USA > California > A memorial and biographical history of northern California, illustrated. Containing a history of this important section of the Pacific coast from the earliest period of its occupancy...and biographical mention of many of its most eminent pioneers and also of prominent citizens of today > Part 15
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98 | Part 99 | Part 100 | Part 101 | Part 102 | Part 103 | Part 104 | Part 105 | Part 106 | Part 107 | Part 108 | Part 109 | Part 110 | Part 111 | Part 112 | Part 113 | Part 114 | Part 115 | Part 116 | Part 117 | Part 118 | Part 119 | Part 120 | Part 121 | Part 122 | Part 123 | Part 124 | Part 125 | Part 126 | Part 127 | Part 128 | Part 129 | Part 130 | Part 131
After the conquest, and especially after the discovery of gold had led to the wild rush of men from all over the world and people a country before almost unknown save to the naked and barbarous natives, the courts became seriously disorganized, or rather failed to be organized at all.
GOVERNORS OF CALIFORNIA.
NAMES.
From. To.
Under Sanish Rule.
Gaspar de Portala
1767
1771
Stevenson, D. C.
. Millville.
Stuart, C. V.
.Glen Ellen.
Sweasey, W. J.
. Eureka.
Tinnin, W. J ..
Weaverville.
Townsend, F. O.
Ukiah.
Turner, Henry, K.
Sierra Valley.
Walker, Hugh.
. Olema.
Wickes, John T
. Grass Valley.
Wilson, H. C.
Tehama City.
81
HISTORY OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.
January 8, 1852; re-elected September 7, 1853; inaugu- rated January 7, 1854. Died at Sacramento, November 29,*1871.
J. Neely Johnson, elected September 5, 1855; inaugu- rated January 9, 1856. Died at Salt Lake August 31, 1872. John B. Weller, elected September 2, 1857; inaugurated January 8, 1858. Died at New Orleans, August 17, 1875.
Milton S. Latham, elected September 7, 1859; inaugu- rated January 9, 1860; resigned January 11, 1860. Died at New York, March 4, 1882.
John G. Downey (Lieutenant-Governor), inaugurated January 14, 1860.
Leland Stanford, elected September 4, 1861; inaugu- rated January 10, 1862.
Frederick F. Low, elected September 2, 1863; inaugu- rated December 10, 1863.
Henry H. Haight, elected September 4, 1867; inaugu- rated December 5, 1867. Died at San Francisco, Septem- ber 2, 1878.
Newton Booth, elected September 6, 1871 ; inaugurated December 8, 1871; resigned February 27, 1875.
Romualdo Pacheco (Lieutenant-Governor), inaugurated February 27, 1875.
William Irwin, elected September 1, 1875; inaugurated December 9, 1875. Died at San Francisco, March 15, 1886.
George C. Perkins, elected September 3, 1879; inaugu- rated January 8, 1880.
George Stoneman, elected November 7, 1882; inaugu- rated January 10, 1883.
Washington Bartlett, elected November 2, 1886; inaugu" rated January 8, 1887. Died in office at Oakland, Sep- tember 12, 1887.
R. W. Waterman (Lieutenant-Governor), inaugurated September 13, 1887.
UNITED STATES SENATORS.
John C. Fremont, elected December 20, 1849; term commenced December 20, 1849.
William M. Gwin, elected December 20, 1849; term commenced December 20, 1849.
John B. Weller, elected January 30, 1852, to succeed Fremont ; term commenced March 4, 1851, The former Legislature had failed to elect, and hence the unfilled vacancy. Weller was afterward Governor.
David C. Broderick, elected January 10, 1857, to suc- ceed Weller; term commenced March 4, 1857. He had been Lieutenant-Governor.
William M. Gwin, elected January 13, 1857, to succeed himself; term commenced March 4, 1855. Former Leg- islature had failed to elect, and hence the uufilled va- cancy. He died at New York September 3, 1885.
