USA > California > San Francisco County > San Francisco > San Francisco, a history of the Pacific coast metropolis, Volume I > Part 2
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CONTENTS
EFFECTS OF THE ABUNDANCE OF GOLD-EARLY EPICURIANISM-HOW MEN GREW RICH IN PIONEER DAYS-DRESS IN PIONEER DAYS-DISPOSITION TO CREATE IDOLS EFFECT OF ISOLATION-FIRST ORPHAN ASYLUM AND HOSPITAL-EXCESSIVE MOR- TALITY FROM EXPOSURE-SAN FRANCISCO CHARITY-SISTERS OF MERCY. ..... 243
CHAPTER XXX
SOCIAL AND OTHER DIVERSIONS OF PIONEER DAYS
SAN FRANCISCAN ARDOR-FIREMEN THE ELITE OF THE CITY-FIRE PRECAUTIONS-FIRE ENGINE HOUSES CENTERS OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY-FIREMEN'S PARADES-THE MILITIA ORGANIZATIONS-CITIZEN SOLDIERY NOT DEPENDABLE-THE DRINK HABIT-BULL FIGHTS AND BEAR BAITING-HORSE RACING-PUGILISTIC CONTESTS-THE DUELLO IN PIONEER DAYS-EARLY CELEBRATIONS AND LOVE OF MUSIC-THE SPANISH ELEMENT -SPANISH LANGUAGE LOSES ITS HOLD IN SAN FRANCISCO-CHINESE QUARTER IN EARLY DAYS-"CHINA BOYS" IN PARADES-ROUTE OF THE PIONEER PARADES-RUSS GARDENS AND THE WILLOWS-JOYS OF THE CIRCUS-APPRECIATION OF THE DRAMA -STARS VISIT CALIFORNIA-CRITICAL AUDIENCES-CHURCH FAIRS AND PUBLIC BALLS -NO EXCLUSIVE SOCIAL SETS-OBTRUSIVE COURTESANS-THE UBIQUITOUS COLONEL -PREVALENCE OF MILITANCY. 255
CHAPTER XXXI
SAN FRANCISCO A BASE FOR FILIBUSTERING OPERATIONS
A RESTLESS PEOPLE-TWO DESIGNING FRENCHMEN-PLOTS AGAINST MEXICO-ATTEMPT TO CAPTURE SONORA-A FRENCH CONSUL IN THE GAME-WALKER'S DESIGNS ON SONORA-MEXICO AND THE AMERICAN MANIFEST DESTINY IDEA-SAN FRANCISCANS AID FILIBUSTERS-REMARKABLE CAREER OF WALKER-FATE OF THE FRENCH FILI- BUSTERS-CRABB'S FUTILE EXPEDITION-RESTLESS MINERS-THE BLACK SAND SWINDLE-A RUSH TO AUSTRALIA-THE FRASER RIVER RUSH-STEADY GROWTH OF THE CITY-NUMEROUS HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS POPULARITY OF TEMPERANCE RESTAURANTS-EVERYBODY BOARDED IN SAN FRANCISCO-THE GREGARIOUS TEN- DENCY-EARLY MEANS OF GETTING ABOUT-FASHIONABLE SECTIONS-CITY GROWS SOUTHWARD-NOT AMBITIOUS TO BECOME A CAPITAL-A BELIEVER IN MANIFEST DESTINY-SOUTHERN INFLUENCE-INCREASING IMMIGRATION. 267
CHAPTER XXXII
RESOURCES THAT PROMOTED THE GROWTH OF SAN FRANCISCO
CHARACTER OF CALIFORNIA LANDS-A BIGGER HOME MARKET FOR THEIR PRODUCTS NEEDED-PAST DEPENDENCE ON THE OUTSIDER-UNORGANIZED MERCANTILISM- EARLY TRADE DEPRESSIONS-THE PANIC OF 1855-BANKING TROUBLES-PLENTY OF GOLD BUT NO CURRENCY -- PRIVATE COINAGE-BUYING AND SELLING GOLD DUST -GOVERNMENTAL METHODS OF DEALING WITH THE PEOPLE-MERCHANT PRINCES OF PIONEER PERIOD-PIONEER STOCKS OF MERCHANDISE-LITTLE ATTEMPT TO
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CONTENTS
DISPLAY GOODS-CREDIT SYSTEM AND COLLECTIONS-PIONEER IDEAS OF A TRANS- CONTINENTAL RAILROAD-MUCH TALK OF CONNECTING EAST AND WEST-STATE PRIDE DEVELOPS SLOWLY-WAGON ROADS-HIGH FARE AND FREIGHT RATES-SEA AND RIVER NAVIGATION-CLIPPER SHIPS-PANAMA AND NICARAGUA ROUTES-THE PANAMA RAILROAD-SHIPPING OF THE PAST-BUSINESS DRAWBACKS .. .. 279
CHAPTER XXXIII JOURNALISM, LITERATURE, EDUCATION AND POLITICS OF PIONEER DAYS
