USA > Arkansas > A pictorial history of Arkansas, from earliest times to the year 1890. A full and complete account, embracing the Indian tribes occupying the country; the early French and Spanish explorers and governors; the colonial period; the Louisiana purchase; the periods of the territory, the state, the civil war, and the subsequent period. Also, an extended history of each county in the order of formation, and of the principal cities and towns; together with biographical notices of distinguished and prominent citizens > Part 29
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This brigade operated in the rear of Banks' Army during the siege of Port Hudson, capturing a number of wagons and mules, and taking a number of prisoners, among them Gen- eral Neal Dow. This capture was made by men of the Seventeenth Arkansas.
On the 3Ist of July, 1863, Lieutenant A. Curl was taken prisoner near Natchez, and was sent to Johnson's Island, where he was detained until the close of the war.
After the fall of Port Hudson, the Eleventh and Seven- teenth Regiments remained mostly in Mississippi, though part of them came to Arkansas. While in Mississippi, they had a number of minor engagements. Among other exploits, they captured a gunboat on the Yazoo river. This capture was made by Major B. B. Chism, now Secretary of State, with a few men of the Seventeenth Regiment.
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THE YEAR 1861.
At Keller's Lane, in Louisiana, June 23d, 1863, Lieutenant De Vaughan was wounded. Lieutenant-Colonel Mark Miller was killed in Arkansas, he being with that portion of the com- mand which came west of the Mississippi.
The Twelfth Arkansas Infantry was organized under a commission for the purpose, issued to E. W. Gantt, of Wash- ington, and he became its first Colonel.
The Regiment first went into camp near Memphis, and from there were moved to Fort Donelson. They went through the siege of that place, and were made prisoners at its capitulation, February 16th, 1862. They were exchanged in 1862, and rendezvoused at Jackson, Mississippi.
It was re-organized under the following officers: T. J. Reid, Colonel; E. C. Jordan, Lieutenant-Colonel; John S. Walker, Major; W. L. Hemmingway, Adjutant; C. H. Jonas, Quartermaster.
At the siege of Port Hudson, the following Captains were in command: Company "A," Captain N. W. Stewart ; Company "B," Captain Wm. P. Dohnell; Company "C," Captain N. L. W. Johnson; Company "D," Captain E. P. Linzue; Company "E," Captain W. F. Glasgow; Com- pany "F," Captain J. C. Bowen; Company "G," Captain A. E. Doggett; Company "H," Captain J. E. Inge; Com- pany "I," Captain J. Archer; Company "K," Captain J. B. Davis.
The new regiment, when re-organized, only contained about 200 men, so the field officers were sent to Arkansas to recruit, while the line officers and the men were sent to Port Hudson, and temporarily consolidated with the Eleventh Ar- kansas, Colonel Logan, in General W. N. R. Beall's Bri- gade. On the return of the field officers with recruits the reg- iment became independent again, and participated in the de- fense of Port Hudson, having about 300 men for duty, and were made prisoners at its capitulation, July 9th, 1863. The privates and non-commissioned officers were paroled, and the
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
commissioned officers were sent as prisoners to Johnson's Island, where they remained until about the close of the war, only regaining their liberty at that time. During the siege of Port Hudson, Lieutenant-Colonel E. C. Jordan, Adjutant W. L. Hemmingway and Captain H. L. W. Johnson and many of the men were killed. Upon the death of Lieuten-, ant-Colonel Jordan, Major John S. Walker became Lieuten- ant-Colonel, Captain T. C. Smith became Major, and Lieutenant John R. Thornton became Adjutant, succeeding Lieutenant Hemmingway.
Thirteenth Arkansas Infantry-Field and Staff :- James C. Tappan, Colonel; A. D. Grayson, Lieutenant-Colonel ; J. A. McNeeley, Major.
Company "A," Captain Robert B. Lambert; Company "B," Captain B. C. Crump; Company "C," Captain Ben- jamin Harris ; Company "D," Captain Balfour; Company "E," Captain J. M. Pollard; Company "F," Captain Dunn; Company "G," Captain Shelton; Company "H," Captain Johnson; Company "I," (name unknown); Com- pany "K," George Hunt. Strength of regiment, at or- ganization, about 1,000 men.