Henry P. Haun, appointed by Governor Weller to suc- ceed Broderick, deceased, October 26, 1859. He died at Marysville June 6, 1860.
Milton S. Latham, elected to serve out the balance of Broderick's term, January 11, 1860. He bad been Gov. ernor.
James A. McDougall, elected April 2, 1861, to succeed
Gwin; term commenced March 4, 1861. He had been Attorney-General.
John Conness, elected February 10, 1863, to succeed Latham; term commenced March 4, 1863.
Cornelius Cole, elected December 16, 1865, to succeed McDougall; term commenced March 4, 1867.
Eugene Casserly, elected December 20, 1867, to suc- ceed Conness ; term commenced March 4, 1869; resigned November 28, 1873. He had been State Printer.
Aaron A. Sargent, elected December 20, 1871, to suc- ceed Cole ; term commenced March 4, 1873. He died at San Francisco August 14, 1887.
John S. Hager, elected for short term to fill Casserly's vacancy, December 23, 1873.
Newton Booth, elected December 20, 1873, to succeed the Casserly term; term commenced March 4, 1875.
James T. Farley, elected December 19, 1877, to succeed Sargent; term commenced March 4, 1879. He died at Jackson, January 22, 1886.
John F. Miller, elected January 12, 1881, to succeed Booth ; term commenced March 4, 1881. He died in office at Washington March 8, 1886.
Leland Stanford, elected January 28, 1885, to succeed Farley ; term commenced March 4, 1885.
George Hearst, appointed by Governor Stoneman, March 23, 1886, to serve on term of Miller, deceased.
A. P. Williams, elected August 4, 1886, to serve out Miller's unexpired term.
George Hearst, elected January 19, 1887, to succeed Williams; term commenced March 4, 1887.
STATE SENATORS FROM NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.
J. P. Abbott, Marin and Contra Costa, 1887.
Alonzo W. Adams, Butte, Shasta, etc., 1851.
Isaac Allen, Yuba, 1858-'59.
Francis Anderson, Sierra, 1863.
James Anderson, Placer, 1858-'60.
W. L. Anderson, Napa, Lake and Sonoma, 1880-'81.
James H. Baker, Placer, 1858-'59.
F. T. Baldwin, San Joaquin, 1883-'85.
S. A. Ballou, Plumas and Butte, 1859-'60.
E. M. Banvard, Placer, 1869-'72.
Horace Beach, Yuba and Sutter, 1867-'70.
James Beazell, Alameda, 1875-'78.
Samuel B. Bell, Alameda and Santa Clara, 1857-'58.
David Belden, Nevada, 1865-'68.
J. E. Benton, Sacramento, 1863-'66.
J. Berry, Klamath, Siskiyou, etc., 1858-'59. John Bidwell, Sacramento, 1849-'50.
J. C. Birdseye, Nevada, 1863.
John Boggs, Colusa, etc., 1871-'74, 1887.
J. W. Bones, Alameda, 1877-'78.
Newton Booth, Sacramento, 1863.
David Boucher, Plumas, 1871-'72.
B. T. Bradley, Amador and Calaveras, 1859-'60.
E. L. Bradley, Placer, 1883.
J. M. Briceland, Trinity, Siskiyou, etc., 1849-'52.
F. M. Brown, San Joaquin, 1877-'78.
Wm. II. Brown, El Dorado and Alpine, 1877-'81.
82
HISTORY OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.
Charles H. Bryan, Yuba and Sutter, 1854. L. W. Buck, Solano and Yolo, 1883.
John C. Burch, Humboldt and Trinity, 1858-'59. R. Burnell, Amador, 1862-'64. Wm. Burnett, Sonoma, 1869-'70. W. C. Burnett, Yuha and Sutter, 1856-'57. S. B. Burt, Placer, 1880-'81.
E. F. Burton, Nevada, 1855-'56, 1858-'59.
Marshall Bynum, Napa, Solano and Yolo, 1980-'81, '87. A. Caminetti, Amador and Calaveras, 1887.