NEWSPAPERS OF SAN FRANCISCO-PRESS AT TIME OF GOLD DISCOVERY-NEWS BEFORE THE AMERICAN CAME TO CALIFORNIA-THE FIRST NEWSPAPER MERGER-VIOLENCE OF EDITORIAL EXPRESSION-FREEDOM OF THE PRESS-EDITOR KILLED IN A DUEL- JOURNALISM AN UNPROFITABLE CALLING-DRIVING RIVALS FROM THE FIELD-NOT MUCH STRESS LAID ON NEWS-EDITORIAL WRITERS DURING THE FIFTIES-USE OF THE TELEGRAPH-NEWS RECEIVED BY STEAMER-MAILS RECEIVED BY STAGE AND PONY EXPRESS-JOURNALISM AND LITERATURE CLOSELY ALLIED-VARYING LITERARY STANDARDS-POLITICS AND LITERATURE-EARLY LIBRARIES-FIRST PUBLISHED BOOK -THE WEEKLY PAPERS-A WOMAN'S JOURNAL-GOLDEN ERA SCHOOL OF LITERA- TURE-EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES-THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND THE HIGHER EDUCA- TION-PAROCHIAL AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS-POLITICS AND THE SCHOOLS .. 295
CHAPTER XXXIV
POLITICAL CONDITIONS AFTER PASSAGE OF CONSOLIDATION ACT
SAN FRANCISCO'S SEAL-RESPECTABLE ELEMENT REFORMED-PURITY OF BALLOT BOX- VIGILANTE'S DISCARD PRIMARY ELECTIONS-A SELF PERPETUATING NOMINATING COMMITTEE-SECRET SELECTIONS PRODUCE GOOD RESULTS-THE CONSOLIDATION ACT -MEASURES OF ECONOMY-MANY RESTRICTIONS-REFORMS EFFECTED-NATIONAL PARTIES-BRODERICK THE CHAMPION OF FREEDOM-BRODERICK REFUSES TO OBEY LEGISLATIVE INSTRUCTIONS-THE REPUBLICANS-TERRY KILLS BRODERICK IN A DUEL -CAREER OF TERRY-BAKER'S ORATION AT BRODERICK'S FUNERAL-TERRY BECOMES A CONFEDERATE GENERAL-OTHER POLITICAL DUELS-PACIFIC COAST REPUBLIC SUG- GESTED-TALK ABOUT STATE DIVISION-POLITICAL REVOLUTION. 309
CHAPTER XXXV
CONDITION OF THE CITY AT CLOSE OF THE PIONEER PERIOD
PUEBLO TITLES-VAN NESS ORDINANCE-VEXED QUESTIONS AFFECTING TITLES SETTLED -CONTROL OF THE WATER FRONT-THE IMPENDING WAR-DOUBTS CONCERNING CALIFORNIA'S AGRICULTURAL CAPABILITIES-MECHANIC'S INSTITUTE FAIRS-EXCES- SIVE IMPORTS-SAN FRANCISCO AS A DISTRIBUTING POINT-MANUFACTURES IN 1860 -OBSTACLES TO GROWTH OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY-COMMERCE OF THE PORT -EARLY DEPENDENCE ON WHEAT EXPORTS-FRUIT INDUSTRY IN ITS INFANCY- MINERAL RESOURCES-EXHAUSTION OF PLACERS DISCUSSED-DISCOVERY OF THE COMSTOCK LODE-OPTIMISM OF THE ARGONAUTS-APPEARANCE OF THE CITY IN 1861-GROWTH OF THRIFTY HABITS-DEPRESSION PRECEDING THE CIVIL WAR. 319
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER XXXVI
SAN FRANCISCO'S ATTITUDE DURING THE CIVIL WAR
THE CITY LOYAL TO THE UNION-ATTEMPTS TO TURN OVER ITS DEFENSES TO THE CON- FEDERATES-A MINISTER WHO UPHELD THE SOUTH-FIRE-EATING SOUTHERNERS- THE CALL FOR VOLUNTEERS-CONFEDERATE ATTEMPTS ON MEXICO CHECKED-DEP- REDATIONS OF PRIVATEERS-HARBOR DEFENSES IN WRETCHED CONDITION-CON- TRIBUTIONS TO THE SANITARY COMMISSION FUND-EAGERNESS FOR WAR NEWS- ATTEMPT TO CAPTURE A PACIFIC MAIL STEAMER-CONFEDERATE LAND PIRATES- A GREAT CHANGE OF SENTIMENT-MONUMENTS ERECTED TO HONOR BRODERICK AND BAKER-MONUMENT TO THOMAS STARR KING-THE NEGRO QUESTION-SENA- TORIAL ELECTION SCANDALS-MERCHANTS PROFIT THROUGH THE WAR .. . 331
CHAPTER XXXVII
EFFECTS OF ADHERENCE TO GOLD MONEY DURING THE WAR
CHANGING COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS-THE PANIC OF 1857-INCREASING EXPORTS- TAXATION OF CONSIGNED GOODS-THE WAR TAX-EQUAL TAXATION DEMANDED- WAR INCREASES EMIGRATION TO CALIFORNIA-ADHERENCE TO THE USE OF GOLD MONEY-THE SPECIFIC CONTRACT ACT-MERCHANTS PROFIT THROUGH RETENTION OF GOLD MONEY SYSTEM-GREENBACKS NOT DISTRUSTED-SPECULATION IN GREEN- BACKS-HIGH RATES OF INTEREST-ILLIBERAL BANKING LAWS-LARGE GOLD PRO- DUCTION-RESULT OF BAD BANKING METHODS-FIRST SAVING AND LOAN SOCIETY- FEDERAL EMPLOYES ARE PAID IN DEPRECIATED CURRENCY-PAYING DEBTS IN GREEN- BACKS-ATTEMPTS TO INDUCE ABANDONMENT OF GOLD MONEY-MANUFACTURING DISCOURAGED BY SPECULATION IN MONEY-GREAT EXPECTATIONS OF THE PEOPLE -LOOKING FORWARD TO RAILROAD CONNECTION WITH THE EAST. 343
