Cage, of Sumner county, Tennessee. She died some years ago. There were no children born of this marriage. After the war, in endeavoring to recover from its reverses, he began the practice of law in Little Rock, where he died Feb- ruary 25th, 1880, at the age of 65 years.
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CLAY COUNTY.
The sixty-seventh county created, of date March 24th, 1873, was given the name of Clayton county, in honor of State Senator John M. Clayton, of the Twentieth Dis- trict, who had courteously assisted in getting through the Legislature, which was largely Republican, a Bill for its creation, introduced in the House by Hon. B. H. Crowley, Democrat. The new county was formed out of territory taken from the counties of Randolph and Greene. The county seat was located at Boydsville, where it still is, but by an Act. of the Legislature of 1881, the county was divided into two districts, and Corning was made the place for holding courts for the Western District. By an Act of the Legislature of 1875 the final t-o-n was stricken off of the name of the county, leaving it to read Clay county.
Clay county is in the extreme northeast corner of the State of Arkansas, and is bounded on the north and east by the State of Missouri, south by Greene county, west by Randolph. The St. Francis river runs along its entire eastern boundary line, while Cache river flows through the center, north and south, and Black river in the west. It is intersected by two railroads running northeast and southwest, to-wit: the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Road in the west of the
.
II43
THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF THOSE WHO HAVE HELD OFFICE IN THE COUNTY :
DATE.
JUDGE.
CLERK.
SHERIFF.
TREASURER.
CORONER.
SURVEYOR.
ASSESSOR.
1873 to 1874
T. L. Martin.
William G. Akers.
William Liddell.
J. Cunningham.
W. C. Grimsley ....
E. N. Royall.
1874 to 1876
T. M. Holyfield.
W. H. Smith
E. N. Royall.
James Blackshear
J. J. Payne.
E. M. Allen, Jr ..
J. S. Rodgers.
1876 to 1878
T. M. Holyfield
W. H. Smith
E. M. Allen, 1
James Blackshear.
J. N. Cummins. ...
A. J. Caldwell ..
W. H. Mack.
1878 to 1880
E. N. Royall.
R. Liddell.
J. A. McNeil
John Bearden
H. W. Cagle.
A. J. Caldwell.
J. W. Rogers.
1880 to 1882
E. N. Royall
R. Liddell.
J. A. McNeil
N. J. Burton
H. W. Cagle ..
A. J. Caldwell.
J. W. Rogers.
1882 to 1884
E. N. Royall.
R. Liddell.
J. A. McNeil
W. S. Blackshear.
H. W. Cagle.
E. M. Allen.
Henry Holcomb.
1884 to 1886
E. N. Royall.
Robert Liddell
J. A. McNeil
J. S. Simpson.
Dallas Taylor.
E. M. Allen.
Henry Holcomb.
1886 to 1888
Robert Liddell
W. E. Spence.
G. M. McNeil.
A. L. Blackshear.
D. G. See.
A. Williams.
J. S. Blackshear.
1888 to 1890
R. Liddell
W. E. Spence ..
B. B. Biffle.
A. L. Blackshear. ...
W. C. Christopher Ed. Allen.
J. S. Blackshear.
CLAY COUNTY.
1-E. N. Royall, from September, 1887, vice Allen, suspended by order of Circuit Court.
county, with the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Helena Road joining it at Knobel, and the St. Louis, Arkansas & Texas Railroad in the east.
In surface, the county is diversified between hill country and undulating valleys. Crowley's ridge is the principal high land. The soil is of good fertility and produces weil. Cotton, corn, wheat, rye and fruits are the principal crops grown.
There are about forty free common schools in the county, fifty-two school districts, and forty-one school-houses, and about forty church-houses of the different denominations.
The towns of the county are Boydsville, Corning, Moark, Knobel, Greenway, Rector, Peach Orchard, Pollard and St. Francis.
Boydsville, a county seat, has a population of about 500. It was settled in 1873, and contains two churches, a school, steam saw and grist mills, and has a daily mail.
II44
HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
Corning, which is also practically a county seat, has a pop- ulation of about 1,000. It was settled in 1873, and now con- tains the Southern Cooperage Works, steam saw and grist mills, cotton gin, several stores, schools, and a weekly news -. paper, the Corning Index. Of hotels there are the Davis House, Ireland House, Green House and City Hotel. It has telegraph and express offices, and daily mail.
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BAXTER COUNTY.
Baxter County, the sixty-eighth county created, was formed March 24th, 1873, out of territory taken from the counties of Marion, Fulton, Izard and Searcy, and was named in honor of Governor Elisha Baxter. The temporary seat of justice was established at Mountain Home, and that place also became the permanent county seat.
