USA > California > A memorial and biographical history of northern California, illustrated. Containing a history of this important section of the Pacific coast from the earliest period of its occupancy...and biographical mention of many of its most eminent pioneers and also of prominent citizens of today > Part 42
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Vallejo is the largest city in Solano County, and a place of great commercial activity. The principal and business part of the city is at North Vallejo, opposite Mare Island, where are the hotels, principal schools, churches, etc. Here are located the grounds and race-track of the Napa and Solano Agricultural Society, which holds fairs at Napa and Vallejo alter- nately. A little north of Vallejo, in a splendid park of twenty acres, is situated the Good Tem- plars' Home for Orphans, a noble charity which was erected by the order of Good Templars at a cost of about $100,000. Work began in 1867 and it was completed and dedicated in 1869. The movers in its erection were W. H. Mills and G. W. Simonton at the suggestion of Mrs. Elvira Baldwin. To these is due all praise. Vallejo has a foundry, a sash and door factory, a large brewery, marble works, and the great Union Pressed Brick and Terra Cotta Works, while at South Vallejo, whence ferry runs to Vallejo Junction on the opposite side of the Sacramento, are the great Starr Flouring Mills, where many ships are loaded for Europe with flour. Vallejo is the terminus of the Napa Valley and Santa Rosa branches of the Southern
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Pacific Railroad. It was formerly also the termins of the California Pacific, large steam- ers conveying passengers thence to San Fran- cisco. When that road passed into the hands of the Central Pacific, Benicia was made the ter- minus and the connection with Vallejo, via Napa Junction and Suisnn is now used for local traffic.
Benicia is one of the most beautiful towns in California, and has also considerable intellectual, manufacturing and commercial activity. One of the most extensive tanneries on the coast is situated here. A large business in salmon can- ning is carried on. The Excelsior Wine Com- pany has large cellars, while the agricultural machinery manufactory of Baker & Hamilton is probably the most extensive in the State and employs a great many men.
Benecia was made a United States Arsenal in 1848, or rather Army Point, the point of land extending furthest into the Sacramento River, and adjoining the town. It is stated that the Government is also about to establish there the ordnance works that have been determined upon for the Pacific Coast. Benicia has also a thriving ship-yard, a brewery and cement works. Educationally Benicia has always been in the lead.
In 1852 was established the Protestant Young Ladies' Seminary, a worthy and prominent in- stitution. In 1853 was founded St. Catharine's Academy by the sisters of St. Dominic, a flour- ishing ladies' school. In 1853, also, was formed the Collegiate Institute, merged in 1867 into St. Augustine's College, which under Bishop Wingfield, Missionary Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church for Northern California, has long been a leading boys' school. In 1870 was founded St. Mary's of the Pacific, a school for girls, no longer in existence.
At Benicia the trains of the Central Pacific Railroad are run upon the monster ferry boat Solano, the largest steamship of its class in the world, and carried across the Sacramento River to Port Costa, where they are again transferred to land. A bridge to span the Sacramento at this point is in contemplation and will donbt- less shortly be built. It will perhaps interest
some to know that Benicia was the old home of the pugnlist John C. Heenan, the " Benicia Boy," who whipped Sayers, the English cham- pion. Benicia is also the home of L. B. Mizner, United States minister to Central America.
VACAVILLE AND THE VALLEY.
Vacaville was founded in 1851, being laid out by William McDaniel for Manuel Baca. It has attained great fame for the early fruits and vegetables of the valley, it being invariably the first to supply the city markets. To the pioneer John R. Wolfskill, belongs the honor of first setting out trees and vines, he having done so in 1842. Pleasants' Valley, near by, which is equally famous, was first settled in 1850 by W. J. Pleasants, a native of Kentucky, and one of the first fruit-growers. A. W. Put- nam and Joli Dolan were the first to make a business of growing early vegetables for market in the Vaca Valley. They began in 1854. Their suceess induced others to undertake it also. Besides vegetables the valley is noted for its fine early cherries, peaches, apricots, table grapes, etc. Vacaville was originally the site of the College of the Methodist Episcopal Church Sonth, though it was subsequently re- moved to Santa Rosa. The California Normal College situated there is an excellent institution. A branch line of the railroad was built to Vaca- ville from Elmira in 1869, assisting powerfully in building up the section.
