USA > Connecticut > The trade of Revolutionary Connecticut > Part 16
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24 Stiles. I. 497.
25 Stiles, II. rassim. Fall, pp. 81-84. A mmber of other Now London shippers were associated with Nathaniel Shaw, but the ownership was listed as "Nathaniel Shaw & Co."
26 Collier. p. 20. In the summer of 1778 naval quarters in Now York estimated the chances against an unarmed British ship reaching England from New York as three to one. Trevelyan, Part III, p. 346 ftn.
243.
to the considerable success of privateors in the 1778-1782 period.27 The British losses from American privatoers as a whole reached serious proportions and caused grave alarm. Lloyd's of London listed losses, as follows,28
Year
Vorchantmen taken
Retaken
Net 1088
American privateer losses
1776
229
51
178
6
1777
331
52
279
18
1778
359
87
272
16
1779
487
106
381
31
1780
581
260
321
34
1781
587
211
376
40
1782
415
99
316
68
1783
98
13
85
3
In 1779 eighteen prizes were brought into New London; and in 1781, among others, the Hannah, taken by the Minerva. The Hannah's cargo estimated at £80,000 constituted the most valuable single prize taken by a Connecticut privateeraman. Its seizure, incidentally, may have been an important factor in causing Arnold's raid upon New London. 29 Many privateers were destroyed by Arnold's men, but the raid failed to wipe out all such activity as the British had hoped, since at least three prizes were brought into port in November, 1781. 20.
27 These notices were particularly common in the Courant in 1779 and 1780.
A typical notice may be found in the issue for July 20, 1779.
28Adapted from Middlebrook, II, 5. Middlebrook states that Lloyd's figures are far from being strictly accurate.
29 Ibid., II, 163-164; Avery, p. 77. Good fortune alone had saved New London from earlier direct attack. Only unfavorable winds deterred Clinton from attacking in September, 1778 so that he sent General Green on to Bedford where about seventy privateers were turnt. William M. James, The British Havy in Adversity (London, 1926), p. 108.
soCollier, p. 25.
244.
In the later stages of the struggle, privateering became too popular for the good of the regular Army and Navy and the State forces. Pay was low and was often greatly delayed in both services, whereis the possibility of getting rich quickly made privateering very alluring. " On May 27, 1781 Lt .- Col. William Ledyard of New London wrote to Governor Trumbull that the two artillery companies under his command did not fill up because "the great mmmber of Privateers that have been fitted out this season with the great success they have had has taken almost all the men away that would leave home from this quarter."32 Likewise, pen 2 Like tended to prefer privateering to the more disciplined, lower paid service in the Continental Navy. 33
Privateering played an important part, therefore, in the economic life of Revolutionary Connecticut. Its effects were confined largely to coastal and river toms. By and large, privateering did not bring sound prosperity, nor largo overall profits. It brought color and excitement, occasional rich prizes, many fruitless cruises, and frequent complete loss of vessel and capture of the crew. No seaport in Connecticut grewwealthy from privateering not even New London, the chief conter. In fact, New London, in general, languished through the war.
31 Actually a successful cruise did not mean immediate rewards. Sometimes weeks or months passed before the courts and agents proceeded through a slow routine. When the time to pay off came, many had sold their shares; and depreciation had hit the rest. Morse, p. 82.
SZQuoted in Record of Connecticut Men in the Revolution, p. 607 from Trumbull Papers.
33 Harold and Margaret Sprout, Riso of American Naval Power . (Princeton, 1942), p. 11; Carrol Storrs Alden and Allan Westcott, The United States Navy (Philadelphia, 1943), p. 12.
34Caulkins, New London, p. 536.
245.
