A pictorial history of Arkansas, from earliest times to the year 1890. A full and complete account, embracing the Indian tribes occupying the country; the early French and Spanish explorers and governors; the colonial period; the Louisiana purchase; the periods of the territory, the state, the civil war, and the subsequent period. Also, an extended history of each county in the order of formation, and of the principal cities and towns; together with biographical notices of distinguished and prominent citizens, Part 82

Author: Hempstead, Fay, 1847-1934
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: St. Louis and New York : N. D. Thompson Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 1268


USA > Arkansas > A pictorial history of Arkansas, from earliest times to the year 1890. A full and complete account, embracing the Indian tribes occupying the country; the early French and Spanish explorers and governors; the colonial period; the Louisiana purchase; the periods of the territory, the state, the civil war, and the subsequent period. Also, an extended history of each county in the order of formation, and of the principal cities and towns; together with biographical notices of distinguished and prominent citizens > Part 82


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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Until that time the Christians wanted salt, and there they made good store, which they carried along with them. The Indians do carry it to other places, to exchange it for skins and mantles. They make it along the river, which, when it ebbeth, leaveth it upon the upper part of the sand. And because they cannot make it without much sand mingled with it, they throw it into certain baskets which they have for that purpose, broad at the mouth and narrow at the bottom, and set it in the air upon a bar and throw water into it, and set a small vessel under it wherein it falleth, being strained and set to boil upon the fire. When the water is sodden away, the salt remaineth in the bottom of the pan."


This indicates that they also visited the salt springs along the Ouachita.


CENTRAL AVENUE, HOT SPRINGS.


1150


HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.


The Indians guided De Soto's band to the place of the springs, from which it is clear that the locality was known to them, and there is no doubt that the medicinal properties of the waters were made use of by them in a rude way.


The first person to settle at Hot Springs was Manuel Prud- homme, who built a cabin there in 1807. In the same year he was joined by John Perciful and Isaac Cates, who camped there and engaged in hunting and trapping. In 1810 or 1811 Perciful bought out Prudhomme's improvements. By 1812 some few visitors occasionly came to the springs, but, by 1814, there were not exceeding four or five cabins at the place. In 1820 Joseph Millard built a double log-cabin there, which he used for entertaining visitors, but abandoned it in 1826 or 1827. At this date the habitations there were mere movable camps. In 1828 Ludovicus Belding, with his family, settled there, and found the valley entirely unoccupied. He built a house there in this year, and lived in it. His heirs made a claim to pre-empt the land on the ground of their residence there in this year and the year 1829. As early as 1829 the springs had begun to attract visitors in numbers, and the wonderful curative properties of the waters began to be known.


In the year 1830 Asa Thompson leased the springs and began to put up bathing-houses and to make accommodations for visitors, and these are the earliest bath-houses of which there is any definite information.


About the year 1829 a claim for the possession of the springs was made in the name of James Ball, holding an in- terest with one Grammont Filhiol, then of Monroe, Louisiana, alleging that the lands there had been granted by Estevan Miro, Governor of Louisiana in 1787, to Jean Filhiol, father of Grammont, who had sold in 1803 to one Narcissa Bour- grat, who had reconveyed to Jean Filhiol, who was Com- mandant of the District of the Ouachita from 1783 to 1800. It was clearly shown, however, by the testimony of Judge


II5I


GARLAND COUNTY.


0


James McLaughlin, who had lived on the Ouachita since 1793, and who had been a surveyor under the Spanish Government, that the claim had never been regularly granted by the Spanish authorities, but was concocted in 1803, by the Spanish Commandant of the District of the Ouachita, Don Vincent Fernandez Techiero, successor to Jean Filhiol, who seeing that the Government was about to change, and "wish- ing to do something for his friends," prepared a scheme to make conveyances of lands, ante-dated to have the appear- ance of their having passed through several hands, which the United States would be bound to recognize when it took pos- session. Accordingly in his (McLaughlin's) presence a conveyance of the springs was drawn, dated 1787, and ran from Estevan Miro, Governor, to Jean Filhiol; another bear- ing date November 25th, 1803, from Jean Filhiol to Nar- cissa Bourgrat, and then a later conveyance from Narcissa Bourgrat to Jean Filhiol. But when Filhiol's heirs attempted to recover the land in 1829, search was made of the Spanish records, and no such grant could be found recorded in either New Orleans or St. Louis; only the deed from Filhiol to Narcissa Bourgrat could be found, reciting that the previous grant had been made by Miro, and so when Judge McLaughlin gave his deposition as to the facts, the claim vanished into thin air.