David Dewey Dutton, a native of Massachn- setts, crossed the plains to Oregon in 1839. He went on to Honolulu and to South America, returning in 1843 with Stephen Smith; worked awhile at Bodega; employed for a time as cook at New Helvetia by Sutter; was naturalized in 1844 and settled on Butte Creek. Soon after 1848 he moved into Solano County, and was, until recently at least, living at Vacaville. Hle married Martha J. Pearson in 1856.
SUISUN.
The island in the tules upon which the town of Suisun is built, was first visited by Curtis
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Wilson an 1 Dr. John Baker, who sailed up the slough. Captain Joseph Wing was the first man to settle there and build a house in 1858. He ran boats on the Suisun slough, and may be said to have given the place its first impetus as a trading point. Until the coming of the rail- road it did a large shipping business.
FAIRFIELD,
its neur neighbor, being less than a mile from Suisun, across the tules, the county town, took its risc in the following manner: The county of Solano was set off in 1850, with Benicia as the county-seat. Along about 1857 and 1858 there was a great deal of complaint about the county-seat being so far from the center of the countv.
As a result, Captain R. H. Waterman, better known as " Bully" Waterman, a notorious sea captain, once Warden of the Port of San Fran- cisco, who owned the land where Fairfield now is, made a gitt of a block of land and money for the county buildings if placed there. His offer was accepted and his new town of Fairfield be- came a fact. Then began an exciting contest. By the exercise of a voting power that some- what exceeded the total number of votes in the county, the city of Vallejo captured the prize, and for one year held it. Then another vote was taken at the indignant outcry of the people and Fairfield again became the place. In order to hold it and prevent further action being taken the erection of county buildings was at once begun, at an expense of some $50,000. The con .ty infirmary was erected in 1876. It stands about three miles northeast of Fairfield.
OTHER TOWNS.
A few miles from Snisnn is the great fruit orchard belonging to A. T. Hatch, of 800 acres, said to be the largest in California. If the newspapers can be believed, it has lately been sold to an English syndicate for over a million dollars.
Dixon is a lively railroad town, which came into being in 1868, on the advent of the rail-
road. It is the grain center of the county, ship- ping many thousand tons yearly.
Elmira, another railroad town, has a splendid fruit country behind it. From here the Vacaville branch railroad goes to Vacaville, seven miles distant. It is a lively place.
Cordelia was first established in 1853, and is a depot on the railroad with considerable trade in basalt blocks. This trade formerly went to Rockville, a few miles away. The coming of the railroad destroyed Rockville and built up , Cordelia. It may be noticed, incidentally, that in Rockville, John M. Perry established the first blacksmith shop in the county, making plows at $65 a piece.
Rio Vista is a brisk shipping point on the Sacramento, with a good fruit country behind it. Here is situated St. Gertrude's Academy, built in 1876 by the Roman Catholic Sisters of Merey. Denverton, a landing on the Sacra- mento with some river trade, was established in 1853 by Dr. S. K. Nurse, and by him called Nurse's Landing. Maine Prairie, at the head of the Cache Creek slongh, was, before the days of the railroad, a place of great importance for the shipping of grain. There was a time when it ranked second only to Stockton in the amount of grain shipped from its wharves. It is now dead. Collinsville, also a landing, had formerly a flourishing salmon-packing establishment.
Solano County is noted for its cattle and stock, the tules being admirable summer feed, and for its dairies, for its grain and for its fruit. It has also a most unique marble quarry in the Suisun hills, where very beautiful onyx is produced, and is now being largely employed for mantels, table tops, etc.
