USA > California > A memorial and biographical history of northern California, illustrated. Containing a history of this important section of the Pacific coast from the earliest period of its occupancy...and biographical mention of many of its most eminent pioneers and also of prominent citizens of today > Part 47
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In 1873 the directors bought and remodeled the building on the corner of First and Main streets, which is now occupied by the bank. The growth of business was steady from the in- ception. In the first monthly statement it is recorded that the paid-up capital of the bank was $35,500. This modest beginning has grown to amazing magnitude. Year after year the bank has increased its paid-up capital till now it stands on the pre-eminence of having the largest paid-up capital of any institution of like character on the Pacific coast, outside the great metropolis of San Francisco, it having reached, with surplus, over $1,000,000. The present offi- cersof the bank were elected at the annual meeting of 1883 and are: J. D. Stephens, President; F. S. Freeman, Vice - President; C. F. Thomas, Cashier,-who have held office continuously since that time with the approval of directors and patrons. The directors have been men of prudence and sagacity, and have always held the welfare and prosperity of Yolo County as sacred, and by their good management have been able to return to the stockholders spendid dividends. Their treatment of patrons has made the name of the Bank of Woodland synonymous with honesty and fair dealing, and the bank has become the pride of the county, 18
The business of this institution indicates the solid prosperity of Yolo County. Almost every dollar of its capital is used at home-its interest is the interest of Yolo County, and it is always in the front rank of enterprise.
VILLAGES.
Winters, the second town in importance of the county, is of comparatively recent date. It was laid out in 1875 by the Vaca Valley & Clear Lake Railroad, and is on the line of Yolo and Solano counties. Its conditions are very similar to those of Vaca Valley, which it almost adjoins, being the ontlet of Pleasant Valley, in the early ripening and marketing of its fruits and vegetables. Its early fruits are its pride in fact. It is a good business point with large shipping trade, and has ample school and church facilities, etc. It has a large fruit-drying establishment.
Davisville is an offspring of the railroad. It lies on the borders of Yolo and Solano counties, and is the point of junction of the Northern Railway with the main line of the Central Pacific. It is surrounded by a country of or- chards and vineyards, and ships to the cities immense quantities of dairy products and especi- ally of eggs and poultry, for which it is famons. Some large raisin-drying establishments are located here. It is well supplied with schools, churches, etc.
Washington, whose postoffice name is now Boruck, lies on the banks of the Sacramento river, opposite the capital city, by which it is overshadowed. It has considerable shipping importance, but is not progressive. It is al- most wholly surrounded by tule lands, but the vicinity possesses many fine orchards, etc.
Knights Landing is the oldest town in the county, the first house being built in 1849, and the town being laid out in 1850 and surveyed in 1853, the postoffice name being at first Grafton. It is a place of some importance as a shipping point on the Sacramento river, and the peaches grown about it are famous. Now that the Marysville Railway is again completed
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it will probably improve. It will gain much by the reclamation of the overflowed lands near by, now progressing. It has a fine fruit country about it.
Yolo, the old Cacheville, once the county seat, is a depot on the Northern, a few miles north of Woodland. The large Yolo Flouring Mills of S. U. Wering, are situated here, and a great deal of grain, etc., is shipped. Blacks and Dunnigan are stations on the railroad, with large warehouses, attesting importance as ship- ping points.
Madison lies at the entrance to Capay Val- ley and is a place of rising importance, possess- ing an ice factory, a large pork-packing estab- lishment, and is altogether a thriving and pro- gressive place, with large wheat and fruit ship- ments. In the Capay Valley are several towns which will soon be important, from the large development in the way of fruit-growing about Near Madison is the great Orleans winery and vineyards, the property of the Haraszthys of San Francisco.