In 1820 Colonel Elias Rector, of St. Louis, located on the lands embracing the springs, a New Madrid certificate, originally issued to Francis Langlois, and by him assigned to Colonel Rector. Application for the entry of these lands was made January 27th, 1819. They were surveyed by James S. Conway, Deputy Surveyor, July 16th, 1820; the location of the claim was duly made, but on applying to the Department for a patent, the Commissioner withheld it on the ground that the Indian title had not at that time been ex- tinguished; and afterwards withheld it on the view given by Attorney-General William Wirt, that New Madrid certificates


II52


HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.


were not locateable south of the Arkansas river ; that the New Madrid Act permitted the location only of such lands as were subject to entry at the date of that Act (1815), and not those which afterwards became so. While matters were pending in this shape, Congress, in 1832, passed an Act reserving the four sections of land, which embraced the springs, from pri- vate ownership by purchase, settlement or pre-emption. The heirs of Colonel Rector claimed the springs under the location of this certificate. The claim was represented by Henry M. Rector, who settled at the springs in 1843. In 1839 or 1840, John C. Hale settled at the springs, and after the death of John Perciful, in 1835, Hale bought from his widow, Sarah Perciful and his son David Perciful, their claim to the springs, and thereafter their interest was represented in him. In 1851 Major William H. Gaines, who had been a large planter on the Mississippi river at Gaines' Landing, in Chicot county, moved to the springs and married Maria Belding, one of the heirs and descendants of Ludovicus Belding, and thereafter their interest was represented by him. The three claimants began a litigation for the property in the year 1852, which only ended in 1876, by a decision of the Court of Claims at Washington, affirmed by the Supreme Court of the United States in favor of the United States Government, as against all three of the claimants, Hale claiming under the Perciful pre- emption right, Gaines claiming under the Belding pre-emption right, and Rector claiming under the New Madrid entry.


In 1877 Congress appointed Commissioners to settle the rights of possession and purchase as between the different in- dividuals, numbering several thousand, who had settled on the property, holding by lease or purchase. Valuations were placed on the different. parcels, and the Commissioners de- cided who was entitled to purchase the same. Finally the many and difficult questions arising out of the subject were determined, and questions of title permanently settled, and thereafter the substantial improvement of the place was very


Witchbrig & Sorber Des & Engs pttans


U. S. ARMY AND NAVAL HOSPITAL.


II54


HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.


great. The Commissioners laid out a large and beautiful city, the Government still retaining ownership of a large part of it. The Hot Springs mountain to the east of the valley, on which all the hot springs are situated, was made a perma- nent reservation, and the Government, in 1885, erected on it a splendid hospital, called the Army and Navy Hospital, for the use of sick and disabled soldiers and marines in the Gov- ernment service.


By 1871 the town had not greatly grown, though there were a number of good hotels there of that date. The farthest house up the valley was Colonel Whittington's residence, with one cottage opposite, where Captain H. C. Smith lived. Houses were then very scattered along the course of the Hot springs creek, until the Grand Central Hotel was reached, where the Opera House now stands. The Gaines' cottage was the farthest house to the south ; with the Episcopal Church, the Hot Springs Hotel, and the Sumpter House, frame build- ings. In fact all the houses of that date were frame houses.


On the site of the Arlington Hotel stood the Rector House, which was never torn down in the building of the larger house, but a part of the old hotel was incorporated in and built into the new one.