It was in the battles of Belmont, November 7th, 1861, and Shiloh, April 6th and 7th, 1862, after which it was re-organ- ized, and was in those of Perryville, Kentucky, October 7th, 1862; Murfreesboro, December 31st, 1862; January 2d, 1863 ; Chickamauga, September 19th and 20th, 1863; Mis- sionary Ridge, November 23d, 24th and 25th, 1863; Ring- gold Gap, November 26th, 1863, and all the battles under Cleburne. Colonel Tappan was promoted to Brigadier-Gen- eral, and transferred to the Trans-Mississippi Department, where he commanded a brigade, composed of Colonel Shaler's Regiment ; Colonel Shaver's Regiment ; the Seventh Arkansas Infantry; Colonel R. L. Dawson's Regiment, the Sixteenth Arkansas ; and Colonel Grinstead's Regiment, taking part in the operations around Little Rock, September roth, 1863,
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THE YEAR 1861.
and in the battles of Jenkins' Ferry, April 30th, 1864; and Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, April 9th, 1864. Lieutenant-Col- onel Grayson, of this regiment, was killed at Shiloh, and Major J. A. McNeeley became Lieutenant-Colonel, and on the promotion of Colonel Tappan became Colonel, R. A. Duncan becoming Major.
The Fifteenth Arkansas Infantry was organized at Mound City, Tennessee, six miles above Memphis, on the Mississippi river, May 14th, 1861, and Patrick R. Cleburne was elected Colonel. He had before that time been Captain of a com- pany which went from Helena to Little Rock, in February, 1861, to assist in the capture of the arsenal there, and which bore the name of the Yell Guards, named after Colonel and Governor Archibald Yell, who fell at the battle of Buena Vista, in the Mexican War. Cleburne was at first a private in the company, but, on a complete organization, was elec- ted Captain ; Edward H. Cowley, First Lieutenant ; James Blackburne, Second Lieutenant; Lucius E. Polk, Third Lieutenant. The company numbered 115 men, and con- tained in its original membership four officers, who be- came Generals; P. R. Cleburne and Thomas C. Hind- man, Major-Generals ; J. C. Tappan, and Lucius E. Polk, Brigadier-Generals. Upon the promotion of Captain Cle- burne, First Lieutenant Edward H. Cowley became Cap- tain of the Yell Rifles. J. K. Patton was Lieutenant- Colonel, and J. T. Harris, Major. Both of these officers were killed at the battle of Shiloh, and Captain Cowley, who acted as Major, after the fall of Major Harris, was wounded in the head.
The regiment soon went to a point on the Mississippi river, afterwards known as Fort Pillow, where, under the direction of Colonel Cleburne, entrenchments were thrown up, and the place was named Fort Cleburne, but the name was afterwards changed to Fort Pillow.
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
In July, 1861, the regiment was moved to Pittman's Ferry, in Randolph county, and placed under command of General W. J. Hardee, who had a force of about 6,000 men there. From here Hardee advanced into Missouri, towards Pilot Knob, and went as far as Greenville. After a stay of a few weeks at Greenville, he returned to Pittman's Ferry, and from there the regiment was transferred east of the Mississippi, and went to Bowling Green, Kentucky, and was placed under the command of General Albert Sidney Johnston. The regiment, up to this time, had been called the First Arkansas Volun- teers, and it became known as the Fifteenth Arkansas Infan- try. During the winter they went under Colonel Cleburne, with one piece of artillery and a squadron of Terry's Texas Rangers, 1,200 men in all, on an expedition against James- town; but the Federals retired without a combat. A short while after this, Colonel Cleburne was made a Brigadier-Gen- eral.
The regiment retreated out of Kentucky, to Corinth, Mis- sissippi, with General Albert Sidney Johnston, in the spring of 1862, and took part in the battle of Shiloh, April 6th and 7th, 1862, where they lost heavily, particularly in officers. They were in General Cleburne's Brigade, and went with him on the expedition into Kentucky, being in Kirby Smith's ad- vance, and took part in the battle of Richmond, August 30th, 1862. They retreated out of Kentucky with General Bragg, and took part in the battle of Murfreesboro, December 3 1st, 1862, and January 2d, 1863 ; and in those of Chickamauga, September 19th and 20th, 1863 ; Missionary Ridge, Novem- ber 23d, 24th and 25th, 1863, and Ringgold Gap, Novem- ber 27th, 1863. By this time its number had become so de- pleted, that in this engagement it was consolidated with the First Arkansas, under command of Colonel John W. Col- quitt. On the 13th of December, 1862, General Cleburne was promoted to Major-General, and the regiment was per- manently consolidated with the Thirteenth Arkansas, and
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THE YEAR 1861.