CHAPTER XXXVIII
THE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS OF CALIFORNIA
EARLY FREIGHT AND FARE RATES-FIRST EXPERIENCES IN RAILROADING-PROPOSED TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROADS-PROJECTORS OF THE FIRST OVERLAND RAILROAD- ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRAL PACIFIC-CONGRESSIONAL AID TO OVERLAND RAIL- ROADS-GRANTS OF LAND AND FINANCIAL AID TO THE CENTRAL PACIFIC-GREAT HOPES BASED ON OPENING OF COMMUNICATION WITH EASTERN STATES-EVERYBODY FRIENDLY TO THE PROMOTERS OF THE RAILROAD-FRIENDLINESS CONVERTED INTO HOSTILITY-GREED OF THE CENTRAL PACIFIC MANAGERS-CAUSES OF HOSTILITY- EFFORTS TO ESTABLISH A MONOPOLY-ATTEMPT TO GRAB MINERAL LANDS SHUT- TING OUT COMPETITION-CONTRACT AND FINANCE COMPANY-OAKLAND WATER FRONT GRAB-COMPLETION OF THE FIRST OVERLAND LINE. 355
CONTENTS
CHAPTER XXXIX
LABOR CONDITIONS AND THE CHINESE QUESTION
ORGANIZATION OF A CENTRAL TRADES ASSEMBLY-STRIKE OF FOUNDRY EMPLOYES- LABOR AND POLITICS-ATTEMPT TO PASS AN EIGHT HOUR LAW-FORMATION OF AN EIGHT HOUR LEAGUE-TRADES UNIONS IN 1867-A WORKINGMEN'S CONVENTION- LABOR LEADERS FAVOR POLITICAL ACTION-WORKINGMEN WIN IN PRIMARY ELEC- TIONS-TRADE UNIONISM RECEIVES A BACKSET-WOMEN WORKERS-THE WORKING- MEN AND THE CHINESE-RACE PREJUDICE IN EARLY DAYS-LEGISLATIVE INVESTI- GATION IN 1852-SAN FRANCISCANS TOLERANT OF CHINESE-OPPOSITION TO CHI- NESE IMMIGRATION-RAILROAD IMPORTS CHINESE LABORERS FEW JAPANESE-AS- SUMED NEED OF ORIENTAL LABOR-LAND MONOPOLY AND CHINESE LABOR ..... 371
CHAPTER XL
THE MINING INDUSTRY AND MINING STOCK SPECULATION
SAN FRANCISCO AND THE MINING INDUSTRY-THE COMSTOCK LODE-DISCOVERY OF SILVER ORE-FOUNDATION OF SAN FRANCISCO'S FINANCIAL STRENGTH-CREATION OF A STOCK BOARD-PRIMITIVE DEALINGS IN STOCKS-MINING STOCK SPECULATION FROWNED UPON AT FIRST-THE SPECULATIVE FEVER TAKES HOLD-PROSPEROUS BROKERS-NEVADA STOCKS DEALT IN CHIEFLY-EXTENT OF THE MARKET-THE SUTRO TUNNEL SUGGESTED-THE ATTEMPT TO OVERREACH SUTRO PROVES UNSUC- CESSFUL-MINERS STAND BY SUTRO AGAINST THE "BANK CROWD"-RELATIONS OF NEVADA AND SAN FRANCISCO-FAITH OF SAN FRANCISCANS IN MINING AS A SOURCE OF WEALTH-LEGITIMATE AND SPECULATIVE MINING. 381
CHAPTER XLI
COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND FINANCES OF SAN FRANCISCO
SAN FRANCISCANS VERY CONSERVATIVE-OPPOSITION TO CREATING A CLEARING HOUSE -OVERSHADOWING FINANCIAL IMPORTANCE OF THE CITY-EXPANSION OF SHIPPING INDUSTRY-CHANGE IN THE CHARACTER OF IMPORTS-SAN FRANCISCO A DISTRIB- UTING CENTER-FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC COAST-THE COD FISH INDUSTRY- THE ACQUISITION OF ALASKA-SEWARD'S GOOD BARGAIN-VALUE OF ALASKAN TRADE -TRADE WITH THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS-COMMUNICATION WITH HAWAII-RECI- PROCITY TREATY WITH THE ISLANDS-SAN FRANCISCO'S ATTITUDE TOWARD RECI- PROCITY-PLANS FOR ANNEXATION-GROWING TRADE WITH THE ISLANDS-ORIENTAL TRADE-FIRST SHIP OF THE PACIFIC MAIL TO THE ORIENT-SAN FRANCISCO'S COAST- WISE TRADE-RAPID GROWTH OF WHEAT EXPORTS-DIVERSIFICATION OF AGRICUL- TURE-WOOL INDUSTRY-WOOLEN AND OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES-THE FUR SEAL CONTRACT-END OF CALIFORNIA'S ISOLATION. 389
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CHAPTER XLII
NATIONAL, STATE AND MUNICIPAL POLITICS IN THE SIXTIES
