USA > Arkansas > A pictorial history of Arkansas, from earliest times to the year 1890. A full and complete account, embracing the Indian tribes occupying the country; the early French and Spanish explorers and governors; the colonial period; the Louisiana purchase; the periods of the territory, the state, the civil war, and the subsequent period. Also, an extended history of each county in the order of formation, and of the principal cities and towns; together with biographical notices of distinguished and prominent citizens > Part 35
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The following regiments served in the Trans-Mississippi Department :
IN PRICE'S DIVISION :
Fagan's Brigade :- Anderson's Battalion, Major W. L. Anderson; Brook's Regiment, Colonel W. H. Brooks ; Hawthorn's Regiment, Colonel A. T. Hawthorn ; Bell's Regiment, Colonel Sam. S. Bell; King's Regiment, Colonel John P. King.
McRae's Brigade :- Glenn's Regiment, Colonel J. E. Glenn ; Gause's Regiment, Colonel Lucien C. Gause ; Mor- gan's Regiment, Colonel Asa Morgan; Hart's Regiment, Colonel R. A. Hart; Marshall's Battery, Captain John Mar- shall.
Tappan's Brigade :- Shaver's Regiment, Colonel R. G. Shaver ; Shaler's Regiment, Colonel - - Shaler ; Daw- son's Regiment, Colonel C. L. Dawson ; Grinstead's Reg- iment, Colonel H. L. Grinstead.
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GENERAL THOMAS C. HINDMAN.
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
IN WALKER'S DIVISION :
Newton's Regiment, Colonel Robert C. Newton ; Dob- bins' Regiment, Colonel Archibald Dobbins.
IN STEELE'S DIVISION :
Cabell's Brigade :- Monroe's Regiment, Colonel J. C. Monroe ; Thompson's Regiment, Colonel Lee L. Thompson ; Hill's Regiment, Colonel John F. Hill.
The assignment of the following regiments and battalions is unknown :
REGIMENTS :
Matlock's Regiment, Colonel C. H. Matlock; McGee's Regiment, Colonel McGee; Freeman's Regiment, Colonel Freeman ; Rutherford's Regiment, Colonel George Ruther- ford ; Coleman's Regiment, Colonel Coleman; Crawford's Regiment, Colonel W. A. Crawford ; Baber's Regiment, Colonel M. D. Baber; Wright's Regiment, Colonel John C. Wright; Carroll's Regiment, Colonel Charles Arthur Car- roll; Gunter's Regiment, Colonel T. M. Gunter.
BATTALIONS :
Rapley's Battalion, Major W. F. Rapley; Cheek's Bat- talion ; Venable's Cavalry ; Scott's Squadron, Colonel John R. Homer Scott ; Woodruff's Artillery, Major Wm. E. Wood- ruff ; Blocher's Battery, Captain W. D. Blocher ; Battery, Captain J. V. Zimmerman ; Etter's Battery, Captain C. B. Etter ; West's Battery, Captain Henry C. West; Battery, Captain Anderson Mills.
The first engagement in this command was a slight skir- mish, near St. Charles, Arkansas county, June 17th, 1862, followed by one at Cache river, July 7th. The Federal forces, under General Curtis, having marched from Elkhorn, were established at Batesville, projecting a movement against Little Rock. To intercept them, General Hindman placed Rust's Brigade of Texans, with some of the Arkansas troops, with Woodruff's Battery, at Cotton Plant. On the 7th of
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THE YEAR 1862.
July these forces met at Cache river, and after a short en- gagement, with but slight losses to either side, the Federals re- treated to Helena, which they occupied, establishing commu- nication with the gun-boats in the river.
On the 14th of July, Federal cavalry captured the city of Fayetteville. There was no Confederate force there; the movement was simply that of a scouting party; the whole northern part of the State being at this time subject to raids. They held possession of the town for only a few hours, but in that time placed many persons under arrest, some of whom they at once paroled ; others were carried prisoners to Spring- field, Missouri, and there paroled.