passed to the Brigade of General Lucius E. Polk, and were in Cleburne's Division and Hardee's Corps, in Johnston and Hood's Army. On the opening of the Campaign of 1864, they took part in the battles of Resaca, May 13th, 14th and 15th, 1864 ; Pickett's Mill, May 26th; Dallas, May 28th ; New Hope Church, May 29th ; Kennesaw Mountain, June 17th to July 3d; Peach Tree Creek, July 20th ; Atlanta, July 22d ; Ezra Church, July 28th ; Jonesboro, August 31st; Franklin, November 30th ; Nashville, December 15th and 16th, 1864; Bentonville, March 19th, 1865, and the remnant surviving surrendered with Johnston in North Carolina, April 18th, 1865. They fought with the utmost gallantry everywhere, and the long list of battles in which they took part will attest their heroic devotion.
The Fifteenth Arkansas Regiment was organized in 1861, with the following officers : James Gee, Colonel; John C. Wright, Lieutenant-Colonel; P. Lynch Lee, Major. Ben. W. Johnson, a private of the company, was afterwards made Adjutant.
The Captains of the regiment were :
Company "A," Captain Proctor ; Company "B," Captain H. Purefoy; Company "C," John C. Wright, but upon his election as Lieutenant-Colonel, Captain L. W. Mathews succeeded him; Company "D," Captain Frank Jordan ; Company "E," Captain Ferguson; Company "F," Captain Alex. Byrne.
At first it consisted of only six companies, and as such en- tered the service ; but upon the breaking up of Colonel Marsh Walker's regiment of Tennesseeans and Arkansans, conse- quent upon his promotion to Brigadier-General, four com- panies were added to it, making ten companies in all.
The original regiment went first to Memphis, and were at Columbus, Kentucky, in the winter of 1861, and were then at Fort Hindman, opposite Fort Henry, in 1862, where they took part in their first engagement. They then were moved
.
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
to Fort Henry, where they worked the guns of the Fort in the attack on that place, and before its surrender escaped to Fort Donelson. At Fort Donelson they were hotly engaged, and fought with the utmost gallantry, losing frightfully. In this battle they charged and took the Federal works outside of the fort-the first heights and the first works they had ever seen. In this engagement they lost fully one-fourth of the entire regiment in killed and wounded. Captain Frank Jor- dan, of Company "D," was killed and Adjutant Ben. W. Johnson was wounded.
The entire regiment, men and officers, were made prison- ers in the capitulation. The men were sent as prisoners to Camp Butler, and the officers to Alton penitentiary, used as a military prison, then to Camp Chase, and then to Fort War- ren. Lieutenant-Colonel John C. Wright escaped from prison, and coming west to the Mississippi river, was assigned to duty under General Hindman. The remainder of the of- ficers were all exchanged in 1862, and rendezvousing near Jackson, Mississippi, the regiment was re-organized.
The following were the officers after the re-organization : Ben. W. Johnson, of Camden, Colonel ; P. L. Lee, Lieuten- ant-Colonel; W. E. Steward, Major ; J. E. Baker, Adjutant.
The following were the Captains of the several companies composing the regiment :
Company "A," Captain John Stevenson ; Company "B," Captain Joseph Daniels ; Company "C," Captain James Franklin; Company "D," Captain John Hubbard; Com- pany "E," Captain Ed. Wilson; Company "F," Captain William Walker; Company "G," Captain Al. Reed; Com- pany "H," Captain Wilkerson; Company "I," Captain L. W. Matthews; Company "K," Captain McClung.