THE LAST POLITICAL DUEL-CONTINUED SUCCESS OF THE PEOPLE'S PARTY-KEEPING DOWN TAXATION-PEOPLE'S PARTY SUFFERS DEFEAT-A LUKEWARM PERIOD-THE TAPE WORM TICKET AND BALLOT REFORM-LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT DENIED- BUILDING A NEW CITY HALL ON THE INSTALLMENT PLAN-WATER SUPPLY-MOVE- MENT TO SECURE MUNICIPAL CONTROL OF WATER SYSTEM-OPPOSITION TO CREA- TION OF DEBT-WIDENING OF KEARNY STREET-PROPOSAL TO CUT DOWN RINCON HILL-QUIETING OUTSIDE LAND TITLES-SECURING LAND FOR GOLDEN GATE PARK -THE LAND FOR PARK PURPOSES ORIGINALLY A DREARY WASTE OF SAND-WOOD- WARD'S GARDENS-ACTIVE BUILDING OPERATIONS-REAL ESTATE IN FAVOR-PRICES OF REAL ESTATE-MARKET STREET IN 1870-STREET CAR CONVENIENCES-CONGES- TION OF POPULATION-BANKING AND BUSINESS CENTER-APPEARANCE OF CITY AT CLOSE OF SIXTIES. 403
CHAPTER XLIII
THE HARBOR, THE RAILROADS AND THE LAND MONOPOLISTS
FERRY SERVICE-HARBOR COMMISSION CREATED-SEA WALL PROVIDED FOR-BAD MAN- AGEMENT DRIVES AWAY SHIPPING THE BULKHEAD LINE DEFINED-HUNTERS POINT DRY DOCK-BLOSSOM ROCK REMOVED-COMPLAINT ABOUT PILOT LAWS-SEA ROUTES FROM SAN FRANCISCO-LINES TO COAST PORTS-STATE INTERDEPENDENCE NOT MUCH THOUGHT ABOUT-RAILROAD PLANS OF MONOPOLIZING ALL TRAF- FIC RIVALS FORCED OUT BY THE CENTRAL PACIFIC-MORE LAND GRABBING- ATTEMPT TO MAKE GOAT ISLAND A TERMINUS-FEAR OF GOAT ISLAND RIVALRY- CALIFORNIA RAILROADS IN 1870-71-INCREASING HOSTILITY TO RAILROAD MANAGE- MENT-THE RAILROADS AND THE LABORING CLASS-LAND MONOPOLY AND TAXA- TION QUESTIONS-WOMAN SUFFRAGE ADVOCATED-AGITATION OF QUESTION OF REVISING THE CONSTITUTION 417
CHAPTER XLIV
SOCIAL SIDE OF LIFE IN SAN FRANCISCO IN THE SIXTIES
THE VACATION HABIT STILL UNDEVELOPED- NEAR-BY ATTRACTIONS-GOLDEN GATE PARK BEFORE IT WAS RECLAIMED-THE CLIFF HOUSE AND WOODWARD'S GARDENS FAVORITE RESORTS-GRAND OPERA GREATLY APPRECIATED-FAVORITE OPERAS OF EARLY DAYS-CONCERTS POPULAR-THE REIGN OF MINSTRELSY-ACTORS OF PIO- NEER DAYS-THE DRAMA DURING THE SIXTIES-VOGUE OF BENEFIT PERFORMANCES -BIG PRICES PAID TO HEAR EDWIN FORREST-HARRIGAN AND OTHER CALIFORNIA FAVORITES-EARLY VAUDEVILLE-LOCATION OF OLD TIME THEATERS-SAN FRAN- CISCO'S FIRST DRAMATIC PERFORMANCE-SOCIETY IN THE FORMATIVE STAGE-FIRE AND MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS-PUBLIC CELEBRATIONS-SPORTS-POLITICAL TURN- OUTS. .431
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER XLV
INCREASING INTEREST IN CIVICS AND A MORAL AWAKENING
PRECAUTIONS NEGLECTED IN PIONEER DAYS-RESTRAINT UPON EXTRAVAGANCE-THE INFLUENCE OF WOMEN-ABATEMENT OF THE DRINK HABIT-INCREASING RESPECT FOR LAW-BANDIT VASQUEZ-CRIME IN SAN FRANCISCO-KILLING OF CRITTENDEN BY LAURA D. FAIR-A MORAL AWAKENING FOLLOWS-THOMAS STARR KING'S CHURCH -ERECTION OF TEMPLE EL EMANUEL-GRACE CATHEDRAL-TEMPERANCE AND CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS-EDUCATIONAL WORK-GROWTH OF PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM-MODE OF SELECTING TEACHERS-COURSE OF STUDIES-MODERN LAN- GUAGES TAUGHT-NIGHT SCHOOLS-PRIVATE AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS THE HIGHER EDUCATION-THE STATE UNIVERSITY-LITERATURE-HIGHLY SEASONED WRITING- LITERATURE AS A CALLING JOURNALISM IN THE SIXTIES- WOMEN REPORTERS- NEWS GATHERING IN THE SIXTIES-ART AND ARTISTS IN THE SIXTIES-INTERIOR DECORATION-HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS-THE HOME FEELING BEGINNING TO 147 DEVELOP.