Baxter is a northern border county, bounded north by the Missouri line, east by Fulton and Izard, south by Stone and west by Marion counties. Its area is about 600 square miles.
In surface, the county varies, part being hilly and part level and undulating valley lands. The soil is generally fertile and of good productiveness. There is no railroad in the county, the nearest railroad point being fifty miles distant. A stage line from West Plains, Missouri, to Mountain Home is the chief line of travel to reach the county.
There are forty public schools, kept open from four to eight months in the year, and one high-school at Mountain Home.
There are about thirty churches in the county, embracing the different denominations.
The towns of the county are Mountain Home, Gassville, Big Flat, Lone Rock, and Colfax.
1145
THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN THE COUNTY OFFICERS :
DATE.
JUDGE.
CLERK.
SHERIFF.
TREASURER.
CORONER.
SURVEYOR.
ASSESSOR.
1873 to 1874.
C. A. Eatman.
A. G. Byler.
William Denton, 1 ... M. J. Wolf.
John Jordan
V. B. Tate.
1874 to 1876
John S. Russell
C. A. Eatman.
A. G. Byler.
J. W. Hagdey, 3 ......
J. M. Wolf .
W. P. Hargrave ...
V. B. Tate.
1876 to 1878
John S. Russell.
C. A. Eatman
A. G. Byler.
P. Henderson.
S. H. Talburt ..
W. P. Hargrave .. ---
E. H. Messick.
1878 to 1880
John S. Russell.
C. A. Eatman.
A. G. Byler.
P. Henderson.
J. H. Wolf.
R. E. Hurst.
W. A. Collis.
1880 to 1882
J. H. Linn.
C. A. Eatman
A. G. Byler.
J. P. Crownover, 2 ...
J. H. Wolf
R. E. Hurst.
W. A. Collis.
1882 to 1884.
J. W. Cypert
C. A. Eatman
A. G. Byler. ...
J. S. Howard ..
J. L. Elliott ..
R. E. Hurst.
J. A. Carter.
1884 to 1886
J. W. Cypert
C. A. Eatman.
Jacob H. Wolf
J. S. Howard ..
J. L. Elliott.
E. N. Osborn
J. A. Carter.
1886 to 1888
S. J. Megee ...
R. M. Hancock
J. H. Wolf.
J. S. Howard.
J. L. Elliott.
T. B. Goforth
W. A. Collis.
1888 to 1890
J. S. Russell
R. M. Hancock.
J. H. Wolf
W. B. Henderson ...
J. L. Elliott.
T. B. Goforth
J. B. Schoggen.
BAXTER COUNTY.
1-Hagdey declared elected by Board of Supervisors, 1873, vice Denton. 2-Died before qualified, and J. S. Howard elected July, 1881. 3-M. G. Anglen elected May 15th, 1875, vice Hagdey.
Mountain Home, the county seat, is a place of about 400 population. It has two hotels ; three churches : a Methodist Episcopal Church, South, Missionary Baptist, and a Christian Church. A prominent citizen of Baxter county is Hon. Van Buren Tate, who was Senator from the district in 1885. He was born in Buncombe county, North Carolina, December 22d, 1837. His father moved to Batesville with the family in 1852, and in July of the same year to Yellville, Marion county. In 1867 he was licensed to preach, and three years later was ordained a deacon in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. He was made an elder in 1873. In 1876 he was elected to the Legislature, and again in 1880 and 1882, and to the Senate in 1885. On the 17th of June, 1874, he married, in Marion county, Arkansas, Miss Elizabeth Denton, daughter of Rev. William Denton, a Baptist minister. By this marriage there are eight children.
II46
HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
GARLAND COUNTY.
Garland County, the sixty-ninth county created, was formed April 5th, 1873, out of territory taken from the counties of Saline, Hot Spring and Montgomery, and was named in honor of Hon. A. H. Garland. L. D. Belden, J. H. Banhousen and William Sumpter were appointed Com- missioners to locate the county seat. The area of the new county embraced in its limits the world-famed Hot Springs, and the permanent county seat was located at the town which had sprung up around them, named Hot Springs, and which has now grown to be one of the principal cities in Arkansas.
Garland county is an interior county southwest, lying in the Ouachita river valley. Its area is about 624 square miles.