In the autumn, a permanent occupation of the town was made. General W. L. Cabell, with a Confederate cavalry force, and two pieces of artillery, attacked the town October 28th, and so unexpected was the attack, that not a company or squad was ready for it. But the advantage which the sur- prise gave was not followed up; for after the Confederates had made a lodgment in the east part of the town, consider- able time elapsed while they were getting the artillery into position, during which the Federals, having recovered from the demoralization of the sudden attack, brought their men into order, and formed them into positions, even issued arms and ammunition to a number who were unarmed when the attack began, so that when the engagement was renewed, the Confederates found them thoroughly prepared, and were compelled to retire, with the capture of the town unaccom- plished.
The following is a summary of other military operations in Arkansas during the year 1862 :
November 20th to 23d, reconnaisance of Federal troops under Lieutenant-Colonel L. R. Jewell, in the direction of ·
Van Buren and Fort Smith. November 25th, skirmish at Pittman's Ferry ; skirmish at Cane Hill. November 25th to 29th, expedition of First Iowa, Tenth Illinois, and Battal-
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
ion of Second Wisconsin Cavalry, under Colonel Wicker- sham, of the Tenth Illinois, to Yellville, destroying saltpeter works, and burning the arsenal and store-house of Confeder- ates. November 28th, engagement at Cane Hill, Washing- ton county, or Boston Mountains. December 4th to 6th, operations about Cane Hill and skirmish at Reed's Mountain. December 7th, battle of Prairie Grove, December 9th ; skir- mish at Mudtown; December 14th, affair near Helena ; December 20th, skirmish near Cane Hill; December 23d, skirmish near Helena, on the St. Francis road; December 28th, capture of Van. Buren; December 30th, skirmish at La Grange.
The engagement at Cane Hill consisted of an attack made by General Blunt, with a force estimated by him at 5,000, on the Confederates, under command of General Marmaduke. This engagement began about ten o'clock in the forenoon, and lasted about six hours. The Confederates were driven back, and the Federal forces occupied Cane Hill. General Blunt stated his loss at 8 killed and 36 wounded; that of the Confederates was probably about the same.
In this engagement, Colonel Charles Arthur Carroll com- manded the Arkansas Cavalry Brigade, composed of Colonel J. C. Monroe's Regiment and Lieutenant-Colonel Johnston's Regiment, with Captain Shoup's Battery. The other Con- federate troops engaged were the Fourth Missouri Cavalry Brigade, commanded by Colonel Joseph O. Shelby, and a regiment of Missouri cavalry, commanded by Colonel Emmet MacDonald. A brilliant feature of the day, was a charge made by Colonel J. C. Monroe, at the head of a brigade, in which the Federals were driven back in confusion and dis- order.
In the latter part of the year, the northern part of the State was occupied by two Federal columns. General Herron took position near Prairie Grove, with an army of about 6,000
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THE YEAR 1862.
men and 30 cannon ; and General Blunt, at Cane Hill, with a force of about 10,000, and about 30 cannon.
General Hindman moved against Herron, and attacked him at Prairie Grove, on Sunday, the 7th of December.
His forces were disposed as follows: On the right, a divi- sion commanded by General F. A. Shoup. Under him was General James F Fagan, with four regiments: Colonel James Pleasants, Lieutenant-Colonel Geohagen and Major Sam. Bell; Colonel A. T. Hawthorn, Colonel J. P. King and Colonel W. H. Brooks, numbering about 2,000 men. In the center, General John Selden Roane commanded a di- vision, with General Dandridge McRae's Brigade, consisting of Colonel Wright's Regiment, Colonel Glenn's, Colonel Morgan's and Colonel Gause's Regiments. On the left, General Parsons commanded with his Missouri troops. General Marmaduke commanded the cavalry, and Major Woodruff the artillery. The main battle was sustained by the right and left, the center was not so heavily engaged. On learning that a battle was impending, General Blunt made a forced march from Cane Hill, and arrived with his forces just in time to take part in the engagement. He took position on Herron's right, confronting General Parsons. The heaviest fighting was by Fagan's command, on the Confederate right, and the casualties among his troops were large. Among them was Colonel Pleasants, killed. Much of the fighting here was at close range, and with heavy loss to both sides.