A. B. Carlock, Modoc, Shasta and Trinity, 1880-'81. G. J. Carpenter, El Dorado, 1857-'58.
A. P. Catlin, Sacramento, 1853-'54.
C. H. Chamberlain, San Joaquin, 1862-'63.
A. L. Chandler, Yuba and Sutter, 1883-'87.
J. N. Chappell, Shasta and Trinity, 1867-'70.
S. H. Chase, Nevada, 1857-'58, 1860-'61. W. A. Cheney, Butte, Plumas and Lassen, 1880-'81.
Robert C. Clark, Sacramento, 1860-'61.
G. W. Colby, Sacramento, 1854-'55. John C. Colman, Nevada, 1877-'78. A. Comte, Jr., 1869-'72.
John Conley, Butte, Plumas, etc., 1867-'70.
Martin E. Cooke, Sonoma, etc., 1851-'52.
John D. Cosby, Trinity and Kiamath, 1856-'57.
John Coulter, Butte and Plumas, 1858.
Fred Cox, Sacramento, 1883-'85.
Dwight Crandall, Amador and Calaveras, 1856-'57.
A. M. Crane, Alameda, 1862-'63.
L. D. Crane, Yuba aud Sutter, 1871-'74.
W. H. Crane, Butte, etc., 1877-'78.
W. W. Crane, Jr., Alameda, 1863-'64.
John T. Crenshaw, Nevada, 1854-'55.
R. D. Crittenden, El Dorado, 1860-'61.
E. O. Crosby, Sacramento, 1849-'50.
E. O. Crosby, Yuba and Sutter, 1851.
C. W. Cross, Nevada and Sierra, 1883-'85.
Lewis Cunningham, Yuba, 1863-'66. N. Green Curtis, Sacramento, 1867-'70, 1877-'78. E. A. Davis, Yuba and Sutter, 1880-'81.
Sherman Day, Alameda and Santa Clara, 1855-'56. J. J. De Haven, Del Norte, Klamath, etc., 1871-'74.
C. E. De Long, Marin, 1885.
George W. Dent, Contra Costa and San Joaquin, 1859, 1860.
A. St. C. Denver, El Dorado, 1859-'62.
James W. Denver, Trinity and Klamath, 1852-'53.
William B. Dickinson, 1853-'61.
M. W. Dixon, Alameda, 1887. J. G. Doll, Colusa and Tehama, 1862-'63. Samuel H. Dosh, Colusa and Shasta, 1856-'57.
D. F. Douglass, San Joaquin, 1849-'50; Calaveras, 1851. F. R. Dray, Sacramento, 1887. James A. Duffy, Sacramento, 1885. Barlow Dyer, Calaveras, 1872-'74.
John A. Eagon, Amador, 1860-'61.
Henry Edgerton, Napa, Yolo and Solano, 1860-'61.
Henry Edgerton, Sacramento, 1873-'76.
W. B. English, Contra Costa and Marin, 1883.
James M. Estell, Napa and Solano, 1852-'53. Geo. S. Evans, San Joaquin, 1863-'66, 1872-'78.
S. Ewer, Butte, Plumas, etc., 1865-'68.
James T. Farley, Amador and Alpine, 1869-'70. W. I. Ferguson, Sacramento, 1856-'58. W. T. Ferguson, Sierra, 1857-'58.
J. A. Filcher, Placer, 1883-'85. Henry M. Fiske, El Dorado, 1856-'57,
C. F. Foster, Colusa and Tehama, 1883-'85.
L. M. Foulke, Siskiyou, 1863-'64. Thomas Fraser, El Dorado, 1873-'76, 1883.
A. French, El Dorado, 1855-'56. Jacob Frye, Placer, 1852. P. A. Gallagher, Calaveras, 1561-'62. James H. Gardner, Sierra, 1854.
E. Carter, Shasta, etc., 1858-'59.
R. C. Gaskill, Butte, etc., 1862-'64.
William George, Nevada and Sierra, 1880-'81.