Yolo County is well represented in the field of newspaper enterprise. In Woodland are the Democrat and Mail, both alert and active pur- veyors of news and effective aids to the dissem- ination of reliable information about the great county of Yolo. The Democrat is the oldest paper of the county, its predecessor being etablished as long ago as 1857, at Cacheville, when county-seat. Dying two years later, it was revived in 1861 at Knight's Landing, as the News. In 1864 the News was removed to Woodland, succumbing again in 1867, but see- ing an almost immediate resurrection as the Yolo Democrat, at which it stands firm. The Yolo Mail was established in 1868, and has known constant prosperity, being an ably handled sheet. At Winters is the Express, a lively weekly, and at Davisville is the Signal, which worthily represents its town, founded in 1884 and 1887 respectively.
The Assemblymen from Yolo County have been: L. B. Adams, 1887; F. E. Baker, 1881; Edward Bynum, 1856; A. B. Caldwell, 1853;
George W. Crane, 1851; C. B. Culver, 1885; J. S. Curtis, 1857; W. M. DeWitt, 1877-'78; F. S. Freeman, 1871-'74; Humphrey Griffith, 1854; Harrison Gwinn, 1859-'60; J. B. Hart- sough, 1863-'64; David N. Hershey, 1880-'83; I. N. Hoag, 1862; John M. Kelly, 1867-'70; William Minis, 1858; H. P. Osgood. 1851; John G. Parrish, 1852; Edmund Patten, 1863; Charles F. Reed, 1865-66; J. II. Updegraff, 1855; Jason Watkins, 1875-'76; W. C. Wood, 1861.
YUBA COUNTY.
Yuba (Spanish) is a corruption of the Spanish word " uva," meaning grapes. The river was so named by an exploring party in 1824, be- cause of the immense quantities of wild grape- vines which grew on the banks. The county is bounded on the northwest by Butte, on the east by Sierra, on the southeast by Nevada, on the south by Placer and Sutter, and on the west by Sutter County.
Ynba is one of the few historic counties of the State. During the exciting times of the mining fever, the reputation of its wonderful riches and resources spread far and wide, and it received its share of the immense immigration which poured in during that era. Its metro- polis, Marysville, occupied a prominent position among the cities of the coast, both in population and extent of mercantile interests. Immedi- ately preceding the discovery of gold on the Yuba River, the site of that city was owned and occupied by one man, with his employés and tenants; but as the news of the finding of new gold fields spread settlers flocked in, stores and hotels were established, and the once quiet raneho sprang into a bustling and busy city. The change was almost instantaneous. After the first leap, however, the progress was slower but not less marked.
The early settlements of Yuba and Sutter connties were parts of a series extending through nearly the whole Sacramento Valley. Sutter's map inelnded a much larger area than the Mexican laws would allow; and in order to hold the land he placed tenants on various portions
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of the territory embraced within its limits. Sub- sequently, when it was thought that he could not hold all the land applied for, he endeavored to obtain a sobrante (surplus) grant for his children.
Theodore Cordua obtained from Captain Sut- ter in the fall of 1852 a lease for nineteen years of the tract of land upon which Marysville is now located and erected at what is now the foot of D street an adobe dwelling-house, a store house or trading room, culinary department and out-houses. The spot was named New Mecklen- burg by Captain Sutter, in honor of the place of nativity of Cordua. It soon became known, however, as Cordna's ranch. Like Sutter, Cordua utilized the Indians in his vicinity.
December 30, 1844, Cordna obtained from the Mexican government a grant of land bound- ed on the north by the Feather River and Honcut creek, on the east by the foot of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, on the south by the Yuba River and by the tract of land previously leased from Captain Sutter, and on the west by some other land and the Feather River, ein- bracing about seven square leagues. Cordua's house was located on the trail leading from the upper to the lower portion of the Sacramento Valley ; and as the country became more densely settled travel on this road became more exten- sive until finally, in 1846, Cordua conceived the idea of establishing a trading post at his adobe structure. In the summer of 1847, when Will- iam G. Murphy arrived at the ranch, Cordua had in his employ fifteen or twenty Indians and white men, among whom was Charles Covilland, who acted as mechanic and overseer. At that time Cordua had also about 10,000 or 12,000 cattle and 500 wild inares.