The Tolenas mineral water, from springs, a few miles north of Suisun, has more than local note. The White Sulphur Springs above Vallejo were once a popular resort.
The newspapers of Solano County are ably and fearlessly conducted, and have a reputation for vigor and influence throughout the State. They are: in Vallejo, the Chronicle, first issned in 1867, and the Times, in 1875, both with
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daily and weekly editions; in Benicia, the New Era, issued in 1877, weekly; in Suisnn, the Republican, the oldest paper in the county, founded 1855, a weekly; in Vacaville, the Re- porter, founded 1886, and the Enterprise, founded 1888, both weeklies; in Dixon, the Tribune, a weekly, founded 1874; and in Rio Vista the River News, a weekly.
IN GENERAL.
This county is named after Solano, formerly a chief of the Suisun tribe of Indians, though the same word in the Spanish language means the east wind; it also was the second name of the celebrated missionary Francisco Solano.
Solano is bounded on the north by Yolo, on the east by Yolo and Sacramento, on the south by Contra Costa, Suisun Bay and the Straits of Carquinez being the division line, and on the west by Napa County.
This was one of the original connties of the act of February 18, 1850. The Legislative com- mittee recommended Benicia for the name.
The Mexican land grants in Solano County were: Mare Island, 5,527 acres, patented to G. W. P. Bissell and others; Las Pntas, 35.516 acres, to M. A. Higuera de Berryessa and others in 1863; Los Puntos, 44,384 acres, to J. M. Vaea and J. F. Peña in 1858; Snisun, 17,775 acres to A. A. Ritchie in 1857; and 482 acres to J. H. Fine in 1882; Tolenas, 13,316 acres to J. F. Armijo in 1868; and Los Ulpinos, 17,726 acres to John Bidwell in 1866.
The following named gentlemen have repre- sented Solano County in the Legislative As- sembly :- D. G. Barnes, 1883-'85; A. Bennett, 1880; R. C. Carter, 1885; Robert J. Curry, 1887; Nathan Cutler, 1859; John T. Dare, 1877-'78; N. Il. Davis, 1858; John Doughty, 1855; J. M. Dudley, 1862-'63; John B. Fris- bie, 1867-'68; James S. Graham, 1852; Joel A. IIarvey, 1883, 1884; J. L. Heald, 1873-'74; D. B. Holman, 1861; Frank A. Leach, 1880- '81; E. E. Leake, 1881; James M. Lemon, 1865-'66; Joseph MeKenna, 1875-'76; Frank O'Grady, 1887; T. II. Owen, 1853; A. M. Ste-
venson, 1856-'57; Milton Wason, 1863-'64; B. C. Whitman, 1854; M. J. Wright, 1871-'72.
TOPOGRAPHICAL AND MINERALOGICAL.
The following paragraphs are from the report of the State mineralogist:
The eastern third of this county is quite level, more than 100,000 acres being composed of tule lands. The central portion has an undulating snr- face, while the western breaks into high, rounded hills, which constitute a portion of the eastern slope of the Coast Range. The soil is every- where rich, this, taken as a whole, being one of the most fertile and productive counties in the State. Solano contains but few streams of any magnitude. Cache Slough traverses it near the center, flowing southeast, Mill Creek in the western part flows south, the Sacramento River forming the county boundary on the east. This is one of the most sparsely wooded counties in the State, the only timber native to the soil consisting of a much scattered growth of white oak, confined chiefly to its northwestern part. The few cottonwoods that formerly grew along the streamns are now all cut away.
Solano, so far as known, contains no deposits of the precious metals, thongh several of the economic metals and minerals occur in the county. some of them quite abundantly.
In the hills about six miles east of Vallejo, a number of veins carrying the sulphuret of mer- cury were discovered many years ago, this being the site of the St. Johns and the John Brownlie mines. At the former, which was afterward opened somewhat and equipped with plant, a sinall production of quicksilver was made, thongh nothing has been done there for the past ten years. None of the other veins in that lo- cality have been much developed.