H. C. Gesford, Yolo and Napa, 1887.
Edward Gibbons, Alameda, 1873-'76.
B. B. Glasscock, Colusa and Tehama, 1880-'81.
David Goodale, Contra Costa and Marin, 1871-'74.
Jesse O. Goodwiu, Yuba and Sutter, 1857-'58, 1877-'78.
A. S. Gove, Sacramento, 1855-'56.
G. G. Goucher, Alpine, Mariposa, etc., 1887.
J. J. Green, Contra Costa and Marin, 1867-'70. Thomas J. Green, Sacramento. 1849-'51.
Humphrey Griffith, Solano, Yolo and Napa, 1858-'59.
Jacob Gruwe!], Contra Costa and Santa Clara, 1853-'54.
W. M. Gwin, Jr., Calaveras, etc, 1870-'72, 1877-'78.
James E. Hale, Placer, 1863-'66.
A. P. 1Iall, Placer and El Dorado, 1887.
J. T. Hall, Solano aud Yolo, 1863-'64.
S. F. Hamm, El Dorado, 1858-'59. Thos. Hardy, Calaveras, 1865-'68.
J. H. Harlan, Solauo aud Yolo, 1880-'81.
W. D. Harriman, Placer, 1862-'63. A. S. Hart, Butte and Plumas, 1858-'59.
C. Hartson, Napa, Lake, etc., 1863-'66.
O. Harvey, El Dorado, 1861-'63.
C. S. Haskell, Yuba and Sutter, 1863-'64.
J. C. Hawthorne, Placer, 1855-'56.
Creed Haymond, Sacramento, 1875-'78.
John P. Haynes, Humboldt, etc., 1860-'61, 1887.
E. H. Heacock, Sacramento, 1861-'62, 1863-'68.
H. P. Heintzelman, Sonoma and Marin, 1855-'56.
W. C. Hendricks, Butte, Plumas, etc., 1873-'76.
A. C. Henry, El Dorado, 1863-'64. William Higby, Calaveras, 1863. F. B. Higgins, Placer, 1863.
S. G. Hilborn, Solano and Yolo, 1875-'78.
John H. Hill, Sonoma, Marin, etc., 1861-'62.
William McP. Hill, Sonoma, Napa and Lake, 1875-'78.
E. C. Hinshaw, Sonoma, 1887. William Holden, Lake, Napa, etc., 1862-'63.
G. W. Hook, El Dorado, 1854-'56.
Rienzi Hopkins, Calaveras, 1873-'76.
A. T. Hudson, Amador and San Joaquin, 1880-'81.
J. M. ITudspeth, Sonoma, Mariu, etc., 1853-'54.
83
HISTORY OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.
G. W. Hunter, El Dorado, 1867-'70. B. G. Hurlburt, Humboldt, 1885.
S. C. Hutchings, Sutter and Yuba, 1869-'72. Richard Irwin, Butte and Plumas, 1861-'62. William Irwin, Siskiyou, 1869-'74. George A. Johnson, Sonoma, 1883-'85. Grove L. Johnson, Sacramento, 1880-'81. James Johnson, El Dorado, 1865-'68. Josiah Johnson, Sacramento, 1880-'81. William Johnston, Sacramento, 1880-'81. Albert F. Jones, Butte, 1887. John P. Jones, Shasta and Trinity, 1863-'66.
.
K. E. Kelly, Solano and Yolo, 1883. W. W. Kellogg, Butte, Plumas, etc., 1883-'85. B. F. Keene, El Dorado, 1852-'55. Charles Kent, Nevada, 1871-'74. L. M. Ketcham, Amador and Calaveras, 1858-'59. Philip W. Keyser, Sutter, 1852. William Kimball, Sierra, 1862. Joseph Kutz, Nevada, 1862-'66. John Lambert, Yolo and Solano, 1877-'78.