The vast majority of the individuals engaged probably lost money, although an occasional operator had good fortune. On the whole, privateering provided a poor substitute for normal peacetime foreign and coastal trade.' 35 It at times retarded the Continental Navy and Army recruiting efforts, but the heavy damage it inflicted upon the British merchant marine probably hastened the end of the War. Connecticut privateersmon captured close to five hundred ships brought into Connecticut ports plus many taken to other friendly ports.36
35 Ibid., Caulkins, Norwich, p. 406; Bollos, p. 573; Wooden, p. 772; Admas, p. 51.
36
Middlebrook, 11, 258.
CHAPTER XVI
Local Trade
1. Introduction
The War bad a severe impact upon looal trade throughout Connecticut. Local markets found their accustomed channels of supplies slowed up or partly diverted, or both. Supply and demand got out of balanco, with demand often outrunning supply which resulted in prices being bid up. Camdssaries for the State and Continental foroes sooured the countryside and bought up large amounts of supplies for the armed forces. Moreover, ounters of wealth tended to draw scarce products ery from their normal market. In most sections, at various times, a real labor shortage developed which curtailed production both of agricultural and of manufactured goods. As is usual in wartime, substitution of more plentiful for soaroo itans was common, even though the substitute was usually less satisfactory.
The effects of the wartime situation varied greatly as regarded individuals and even towns and rural sections. For some merchants the war braight great prosperity; for others it spelled depression or even 1
2. The Hartford market
Hartford affords an excellent case study in the impact of the Revolutionary War upon mercantile activity. Due to its location in the center of the State, safely removed from the likelihood of British
-
T
Jeremiah Wadsworth is an example of the olass which prospered greatly; Governor Trumbull, of the class which was practically ruined.
247.
incursions, Hartford suffered less interruption of its commercial life. Its agricultural hinterland, also, did not have to fear British attacks, and remained in unusually good condition for sustained production. Moreover, the amount of traffic on the exposed shore road greatly declined, and large amounts of "cross-state" and inter-state trade wero diverted to the middle route through Hartford! To all those items oen be added others which quickened commercial activities. Most of the meetings of the general assembly were hold there as New Haven was considered too dangerous. In addition, supply depots and a French hospital, were located there." Yet despite an unusual number of favoring factors for commercial life, Hartford was deeply and often unfavorably affected by the War and its countless economic repercussions.
A careful study of advertisers in the Courant reveals a remarkably large "turnover" in personnel. Very few of those advertising in 1773, for example, were still advertising five years later in 1778; and fower still in 1783, at the end of the war. Of the thirty-two Hartford merchants appearing at any time in 1773 issues, only ton advertised in 1778; and only seven of the original 1773 group, in 1783. It is noteworthy, though, that most of those who lasted to 1778, still remained active in 1783.
A comparison of two successive war years, tay 1778 and 1779, again shows the great extent of the "turnover." In 1778 thirty-eight Hartford merchants appeared; in 1779, forty. But, only twenty-one appeared in both years. In other words, seventeen of the 1778 group failed to advertise in 1779, and nineteen now advertisers were enrolled. The
2 Robert B. Fast, Business Enterprise in the American Revolutionary Era (New York, 1938), p. 82. During the war part of Hartford's commercial gain was made at the expense of New Haven which was closely restricted by the British. Ibid., 233.
248.
turnover, therefore, came close to fifty per cent. If one compares, as a random sample, the issue of December 9, 1783 with that of ten years earlier, December 7, 1773, he finds that not one of the thirteen advertisers of the later issue had appeared in the earlier one. Huch can be learned from Courant files about the extent of specialization, and about the personnel of merchants in the different categories of trade.
249.
Important Hartford Merchants Classified3
(1) Dry Goods (cloth, clothing, ribbons, rugs-and "European goods" in general )
Stephen Austin (& Co.)
Samuel Marsh
Caleb Bull
Stophon Nears
Frederick Bull
George Merrell
William Coit
Willian Rogers
Mrs. Collyer
William Soymour
Peter Colt
Poter Verstill.