In surface, the county is hilly and broken. Slate for roof- ing exists. Novaculite for oil stones is plentiful, and the Ouachita whetstones and honestones are of as fine a quality as found in the whole world. They are extremely fine grain, and possess the faculty of giving a peculiarly fine edge to cutting tools of every description. Beautiful and curious crystals are found and marketed in quantities in the city of Hot Springs. Occasionally a freak of nature can be found in the shape of a crystal with an air-bubble inside, which, when tipped or shaken, the bubble moves about like in the spirit- level of the mechanic.
All kinds of fruits are largely produced in the county, and the ordinary crops are grown. In the neighborhood of the city of Hot Springs a great deal is done in gardening to sup- ply the enormous hotel demand of the city. Grapes are a particularly good growth in the county. The Hot Springs Narrow Guage Railroad, from Malvern to Hot Springs, twenty- two miles, furnishes the medium of travel, connecting at Malvern with the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railroad, and other railroads through the county are pro- jected.
1147
THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN THE COUNTY OFFICERS:
DATE.
JUDGE.
CLERK.
SHERIFF.
TREASURER.
CORONER.
SURVEYOR.
ASSESSOR.
1873 to 1874
R. Beldin
W. J. Little
R. W. Gibbons
N. H. Cloyes
Smith Scroggin.
J. H. Banhousen.
1874 to 1876
J. W. Jordan
A. W. B. Reed.
J. J. Sumpter
W. H. Rigsby.
J. C. Morris
Smith Scroggin ....
C. T. Glenn.
1876 to 1878
W. J. Wiloughby ... Z. Beldin
J. H. Nichols
W. H. Rigsby
E. W. Matthews
A. R. Reed.
C. T. Glenn.
1878 to 1880
W. W. Wiggs
R. B. Clyde.
J. H. Nichols
W. H. Rigsby.
Wm. Curl
S. Scroggin.
J. A. Muse.
1880 to 1882
W. W. Wiggs ..
J. H. Low.
J. H. Nichols.
John B. Roe
John Graham
H. M. Woolman.
J. A. Muse.
1882 to 1884
W. W. Wiggs
Zeba Beldin
J. H. Nichols, 2.
I. L. Butterfield ..
I. W. Smith
P. Frisby ...
DeSoto Samueis.
1884 to 1886
J. W. Howell
Z. Beldin
W. F. Housley
R. W. Gibbons
H. Haythornewhite Phil. Frisby ..
D. Samuel.
1886 to 1888
Chas. V. Teague ...
W. H. Moyston.
Robt. S. Williams .
I. B. Albaugh
E. A. Leake
A. Fleming.
R. A. Milton.
1883 to 1890
Chas. V. Teague .....
W. H. Moyston ..
Robt. S. Williams .. . I. B. Albaugh.
R. H. Moore.
Tom Smith
Sidney Hart.
1-J. H. Crutchfield vice Smith, deceased. 2-D. C. Lee vice Smith, and W. C. C. Dorrough vice R. H. Ray, from March, 1876.
:
Of springs and mineral waters there are, beside the celebrated springs in the valley, the Potash Sulphur Springs, near Lawrence station, and at Mountain Valley chalybeate springs, and similar mineral waters at other points in the county.
There are nineteen free common schools in the county, twenty-nine school districts, a convent school and others at Hot Springs. Church-houses are in all the principal settlements. At Hot Springs there are Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Episcopalian and Catholic churches. The towns are Hot Springs, Lawrence, Whittington, Mountain Valley, Blakely, Mountain Glen, Meyers, White's Mill and Potash Sulphur.
The city of Hot Springs, the county seat, is one of the early settled places of the State. Its history for the first forty-five years of its existence is identical with that of Hot Spring county; but, having been carved out of that county by the formation of Garland county, and made the capital of the new division, its history becomes attached to that of the new county.
GARLAND COUNTY.
1148
HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
There are good evidences that these springs were visited by De Soto's band, in their wanderings through the country in 1541. This is indicated by the account of the expedition given by the Portugese writer, signing himself "A Gentleman of Elvas," published in 1557, which has been repeatedly referred to in the first portion of this work. The narrative of this writer, which is minute and circumstantial, and appears in every way trustworthy, sets forth that, being at an Indian town called Caligoa, situated among the mountains, which are supposed to have been in the Ozark Mountains in the northwestern part of the State, he journeyed from thence southward ten days' journey, over rough country, until he came to the Province of Cayas, in which was a town called Tanico, near unto a river. This was evidently the region of the hot springs, for the writer says : "The Governor rested a month in the Province of Cayas, in which time the horses fattened and thrived more than in other places in a longer time, with the great plenty of maize and the leaves thereof, which I think was the best that has been seen, and they drank of a lake of very hot water and somewhat brackish.
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