As the battle progressed, the Federal forces were driven back at every point, and the general result was a complete triumph for the Confederates, they remaining in possession of the field. Seeing his defeat, General Herron loaded up his wagon trains at Fayetteville, and moved them out toward Mis- souri as rapidly as possible. A portion of them he gave or- ders should be burned in case they should not be moved off fast enough. Shortly after night-fall, General Blunt sent a flag of truce to General Hindman by Dr. Parker, asking
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
permission to bury the dead. His communication was dated from "Headquarters in the Field." General Hindman re- plied, granting the permission, dating his reply from "Head- quarters on the Field." About dark, after the battle had ceased, and before the arrival of the flag of truce, General Hindman, from lack of subsistence to enable him to hold the field which he occupied, ordered a retreat, upon which the Federal forces occupied and held the ground from which they had previously retired. From this circumstance the Federals claimed the victory.
The following, taken from General Hindman's report of the battle, makes mention of a number of Arkansas troops :
"At I o'clock, P. M., aided by a tremendous artillery fire, the infantry of Herron's command advanced against the posi- tion held by Shoup and Marmaduke. It was permitted to approach within sixty yards, and then, as it charged, making gallantly past one of our batteries, and having it a moment in possession, Fagan's Arkansas Brigade, part of McRae's Bri- gade and the Missourians under Shelby, delivered a terrific fire from their shot-guns, rifles and muskets, and charged them furiously. Hawthorn's Regiment of Arkansians re-took the battery. The Federals broke and fled. Our men pursued them far into the prairie. The slaughter was great, and the ground in many places was strewn with the Federal wounded and dead. Very soon the attack was renewed a little farther to my right, with great vigor and determination; I ordered Shaver's Arkansas Brigade, of Frost's Division, to the support of General Shoup, and the enemy was again repulsed with heavy loss, and retired in confusion . . . . At dark the bat- tle closed, leaving us masters of every foot of ground over which it was fought. Our loss in killed was 164; wounded, 817; missing, 336 (total 1,317). The enemy left not less than 400 dead on the field, and its wounded certainly exceeded 1,500. The number of prisoners in our hands was 275, in- cluding 9 officers. We also captured 5 Federal flags and
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THE YEAR 1862.
over 500 small arms, with 23 wagons, containing camp and garrison equippage . Generals Frost, Shoup and Mar- maduke commanding Divisions; Generals Roane, Fagan, Parsons and McRae, and Colonels Shaver and Shelby com- manding Brigades, did their duty nobly. . . I had with me the following staff : Colonel R. C. Newton, Chief of Staff, Major J. P. Wilson, Assistant-Adjutant General, Lieu- tenant S. B. Reardon, Aide-de-camp, Lieutenant R. W. - Lee, Acting Chief of Ordnance, Colonel D. Provence, Act- ing Chief of Artillery, Colonel A. S. Dobbins and Major E. C. Boudinot, Volunteer Aides-de-camp; Surgeon, J. M. Kel- ler, Medical Director. All of them were constantly under fire. They displayed great coolness and disregard of danger in the discharge of their duties I present this subject specially to the Department Commander, with the case also of Lieutenant McK. A. Hammett, all being of the number of assignments made by me, while commanding the Trans- Mississippi Department. Considering the strength of my command, as compared with the enemy, considering that my men were destitute of food, their wagons 30 miles in the rear, and not to be brought forward without imminent danger of being lost; that my small supply of ammunition was reduced far below what would be necessary for another day's fighting, and that my battery animals were literally dying of starvation, and could not be foraged in the presence of a superior force of the enemy, I determined to retire, and gave the necessary or- ders for that purpose."
The Federal loss was given in official reports at 175 killed, 813 wounded and 263 missing; total 1, 251.