CHAPTER XLVI
DISASTERS OCCURRING DURING THE EIGHTEEN SIXTY DECADE
OPTIMISTIC TRAITS OF SAN FRANCISCANS-DISASTROUS FIRES FAILED TO DISCOURAGE THEM IN THE EARLY DAYS THE FAILURE TO TAKE PROPER PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRES-BRET HARTE'S JESTING PROPHECY-THE EARTHQUAKE OF 1868-EFFECTS OF THE SHOCK-BADLY CONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS SUFFER-THE DISTURBANCE CAUSES NO APPREHENSION-WHY SAN FRANCISCANS ARE NOT APPREHENSIVE- INCIDENTS OF THE DISTURBANCE OF 1868-NEWSPAPERS STATE REAL ESTATE ONLY TEMPORARILY AFFECTED-NO ATTEMPT TO CONCEAL THE FACTS-A NITRO GLYC- ERINE EXPLOSION-OCEAN DISASTERS IN THE FIFTIES AND SIXTIES-NO INTER- RUPTION OF PROGRESS-SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING DEPRESSION AT THE CLOSE OF THE DECADE SIXTY. .467
CHAPTER XLVII
LABOR AND OTHER TROUBLES DURING THE SEVENTIES
TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD BRINGS DISAPPOINTMENT-GROWTH OF THE ANTI MO- NOPOLY SENTIMENT-DEMANDS OF THE FARMERS-THE "DOLLY VARDEN" PARTY- BRYCE INVESTIGATES CALIFORNIA CONDITIONS-FRAUDULENT LAND GRANTS-THE PROGRESSIVE PLATFORM OF 1912 FORESHADOWED IN 1877-REVIVAL OF THE CHI- NESE QUESTION-THE FIRST APPEARANCE OF DENIS KEARNEY IN POLITICS-IRRIGA- TION AND SMALL LAND HOLDINGS-DIVERSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION-POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF WORKINGMEN. .477
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CHAPTER XLVIII
SAN FRANCISCO SURRENDERS TO THE SPIRIT OF SPECULATION
GROWTH OF COMMERCE OF THE PORT-UNHEALTHY URBAN EXPANSION-SAN FRAN- CISCO WITHOUT A RIVAL-CALIFORNIA PRODUCTS UNAPPRECIATED-GREAT CHANGES IN PRODUCTION-OIL PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES SCOUTED BY CAPITAL-DISCOVERY OF THE BIG BONANZA-FAKE MINING PROPERTIES-CORRUPT MANAGEMENT OF MINES-EVERYBODY CRAZED BY SPECULATION-EXCITING SCENES IN THE EX- CHANGES AND ON THE STREETS-VILE TRICKS OF MANIPULATORS-TREMENDOUS FLUCTUATIONS IN STOCKS-IRRATIONAL ACTIONS OF SPECULATORS-THE MANY FLEECED BY THE FEW-OUTPUT OF THE PRODUCTIVE MINES-THE ACCUMULATIONS OF A COMMUNITY ABSORBED BY SHARPERS-THE "MUD HENS" AND "PAUPER ALLEY" -THE COMSTOCK LODE-FLOOD, O'BRIEN, MACKAY AND FAIR-MANIPULATION OF BIG BONANZA STOCKS-STRUGGLES FOR CONTROL-THE BROKERS-SHEARING OF THE LAMBS AND THE RESULT. 487
CHAPTER XLIX
THE BURSTING OF THE STOCK SPECULATION BUBBLE
EFFECTS OF CALIFORNIA'S ISOLATION-A SHORT LIVED BOOM-THE EASTERN PANIC OF 1873-FAILURE OF THE BANK OF CALIFORNIA-CAREER OF WILLIAM C. RAL- STON-RISE OF RALSTON FROM THE RANKS-CAUSE OF THE FAILURE OF THE BANK OF CALIFORNIA-WILLIAM SHARON-RALSTON'S ENTERPRISE-AN EXHIBITION OF FICKLENESS AND INGRATITUDE-THE DEATH OF RALSTON-VICTIM OF A BAD SYS- TEM OF BANKING THE BANK CROWD AND FLOOD AND O'BRIEN-REHABILITATION OF BANK OF CALIFORNIA-FLOOD AND O'BRIEN START THE NEVADA BANK-THE DESIRE TO GET RICH QUICKLY-THE GREAT DIAMOND SWINDLE-THE BITERS BIT -SPECULATION IMPEDED INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT-MANUFACTURES IN 1876- LABOR'S SERIOUS MISTAKE-CROP FAILURE-UNEMPLOYED FLOCK TO THE CITY- BEGINNING OF SERIOUS LABOR TROUBLES-CONDITIONS ON EVE OF THE SAND LOT DISTURBANCES. .503
CHAPTER L
CONDITIONS ON EVE OF ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF 1879