In the spring of 1878 a disastrous fire swept the town al- most from one end of the valley to the other. Hardly a house was left standing on either side of the street, from the Arlington Hotel to the Malvern crossing. The houses were generally small frame structures, and were speedily consumed by the flames. Many of these small houses stood on the banks of the creek, east of the principal street, but in the re- building of the town no houses were allowed to be erected on the east side of the street, but were all required to be erected west, leaving the space open to the banks of the creek. This space was constructed into a fine, broad street, which gives a good appearance to the place.


BIG / RON


OZARK


LACE



RECTOR


RAMMELSBERG


OLPHALE


Wittenberg Sorber St.L.


CLUSTER OF BATH HOUSES, HOT SPRINGS.


1156


HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.


The city contains all the attributes of modern cities-gas, water, electric lights, opera houses, street cars, telegraph and telephone service ; a great number of excellent hotels, with daily mails, and is one of the most thrifty and enterprising cities in the State. It contains the largest hotel in the United States, the Hotel Eastman, containing 500 rooms, opened January 23d, 1890.


After the settlement of the title took place, the growth of the place was rapid and permanent, and included many handsome and costly buildings. The bath-houses gathered along the banks of the Hot Springs creek: the Rammells- berg, Ozark, Palace, Old Hale, Horseshoe, Rector and other bath-houses, are magnificent structures, and rank among the very finest for the purpose anywhere in the nation.


In 1832 Hiram A. Whittington settled at the springs. He was born in Boston, Massachusett, January 14th, 1805, came to Arkansas, and worked as a printer with William E. Wood- ruff, in the Gazette office, from December, 1826, to June, 1832, when he left the place to recruit his health, and came to Hot Springs for the purpose in December of that year, and afterwards remained there. When he came, there was only one stopping place in the town called a hotel, but it was merely "two log pens with a 14-foot passage between," and roofed with clapboards. The second winter he stayed there, 1833, there were not more than a half dozen people living in the valley, and sixty or seventy visitors was the largest number of visitors at a time in the summer. He opened a boarding house, and kept it from 1836 to November, 1849. There was no local physician for fourteen years after he came. Dr. Wil- liam H. Hammond was the first to permanently locate there. He came in 1850, and died in 1859. Dr. G. W. Lawrence was the next physician to locate there. In 1851 Colonel Whittington established a home in the valley, which, at that time, consisted of fourteen acres purchased from Hon. Solon Borland. It was then far out of the settlement, but is now in


1157


GARLAND COUNTY.


the heart of the city. In 1832 Colonel Whittington was appointed by Governor Pope, Clerk of the Circuit Court of Hot Spring county, and held this office till 1835, when he was elected to the Legislature, and was re-elected in 1836, 1838 and 1840.


On the 12th of October, 1836, in Boston, Massachusetts, he married Miss Mary Burnham, who died April 15th, 1851. By this marriage there were six children, only two of whom are now living, to-wit : Emeline, who is Mrs. Tatum, of Bel- ton, Texas, and Alfred Whittington, a prominent citizen of Hot Springs.


Colonel Whittington died at Hot Springs, May 5th, 1890, in the 86th year of his age.


Dr. George W. Lawrence became a resident of Hot Springs in October, 1859. He was born July 4th, 1823, at Plymouth, Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, son of William and Sarah Lawrence, of English descent. He graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1846, and settled in Baltimore. He then moved to Sutter county, California ; from thence he returned to Catonsville, Maryland, and from there came to Arkansas. On the break- ing out of the war he entered the Confederate Army as Sur- geon, and remained until the close of the war, serving under Generals Albert Sidney Johnston, Hardee, Hindman, Green and Nichols. He was Centennial Commissioner of Arkansas in 1876. He died in Hot Springs, December 30th, 1889. He was twice married : June 6th, 1848, in Baltimore, and December 10th, 1872, at Little Rock.


In 1866 M. C. O'Bryan came to Hot Springs and began merchandising, and is still there, one of the leading mer- chants, and doing a large business. He was born in Kerry, Ireland, September 22d, 1835; came to New Orleans with his mother in 1848, his father being dead. After trying vari- ous business ventures, with varying success, in New Orleans, Memphis, California, St. Louis, Paducah and Little Rock, he


1158


HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.


started to Texas, but being taken sick at Rockport came to Hot Springs to recuperate, and with small capital began busi- ness March 10th, 1866. In 1869, March 7th, he married Miss Susannah Medlock, of Saline county. By this marriage there are five children : three sons and two daughters.