Thomas Hopkins
Jeremiah Wadsworth
Samuol Wesootto
William Lalay Daniel Jones
John Burbridge (hatter)
Hugh Ledlio
Cotton Murray ( tailor)
(2) Leather Goods ( shoes, saddles, breeches, oxhides)
Stephen Austin
Frederick Bull
George Morrell
Moses Smith
Caleb and Ebenezer Moor
(3) Druge
Ebenezer and Hezekiah Boardsley
William Jepson
Lynde [ and Marble]
Hezekiah Morrell
Smith and Coit
Solomon Smith
(4) Books
Caleb Bull
Hezekiah Morrell
Nathanial Patton
(5) West Indies Goods (sugar, molasses, rum, .to.)
Joseph Barrett
John Broom
John Caldroll
William Lawrenoo
Solah Norton
Ebenezer Platt
Jeremiah Wadsworth 5
(6) East Indies
(Asiatic) Goods (spices, tea, etc. )
.
Jamos Bull
Mrs. Collyer
William Lawrence
John Skinner
(7) "India Gooda"
Stephen Moars
Samuel Wesootto
3 The List is confined to Hartford merchants who advertised a total of at least four or more times in a period covering all or part of two different years, or more.
.
250.
(8) Liquors (wine, brandy, etc. )
Ebenezer Bernard John Chenovard
William Ellery Joseph Hart
(9) Hardware and Glass
Aaron Bull (glass) George Burnham (files, locks)
Consider Burt (spinning wheel s) Josiah Gibbs
(10) Iron, Iron Goods, Stoel
Goorgo Caldwell Peter Colt (steel, 1783) John Morgan
Elnathan Smith (nails) Jared Stovens William Tiley ·
Peter Vandervoort (iron, wholesale) .
(11) Pottery, China
William Ellery
Isaao Seymour
(12) Jewelry, Clocks
E. Austin Enos Doolittle (@looks)
Thomas Hilldrup (watches) James Tiloy
(13) Guns, Powder
Josiah Blakley (powder
Daniel Hinsdale (gunlooks)
(14) Miscellaneous
John Cable bakery
Bevil Webster-indigo
In all, approximately one hundred and fifty-three Hartford and one hundred and sixty-five non-Hartford merchants advertised during the war period. A few of the mon in the list were manufacturers primarily, such as Jacob Ogden of Colebrook, the stoel maker; but the great majority were chiefly merchants of the retail type.
251
OLD INNA Of CONNECTICUT
A PLAN OF MAIN STREET, HARTFORD, SHOWING THE BUILDINGS AND OCCUPANTS AT THE PERIOD OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
Burr St.
Jonathan Wadsworth, ' Sca Captain.
Samuel Tedrott, Mischant.
Cil. Talrutt's Store.
Cotton Murray's Turern.
Daniel What's Cooper's shop.
Dr. Lemuel Hopkins.
Dr. Ehakim Fish.
Zachariah Pratt. Farmer.
Thomas Sloane a Blacksmith & shop. Win. Pratt, Farmer.
Joseph Pratt, Farmer.
Samuel Wadsworth, Farmer and Son Cupl. "David Bull's Tarein.
Jaines Church, Merchant. John Nevins, Cooper and Butcher.
Haynes Lord.
Old Gove, Shoe maker.
Ebenezer Austin's Goldenutli's shop.
Carrier's listanet shop.
:James Moosklar, Bisher. School house.
First Society Meeting house.
Brown, Chair inaker ..
Stephen Austin, Tailor.
Capt: Howthis.
Watson's Printing ofce.
Wilham Stanley.
Widow Heppy Scyinour or Skinner. . Litt'
SMoses Butler's Tarern ... Samuel Howard, Farmer.
Thomas Seymour, Esqr. Lawyer .-
Parson Whitman. Lane Tucker, Marksmith. -
Gideon Bung's house .-
Elisha Burnham's Blacksouth's shop.
South Meeting house.
Parson Buckingham .-
Dr. Jepson .- a
Parsonage house.