CAUSES THAT LED TO "SAND LOT" DISTURBANCES-EVIL OF SPECIAL LEGISLATION COR- RUPTION AND WASTE-THE NEW CITY HALL-CITY TREASURY LOOTED-STREETS AND SIDEWALKS IN A DILAPIDATED STATE-KEARNEY'S DENUNCIATION OF OFFICIALS -THE NEWSPAPERS AND THE SAND LOTTERS-BOSSISM IN THE SEVENTIES BOGUS NON PARTISANISM-THE FEDERAL RING-THE SPECTACULAR CAREER OF GEORGE M. PINNEY-PINNEY BECOMES A BROKER AND A MILLIONAIRE-BECOMES INYOLVED AND FLEES THE COUNTRY-HIS RETURN RESULTS IN OVERTHROW OF REPUBLICAN PARTY -THE DESTRUCTION OF SEVERAL BANKS-BANK COMMISSION ACT OF 1878-ESTAB- LISHMENT OF CLEARING HOUSE-THE UNITED STATES MINT AND SUB-TREASURY- AVERSION FOR PAPER MONEY-INTRODUCTION OF SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS. .515
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER LI
THE SAND LOT TROUBLES AND THE NEW CONSTITUTION
STATE RIPE FOR REVOLT-THE LONG AGITATION FOR A NEW CONSTITUTION-THE LEG- ISLATURE OF 1877-78-A LONG LIST OF GOOD MEASURES TO ITS CREDIT-"PIECE" CLUBS-NUMEROUS REFORMS EFFECTED-THE MAIL DOCK RIOT AND THE PICK HAN- DLE BRIGADE-THE FIRST POLITICAL MEETINGS ON THE SAND LOT-THE WORKING- MAN'S PARTY-DENIS KEARNEY AS A LEADER-KEARNEY'S ATTAINMENTS-HISTO- RIAN BRYCE'S BLUNDER-THE MANIFESTO OF THE WORKINGMAN'S PARTY-FIRST W. P. C. TRIUMPH-SIMILARITY OF WORKINGMEN'S PLATFORM TO THAT OF 1912 PROGRESSIVES-CROCKER'S SPITE FENCE-KEARNEY SHOWS THE WHITE FEATHER- "WORK OR BREAD"-A GAG LAW PASSED-AN INADEQUATE POLICE FORCE-THE FIGHT FOR THE NEW CONSTITUTION AND ITS ADOPTION-THE NEW ORGANIC LAW NOT A SAND LOT PRODUCT-REFORMS EFFECTED-PROMINENT PART PLAYED BY "CHRONICLE" IN SECURING ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION. 529
CHAPTER LII
CONDITIONS AFTER THE ADOPTION OF THE NEW CONSTITUTION
PREDICTIONS OF DISASTER-THE LAST BIG STOCK DEAL-DEALING IN FUTURES PRO- HIBITED-NEW ORGANIC LAW IMPROPERLY DEALT WITH-WORKINGMEN CUT LOOSE FROM ALL ALLIES-KALLOCH ELECTED MAYOR OF SAN FRANCISCO-THE MURDER OF CHARLES DE YOUNG-THE ATTEMPT TO IMPEACH KALLOCH-JUDGES OVERAWED BY A "POPULAR" DEMONSTRATION-KALLOCH'S ADMINISTRATION HELD UP AS AN AWFUL EXAMPLE-JUDGE MADE LAW-RAILROAD TAXES SHIRKED-RAILROAD PRO- POSES GROSS INCOME TAX OF 215 PER CENT-REPEATED FAILURES TO ADOPT A CHAR- TER-BRYCE REVISES SOME PREVIOUSLY EXPRESSED . VIEWS-HENRY GEORGE'S SAN FRANCISCO CAREER-PREDICTIONS THAT CAME TO NAUGHT-SAN FRANCISCO'S BOSSES -CHRIS BUCKLEY PREPARING FOR LEADERSHIP-THE BOSS REPAIRS THE FORTUNES
OF THE SHATTERED DEMOCRATIC PARTY. .519
CHAPTER LIII
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE EFFORTS TO IMPROVE THE CITY
DEMAND FOR REFORM-COMMUNICATION OPENED WITH ALL PARTS OF THE STATE- STREETS AND SIDEWALKS IN BAD CONDITION-A GROWING SENTIMENT IN FAYOR OF GOOD PAVEMENTS-KEARNEY STREET WIDENED-DUPONT STREET CHANGED TO GRANT AVENUE-OBJECTION TO EXTENDING FIRE LIMITS-SUTRO'S INVESTMENTS IN REAL ESTATE-JAMES LICK AND HIS BEQUESTS-CITY HALL CONSTRUCTED ON THE IN- STALLMENT PLAN-GETTING RID OF THE SAND DUNES-THE PALACE HOTEL OPENED -BALDWIN HOTEL-CONGESTION IN DOWN TOWN DISTRICTS-POPULATION SPREAD- ING WESTWARD- SOUTH OF THE SLOT"-DRIFTING AWAY FROM THE MISSION DIS- TRICT-CHANGES EFFECTED BY IMPROVED TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES-INVENTION OF THE CABLE TRACTION SYSTEM-THE FIRST CABLE ROAD-COAXING INVESTORS TO
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CONTENTS