Marbles of different kinds, some of them of rare beanty, are found in this county. In the hills near Suisun Valley is found a marble which, in the rough, bears a strong resemblance to resin. Being fine-grained and compact, it takes on a high polish, and is much esteemed for orna- mental purposes. Located about four miles north of Fairfield, the county-seat, is a bed of aragonite, popularly called onyx, and fully de- scribed by the State Mineralogist in the report of the year 1884. Stones suitable for structural purposes are met with in many parts of Solano, a good deal of serpentine and sandstone being quarried in the neighborhood of Benicia. Clay
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HISTORY OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.
adapted for brick-making is also plentiful. There is a deposit of chrome iron near the town of Fairfield, but, as yet, little or nothing has been done with it. In the hills adjacent to Be- nicia, also on the margin of San Pablo Bay, and not far from the town of Vallejo, there exists a fair quantity of hydraulic limestone; the last mentioned deposit being submerged at high tide. The Benicia deposit was for a time worked quite extensively, an establishment having been put up for burning and grinding the material. . Although a tolerably good cement was made here, the enterprise, owing to various causes, was abandoned.
SONOMA COUNTY.
LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY.
" Sonoma " is an Indian word, signifying valley of the moon, by which the aborigines designated the valley of that name.
Geographically considered, Sonoma County occupies one of the most favored positions of any county in the State. Her sonthern limb rests upon San Pablo Bay, the connecting link between the Straits of Carquinez and the Bay of San Francisco. Reaching inland there are two tidal streams, the Petaluma Creek and So- noma Creek, the former being navigable to steam and sailing crafts a distance up from the bay of twelve miles. These arteries of water transportation are of incalculable value to the agriculturists and dairymen of the surrounding country, insuring to them for all time to come cheap transportation of their products to San Francisco, the great metropolis of the Pacific coast, that is only distant from the southern limits of the county about twenty miles. Along these tidal streams are vast areas of marsh land, much of which has already, and all of which in time will be, reclaimed and brought in subjection to profitable cultivation. The meanderings of Petaluma Creek northward from San Pablo Bay to within four miles of Petaluma is the boundary between Sonoma and Marin counties, where the boundary line leaves tidal salt water and follows the serpentine course of the San Antonio Creek northward about nine
miles, to the Laguna San Antonio (once a tnie marsh but now drained and under cultivation), and thence in a direct line to the head of the Estero Americano, near Valley Ford, a tidal stream, that tending westerly debouches in the Pacific Ocean about six miles distant from the latter place. From this point to the mouth of the Gualala River, a distance of about thirty miles, Sonoma County has for her boundary the broad Pacific. The boundary between Sonoina and Mendocino connties commences at the month of the Gnalala River and following its meander- ings about two miles to a point just above the confluence of South Gualala, takes a straight line easterly over the mountains, about twenty- four miles to the summit of Redwood Mountain, where, with a slight angle, but with a still easterly deflection, the line continues on and across the Russian River canon at a point fonr miles northward from Cloverdale, and in a straigth line about twelve miles to the Lake County line on the summit of the Macuway Mountains. From this point, and at almost right angles, the line of boundary between Sonoma County and Lake and Napa counties it runs south in a straight line about forty-eight miles to the intersection of the boundary line between Napa and Solano counties; and thence the boundary between Sonoma and Solano coun- ties runs westerly abont six miles, to San Pablo Bay. the place of beginning.
The extreme length of Sonoma County from northwest to southeast is about seventy miles, and the width twenty. Of course, like most newly organized communities, the county has had contests over disputed territorial jurisdic- tion. The present area is 1,550 square miles, being thus the seventh in the State in point of extent. A large proportion of the land is rich and arable, and the county is so favorably situ- ated with reference to the surrounding com- munities and ports that her highest development may be attained.
The most important events of settlement and political goverment that have taken place in this county were of such general relation to
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HISTORY OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.
the history of Northern California that we have treated of them at length on previous pages.