Wm. Adams' Shoe maker's shop.
South Green.
Joseph Talcott, Treasurer.
Pelatiah Pierce, Farmer:
B. Col. Samuel Talcott.
g - Williamn Muscly, Esqr.
g . Dr. John Endicott.
n Timothy Phelps, Cabinet maker.
a - Richard Shepherd, Tailor.
Dr. Jepson and Judge Root. Capt. Caleb Bull .. Dr. Morrison.
· George Smith, Sea Captain.
Court House.
Dr. Mclean.I
.. Dr. Hezekiah Merrils."
J
w. Susy Butter's.
John Chinevard, Sen Captain ...
Thomas Hopkins, Sea Captain.
Flugg Turern.
. Stephen Meers, Various Trades.
. Dracon Ezra Corning, Shoe maker.
Col. Wadsworth.
® Benjamin Payne, Esqr. Lawyer.
. Jaines Caldwell, Sea Cuptain.
Elisha Shepherd, Shoe maker.
River.
Dr. Bull, and Rev. Abraham Beach, Episco pal minister.
a - Old Will Hooker, Butcher and Blacksmith. M .- Burnhain house.
B-Grove house.
9-Aston Bull, Sea Captain and Shoe maker.
Capt. Danicl Sheldon, Farmer.
Amos Hinsdale's Tavern.
from Barber's Historical Collections
250.
Number of Commercial Advertisements in the Courant
Year
Fron Hartford
From Outside Hartford
Total
1773
32
18
60
1774
29
10
39
1775
30
13
43
1776
33
13
48
1777
18
16
34
1778
38
35
73
1779
40
28
68
1780
33
18
51
1781
51
24
75
1782
27
20
47
1783
37
26
63
Total
368
221
3895
Approximately sixty-two per cent of the advertisements in the decade were by Hartford men, a ratio which holds roughly for most of the individual years. The mmber of advertisers remained fairly steady with a peak . of seventy-five in 1782 and a minimum of thirty-four in 1777. The low total for 1777 can be explained largely by the shortage of paper so that many issues consisted of two pages (one sheet) instead of the usual four, and advertisements were then usually entirely or partially omitted.
Relatively fow Hartford merchants advertised consistently through the war period. Not one advertised in every one of the eleven years -
involved. The leaders in consistency and smount were as followss
4 East Hartford merchants are included in the Hartford group.
Excluded from this table are want-ads, legal notices, lost-and- found, real estate, and goods for sale by the editor(s).
253.
Name Type of Merchandise Advertisements
Number of
Years
Caleb Bull, Jr.
Clothing, books
107
. 10
Thomas Hilldrup
Watches, liquor, groceries
82
10
Nathaniel Patton
Booka
80
8
George (and Daniel) Merrel
Leather goods and English goods
62
8
Stephen Austin
Leather goods
58
8
James Tiley
Jeweler
57
8
Thomas Hopkins
English and India goods
53
9
William Ellery
Liquor, West Indies goods, china
53
9
Enos Doolittle
Cloaks
42
8
Only Caleb Bull of this group could possibly have had a standing order for advertising space in every issue of the Courant for any substantial part of the decade. As a whole, this group can be considered as among Eartford's leading merchants.
Mon-Hartford merchants, representing zeny parts of Connecticut and of neighboring states as well, also advertised in the Courant. Among the localities which fell into this category were the following:
I. In. Connecticut
Berlin
Yew London
Cansan
Xeur Milford
Colebrook
6
Newtom
East Windsor
Norwich
Enfield6
Northfield
Farmington6
Pooky Hill
Glastonbury
Salisburyº
Goshen
Southington
Hebron
Stafford
Killingworth
Suffiold
Lebanon
Torrington
Litchfield7
Wallingford
Mansfield
Waterbury
Middle Haddemm
Westfield
Middletam 7
Wethersfield7
Now Britain
Windsor6
Now Baron
Woodbury
+
6 Five to nine advertisers.
Ten, or more, advertisers.