As to Theodore Chicard, or Sicard, see page 260.
The Mexican land grants in Yuba County were: Honcut, 31,080 acres, patented to Charles Covillaud and others in 1863; Johnson Rancho, 22,197 acres, to William Johnson in 1857. In Yuba, Sutter and Sacramento counties: New Helvetia, 48,839 acres, to John A. Sutter in 1866.
About the tenth of February, 1850, J. H. Jewett and Horace Beach arrived at Yuba City with a train of packed mules from Sacramento. Within a week they became fully convinced that the town across the river was to be the fortunate one, and they crossed over to it in a canoe, swimming the mules; the result ultimately showed the wisdom of their decision. During the first part of January the second steamer, the Lawrence, arrived, commanded by Captain E. C. M. Chadwick, and she was quickly fol- lowed by others, when business became brisk.
January 15, Stephen J. Field, now of the United States Supreme Court, but then a young lawyer, arrived from New York and invested largely in lots, finding his legal knowlege of great nse. Directly there were two candidates in the field for the office of first alcalde, Mr. Field and Dr. Dobson. The principal objection to Mr. Field was that he had been in the place but three days, while Dr. Dobson had been there abont a week, but Mr. Field was elected by a majority of nine votes. J. B. Wadleigh was elected second alcalde. T. M. Twitchell, who was elected sheriff, declined to serve, and Judge Field appointed Robert Buchanan. An ayuntamiento was also selected, but they had scarcely any duties to perform, leaving what little they had in the hands of Judge Field.
In the midst of the hilarity on the evening after election, the subject of naming the town was brought up. Yubaville was thought too similar to Yuba City; Ynbafield, Norwich, Sicardora, Sircumdora and other names were proposed, but no unanimity was reached until Rev. Mr. Wadsworth arose and in a neat little speach proposed Marysville, in honor of the beautiful wife of Mr. Covillaud; indeed, she was the only lady in the place.
A good local government being organized here, a peaceable condition of the community was insured, and thus Marysville was safe from many of the disgraceful scenes characterizing most other initial towns.
The original Yuba County, organized pur- suant to act of February 18, 1850, embraced the
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territory now included in Sierra and Nevada counties, but the increase of population at the remote parts of the county necessitated sub- divisions.
April 25, 1851, the County of Nevada was set off, and April 16, 1852, Sierra County.
The first officers of Ynba County were, Henry P. Haun, Judge: Samuel B. Mulford, Attorney; Edward B. Wheeler, Clerk; Robert B. Buchanan, Sheriff; Alfred Lawton, Recorder; J. B. Cush- ing, Surveyor; L. W. Taylor, Treasurer; S. C. Tompkins, Assessor; S. T. Brewster, Coroner. It is said that about 800 votes were cast at this election, seventeen being in Marysville.
The first term of the District Court for Ynba County was held June 3, 1850, with William R. Turner as Judge. He was succeeded in 1851 by the appointment of Corydon N. Mott.
Before the close of 1850 the people of Marys- ville moved to have their place incorporated, in which effort they were successful February 5, 1851, Mr. Field representing them in the Leg- islature. The city was divided into four wards, and S. M. Miles was the first mayor. April 10, 1852, the charter was repealed, in spite of much opposition.
In 1851 Ramirez settled the Quintay ranch just east of Marysville, and a man named Quin- tay was stationed there to take care of it.
The salt food to which the early immigrants had been so closely confined produced a scor- butic condition and a great appetite for fresh vegetables and acid fruits. This appetite be- came so intense that extreme acids were desired, and accordingly lime juice by the barrel was imported and sold in great abundance at the saloons.