THE MEXICAN LAND GRANTS
made within the present limits of Sonoma County were: Bodega, 25,487 acres, to M. T. Curtis and others in 1859; Cabeza de Santa Rosa, 336 acres, to F. Carrillo de Castro in 1881, 1,668 acres to James Eldridge in 1880, 640 acres to John Hendley in 1879, 256 acres to J. D. J. Mallega in 1879, and 1,485 acres to J. R. Meyer, also in 1879; Cañada de Jonive. 10,786 acres, to J. O'Farrell in 1858; Cañada de Pogolimi, 8,781 acres, to M. A. Cazares in 1858; Caslamayomi, 26,788 acres, to William Forbes in 1874; Cotate, 17,238 acres, to T. S. Page in 1858; Estero Americano, 8,849 acres, to Jasper O'Farrell in 1858; German, 17,580 acres, to Charles Meyer and others in 1872; Los Guilicos, 18,834 acres, to Juan Wilson in 1866; Lac, 176 acres, to J. P. Leese in 1872; Llano de Santa Rosa, 13,316 acres, to J. Car- rillo in 1865; Mallacomes, 2,560 acres, to Cook & Ingalls in 1859; Mission Sonoma, 14 acres, to Bishop J. S. Alemany in 1862; Los Molinos, 17,892 acres, to J. B. R. Cooper in 1858; Mnniz, 17,761 acres, to M. Torres in 1860; Petalnına, 66,622 acres, to M. G. Vallejo in 1874; Rincon de Musulacom, 8,867 acres, to Johnson Horrell and others in 1866; Roblar de la Miseria, 16,887 acres, to Daniel Wright and others in 1858; San Miguel, 6,663 acres, to the heirs of M. West in 1865; Pueblo Sonoma, 6,064 acres, to the city of Sonoma in 1880; four acres to M G. Vallejo in 1866, and 48,836 acres to the heirs of D. II. Fitch in 1858; and Tza- baco, 15,439 acres, to the heirs of J. G. Piña in 1859.
When the reader of the next century scans the above list and sees what these pioneer colonists asked for and got land by the league, he will naturally conclude that the first half of the nineteenth century must have been a period of regal splendor here. Bnt such was not the fact. The people were land and stock poor. They had but few of either the comforts or
conveniences of civilized life, and could not stand the light of a higher civilization. Like the Indians, they have passed on. Several claimed grants were made, as in most other parts of the State, that were not confirmed by onr Government, and therefore do not appear in the above list. Imperfect descriptions also led to many vexations and tedious lawsuits.
GOVERNMENTAL.
For the first two or three years after the close of the Mexican war, Sonoma remained the head centre of the northern frontier; and when the gold fields of California began to attract immi- gration, it became a place of great business im- portance. As a military post it was honored with the presence of several officers who after- ward achieved national renown, notable among whom were Fighting Joe Hooker, Phil Kearny, afterward killed at Antietam, General Stone, General Stoneman, afterward Governor of Cali- fornia, and Derby, author of the Squibob Pa- pers.
While General Riley was commandant on the Pacific coast in 1849, he had power to appoint civil officers, and in August of that year he issued a commission to Stephen Cooper as Judge of the first district, and appointed C. P. Wilkins prefect of the district of Sonoma.
As yet everything was in a chaotic formative state. The civil authority rested upon the mili- tary, and yet the government seemed to be efficient and conducive to good order and jus- tice. The penalties imposed seemed to us of the present day severe and sometimes cruel; but it is the unanimous opinion of the living pioneers that they were necessary for those times. The period of transition from Mexican to American government was necessarily at- tended with many irregularities. The whipping post as a punishment for petty crimes, and the gallows as the punishment for grand larceny marks the dividing line between California as a conquered province of Mexico and a star in the galaxy of the United States of America.
In the act of the Legislature, February 18,
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HISTORY OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.
