USA > Connecticut > The trade of Revolutionary Connecticut > Part 6
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poraries clearly realized the backwardness of e
Turning to the de. . Th thertommings of Connecticut agriculture were moll
samod up by Dright.
The husbandry of New England is far inferior to that of Great ·, Britain .... The principal defesta in our husbandry, so far. es I am able to judge, aro e deficiency in the quantity of labour, ry to prepare the ground for seed; insuffiofont mammrings the want of a good rotation of crops; and slevenliness in cleaning Tho boil ie not sufficiently palverised; nor !! sufficiently manured. We are generally ignorant of what will best RAZ " messed each other; and car fields are covered with a rank growth of weeds.49
-
"Bidwell and Falsener, pp. 123-124,
Ibid. , p. 111.
47 Bidwell and Falconer, pp. 78-79.
5. Dertaba er, pp. 57-58.
, 17-15.
Dright, I, 108-109. Dwight's description applied to methods of the first decade er twe of the nineteenth century. The methods of the eighteenth omatury probably were somewhat worse. -
.
74.
fwi:The most energetio and influential, eightsanth-century, agricultural, reformer in Consotient (and For England) was Jared Eliot ;. the olergyman. Ho believed. and wrote that the cultivation.of-the.earth was the most. glorious oseupation possible for mankind, Eliot studied thoroughly
agricultural practices in Connecticut, ok:special interest in
d in timo by.biane all experiments of which he heard. -Al gh.12 ·lerisal d to undortsez amo exper! s himself, -Ha advocated ....
drai s which would make available much rich but :idlo ary
53 a. process for dealing with worn-ous land, already a problem in some localities; and he ascribed the decline in wheat to
failure to rostero lands with fertiliser. 52 In fact, there bardly was a phase of agriculture in which he failed to exhibit interest and to sock improvements. Eis immediate infinenos, however, was probably quite ama11.
Another facter which contributed to peer farming was the necessity of being a jack-of-all-trades. Fishing, hunting, maple sugaring. distilling, sad potash-making all added to the farmer's inomme, but interferod wit of msbezdry," Self-sufficienty was a major eteristi th lamsal Campootiout farm, bat not & aid to better agriculture.
Que must constantly keep in mind the fact that the overwhola proportion Commestiout citizens were farmers or na ors of a fara
Eliet, p. 4.
Thid., pp. 13-16.
LAHf, P. 123.
€
75.
family. Eren in the river and' coastal towns where commerce was important, nearly all the inhabitants, also, in part, depended upon farming. 54
There were good reasons for the general prevailing backwardness. The incentive to improve methods was absent because of: (1) no serious! competition from outside and (2) not enough population pressure from within.+Bad as farming motheds were in Commestiont and mator ast returns, by present-day standards, there is no evidenos that Connectiout rankad below average for the times. In fact, during the Revolutionary War it war to beoeso noted as the "Prevision State," for reasons to bo' ;
discussed at a later point.º 55
it was the report! it
Ar she ranabrir that colibarats . .
4
states finally did min Each
och re, household ant Carving
4: Rid prasssa a real im artases in the fat, colonial and revolutionary periode,
A .marly as February, 1043 (41) the logisicture pasesq =s est *g more the setting up of cotton manufacturing by having the leverer send forth a anig to obtain the raw material. At the mus tum, has; and flax #wro griend rrom Ly mach family. At Innit fraile s pamwi o?
-
** ! : 'ilrisult
Bidwell and Falequer,.p. 123.
55 . R. ITY, 490.
?
Bes Chapter XVII.
I, >>-FI.
1
to imagino large-sonle Q Th these orders, but the concern with the problem ir otur in Aning and Fishing :
value the 1774 ropert of the
Compazry 'of~ Commsetout: of Trado ot of! scale. mamafactures, bo'would ednoludo that Comisotlout's manufactures were ) relatively worthless:" cleath werkeing" and had spent Mooreiderable to Mit himself to promote the trods of whatne cleach and santge." The Manufactures are coarse Limmens and Weelens, dens in the 314 Familyary for the Use of the poorer Sort, Labourers, and Servants ;- also Iren-mongery, but export none.
Brief; monlightening, and innesur I is easier to stand, though, who
- understetem the polley in Com
ort is waggostiy rat
self-sufficient agricultural scenemy which prevailed, tie
average family. did
3 elething, household end farming utemails, and tools.' Yot able ane ust of manufsotei g occurred for meerby mariots. While. was far er farming, It did prosess a real ispertasso in th colonia
póriede. : 111
As early'a Pebruary, 1660 (61) the legislature passed an enecuraç
a manfacturi Ceresmer seni ferthra
and flax were erder d emily. A 1 lfo a pard of
..
homp or flazo" mas ti quota per family for the year. 2 It is difficult
10-11.C. R. XIV, 409.