Sunday afternoon, March 21, 1852, Eliza Sut- ter, the daughter of the celebrated captain, was married to George Engler, of Marysville, the ceremony taking place at Hock farm and per- formed by Judge Cushing, of Marysville. Visi- tors were present from nearly all parts of the State.
The directory for 1853 shows that there were six anction and commission merchants at Marys-
ville; sixteen lawyers, five bankers, eighteen hotels, two steam saw-mills, etc.
Five months after Marysville was laid ont, in 1849, Colonel R. H. Taylor, a San Francisco merchant, came here and issued the first num- ber of the Marysville Herald, August 6, 1850, and continued to publish it semi-weekly; in Oc- tober it was made a tri-weekly. January 28 following (1851) Stephen C. Massett, a talented young man from Sacramento, became interested with Colonel Taylor, and the paper was edited and published by Taylor and Massett, July 15, 1851; L. W. Ramson purchased a third inter- est. At first the paper was independent, and then Whig. A column of news was printed in the French language. In 1852 a weekly edition was commenced and in 1853 a daily.
The first number of the California Express appeared at Marysville, November 3, 1851, pub- lished by George Giles & Co. and edited by Colonel Richard Rust. July 26, 1852, J. Mc- Elroy and Andrew Brady purchased the paper; July 22, 1854, Luther Laird, George W. Bloor and M. D. Carr became the proprietors. Laird died in 1856 and Lloyd Magrnder became one of the proprietors. Colonel Rust continued as editor until July 26, 1857, when he resigned the place to John R. Ridge. This paper was both weekly and daily; was Democratic from the first, and during the war advocated States' rights and then secession. It thereafter de- clined until 1866, when it breathed its last, after a very lingering illness.
George C. Gorham was a resident of Marys- ville in 1849-'60; was admitted here as an at- torney at law, but never practiced; was editor of the Marysville Daily Inquirer in 1855-'56, and the Marysville National Democrat in 1859, and afterward was engaged on the San Fran- cisco Nation, in 1860; on the Sacramento Union in 1861; was clerk in the United States District Court in 1865-67; candidate for Gov- ernor in 1867; Secretary of United States Sen- ate in 1868-'79; Secretary of the National Republican Executive Committee in 1876.
Among the noted professional teachers, who
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in early days taught in this county, were D. C. Stone, who taught in Marysville in 1854-'68, and then moved to Oakland and established a " family school; " J. B. McChesney, who com- menced teaching at Forbestown in 1857, but soon after removed to Nevada City, and in 1865 was elected principal of the High School; Isaac Upham, who taught for a long time in Butte County and was superintendent of the Butte County schools in 1868-'69; and Azro L. Mann, who afterward went to San Francisco and became superintendent of the city schools there.
The first school in Marysville was opened during the last week in May, 1850, by Rev. S. V. Blakeslee. It was a private school, of nine pupils, in a sheet-iron building 10 x 18 feet in size; but it was too hot in warm weather and the school had to be discontinued. Some time during the latter part of 1851 a school was es- tablished by Rev. Mr. Thatcher in the Presby- terian Church on D street.
The College of Notre Dame at Marysville was founded by Father Magagnotta, Passionist missionary, in 1856. The first building erected that year under his auspices was a solid brick structure of three stories, 35 x 51 feet. The Sisters of Notre Dame entered into the posses- sion of their new establishment October 26, 1856. In 1857 an addition was made to the structure. In 1858 a free school for girls was opened. By the year 1869 possession of the entire block was obtained, the college was char- tered by the Legislature, further additions to the building were made and the institution now accommodates a large number of pupils. In 1860 the Legislature established a State reform school at Marysville, appropriating $30,000. The original building was 52 x 218. In 1861 $25,000 more were appropriated, and the school conducted until May, 1868, when it was dis- continued. The highest number of pupils was fifty-four.