1850, organizing the connties of the State, the seat of government of Sonoma County was fixed at the historic village of Sonoma. The court-house being an old dilapidated adobe building, it was condemned by the grand jury February 7, 1854, when naturally a contest arose for a re-location of the county seat, Santa Rosa being the chief competitor. An exciting campaign followed, and the election of Septem- ber 6 following gave Santa Rosa 715 votes and Sonoma 563. Accordingly the first meeting of the Board of Supervisors was held there as early as the 20th of that month. A very small building was made to serve the purpose of a court-house for four years, when it was en- larged by additions. The cost and utility of these aroused anew a contest for a better build. ing, and therefore for a new locality for the seat of government. An election for September 4, 1861, was ordered, resulting in giving Santa Rosa 1,632, to 314 for removal. This settled the matter for twenty years. In 1866 the jail was rebuilt and improvements made, at a cost of $9,000.
In 1883, after the usual amount of friction and sparring about the locality of the county seat and the character and expense of the public buildings, it was decided to rebuild, at Santa Rosa, structures worthy of the times. The con- tract for erecting the courthouse was awarded to Carle & Croley, of Sacramento, at $80,000. The corner-stone was laid May 7, 1884, and the building completed next year. It is indeed a tasteful structure and economically arranged.
The following named gentlemen have repre- sented Sonoma County in the State Assembly: James Adams, 1880; Samuel I. Allen, 1885; J. B. Beeson, 1863; J. W. Bennett, 1854; A. C. Bledsoe, 1865-'66; L. W. Boggs, 1852; J. E. Brackett, 1849-'50; John S. Bradford, 1849- '51; H. R. K. Brown, 1880; William Caldwell, 1867-'68, 1871-'72; John T. Campbell, 1883; C. H. Cooley, 1877-'78; Jaines Dixon, 1873- '74; J. G. Dow, 1862; J. L. Downing, 1865- '66; E. F. Donne, 1863; Urial Edwards, 1857-'58; W. A. Eliason, 1862; W. P. Ewing,
1853; Walter Ferrall, 1875-'76; Jolin Field, 1883; William B. Hagans, 1854; R. Harrison, 1857; H. G. Heald, 1856; Barclay Henley, 1869-'70; E. C. Hinshaw, 1871-'72, 1875-'78, 1881; O. H. Hoag, 1863-'66; W. J. Hotchkiss, 1887; T. W. Hudson, 1869-'70; J. M. Hud- speth, 1852; James Hines, 1880; Joseph B. Lamar, 1859-'60; S. M. Martin, 1867-'68, 1883; James McDonnell, Jr., 1887; William T. Mears, 1885; G. W. Morgan, 1887; B. B. Munday, 1869-'72; M. E. C. Munday, 1885, W. H. Northcutt, 1873-'74; J. S. Ormsby, 1858; J. S. Rathburn, 1856; G. W. Reed, 1862; W. M. Rider, 1863; John S. Robberson, 1859; William Ross, 1861; James Samuels, 1875-'76, 1881; James Singley, 1855; J. Smith, 1863-'64; James S. Stewart, 1855; Thomas M. Swan, 1860, 1875-'76; B. F. Tuttle, 1877-'78; J. B. Warfield, 1867-'68; M. Whallon, 1863- '64; E. L. Whipple, 1881; Charles P. Wilkins, 1860; W. S. M. Wright, 1873-'74.
SOME OF THE EARLIEST PIONEERS.
Salvador Vallejo, son of Iguacio, was born in 1814. In 1336 his brother, General M. G., established him at Sonoma, where he ranked as captain of militia, and afterward was a military man of this country. In 1838 he was grantee of the Napa ranch; in 1839 of Salvador's, and in 1844 of Lupyomi. In 1846 he was a pris- oner of the Bears. Is said to have made a large amount of money in 1943-'49, by the aid of the Indian miners. He died at Sonoma in 1876. He was a hard-drinking, reckless man, thonghi generous and hospitable.
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