R. M. Lampson, Calaveras and Tuolumne, 1880-'81. B. F. Langford, Amador and San Joaquin, 1880-'89. C. J. Lansing, Nevada, 1859-'60. Henry Larkin, El Dorado, 1869-'79. C. A. Leake, Calaveras, 1854-'55. S. T. Leet, Placer, 1860-'61. W. H. Leonard, Calaveras, 1863-'66.
E. J. Lewis, Colusa and Tehama, 1867-'70, 1875-'78.
J. E. N. Lewis, Butte and Shasta, 1852.
William T. Lewis, Amador and Calaveras, 1858, 1862, 1863.
John Y. Lind, Amador and Calaveras, 1852-'53.
B. S. Lippincott, San Joaquin, 1849-'50.
C. E. Lippincott, Yuba, 1855-'56. H. G. Livermore, El Dorado, 1854. J. Logan, Colusa, Shasta, etc., 1860-'61.
Charles F. Lott, Butte, 1852-'53. William H. Lyons, Nevada, 1853-'54. F. L. Maddox, El Dorado, 1863-'66. Henry Mahler, El Dorado, 1885. Noble Martin, Placer, 1873-'76
W. B. May, Trinity, Klamath, etc., 1854-'55.
J. G. McCallum, El Dorado, 1856-'57.
W. H. McCoun, Contra Costra and San Joaquin, 1855, 1856.
James McCudden, Solano, 1887. H. E. McCune, Solano and Yolo, 1873-'76.
H. J. McCussick, El Dorado 1871-'74. Edward McGarry, Napa, Solano and Yolo, 1854-'55. R. McGarvey, Mendocino, etc., 1875-'78.
John B. McGee, Butte and Plumas, 1856-'57.
J. C. Mckibben, Yuba, 1852-'53. John McMurray, Shasta and Trinity, 1871-'74. James H. McNabb, Sonoma, 1863. A. R. Meloney, Contra Costa and San Joaquin, 1857-'58. R. S. Mesick, Yuba, 1857-'58. William Minis, Yolo and Solano, 1869-'72. L. B. Misner, Yolo and Solano, 1865-'68.
F. J. Moffitt, Alameda, 1887.
W. W. Moreland, Sonoma, 1880-'81. D. L. Morrill, Calaveras, 1867-'70. J. W. Moyle, Sierra, 1863-'64. L. H. Murch, Del Norte, Klamath, etc., 1867-'70. S. Myers, San Joaquin, 1863-'66. Jacob H. Neff, Placer, 1871-'74. A. B. Nixon, Sacramento, 1862-'63. W. B. Norman, Amador and Calaveras, 1855-'57. William C. Norton, Placer, 1877-'78. Stephen G. Nye, Alameda, 1880-'81. M. P. O'Connor, Nevada, 1869-'76.
Jasper O'Farrell, Sonoma, 1859-'60. N. M. Orr, San Joaquin, 1869-'70. George Oulton, Siskiyou, 1862-'63. W. B. Parker, Solano, 1885.
W. H. Parks, Sutter and Yuba, 1859-'60.
W. H. Patterson, Modoc, Lassen, etc., 1887. George Pearce, Sonoma, 1863-'68.
E. T. Peck, Butte, 1854-'55.
William W. Pendegast, Napa, Lake, etc., 1867-'74. George C. Perkins, Butte, Lassen, etc., 1869-'74.
J. E. Perley, San Joaquin, 1867-'68.
C. B. Porter, Contra Costa and Marin, 1863-'66. Nathan Porter, Alameda, 1877-'78.
O. B. Powers, Solano and Yolo, 1862-'63.
L. E. Pratt, Sierra, 1865-'68. Johnson Price, Sacramento, 1859. James H. Ralston, Sacramento, 1852-'53. Daniel Ream, Siskiyou, etc., 1877-'78.