Up to 1855 the only land-office in California was at Benicia; then one was established at Marysville. John A. Paxton was the first re- ceiver and Charles S. Fairfax register.
The Marysville Pioneer Society was organ- ized February 20. 1869, those living in Cali- fornia ever since September 9, 1850, being elegible to membership. At one time they had a membership of 135.
Local military organizations existed in Marys- ville from 1855 to 1875. Like almost every other town in America, Marysville has had a number of destructive fires, one or two sweep- ing away almost everything in the business portion. The town is situated upon low ground, and has also been subject to floods; but the levee is so complete now as to guard the place sufficiently.
ASSEMBLYMEN.
D. O. Adkison, 1855, 1863; Francis L. And 1858-'59; II. Barrett, 1857; A. J. Batchel- der, 1856, 1865-'68; J. H. Beaman, 1863- 64; J. C. Bradley, 1871-'76; J. E. Brown, 1869-'70; J. P. Brown, 1880-'81; W. Burns, 1857; T. H. Carr, 1880; John Carter, 1873-'74; Charles S. Chase, 1855; L. B. Clark, 1867-'68; J. E. Clayton, 1855; John Cook, 1852; N. D. Coombs, 1883; J. M. Crowell, 1860; Wm. M. Cutter, 1883; C. W. Dannalls, 1854; Charles E. De Long, 1858-'59; Wm. Edgar, 1871-'72; Benj. E. S. Ely, 1858: Charles S. Fairfax, 1853-'54; Stephen J. Field, 1851; Mortimer Fuller, 1857, 1859; James H. Gardner, 1852-'53; E. S. Gaver, 1855; Wmn. Geller, 1855: James H. Hanson, 1861; D. L. Haun, 1861; L. Hub- bard, 1863-64; Benj. P. Hugg, 1860, 1877-'78; T. O. Jackson, 1862; J. C. Jones, 1854; H. B. Kellogg, 1854; Martin Knox, 1873-'74; C. II. Kungle, 1860-'61: E. Lalor, 1861; F. R. Lofton, 1871-'72; Lloyd Magruder, 1861; C. McClas- key, 1869-'70; James Y. MeDuffie, 1854; George Merritt, 1869-'70; Benj. T. O'Rear, 1860; D. A. Ostrom, 1875-'78; Wm. 11. Parks, 1881, 1885; John A. Paxton, 1852; B. B. Red- ding, 1853; O. F. Redfield, 1863-64; D. W. C. Rice, 1857; J. C. Sargent, 1862-63; Jacob Shearer, 1856; T. J. Sherwood, 1865-'66; James S. Slingerland, 1859; James K. Smith, 1867-'68; B. R. Spillman, 1858; John M. Sterritt, 1856; Orrin Stewart, 1865-66; G. N. Swezy, 1857;
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Eli Teegarden, 1862; R. M. Turner, 1856; Jonas Wescott, 1860: John Wheadon, 1859; N. E. Whiteside, 1858; W. B. Winsor, 1856.
TIJE LATER HISTORY
of Yuba County is unique above all others in that during the past twenty or thirty years she has almost completely altered her configuration, the surface level over no mean part of her super- ficies having changed materially. The cause of this has been hydraulic mining, chiefly, and the vast amount of " sliekens," or mining debris, washed down thereby. Where prosperons or- chards, gardens and farms stood in former days along the banks of the rivers, their place has been taken by an overflow of sand and mud, ---- the " slickens" of the mining regions, -- fences, trees and even telegraph poles going out of sight under fifteen, twenty, or even thirty feet of this debris.
The still more curious sight is to be seen in some parts, of a fresh orchard and new fields of grass appearing now upon this new and artificial surface, a second layer, so to speak, of agricult- nre. This is only the case in some parts, how- ever, as the deposits are not always capable of cultivation. This refers of course only to the bottom lands along the rivers.