254.
II. Cut-of-State Group
Boston
Springfield
Great Barrington Northampton Pittsfield
Stockbridge
Wilbraham
Providence
South Hadley
Now York
Westchester County (New York)
3. Wethersfield, Middletom and Litchfield merchants
The contingents from Wethersfield, Middletom and Litchfield aro
large enough to give one a good picture of the leading merchants in these toms.
(1) Wethersfield 1
Product
Years Advertising
William Boadle 8
Dry goods
1773-75, 1777-78, 1781
Platt Brooms
Wino
1778, 1780
Leonardus Chester
Dry goods
1775-76
Barnabas Deano
1775, 1783
Thomas Denny
Tanning
1780
Ezekiel Posdiok
Wool and cotton cards
1781
Samual Fanger
Timber
1783
Alexander Eunt Joseph Nay
Fins, paper, groceries
1783
Justus Riley Lovi Riley
Indigo
1776
Jemos Wallace
Dry goods
1778
European, West Indies goods
1783
West Indies goods
1774
West Indies goods
1776, 1779
(2) Middletown
Bates and Austin Samuel Buell William Clay
Dry goods
1782
Silversmith
1777, 1779-80
"Russia duok"
1780
James Cornell
Wino 1783
William Durio
French indigo
1777-78
Wine, sugar, spices
1777-78
E. Fanno Samuel Gill
West Indies goods
1775-76
8 Beadle suffered staggering losses from currency depreciation, became deranged and killed his wife, four children and himself on December 11, 1782. Stiles, Wethersfield, pp. 696-697.
Lime juice
1780-81
West Indies goods
1776
George Watson Joseph Wobb John Wright .
Merchant
255.
(2) Middletown (Cont.)
Merchant
Produot
Years Advertising
Thomas Groen
English, East and West Indies goods
1775-76
Wensley Hobby
Dry goods
1778-79, 1781-83
Elijah Hubbard
West Indies goods
1783
Mary Jehonet [Johomet]
Dry goods
1775-76
Joseph King
Wine
1778
James Lamb (& Son)
Dry goods
1776-77
Silas Laurens
Salt, oil
1779
Giles Margo
Nail rods
1779
Return Mergo
Copperas
1781
Jonathan Palmer
Rum, salt, breeches
1780
Joshua Plumb
Codfish
1774
John Rogers
Druma
1774-75
Ebenezer Sage
Coats, train oil
1777-78
Comfort Sage
West Indies goods
1782
Lemuel Storrs
Dry and West Indies goods
1782
George Thomson
European and Indies goods
1773
Jacob Whittemore
Teapots
1781
Chauncey Whittlesey
1778
Dr. Willis
Drugs
1773
(3) Litchfield
Abraham Bradley
Tobacco
1773
David Buell
"Camphire car"
1778
Charles Collens
Dry goods
1783
Elijah Frisbio
Dry goods, rum, popper
1777, 1780
Ebenezer Marsh and J. Beers
Oil of vitriol
1783
Moses: Seymour
Copperas
1777
Thomas Shelda
Indigo
1778-9, 1781
Elias Shipman
Dry gooda
1780
Jedidiah Strong
Mulberry plants
1777
Benjamin Tallmadge
East and West Indies goods
1783
4. Individual merchants and their problems
Vost of the merchants continued throughout the war to take goods for goods-a reflection of the desperate shortage of specie. A typical advertisement from New London exemplifies this situation,
9 Tallmadge directed his appeal to the soldiers of the Revolution. Ho had a war record and still headed the Second Regiment so that he apparently hoped to attract the veteran trade. C. C., August 26, 1783.
256.