After the re-organization they took part in the battles of Cross' Landing, Louisiana; Greenfield; Plain's Store ; Neal's Field, where, with the First Alabama and Thirteenth Mississippi, they defeated a much larger force of Federals ;
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THE YEAR 1861.
and were in the siege of Port Hudson, on the capitulation of which they were made prisoners, and remained so to the close of the war. Their loss in the siege was very great. They went into it 484 strong, but at the surrender had only 92 men on their feet. Captain Stevenson, of Company "A," was wounded, and died from his wounds while in prison ; Captain Reed, Company "G," was killed May 29th; Captain Hub- bard, of Company "D," was killed; and Captain Ed. Wil- son was wounded by the concussion of a shell, from the" effects of which he ultimately died. The regiment was com- posed of splendid fighting material, and made as gallant sol- diers as ever composed any army.
The Sixteenth Regiment of Arkansas Infantry was organ- ized at Calahan's Springs, in Benton county, Arkansas, within one-fourth mile of the site of the town of Rogers, since built.
The organization of the regiment was as follows: Colonel John F. Hill, from Johnson county; Lieutenant-Colonel Wm. T. Neal, from Washington county, Major Farmer, from Johnson county ; Adjutant Benjamin F. Pixley, Second Lieutenant, Company "G;" Assistant Quartermaster, A. M. Ward, of Johnson county.
The Captains of the various companies were as follows : Company "A," Captain L. N. C. Swaggerty, from Johnson county ; Company "B," Captain Turner, from Johnson county; Company "C," Captain John Connelly, from John- son county ; Company "D," Captain Wm. Baily, from Car- roll county ; Company "F," Captain Goodnight, from Stone county ; Company "G," Captain J. P. Carnahan, from Wash- ington county ; Company "H," Captain Kelly, from Pike county ; Company "I," Captain Daniel Boon, from Madison county ; Company "K," Captain John Lawrence, from Searcy county.
The regiment was re-organized early in November, 1861, and was quartered at Elm Springs until February 16th, 1862, when it broke camp, and met General Price's Army there
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
414
on the retreat from Missouri. It fell back with that Army to Boston Mountain. Early in March it advanced upon Gen- eral Curtis, and took part in the battle of Pea Ridge, or Elk Horn. The regiment was on the extreme right of the Army; in line, as it then faced. General McCulloch was killed in the immediate front of, and not more than 60 yards from, the regiment. It charged the Federals over his body. It was then in Hebert's Brigade.
The Army fell back to Frog Bayou, below Van Buren. About this time the regiment was brigaded with four Mis- souri regiments, at times commanded by Colonel F. Cocke- rell, now of the United States Senate; Colonel Elijah Gates, late Treasurer of Missouri; Colonel Pritchard, killed at Corinth, and Colonel McCowan.
The brigade was commanded by General Little. The regiment went with General Price to Corinth, Mississippi, early in April, and arrived just after the battle of Shiloh.
The Army was re-organized while at Corinth, in May, 1862, when the following changes were made : Colonel David Province, formerly Captain of Battery; B. F. Pixlee, for- merly Lieutenant of Company "G," Lieutenant-Colonel ; J. M. Pittman, Major; John S. Tutt, Adjutant; David Bron- augh, Sergeant-Major; Arch. S. McKennon, First Lieuten- ant of Company "E," Acting Assistant Quartermaster ; Sam Hays, Second Lieutenant of Company "G," Acting Com- missary.
COMPANIES :
Company "A," Captain L. N. C. Swaggerty ; Company "B," Captain Jesse L. Cravens; Company "C," Captain James Gearwood ; Company "D," Captain E. G. Mitchel; Company "F," Captain William B. Stevens; Company "G," Captain J. P. Carnahan ; Company "H," Captain G. D. R. Preston, afterwards John B. Cloud ; Company "I," Captain Daniel Boone ; Company "K," Captain James Waldon.
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THE YEAR 1861.
The regiment took part in several skirmishes before the evacuation of Corinth. In September, 1862, it was engaged in the battle of Iuka, Mississippi, in which Brigadier-General Little was killed. The brigade was then placed under com- mand of Colonel Elijah Gates.