In 1867 Captain Thaddeus Taylor settled at the springs, merchandising, and is still a resident of the city. He was born in Washington county, Georgia, January 2d, 1829. He taught school in Washington county, Georgia, also in Mount Holly, Union county, Arkansas, and then in Louisiana. He commenced merchandising at Prentiss, Bolivar county, Mississippi. In 1857 he went to Lewisburg, Arkansas, and engaged in merchandising with J. C. Rodgers, which bus- iness he continued until the time of the war, in which he en- listed in Colonel Arthur Carroll's Regiment of Cavalry. After the war he went with his family to Little Rock, and clerked in the store of Ottenheimer Bros. until 1867, when he went into business for himself at Hot Springs, and is now one of the leading and prosperous merchants of the place. In 1858, at Lewisburg, he married Mrs. Eliza J. Hibbard, whose maiden name was Bowers. By this marriage three children were born : a son, Thaddeus, and two daughters.


Hon. John James Sumpter became a resident of Hot Springs in 1844. He was born in Warrenton, Warren coun- ty, Missouri, July 7th, 1842, son of James and Elizabeth Sumpter. His father came to Arkansas in October, 1843, and on the 14th of February, 1844, located at Hot Springs, where he died September 24th, 1861. His mother lives in Hot Springs with her son. He was admitted to the Bar in 1876. On the breaking out of the Civil War he enlisted in the Confederate Army as a private, in Com- pany "F," of the Third Arkansas Cavalry, and was com- manding a company at the surrender. He served under Generals Forrest, Van Dorn and Wheeler, and was in over 200 battles and skirmishes. His command covered the


ìber


VIEW FROM HOT SPRINGS MOUNTAIN.


1160


HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.


retreat from Dalton to Savannah, Georgia, and then through South Carolina to North Carolina, where it was surrendered with Johnston's Army in 1865. He was a Member of the Legislatures of 1871, 1873 and 1874; Sheriff of Garland countyfrom 1874 to 1876 ; Member of the National Democratic Committee from 1876 to 1884; elected to the State Senate for 1889 to 1891. On the 8th of November, 1866, at Little Rock, he was married to Nannie Etter Cayce, of Tennessee. By this marriage there are three children: two sons and a daughter.


Dr. Henry M. Rector was born in Saline county, Jan- uary 8th, 1847, son of Governor Henry M. and Jane E. Rector. He lived in Little Rock until the war, during which, for a part of the time, he lived in Washington, Hempstead county. In 1867 he became a resident of Hot Springs, where he now resides, being at present engaged in the banking business. He graduated in medicine in the Mis- souri Medical College, and practiced as a physician in Hot Springs. He entered the Confederate Army as a private in McNeill's Regiment of Dockery's Brigade, of the Reserve Corps, and was afterwards transferred to Fagan's Advance Guard. In 1876 he was Representative of Garland county in the Legislature. In 1870, at Little Rock, he was married to Miss Hebe F. Gower, of Iowa City, Iowa. By this mar- riage there are four children now living : three daughters and a son.


Hon. Elias Wharton Rector became a citizen of Hot Springs in 1870. He was born in Little Rock, June 11th, 1849, son of Governor Henry M. and Jane Elizabeth Rector, who was Jane Elizabeth Field, daughter of William Field, Clerk of the United States Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas in early times. He lived in Little Rock from birth up to 1863 ; from 1863 to spring of 1865 at Washington and Columbus, Hempstead county ; from 1867 to 1870 at Little Rock; and from 1870 to the present time at Hot Springs.


--


F


II6I


GARLAND COUNTY.


He attended the law school of the University of Virginia dur- ing the sessions of 1872 to 1873, 1873 to 1874, and was ad- mitted to the Bar in the fall of 1874. He was a Member of the Legislature from Garland county in 1886, and again in 1888 to 1890. He was a prominent candidate for Governor in 1888, and made a brilliant canvass before the people. On the IIth of November, 1875, he was married, at Friar's Point, Mississippi, to Miss Rosebud Alcorn, daughter of Gov- ernor James S. Alcorn, of Mississippi. By this marriage there are six children.