C. D. Reynolds, Calaveras and Tuolumne, 1883-'84.
R. A. Redman, Alameda and Santa Clara, 1859-'60.
A. L. Rhodes, Alameda and Santa Clara, 1869-'70. E. W. Roberts, Nevada, 1863-'70.
II. E. Robinson, Sacramento, 1849-'52. Henry Robinson, Alameda, 1865-'68.
A. H. Rose, Amador and Alpine, 1865-'68.
Joseph Routier, Sacramento, 1883-'85.
J. A. Rush, Colusa and Tehama, 1863-'66. P. C. Rust, Yuba and Sutter, 1855-'56. James T. Ryan, Trinity and Humboldt, 1860-'61. P. H. Ryan, Humboldt, etc., 1880-'83.
E. D. Sawyer, Calaveras, 1854. A. H. Saxton, El Dorado, 1863. John D. Scellen, Sierra, 1855-'56. Niles Searls, Nevada aud Sierra, 1877-'78.
W. H. Sears, Contra Costa and Marin, 1880-'81.
Thomas B. Shannon, Plumas, 1863.
J. Shepard, Calaveras, 1863-'64. Paul Shirley, Contra Costa and Marin, 1875-'78.
Benjamin Shurtleff, Shasta and Trinity, 1862-'63. Samuel B. Smith, Sutter, 1853-'54. Jonas Spect, Sonoma, 1849-'50. Dennis Spencer, Napa, Sonoma, etc., 1883-'85. S. Spencer, Yuba and Sutter, 1873-'76.
Royal T. Sprague, Shasta, etc., 1852-'55.
James G. Stebbins, Yuba and Sutter, 1854-'55. A. W. Taliaferro, Marin and Sonoma, 1857-'58. Clay W. Taylor, Shasta, Modoc, etc., 1883-'85.
84
HISTORY OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.
E. Teegarden, Sutter and Yuba, 1865-'69.
Napa. .
1,763
1,496
13 42
Philip W. Thomas, Placer, 1861-'62.
Nevada.
.2,167
1,923
7 95
Harry I. Thornton, Sierra, 1861.
Placer.
1,761
1,547
6
50
W. J. Tinnin, Shasta, Trinity, etc., 1875-'76.
Plumas.
648
570
3
9
Sacramento
.4,769
3,447
76
108
Edward Tompkins, Alameda, 1869-'72.
San Joaquin
2,829
2,823
43
286
H. K. Turner, Nevada and Sierra, 1869-'76.
Shasta
.1,490
1,395
2
51
B. F. Tuttle, Sonoma, 1871-'76.
Sierra
1,004
689
2
...
Charles A. Tuttle, Placer, 1854-'55.
Siskiyou
1,361
1,459
5
20
Charles A. Tweed, Placer, 1867-'70.
Solano
.2,:34
2,162
9
94
M. G. Vallejo, Sonoma, 1849-'50.
Sonoma
.3,293
3,394
93
154
T. B. Van Buren, San Joaquin, 1:51-'52.
Sutter.
725
698
1
53
Tehama
1,181
1,290
2
34
Walter Van Dyke, Humboldt, etc., 1862-'63.
Trinity.
490
490
4
2
Yolo ..
.1,350
1,580
2
91
Yuba.
.1,130
1,170
48
41
E. Wadsworth, Siskiyou, 1865-'65.
E. G. Waite, Nevada, 1856-'57.
Joseph Walkup, Placer, 1853-'54, 1857.
H. W. Wallis, Nevada and Sierra, 1883-'85.
Austin Walrath, Nevada, 1887.
James Walsh, Nevada, 1852.
John Walton, El Dorado, 1852-'53.
F. M. Warmcastle, San Joaquin, etc., 1861-'62.
H. P. Watkins, Yuba, 1860-'61.
B. J. Watson, Nevada and Sierra, 1880-'81.
William Watt, Nevada, 1861-'62.
J. T. Wendell, Solano and Yolo, 1880-'81.
Charles Westmoreland, Placer, 1856-'57.
E. D. Wheeler, Yuha, etc., 1859-'60. A. P. Whitney, Sonoma, 1877-'78.
George E. Whitney, Alameda, 1883-'85.