JUST IMPORTED BY JABEZ . PERKINS
And to be sold at his Store at Norwich-landing, A Quantity of choice good COD-FISH, fit for any Gentleman's use. Also a few Barrels Liver Oil. N.B. Wheat, Rye, or Indian Corn will be received in pay for FISH.10
On November 3, 1778 William Ellery of Hartford advertised his willingness to exchange "choice Hispaniola molasses" for flour, wheat, rye, or Indian Corn. 11
One can reasonably expect that more than a few of the younger merchants left their shops to join the Army or Havy. This desire is reflected in an advertisement of Leonardus Chester of Wethersfield in 1776 announcing the selling out in wholesale or retail lots of his large stook of iron, wood, English, India and home goods, etc. in order that he could take an motivo part in the War. He would take wheat, rye, corn, flax, flaxseed, beef, pork tallow, lard, butter, cheese, and tobacco, in exchange.12
After the French Alliance was consummated, a trickle of French goods and French money appeared in Connecticut and grow in volume toward the end of the War. S. Austin and Co. of Hartford advertised in 1782:
AN ELEGANT ASSORTMENT of Chintzes and Calliooes Just imported in the last Vessels from France, and to be sold at the store of 3. AUSTIN and CO. Hartford, May 6, 1782.
10 Gazette, January 26; February 2, 9, 1776.
11 c. C., November 3, 1778.
12
April 22, 1776.
257.
Nathaniel Shaw carried on an enormous amount of local and intra-stato trade. Among the many Connecticut merchants with whom he dealt were Samuel Olcott, Peter Colt, and Ralph Pomeroy of Hartford; Henry Billings, Samuel Broom, Howland and Coit, Andrew, Ebenezer, Jabez and Joshua Huntington, Christopher Leffingwell, John Perit, Leonard Van Buren, and Ebenezer Whiting of Norwich; John Broome and James Rioe of New Haven; Samuel Burling of Middletown; Barnabas Deane of Wethersfield, Theophilus Morgan of Killingworth; John MoCurdy of Lyme; Moses Buch, Thomas Johnson, and Thomas Pelton of Chatham; Phineas Stanton and Doo Newman of Stonington; John Cable and Elijah Hallester of Glastonbury; Abijah Beebe of East Haddam; Samuel Lynd of Saybrook; Sam Squier of Fairfield and Thomas Wickham of East Hampton; and Edward Hallam, Henry Deshon, and John Hulbert of New London. 13
Shaw had a very active trade with the firm of Howland and Coit of Norwich. On January 4, 1779 the Norwich firm sent Shaw a bill for about 23000 with this request "Should be glad if you would send us One Thousand Pounds by Capt. King-should not make this request but we are so Crowded on for Money that we are almost Crazy." Later in that year Shaw's debt reached the impressive total of £13723 10sh. 10d.14
William Ellery ranked as one of the more active Hartford merchants. His acoount books exhibit scores of large and small sales at his store, of which a typical transaction was the following of June 2, 1781.
13 Nathaniel Shaw, "Letters, 1776;" also, "Accounts, 1779.
14. Tbid.
.
258.
Benjamin] Waters
To 1 qt. Rumm to Apr. 3 H[w] Egd 1-6
To 1 qt. Jamaica D 3-0
To Cash in Chang [gd States] Money -- 3
To 1 qt. Raum 1 qt. Ditto 6-0
To 1 qt. N Engd Rua 1-6 .
₺ 0-12-315
Ellery traded considerably with Peter Vandervoort, formerly of New York who moved to Hartford at the start of the War. Among the products involved in their trading in 1780-82 were Lisbon wine, raisins, mutton, salt, veal, iron bars, nail rods, and handkerchiefs.16
Ellery dealt with many persons from other parts of Connecticut, and from neighboring states as well, which seems to have been a common phenomenon among leading Fartford merchants. For example, in 1776 Ellery had transactions with Leicester Payne of Woodstock, Uriah Brigham of Coventry, William Wadsworth of East Hartford, David Sexton of Deerfield, Anthony Meworth of Newport, and Benjamin [J]epson of Boston, 17
5. Norwich and New Haven markets
The Norwich market does not appear to have been as active as that of Hartford and vicinity, for the Norwich Packet contained a much lower average of advertising than the Courant, although the overall size of the paper was about the same. 18 Among the more important advertisers were Christopher Leffingwell, Elinkim Perry (leather dressing).