In October, 1862, it took part in the attack on Corinth, in which quite a number of men and officers were killed and wounded. Shortly afterwards, it was detached from the First Missouri Brigade, and brigaded with other Arkansas troops. . This occurred at Holly Springs, Mississippi. This brigade was commanded by Colonel Jordan E. Cravens. In a few days it was detached, and with the Twenty-third Arkansas, Colonel O. P. Lyles ; Eighteenth Arkansas, Colonel Robert H. Crockett, and Fourteenth Arkansas, Colonel Pleasant Fowler, was sent to Port Hudson, Louisiana, when it was brigaded with these troops, and the Eleventh Arkansas, Col- onel Logan; Twelfth Arkansas, Colonel Reed; Fifteenth Arkansas, Colonel Ben. Johnson, and Seventeenth Arkansas, Colonel Griffith, also Wilson's Battalion Arkansas Infantry. At this place they were commanded by Brigadier-General William N. R. Beall. They remained at Port Hudson until the siege of that place; took part in the siege, which lasted 48 days, and were captured by General N. P. Banks, at the surrender of that place, on the 9th of July, 1863.
During the siege the regiment lost quite a number of men and officers, among whom was Lieutenant-Colonel B. F. Pixlee. Thereupon the following promotions were made : Ma- jor M. Pittman, to Lieutenant-Colonel; Captain L. N. C. Swaggerty, to Major; Lieutenant Jesse Adams, to Captain of Company "A."
The men were paroled, and the officers sent to Johnson's Island, Ohio, where they were retained as prisoners until the close of the war. Some of the officers, however, escaped after the place capitulated. Among these were Captain Daniel Boone, and Lieutenants G. J. Crump and Bill McConnel
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
who jumped from the transport while en route to prison, and swam ashore. Captain Cravens, Lieutenants Wilson and Bailey, and Captain Paynor, escaped through the lines.
These officers afterwards collected as many of the men as could be got together, consolidated with fragments of other regiments, and fought during the war, but the individuality of the regiment was destroyed at the surrender of Port Hud- son.
In August, 1861, Colonel Sam W. Williams resigned as a member of the Military Board, and obtained from the Board authority to raise a regiment to rendezvous at Dardanelle. With the assistance of George W. Lemoyne, who raised four companies, the regiment was organized with nine companies, and was numbered the Seventeenth Arkansas Infantry Regi- ment. Colonel Williams yielded to Lemoyne the position of Colonel of the regiment, and he was commissioned as such.
The following were the field and staff officers : George W. Lemoyne, Colonel ; Sam W. Williams, Lieutenant-Colonel; Lawrence, of Danville, Major; William A. Dowdle, Adjutant.
COMPANIES.
Company "A," from Conway county, Captain J. M. Dowdle; Company "B," from Conway county, Captain Bryan B. King; Company "C," from Pope county, Cap- tain Harsell; Company "D," from Yell county, Captain John Mills; Company "E,"' from Johnson county, Captain John Perry; Lieutenants Shropshire and Mears; Company "F," from Yell county, Captain Bone ; Company "G," from Prairie county, Captain Bull; Company "H," from Pope county (name unknown) ; Company "I," from Yell county, Captain William Herrod.
Major Lawrence was killed at Des Arc, on the way to Pocahontas, and William A. Dowdle became Major, and was killed at the battle of Corinth. Jordan E. Cravens, of Com- pany "G," became Major. The regiment went first to Fort
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THE YEAR 1861.
Pillow, where they remained some time. They were in the battle of Corinth, October 3d and 4th, 1862, in Cabell's Bri- gade, where they fought with the utmost heroism, and were almost annihilated. After this battle, so few of them being left, they were consolidated with the Twenty-first Arkansas, Colonel McCarver's Regiment, and Jordan E. Cravens, who had been a private in Company "G," was elected Colonel of the Consolidated Regiment, which was thereafter called the Twenty-first Arkansas. They were then moved back of Vicksburg, and took part in the battles against Grant on Black river, May 17th, 1863. They were then moved into Vicksburg, and went through the siege, there constituting a part of the force which for so long a time defended that point, and were surrendered at its capitulation, July 4th, 1863, and were paroled, the officers going to prison. In the engage- ment on Big Black river, Colonel Cravens, with other regi- mental officers, were made prisoners, and were sent to John- son's Island.
The Seventeenth Arkansas Infantry (the Second regiment with that number) was organized at Bentonville, Arkansas. The first officers were Frank Rector, Colonel ; John Griffith, Lieutenant-Colonel-both being of Fort Smith. In a short while the regiment was moved east of the Mississippi river, and was re-organized at Tupelo, Mississippi. On the re- organization the following became the officers : John Griffith, Colonel; - Dodson, Lieutenant-Colonel; B. F. Jett, Major.