L. S. Williams, Trinity and Klamath, 1853.
M. M. Wombough, Yolo and Colusa, 1852-'53.
M. J. Wright, Solano, 1885.
S. P. Wright, Del Norte, Klamath, etc., 1863-'64.
A. Yell, Lake and Mendocino, 1887.
Johu Yule, Placer, 1863-'64.
The political complexion of each county is probably best shown by the vote at the last presidential election, which was as follows:
Rep.
Dem.
Pro.
Alameda.
8,838
5,688
357
Alpine.
53
27
. .
...
Amador
1,373
1,429
11
79
Butte
2,191
2,215
4
127
Calaveras.
1,441
1,302
2
12
Colusa
1,116
2,010
9
41
Contra Costa
1,518
1,177
10
53
Del Norte
244
294
24
14
El Dorado
1,350
1,454
1
61
Humboldt
2,772
2,015
53
75
Lake.
731
867
3
27
Lassen
488
535
2
16
Marin.
936
802
17
16
Mendocino
1,711
2,012
14
91
Modoc.
552.
679
1
46
GEOLOGY.
The geological character of Northern Cali- fornia is too vast for even any outline in our brief history. Some mention of the most re- markable features is made under the heads of the respective counties where they are found. Geological reports scientifically compiled are published, in fragments, but no thorough aud systematie survey has yet been made by the State. It however has published mineralogical reports, the substance of which we have already given under head of mining.
Most geological literature, by the way, is of interest only to the professional geologist. The public generally are not interested in such statements as, "Along the -- ravine were fonud specimens of diorite interspersed among vitrefied masses of metamorphic schist." We may be pardoned, however, for making the three following general observations:
The valleys, once under the sea, have been filled up to their present level by detritus from the mountains, in some places to the depth of a thousand feet or more. Hence the mountains were once much higher and larger than they now are.
From the appearance of old river beds it seems probable that the rivers of Northern California once took their rise much farther to the east than now, draining Nevada and Utah to some extent. A variety of porphyry is found scattered along these old channels, evi-
Isaac S. Titus, El Dorado, 1859-'60.
J. M. Vance, Butte and Plumas, 1860-'61.
T. L. Vermeule, Sau Joaquin, 1849-'50.
Henry Vrooman, Alameda, 1883-'87.
Amer. 201
85
HISTORY OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.
dently from a bed east of the present summit of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. During the cretaceous period, a great volcanic eruption oc- curred burying the country from Central Cali- fornia to British Columbia 200 to 3 000 feet under accumulations of lava. The glacial period followed this.
The collection of diamonds and pearls is be- coming quite an industry of late years along the Sierra Nevada.
The gold-mining interest is noticed at great length elsewhere, and the principal mines, gold, coal, etc., are mentioned in the county sketches on subsequent pages.
BOTANY.
Northern California produces as many inter- esting plants as any other section of its size in the world. Sand and clay, roek and peat, hill and swamp, light and shade, mountain and val- ley, cold and heat,-all are so varied as to favor the highest development of a larger number of species than almost any other part of the world of the same area. A descriptive catalogne is not called for here. In 1882 Dr. Kellogg's in- teresting and unique report was published by the State, and in 1888 the State Board of For- estry, also through the State department, pub- lished a magnificent report, prepared by those eminent botanists of Oakland, Mr. and Mrs. J. G. Lemmon. Asa Gray and Sereno Watson, two of the most eminent botanists of America, have published elaborate and expensive floras of California.
ANIMALS.