-
15 William Ellery's Account Book, p. 172.
16 Boardman Collection, VIII, 3110.
William Ellery's Account Book, passin.
15 "Norwich's business picked up markedly after 1780. Caulking, Norwich, pp. 391, 397, 408.
259.
Zabdiel Rogers (East and West Indies goods ), Andrew Huntington (United States lottery tickets), Ezra Huntington (maltster), Edmund Darrow (steel, tea, indigo ), Jedidiah Huntington (commissary wanted food for army), Thomas and Russell Hubbard (salt, sugar, tea), Elijah Backus (steel, nails), Dudley Woodbridge (salt), and Samuel Woodbridge (European and West Indies goods).
New Haven as the largest town settlement in the State was represented . by a large mercantile element which, harever, was sorely affected by the War. Like other towns on the Sound, New Haven was fairly closely blockaded; and her foreign trade especially was largely broken up. A moderate amount of coastal trade out of How Haven and other Connectiout parts did continue. For example, in the period of September 27, 1776 through July 2, 1779 ships entered imwards at How Haven from Connecticut ports as follows: from Now London -- thirteon; Norwalk -- three; Middletown -- two; and Stonington -- one. In addition, forty-one ships entered from Massachusetts and Rhode Island ports. 19
Valuable information as to the nature of the shipping interests of revolutionary Now Raven may be gleaned from a brief study of the registry of ships at the port. The year 1779 has been taken as an example.
,
19 New Haven Coasters Inward.
260.
Date of Registration
Ship
Master
Tonnage
When Built
Built
Jan. 11
Sloop Friend- ship
Leverell
30
1778
Killingworth
Elijah Austin, William Eliot and Archibald Austin
Feb. 8
Sloop John
William Davidson
36
Prize Vessel
?
Amos Morris, Isaac Hotchkiss, and John Hemingway
Feb. 15
Schooner Sally
Elijah Forbes
40
Prize
?
Elias Shipman, Joseph Howell, Benjamin Sanford, Russell Clark,and Elijah Forbos
Feb. 23
Sloop Lord Sterling
William Brintpal
35
1776 Branford
Porrepont Ed- wards, Janos Gilbert, Thazas Wooster, Josiah Burr, Michael Todd
Mar. 6
Schooner Betsy
Christopher Hughes
70
Prize
?
Josse Leaven- worth, Robert Fairchild, James Gilbert, James Driscoll, and Henry Daggett
Mar. 9
Sloop Fanny
William Miles
30
Prize
?
Joseph Howell, Eben [?] Samiol Huggins, Timothy Atwater, Willian Miles
Mar. 11
Sloop Goodwill
Ben jamin Brown
30
1772 Derlig
Benjamin Brown, Benjamin Sanford William Holms, Gad Willis, Thaddeus [Cock]
Way 29
Schooner Dollz
Ebenezer Barkor
35
1770 Massachusetts Pierrepont Ed-
warda, John Russill, Enoch Staples, Edmund Rogers
Sept. 14
Sloop Sally
Benjamin Mallory
15
1774 Glastonbury
Joseph Mallory, Enos Hemmingway, Leverett Parde, Abijah Parde
There
amora
Hubbard, Jr.
261.
Date of Registration
Ship
Master
Tonnage
When
Built
Where Built
Dec. 2
Schooner Friendship
William Miles
45
1773
Plymouth
Omers
Joseph Howell, Joseph Trow- bridge, (Caleb [Tr -- ], Ebenezer Peck, William Milos20
From a study of the thirty three ships registered at New Haven in the period of January 11, 1777-October 23, 1782 the following data has been assembled:
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