In his report of the engagement by his regiment, Colonel Morgan, of McRae's Brigade, said :
"My regiment, under trying circumstances, receiving a heavy fire of artillery and most galling fire of musketry, without the possibility of returning it, remained firm, execut- ing all orders to advance and retire promptly, and in good
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
order. I regret that only my skirmishers were engaged. This company, Captain (Samuel) Gibson, behaved admirably and suffered severely. To Lieutenant-Colonel Wright, Major Yell and Adjutant Carrington, I am indebted for the degree of steadiness which the regiment maintained-they mul- tiplied their efforts as danger increased, being ever present and in most exposed positions, encouraging and steadying the men."
The next series of incidents in which Arkansas troops were largely engaged, consisted of the invasion of Kentucky by the armies of Kirby Smith and Bragg.
On the 3Ist of July orders were issued to "cook three days' rations and be prepared at a moment's notice." On the 5th of August the extra baggage of the command was stored at Loudon, Tennessee, and on the 7th General Mc- Cown, under orders of General E. Kirby Smith, moved out with his second division to Knoxville, the division commanded by Brigadier-General Churchill, the Arkansas Brigade of it was commanded by Colonel McNair, and the Texas Brigade by Colonel McCray. From Knoxville they moved northward into Kentucky. At Wilson's Gap, in the Cumberland Moun- tains, they were joined by General P. R. Cleburne's Division, which was placed in the advance. They moved northward through Barboursville, and made direct for Richmond.
On the 29th of August the army camped at Big Hill, in striking distance of the Federals, who were encamped at Richmond, Kentucky. The next morning General Mccown's column, with Cleburne's Division, moved forward. At 9 o'clock Captain James M. Douglas, of Tyler, Texas; Cap- tain Humphries, with an Arkansas Battery and a Florida Battery, opened the engagement. General Cleburne's Divi- sion advanced and attacked the Federals on the right, and Colonel McCray, with his Texas Brigade, engaged them on the left, and with the assistance of the artillery, drove them from their position with great slaughter. Cleburne's Division
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THE YEAR 1862.
took about 700 prisoners. As he was advancing to this at- tack he was wounded in the face by a sharpshooter-a small ball from a carbine struck his left jaw, knocking out all of the teeth on that side, and passing out of his mouth. He was obliged to leave the field, and General Preston Smith took command of the Division. Colonel L. Polk also was wounded.
After their first repulse, the Federals rallied, and came on with a counter-attack, which was received by McCray's Texas Brigade, of Churchill's Division, and repulsed with great loss, including 400 prisoners, and a number of cannon. The battle continued until about night-fall, when the Federals were driven from the town.
In this engagement McNair's Brigade captured over 600 prisoners, and inflicted a loss in killed and wounded of prob- ably as many more. The Confederate loss was 84 killed and 365 wounded. The Federal loss was 402 killed and 1,500 wounded, and 5,200 prisoners.
The Confederates captured nine cannon, 15,000 stands of arms, over 100 wagons and teams, together with about $7,- 000,000 worth of Quartermasters', Commissaries', Ordnance and Hospital stores.
The Fourth Arkansas Regiment, in this engagement, lost four killed : George W. Shirley, Private of Company "B;" E. Thompson, Company "C;" William C. Brewer, of Company "F," and John Green, of Company "K." They had fourteen wounded, of whom three died of their wounds : Thomas B. Dixon, Second Sergeant of Company "A;" Second Sergeant James A. Davis, and Third Sergeant J. A. W. Perdue, of Company "D."
Out of the rich captures of this field, the Fourth Regiment exchanged its indifferent arms for muskets, and they, and the rest of the army, were thereafter well armed with captured Minie and Enfield rifles. Col. Evander McNair, of the
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
Fourth Regiment, was made a Brigadier-General, his com- mission reading: "for gallantry and bravery on the battle field of Richmond, Kentucky."
From Richmond, the Confederates moved to Lexington, September 4th, where they were received with enthusiasm. In recognition of gallantry at Richmond, the First Arkansas Rifles was selected as the first to enter the town.