BUILD STREET RAILWAYS-STREET CAR FARES REDUCED TO FIVE CENTS-GREAT DE- MAND FOR STREET CAR FRANCHISES-WHOLESALE GRANT OF FRANCHISES-NOB HILL MANSIONS-ACTIVITY OF REAL ESTATE DEALERS-RECLAMATION OF GOLDEN GATE PARK-MULTIPLICATION OF URBAN CONVENIENCES-FIRST ELECTRIC LIGHT-TELE- PHONE INTRODUCED-WATER SUPPLY-RAILWAY AND SEA TRANSPORTATION ... 565
CHAPTER LIV
SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND THE UNREST DURING THE SEVENTIES
THE CHINESE QUESTION-FEDERAL COURTS AND CHINESE-THE CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT-VOTE ON CHINESE EXCLUSION IN 1879-CHINESE SERVANTS-SAN FRANCISCO HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS-THE WINE DRINKING HABIT-THE FREE LUNCH-SAN FRANCISCANS NOT GIVEN TO DISPLAY-VULGAR OSTENTATION NOT COMMON-RICH MEN WITH SMALL ESTABLISHMENTS-SOCIAL CHANGES-DECLINING INFLUENCE OF THE PIONEER-CENTENARY OF FOUNDING OF THE MISSION-SUNDAY OBSERVANCE- THE TREATING HABIT-MERCANTILE LIBRARY LOTTERY-SALMI MORSE'S PASSION PLAY-THE AUTHORS CARNIVAL-A LAW ABIDING PEOPLE-RECEPTION OF GENERAL GRANT-CELEBRATIONS AND PAGEANTS-AMUSEMENT-VOGUE OF OPERA BOUFFE- CHANGE IN TASTE OF THEATERGOERS-SPORTS-RACING ENCOURAGED-EVIDENT WANE OF NEGRO MINSTRELSY-FIRST PRODUCTION OF "PINAFORE" IN AMERICA- PROBABLE ORIGIN OF MOVING PICTURE IDEA-PRIZE FIGHTING BASEBALL-WALKING CONTESTS-CHILDREN'S SPORTS-NEARBY RESORTS-GROWTH OF SUBURBS ..... 595
CHAPTER I.V VARIED ACTIVITIES OF THE PEOPLE OF A GROWING CITY
SAN FRANCISCO POLICE FORCE IMPROVED-A GANG OF BANDITS EXTERMINATED-TWO NOTORIOUS CRIMINAL CASES THE DELAYS OF THE LAW-A TWICE DISPOILED BANK -FIGHT FOR THE PROTECTION OF SAILORS-THE BARBARY COAST-THE BAR AND ATTEMPTS AT REFORM OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE-COLONEL E. D. BAKER AND OTHER NOTED LAWYERS OF SAN FRANCISCO-JUSTICE FIELD OF THE SUPREME COURT- CALIFORNIA'S FIRST CHIEF JUSTICE-THE RAILROAD AND THE LEGAL PROFESSION- CORPORATION LAWYERS IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION-JOURNALISTIC IN- FLUENCE DURING THE PERIOD-GEORGE K. FITCH AND THE "BULLETIN"-THE "SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE"-THE "ARGONAUT" AND ITS FOUNDER-BEGINNINGS OF THE SUNDAY MAGAZINE IN DAILY PAPERS-WELL KNOWN WRITERS-ART IN THE SEVENTIES AND EARLY EIGHTIES-LIBRARIES-CALIFORNIA'S FREE LIBRARY SYSTEM -HENRY GEORGE'S LAND THEORIES AND HIS GREAT BOOK-JOHN F. SWIFT'S POLITI- CAL NOVEL-JOAQUIN MILLER-ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON'S LIFE IN SAN FRANCISCO -BANCROFT'S PACIFIC COAST HISTORIES-MONT EAGLE UNIVERSITY-STANFORD'S FOUNDATION-EDUCATIONAL-PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS. 619
CHAPTER LVI
TRANSPORTATION TROUBLES OF SAN FRANCISCO MERCHANTS
RAILROAD COMMISSIONERS CORRUPTED BY THE CORPORATION-EFFORTS TO REGULATE DEFEATED-CORPORATION COMPELLED TO PAY ITS BACK TAXES-THE FRESNO RATE
xxvi
CONTENTS
CASE-BUYING OFF SEA COMPETITORS-MERCHANTS SHOW SIGNS OF REVOLTING- FORMATION OF TRAFFIC ASSOCIATION- THE TRANSCONTINENTAL ASSOCIATION- NORTH AMERICAN NAVIGATION COMPANY-THE MOVEMENT TO BUILD A COMPETING RAILROAD-SUBSCRIPTIONS TO SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY RAILROAD-TERMINAL FACILI- TIES SECURED-THE ROAD TURNED OVER TO THE ATCHISON, TOPEKA AND SANTA FE- THE PEOPLE BETRAYED-PACIFIC COAST JOBBERS AND MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIA- TION-GROWTH OF SOUTHERN PACIFIC SYSTEM-MONETARY TROUBLES OF 1893- 649
BUSINESS DEPRESSION IN SAN FRANCISCO.