William J. Little located at Hot Springs in 1871, and is now one of the most extensive grocery merchants in the State, as President and General Manager of the "Wm. J. Little Grocery Company." He was born in White county, Arkan- sas, February 23d, 1843. At the age of 16, his father gave him an interest in a store in White county, which he con- ducted until the breaking out of the war, but lost it all in the progress of the war by its being appropriated by the Federal troops. He entered the Confederate Army and served till the close of the war. After the war he began clerking for Hut- chinson & Cox, in Little Rock; was then Clerk in Auditor William R. Miller's office, and then traveled for four years for F. Mitchell & Bro., wholesale grocers. In 1871 he went into the grocery business at Hot Springs with M. C. O'Bryan, and continued in that firm till March, 1877. Hewas then associated with J. T. Jenkins, as Little & Jenkins, a firm which existed till 1880, when he formed the Wm. J. Little Grocery Com- pany, August 13th, 1880. On the 9th of January, 1871, he married Miss Ella Sumpter, daughter of James Sumpter, of Hot Springs. By this marriage there is one child, a son, William Walter.


George Grey Latta became a resident of Hot Springs in 1873. He was born at Fayetteville, North Carolina, Janu- ary 17th, 1848, son of William S. and Mary M. Latta, of Cartersville, Georgia. He was educated at the University of


A.S. GARNETT


E.M.RIX


J.D. KIMBALL.


enberg -Sorber


J.N. CONGER , Su pt. H.S.R. R.


CLUSTER OF RESIDENCES, HOT SPRINGS.


1163


GARLAND COUNTY.


North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, graduating in June, 1868; was admitted to the Bar in that State in 1868, and in Tennes- see in 1869. He came to Arkansas, January 17th, 1870, lo- cating at Arkadelphia. In 1871 he moved to Mount Ida, and lived there until May, 1873, when he moved to Hot Springs, where he now resides, engaged in the practice of law. He was Prosecuting Attorney of the Fifteenth Judicial District in 1873, and Member of the Legislature the same year. He served in the Confederate Army as Lieutenant of Company "D," of the Twenty-eighth Tennessee Cavalry, in Hill's Brigade. On the 29th of February, 1876, he was married, at Knoxville, Tennessee, to Miss Fannie Brownlow. By this marriage there are three children: one daughter and two sons.


Charles Northrup Rix became a citizen of Hot Springs in 1878. He was born in Texas township, Kalamazoo county, Michigan, son of George and Olive A. Rix. He first attended school in a log school-house in Kalamazoo county, Michigan ; was then at a private school in Kalamazoo; at the Theolog- ical Seminay at the same place, and graduated in the public school at Dowagiac, Michigan. He learned the carpenter's trade to earn enough to finish at the high school at Dowagiac, and was going by the same means to college, when the Civil War coming on prevented, as he quit work on the erection of a building at $1.25 per day, and joined the Federal Army. He was appointed Commissary-Sergeant of the First Indian Regiment of Mounted Infantry, raised in Fort Scott, Kansas, in 1862 ; served as Sergeant-Major of the regiment ; was promoted to First Lieutenant of Company "D," April 19th, 1863, when not twenty years old; was promoted to Captain of Company "D," September, 1864; served in the First Brigade of the Third Division, Army of the Frontier, and Third Brigade, First Division of the Seventh Army Corps; was Recorder of Mititary Commission and Judge- Advocate of two general Courts-Martial. He enlisted and


1164


HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.


commanded the first colored men ever enlisted in the U. S. Army. He served in the Army until May 31st, 1865; was then in the Paymaster Department until August, 1866; then engaged in the wholesale grocery business at Kansas City, Missouri ; commenced banking business in January, 1867, and has been continuously engaged therein since that date, except one year. He came to Arkansas, July 3d, 1878, and located at Hot Springs, where he now resides, being Cashier of the Arkansas National Bank of Hot Springs, and President of the Bank of Camden. He has been a Member of the Repub- lican County and State Central Committee for the past six years, and was a Delegate to the Republican National Con- vention in 1888. On the 19th of December, 1870, at Topeka, Kansas, he was married to Lucy Emma Thomas, daughter of the Hon. Chester Thomas, of that State. By this marriage there are two children, a son and daughter.