At Lexington, the Confederates captured a large quantity of the finest Hospital stores and medicines, besides other property, valued at over $5,000,000. From Lexington they pushed on until in sight of Covington, which was held by a Federal garrison. From here they moved to Georgetown, and to Mount Sterling, then to Frankfort, where a Provisional Governor of Kentucky, Hawes, was inaugurated, when they returned to Versailles. From here they were moved to Lawrenceburg, twenty-eight miles below Frankfort, to inter- cept a Federal force which had penetrated that far. Prepa- rations were made for an engagement, but the Federals eluded them, losing 700 prisoners and 13 loaded wagons. They were next moved to Harrodsburg, where they found General Bragg's main army.
Bragg now turned about and began to retreat out of Ken- tucky, followed by the Federals under General Beuell. He halted at Perryville, where a severe engagement occurred October 8th, in which Cheatham's Corps, with Hardee's in reserve, principally participated. The reserve was sufficiently near to be reached by the Federal artillery, and in one of their discharges Simpson Harris, of the "Capital Guards," Com- pany "A," of the Sixth Arkansas, was struck by a cannon ball, shattering his leg, from which he died. He was a prominent lawyer of Little Rock.
Just before night, Liddell's Brigade was ordered to relieve Cheatham's. It soon grew so dark that it was difficult to distinguish friend from foe. While standing in line of battle, a Federal Regiment, the Twenty-second Indiana, marching
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THE YEAR 1862.
in double columns, advanced to within fifty yards of the line, when, supposing they were advancing to attack, they were received by a volley from the Second Arkansas, under Col. Govan, and the Eighth Arkansas, under Colonel Kelley, which, owing to their close formation, absolutely cut down the whole regiment. Less than fifty men escaped unhurt. The Colonel being killed, the Lieutenant-Colonel, in making his report of the engagement, said laconically : "My regiment fell dead at my feet." In this battle, General Cleburne made a brilliant fight with his brigade, and captured a number of prisoners.
About sundown, General Cleburne was slightly wounded. A cannon ball passed through the breast of his gray horse, "Dixie," and in doing so struck his left foot on the instep, bruising it, but not breaking either skin or bone. He mounted another horse and remained on the field until the close of the battle-some two hours after. The Confederate loss was not great. . That of the Federals is stated at 4,348.
A few days later Bragg began his retreat again, moving leisurely along the Cumberland, and afterwards withdrew from the State, and took up a position at Murfreesboro, Ten- nessee. The army reached Cumberland Gap, October 22d.
Shortly after this battle, General Buell was removed from command of the Federal forces, and General Rosecranz was appointed in his stead.
Two engagements, in which Arkansas troops participated, now took place in rapid succession. They were at Iuka Springs, Mississippi, September 19th, and at Corinth, Missis- sippi, October 3d and 4th, 1862.
That at Iuka Springs was little more than a skirmish, with only a few casualties among the Arkansas troops. The en- gagement lasted but a short time, and the brunt of the fight was borne by Colonel Green's Regiment of Missourians.
The battle of Corinth was more serious. When General Beauregard retired from Corinth to Tupelo, in the spring of
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IIISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
1862, the Federal forces advancing had occupied Corinth, and had greatly strengthened and increased the fortifications which they found there. The place was garrisoned by about 20,000 men, under General Rosecranz. Generals Earl Van Dorn and Sterling Price, in command of about an equal number of Confederate troops, moved against it, and although the de- fenses were almost impregnable, attacked with great vigor on the 3d of October. In this attack, they carried a strong outpost, inflicting heavy loss. The next day they endeavored to carry Corinth by storm, but were repulsed with fearful car- nage, and were driven from the field, leaving many dead, wounded and prisoners in the Federal's hands. The Federal loss was stated at 2,357 ; that of the Confederates at 4,707.
The Eighteenth Arkansas, one of the regiments engaged, wasfearfully cut up. Lieutenant-Colonel Daley was wounded, and died the next day. Captain W. N. Parish, commanding after Colonel Daley fell, was wounded in the hip. Lieuten- ant John B. Walker, of Company "H," was wounded. Of the 300 men in this regiment, only 45 escaped injury.