The companies were commanded by Captains Cliff Thom- ason, - Van Hoose, E. D. Jett, David Arbuckle, - Sparks, and Ed. Adams.
All the companies were Northwest Arkansas men, except Captain E. D. Jett's Company, which was from Hempstead county. The regiment took part in the battles of Elkhorn, March 7th, 1862; Iuka Springs, September 19th; Corinth, 27
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
October 4th, 1862, and the siege of Port Hudson ; operations at which commenced March 14th, 1863, by an attack from the fleet, and ended July 9th, by the capitulation of the garrison. While at Port Hudson, the Seventeenth and Eleventh Regiments were consolidated and placed under the command of Colonel John Griffith. When the investiture of the fort was made, May 28th, some of the companies of the Eleventh Regiment were outside the fort and made their way to the Trans-Mississippi Department in safety. The Seventeenth's officers and men were made prisoners in the capitulation of the fort. The commissioned officers were carried as prisoners to Johnson's Island, where they were kept until March 2Ist, 1865, when they were started through on exchange, and reaching Point Lookout, Maryland, were de- tained there several weeks, during which time Lee's surren- der took place. They were then transferred to Fort Dela- ware, where they remained about two months; when the war having entirely closed, they were set at liberty. This ap- plied to all other officers who were prisoners at Johnson's Island, as well as those of the Seventeenth Regiment. The non-commissioned officers and privates were placed on parole and allowed to return home until exchanged.
Hon. Ben. B. Chism, Secretary of State, from 1889 to 1891, was a member of Captain David Arbuckle's Company, in this regiment, and commanded the company at the age of 18 years, after the capture of Captain Arbuckle, at Port Hudson.
The Eighteenth Arkansas was mustered in at Devall's Bluff. The field and staff officers were: D. W. Carroll, of Pine Bluff, Colonel ; John J. Daly, of Camden, Lieutenant- Colonel; Robert H. Crockett, of Dewitt, Major.
COMPANIES.
Company "A," Captain - Thompson. Company "B," Captain R. M. Thrasher. Company "C," Captain James Peel. Company "D," Captain - Robertson. Company "E," Captain - Barnett. Company "G," Captain Chas.
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THE YEAR 1861.
Lynch ; First Lieutenant, Charles Moore. Company "H," Captain W. N. Parish; First Lieutenant, John B. Walker ; Second Lieutenant, - Isaacs ; Third Lieutenant, John W. Jay, This company was enlisted from Saline and Pulaski
counties. Company "I," Captain Samuel Sutherland. Company "K," D. W. Carroll, Captain ; but upon his be- coming Colonel of the Regiment, W. F. Owen, of Pine Bluff, became Captain ; James Hellums, First Lieutenant ; Pink Adkins, Second Lieutenant. Enlisted from Jefferson county.
The regiment when first organized was a very full com- mand, and numbered over 1,000. They went first to Fort Pillow, Kentucky, where from the wretched drinking water which they were compelled to use and other causes, great sickness and mortality prevailed. From there they were transferred to Corinth, Mississippi, where they fared no better, over half of the regiment being down sick. Among these, Colonel D. W. Carroll became so ill and broken in health that he was compelled to relinquish his command, and Lieu- tenant-Colonel J. J. Daly thereupon became Colonel. The regiment took part in the battle of Iuka Springs, September 16th, 1862, and the battle of Corinth, October 4th, 1862, and were fearfully cut to pieces. Of all who went into the battle . of Corinth, about 300 men, only 43 were left unhurt. Col- onel Daly was killed, being mortally wounded and died the nextday. Upon his fall, the Major of the regiment being away on detached service, Captain W. Nelson Parish, of Com- pany "H," took command of the regiment, and led it during the remainder of the battle. He was wounded in the hip. Lieutenant John B. Walker, of Company "H," was shot through the leg. Captain Parish was promoted from Captain to Lieutenant-Colonel, for his gallant conduct on this day, Major Robert H. Crockett, becoming Colonel of the regiment by promotion. The regiment was then moved to Port Hudson, went through the siege, and were made prisoners at its capitulation. The officers were
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