O -


FAULKNER COUNTY.


Faulkner County, the seventieth county created, wasformed April 12th, 1873, out of territory taken from the counties of Conway and Pulaski. The temporary seat of justice was directed to be at Conway Station, on the Little Rock & Fort Smith Railroad. A. D. Thomas, A. F. Livingston and J. F. Comstock were appointed Commissioners to locate the permanent place. The Commissioners continued it at Con- way, where it now is.


Faulkner is an interior county north of center, bounded north by Van Buren and Cleburne, east by White and Lonoke, south by Pulaski, west by Perry and Conway. Its area is about 676 square miles.


In surface the county is rolling, with some prairie land. The soil is of good fertility, and produces the usual crops. The timber product of the county is good and varied. The


1165


THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN THE COUNTY OFFICERS:


DATE.


JUDGE.


CLERK.


SHERIFF.


TREASURER.


CORONER.


SURVEYOR.


ASSESSOR.


1873 to 1874.


C. H. Lander


Benton Turner


M. E. Moore ..


R. T. Harrison


G. W. Johnson ..


A. B. Henry.


1874 to 1876.


J. W. Duncan.


F. C. Moore.


J. E. Martin.


James Jones, 1 ..


w. C. Gray.


B. J. McHenry ..


W. H. C. Nixon.


1876 to 1878


J. W. Duncan ..


F. C. Moore ..


W. J. Harrell


G. T. Clifton


W. Martin.


B. J. McHenry ..


G. W. Brown.


1878 to 1880.


F. R. Adams, 2.


J. V. Mitchell.


J. D. Townsend.


G. T. Clifton


S. V. Castleberry ... B. Moss.


G. W. Brown.


1880 to 1882


L. C. Lincoln ...


J. V. Mitchell ..


J. D. Townsend.


G. T. Clifton


J. A. Phillips


B. Moss.


J. M. C. Vaughter.


1882 to 1884


E. M. Merriman.


J. V. Mitchell.


A. J. Witt.


G. T. Clifton


J. A. Phillips.


J. W. Thompson ...


J. P. Price.


1884 to 1886.


E. M. Merriman ..


J. V. Mitchell.


A. J. Witt ..


G. T. Clifton


S. E. Wilson.


J. D. Conlon ..


J. N. Harris.


1886 to 1888


E. M. Merriman.


J. V. Mitchell.


L. B. Dawson.


G. T. Clifton


B. G. Wilson.


.. A. B. Dickerson ....


Bruce Shaw.


1888 to 1890.


P. H. Prince.


J. V. Mitchell ..


L. B. Dawson.


G. T. Clifton


A. P. Powell.


F. Hegi


Bruce Shaw.


1-Resigned, and W. J. Harrell elected April 21st, 1875. 2-Resigned June 1st, 1880.


Arkansas river, which forms the southwest border, and the Little Rock & Fort Smith Railroad, which runs across the southwest corner of the county, afford facilities for travel.


There are 100 school districts, with 88 public schools, with a high school at Conway, and church- houses of the several denominations at all the principal points. The towns of the county are Con- way, Greenbriar, Pinnacle Springs and Mount Vernon.


Conway, the county seat, was settled in 1871, and incorporated as a town October 9th, 1878. It contains a population of about 1,500; has a Catholic, two Baptist and two Methodist churches, a school, court-house, two theaters, a number of stores, three weekly newspapers, The Log Cabin, J. W. Underhill, editor ; the Democratic Guard, J. G. Words, and the Faulkner County Wheel, G. B. Farmer, publisher. Has telegraph and express offices, and daily mails.


COUNTY.


FAULKNER


II66


HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.


LONOKE COUNTY.




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