The Sixteenth Arkansas, led by Colonel Provence, and the Seventeenth · Arkansas, by Colonel Lemoyne, were also en- gaged, and suffered greatly. The Seventeenth Arkansas was almost annihilated. They were in Cabell's Brigade, and were the center of a desperate assault on the breastworks at a place called College Hill. General Cabell, who led his bri- gade like a hero, made a gallant dash right up to the works and captured them ; his men, mounting the parapet and leap- ing over the works, drove its defenders in utter rout before them; but the Federals, returning with increased force, drove them back to their original line. In their retreat across the open plain, their heaviest loss occurred, for to go back was certain destruction as much so as to go forward had been. Almost the entire regiment was cut down. Major Dowdle was among the slain.
-
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THE YEAR 1862.
The Nineteenth Arkansas Regiment (Dockery's), went into the charge on the Federal inner breastworks, with 169 men. They suffered terribly in the engagement. The proportion of loss sustained may be judged by the following list of casualties in one company : Company "A."-Killed : privates William Clements and Jack Tatum. Wounded : First Lieutenant H. R. S. Winfrey, First Sergeant S. B. Battle, Second Sergeant John E. Ethridge, privates Wesley McDonald, Q. P. Tucker, Robert Robinson, W. A. Nowlin, Wm. M. Little, J. S. Pilkington and John T. Parkins.
The army coming out of Kentucky had, as we have seen, reached Cumberland Gap on the 22d of October. On the 26th it commenced to snow, and continued for two days, un- til a covering of snow 18 inches deep lay on the ground. The men were without tents, and many of them without shoes, and but poorly furnished with clothing. In the severe weather they experienced great suffering until they reached Loudon, Tennessee, where their baggage had been stored three months before, on their starting for Kentucky.
While at Loudon, Colonel Matt. D. Ector, of the Fourteenth Texas, was promoted to Brigadier-General, and given com- mand of the Texas Brigade formerly commanded by Col- onel T. H. McCray. Colonel McCray, with his regiment, the Thirty-first Arkansas, was added to McNair's Brigade. General Churchill, who had commanded the division com- posed of McNair's and McCray's Brigades, was transferred to the Trans-Mississippi Department, and was placed by General Holmes in command of Arkansas Post. General McCown took command of the division, while General E. Kirby Smith was promoted to Lieutenant-General and commanded an army corps, composed of General Mccown's and Gen- eral Stevenson's Divisions and other detachments of troops in East Tennessee.
General Cleburne was promoted to Major-General on the 13th of December, 1862, and was placed in command of a di-
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
vision formerly commanded by General S. B. Buckner. This promotion was made by President Davis, in person, while on a visit to the Army of Tennessee. After establishing himself at Murfreesboro, General Bragg made certain changes in the disposition of Arkansas troops, of date November 20th, 1862. A new department, called the Department of East Tennessee, was created, and placed in command of Lieutenant-General E. Kirby Smith. In it were the following Arkansas regi- ments : Second Division, commanded by Major-General J. P. McCown; Third Brigade, commanded by Brigadier- General E. McNair; Fourth Arkansas, commanded by Colonel H. G. Bunn; Thirtieth Arkansas, commanded by Colonel W. A. Cotter; Thirty-First Arkansas, commanded by Colonel T. H. McCray ; First Arkansas Rifles, com- manded by Colonel R. W. Harper ; Second Arkansas Rifles, commanded by Colonel J. A. Williamson ; Fourth Arkansas Battalion, commanded by Major J. A. Ross, and Humphrey's Battery.
On the 28th of December the army was moved a short dis- tance out of Murfreesboro, against which place General Rose- cranz was advancing. That night they bivouacked in line of · battle, McCown's Division being placed along the Lebanon Pike, about one mile northeast of town. On the 29th and 30th there was skirmishing and preparations for a great en- counter. The two armies were about evenly matched, num- bering about 40,000 on each side. They met December 3 Ist in a bloody conflict, known as the battle of Murfreesboro.
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