CHAPTER LVII
MONETARY PECULIARITIES OF SAN FRANCISCO AND CALIFORNIA
THE USE OF GOLD COIN IN CALIFORNIA-WHY THE STATE WAS ABLE TO MAINTAIN SPECIE PAYMENTS-AN EXCESS OF SUBSIDIARY SILVER CAUSES TROUBLE IN SAN FRANCISCO-THE VARIABLE "BIT" AND THE HOSTILITY TO THE 5-CENT NICKEL- THE TRADE DOLLAR EXPERIMENT- IGNORANCE OF EFFECT OF SILVER DEMON- ETIZATION IN SAN FRANCISCO-THE TRADE DOLLAR REDEMPTION JOB-FALL IN SILVER PRICES INJURES MINING INDUSTRY-CAPITAL AND RATES OF INTEREST- BANK CLEARINGS-THE CRISIS OF 1893 AND THE SUBSEQUENT BUSINESS DEPRESSION -CALIFORNIA PRODUCERS SUFFER FROM FALLING PRICES-SAN FRANCISCO VEGE- TATES-HAWAIIAN TRADE-TEA MARKET SLIPS AWAY-IMPORTANCE OF ALASKAN TRADE- CUTTING UP BIG RANCHES-OPERATIONS OF MINT AND SUBTREASURY- OBSTACLES TO MANUFACTURING DEVELOPMENT-AGRICULTURE-IMMIGRATION. . 663
CHAPTER LVIII
NUMEROUS AND SERIOUS LABOR TROUBLES IN THE CITY
LABOR CONDITIONS IN 1883-CHANGED RELATIONS OF EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYED- DIMINISHING NUMBER OF CHINESE-AN ANARCHISTIC ASSOCIATION-THE INTER- NATIONALS-CAREER OF BURNETT G. HASKELL, SOCIALIST AND AGITATOR-PROPA- GANDA OF THE FEDERATED TRADES STRIKE OF FOUNDRY WORKERS IN 1885- STRIKE OF THE BREWERS-SAILORS MAINTAIN A LONG STRIKE- TRADES UNIONS RECEIVE A SETBACK-FORMATION OF AN EMPLOYERS ASSOCIATION-TRADES UNIONS AGAIN ACTIVE-UNSKILLED LABOR ORGANIZED-UNIONS ENGAGE IN POLITICS ENTER ABE RUEF-NUMEROUS STRIKES IN 1901-THE TEAMSTERS' STRIKE-THE ALLIANCE AND THE TEAMSTERS-POSITION OF THE EMPLOYERS-SCENES OF VIO- LENCE-GOVERNOR GAGE INTERVENES-RUEF AND THE WORKINGMEN-FORMATION OF WORKINGMEN'S PARTY-PLATFORM OF WORKINGMEN-ELECTION OF SCHMITZ -CLAIM THAT HE MADE CITY PROSPEROUS-SCHMITZ REELECTED TWICE-RUEF'S METHODS-THE BOSS SUPERSEDED BY RUEF-CHRIS BUCKLEY. 681
CHAPTER LIX SAN FRANCISCO MAKES MANY EXPERIMENTS IN MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
REPEATED EFFORTS TO SECURE A NEW ORGANIC LAW-THE CONSOLIDATION ACT FINALLY DISCARDED- A CONTINUOUS STRUGGLE FOR REFORM-AUSTRALIAN BALLOT ADOPTED
xxvii
CONTENTS
-OLD TIME PRIMARY FARCES-A GREATLY IMPROVED PRIMARY LAW-THE BOSSES AND THE STRATTON PRIMARY LAW-IT MERELY RESULTS IN GIVING THE CITY A NEW SET-BOSSES PROFIT BY DIVISION OF THE RESPECTABLE ELEMENT-THE RAILROAD POLITICIANS AND BOSSES WERE NOT INNOVATORS-SCANDALS ATTENDING ELECTION OF LELAND STANFORD-DOMINATION OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL POLITICS BY THE RAILROAD-INCREASED MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURES BUT FEW IMPROVEMENTS- CHANGES PRODUCED BY ADOPTION OF CHARTER OF 1898-NO ECONOMIES EFFECTED -A MORE EXPENSIVE FORM OF GOVERNMENT-CITY SECURES LOCAL AUTONOMY- THE CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT-MERCHANTS' ASSOCIATION AND ITS ACTIVITIES- IT FURNISHES MANY VALUABLE OBJECT LESSONS-DOLLAR LIMIT DEPARTED FROM- IMPROVEMENT CLUBS-CIVIL SERVICE LAW-COST OF CITY GOVERNMENT-VOTING MACHINES-WOMAN SUFFRAGE DEFEATED IN 1896-THE INITIATIVE IN SAN FRAN- CISCO-OWNERSHIP OF PUBLIC UTILITIES GEARY STREET ROAD-TAXATION 701 CHARGES.
CHAPTER LX
FREQUENT ALTERNATIONS OF ACTIVITY AND DEPRESSION
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY EFFECTIVE-PROGRESS IN SPITE OF POLITICAL DRAWBACKS-AD- VERSITY AND PROSPERITY WELL BALANCED GRIEVANCES SOON FORGOTTEN- GREAT INCREASE IN SAVINGS BANKS DEPOSITS-RESOURCES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS ENLARGED-ACTIVITY FOLLOWS SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR-THE MIDWINTER FAIR OF 1894-THE RAILROAD RIOTS OF 1894-TRANSMUTING CLIMATE INTO GOLD- SAN FRANCISCO HARSHLY CRITICIZED-THE KLONDIKE GOLD DISCOVERY AND THE RUSH TO ALASKA-A MILD REVIVAL OF MINING SPECULATION-HYDRAULIC MINING STOPPED BY COURTS GOLD DREDGING-EXPANSION OF GENERAL MINING INDUSTRY -AGRICULTURE-RAPID URBAN DEVELOPMENT-IMPEDIMENTS TO MANUFACTUR- ING GROWTH-FIGURES THAT DECEIVED-TRADES UNION RESTRICTIONS-MANUFAC- TURES IN 1904-IMPORTANCE OF HARBOR RECOGNIZED-HARBOR COMMISSION A POLITICAL MACHINE-CORRUPTION AND WASTE ON WATER FRONT-CITIZENS' COMMITTEE FORMULATE PLANS OF IMPROVEMENT-IMPROVED SHIPPING FACILITIES -HAWAIIAN AND ALASKAN TRADE-FAILURE OF A BIG WHEAT DEAL-LUMBER AND COAL TRADE-THE OIL INDUSTRY-DOMESTIC SHIPPING INDUSTRY-THE UNION IRON WORKS-WAR SHIPS BUILT- OTHER SHIPBUILDING CONCERNS. 723
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