Following are brief notices of nearly all the quadrupeds of California:
The grizzly bear (Ursus horribilis) is the largest and most formidable of the quadrupeds. He grows to be four feet high and seven feet long, with a weight, when very large and fat, of a thousand pounds, being the largest of the carnivorous animals, and much heavier than the lion or tiger ever get to be. The grizzly bear, however, as ordinarily seen, does not exceed 800 or 900 pounds in weight. In color the body is
a light grayish brown, dark brown about the ears and along the ridge of the back, and nearly black on the legs. The hair is long, coarse and wiry, and stiff on the top of the neck and be- tween the shoulders. The " grizzly," as he is usually called, was at one time exceedingly numerous for so large an animal; but he offered so much meat for the hunters, and did so much damage to the farmers, that he has been indus- triously hunted, and his numbers have been greatly reduced. The grizzly is very tenacious of life, and he is seldom immediately killed by a single bullet. His thick, wiry hair, tough skin, heavy coats of fat when in good condi- tion, and large bones, go far to protect his vital organs; but he often seems to preserve all his strength and activity for an hour or more after having been shot through the lungs and liver with large rifle balls. He is one of the most dangerous animals to attack. There is much probability that when shot he will not be killed ontright. When merely wounded he is fero- cious; his weight and strength are so great that he " bears " down all opposition before him; and he is very quick, his speed in running being nearly equal to that of the horse. In attack- ing a man, he usually rises on his hind-legs, strikes his enemy with one of his powerful fore-paws, and then commences to bite hin.
The black bear (Ursus Americanus) is found in the timbered sections. Dr. Newberry, speak- ing of the food of the black bear, says: "The subsistence of the black bears in the northern portion of California is evidently, for the most part, vegetable. The manzanita, wild plum, and wild cherry, which fruit profusely, and are very low, assist in making np his bill of fare. The brown, or cinnamon bear, is also com- mon, and is not a different species from the the black bear.
The panther, supposed by Dr. Newberry to be the Felis concolor-the same with the panther found on the Atlantic slope of the con- tinent-las a body larger than that of the com- mon sheep, and a tail 'more than half the length of the body. Its color is dirty white on the
86
HISTORY OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.
belly, and elsewhere a brownish-yellow, mottled with dark tips on all the hairs. The panther is a cowardly animal, and, except when driven by some extraordinary motive, never attacks man. The panther is nocturnal in his habits, and al- ways prefers the night as a time for attacking colts, which are a favorite prey with him.
The California, mountain or silver lion is still occasionally met with in the wildest moun- tain fastnesses.
The American wild-cat (Lynx rufus) is com- mon here.
The gray wolf (Canis occidentalis) is found here, but is not abundant.
The coyote nsed to be very common, and occupied the same place here with that occupied in the Mississippi Valley by the prairie-wolf. Dr. Newberry thinks the two belong to the same species (Canis latrans). The color of the coyote has a reddish tinge. His food consists chiefly of rabbits, grouse, small birds, mice, lizzards and frogs; and in time of scarcity he will eat carrion, grasshoppers, and bugs. He is very fond of poultry, pigs, and lambs, and will destroy almost as many of them as would a fox. He is one of the worst enemies and most troublesome pests of the farmer.
The gray fox (Vulpes Virginianus) is the only animal of that species we know to exist in Northern California, although many years ago, we heard that there were some black foxes. "Silver " and "cross " foxes have been found.
The American badger (Taxidea Americana) nsed to be common here, but they are now nearly extinct.
The black-footed raccoon (Procyon hernan- dezii) is very.common in the forests and along the water courses.
Of the yellow-haired porcupine (Erethizon epicanthus), a few have been found in some sections, but they are very rare.
The mountain-cat, or striped bassaris (Bas- saris astuta). is occasionally found here, bnt are not numerous. The body is about the size of that of the domestic cat, but the nose is very long and sharp, and the tail very long and
large. The color of the animal is dark gray, with rings of black on the tail. The miners call it the " mountain cat," and frequently tame it. It is a favorite pet with them, becomes very playful and familiar, and is far more affectionate than the common cat, which it might replace, for it is very good at catching mice.
The fisher (Mustela Pennanti) is found in some localities; also the chipmunk, woodchuck, otter, raccoon, porcupine, etc.
The yellow-cheeked weasel (Putorius xantho- genys) is found here, but are not numerous.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.