Yuba County stands in the peculiar position of being both a gainer and a loser by the cele- brated decision of Judge Sawyer in 1884, plac- ing a permanent injunction upon hydranlic mining. The upper end of the county, in the foot hills, was injured directly, in that it was largely interested in hydraulic mining, while the largest city and county town, Marysville, felt it seriously but indirectly, by the shrinking of her trade; but the people of the lower end, the farmers, the larger part of the population, hailed the decision with joy as giving them now a chance for their lives and property. They set energetically to work to raise their dykes and levees once more to a living height, and once inore to set out and cultivate their orchards.
This is for the most part a level county. Only on the east, where the country breaks into the
foot-hills of the Sierra, does it rise much above the sea level, nor does the highest portion of the county reach an altitude of more than 2,000 feet. The rivers and larger creeks in this county consist of the main Yuba and its middle fork, the former flowing west centrally across the county and constituting, in part, the dividing line between this and Nevada County; Feather River separating Yuba from Sutter County on the west; Bear River, dividing line between Yuba, Placer, and Sutter on the south; Honent Creek, its northwestern boundary, and Dry Creek, running across the county from north- east to southwest.
The soil throughont the lower portions of the county is a deep alluvial, capable of producing heavy crops of the cereals; that on the upland being admirably adapted for fruit and vine- growing. A good many cattle and sheep are also kept here, being sustained partly by the cultivated, but mostly on the native, grasses.
Yuba County is celebrated for her early fruits, her cherries, her apricots, her peaches, reaching market among the first. It has been discovered, too, that she has a citrus belt, and large plant- ings have been made of oranges, lemons, etc., whole colonies being founded upon this industry. With renewed energy, too, irrigating ditches are being taken out and water brought upon the neglected valleys, thus greatly extending the scope of fruit-raising. Brown's Valley is one of the most important parts being benefited in this way. Already a large acreage of trees. grapes, etc., has been planted, and a decided increase made in the population of the valley. Below Marysville are located several large citrus colonies. The Colmena Colony, adjoining Reed's station, a few miles below Marysville, have orange orchards of several hundred acres, while others are still more extensive.
In this lower portion of the county the chief industry is wheat growing, however, the prin- cipal town of the county outside of Marysville having the suggestive name of Wheatland. In the mountainons eastern portion of the county, mining is still an important business, although
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innch less so than formerly. Lumbering also attracts a good deal of capital, there being large forests of pine, fir, etc., in the mountains, oak on the bench lands, and cotton wood and willow along the streams.
Yuba is well supplied with transportation. Marysville is situated at the head of navigation on the Feather River, the original cause indeed of its location. The California & Oregon Rail- road crosses the western end of the county, and a branch line runs from Marysville to Oroville. The line from Knight's Landing across Sutter County, just completed to Marysville, gives that city short and direct communication with San Francisco.
Marysville, seventy-seven feet above sea-level and 142 miles from San Francisco, is a remark- able city. At first sight to the eye of the stranger it presents the appearance of a walled city. On every hand it is surrounded by lofty and substantial dykes or levees that might well serve as ramparts to resist the attacks of an in- vader. Upon arrival in the streets one sees at once, however, that he is in no antiquated city, for the place has a business air and a stir and bustle that announce it at once as a place of large trade. The lofty and handsome rows of brick business houses, the large and prosper- ous hotels and the extensive structures devoted to manufactures, etc., proclaim it the center of large business interests. Marysville, in fact, ranks only next to Sacramento in her volume of business, and is the wholesale supply point for a large section, especially of the mining regions. Marysville has known many vicissitudes, but her history, at any rate since the flush mining days which culminated in 1856 and continued till.1860, has been one of progress. The com- ing of the railroad in 1864 for a time took away a deal of trade and altered materially the channels of business, but the completion of the road to the upper Sacramento Valley, which took place shortly afterward, opened new scope to the enterprise of her citizens, and gave the city an ever expanding market for her fruits, etc. Marysville is a terminal point upon the
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