1,
to imagine: large-scale. oexplisnoo with these erdora, but. the: comoera .. s. 6 with tho.problam in significant: sigh" Jeom, in operation Roaring, duok. ResulAlthough the great part, of oleth and olething was made: by odoh family. for ita:own use,' the manufacture of woolen oleth fer commercial . purpesos had started in Cenasctieut. at an early, date on, a small- scale. In May-of: 1906. the legislature noted that:"Mr .: 1& Thrasher [was],
solfo in ath wericeing"t and had spent considerable to
premsato the trado efi poko ing oleath and sourge.B. : Ho
refere, with his servant,:ezquy a dva militia tartaing granted, and highyay workgars to 3 have been an early center for eleth and clothing cry: fliessechusettstook the lead in establishmentof fulling mills, bogiming in 1645, but Conneotiout folleved mit fairly quickly. uma's 1606 cng w20 set up at East Hartford, " Others were launched as follows : in 1698 %:802. en, in 1700 at Stanford, im 1793 at Colchester, andit: in. 1707: 4₺ Gullf rde limite !! In lets colonial times to lead to nors thax A mi ... In Hoy .; 175 a cot was passed for."the Encouragement of raising
Canvas or. Daek, and. also, for making. Fino. Lom. von Io Jost offered a b pingo . for pound of bppproofitemaby oponed
shillings for every bolt .of .. com cified dimensions, end; of two shillings per yard for good silk.º
Several instances coourred of individuals asking for special
encourageanzi to manufacture scares rtieles. Richard Rogers of How ·M. London, for" aple, potitioned for solo liberty to make duck and in
C. R. III, 198.
X, 231. The Marislatore if Commection nez to have exercised Arthur K. Cole, The American Wool Maimfactures (Cambridge', 1926), 'T,
Status (washington, 1916), 1, 45.
R. VII, 512-533.
Cudzin, History of Norwich (New London, 1865 ) pp. COM.
October, 1725 ho was given the exclusive right to do so for seven years. The previous year he already had eight looms. in operation wearing dask. Resulta apparently were poor, perhaps partly.dus .t cesta efa+ in production from prises inflated by paper. currency.332 the first ning was epureThe petition of John Bulkeley of Colchester in Nay, 1753 fez a ined
for dressing and oleaning flax was toranty-one year- monopoly. en machines rejected by the general assembly. .. Int 3 ho. same year, howwygrsouth fifteen-year. solo right for dressing flex was granted to Jabes Emalin ef. Middletown and Elihu Chauncey, of Durham upen prescribed conditions., 9 and Harwich appears to have been an early center for oleth and olething 4 mamfacture. ; In-1766 Christopher Leffingwell began the westing of,, men stockings there and in the period from 1773 . to 1780 four fulling mills with olothers' shops and dyehouses were put into operation, , Charles Cale By -and large, the domestic market for cotton, woolen, and linen oleth and clothing was too limited in late colonial, times to lead to, more than a minor developamat of the emufacture. . År - 4
The manufacture of iren assumed an important place in Compostiont Fler, to the Revolution. The first iron furnaces apparently were opened East Haven in 1658 and at New London at about the same t .: La 1761
C. R. VI, 572.2.
Ferry Carean, Social
the
boros (Boston, 1370), p. 247.
William B. Weeden, Esemois and Social History of New England (Boston, 1894), II, 490, : * Hahop, F. 511.
Arch., Industry, 1708-1789, I, Dos. 171.
C. R. X. 231. " The legislators of Concontiout seem to have exercised a discriminating attitude toward granting monopolies as they recalled the of them in England. , Vioter S., Clark, History of Vanafantares Cited States (washington, 1916), I. 47.
Frances M. Caulking, History of Norwich (New London, 1866) pp. 607- 603.
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11
Be furnace bego
operation at Killingworth: (Clinten). in the 1760's, but
1 the riho majer: development, however, came in northwestern Connecticut. The best irem deposits: in the Colony were. those of hamatite. loestod"in the towns of Salisbury, Sharon and: Kent. ""Abent 1732: the first mins was opened.A.t. Ore. Hill. in Salisbury. Two years later, Thomas Lamb obtained rights to fi acrosst Ling Rock and set up the first. forgo there.
12 Production:co ued at the xdno and forge well into the nineteenth:ils
century. . In-1762 a.Kr." Haslston and others erooted a: blast, fursoo at the batlot of necopos Leka.' 13. al The richness of the: Salisbury; ora,
had its toughness,: sbon won it a reputation as the best in the country.14 pro :: potere the Revolution iron furnaces were'de 2 ap atvethor places much as Jakoville,'Keat; Canana, and Roxbury. 19;" Hot all of this expansion was asbigred withaut aid from the Colony. In 1767, for example, Charles Caldrall'of: Farsford' and Geert> Caldwell"of Salisbury . requested a losa of £1200: to complete their iron development. at-Salisbury." Thepetition received àssent from the general assembly."! ! ! Is cutting fron fram nalis among the famous figures who invested in the i'm industry was Jared Eliot who won a modal fras the Society of Arts in England for a, producing irea frem magstite in Killingw rth, 17 Willien Bemmel Johnson ₾ -. 42-
1 Herbert C. Keith and Charles R. Harte, The Early Iron Industry of Corrections, p. 69. Harry Carmen, Social and Economic History of the United States (Besten, 1930), p. 147.
12Kaith and Farto, p. 11.
13Bishop, p. 511.
(new York, 10:1), p. 75.
15 Ibid., p. 513. Keith and Harte, p. 69.
the
16 ., Industry, II, Dass. . 131-182., 1.1347
-
.tate., P. -
Bishop, p. 515,
.
1
. boone involved in fremworks at Biti's Pails in Kont in the 1160'8; but the profite werd disappointing, hers (enlogged to London). The Driest iron ; The general assembly extended special monopolistio privileges for alltting milla to Ebeneser Fitch in 172218 and'to dofedel Joseph Pitkin of Hartford in 1767.00.ºte as s that ef mort arpopular British acte -.
Dy the mid-eighteenth century Conneotlout was one of the leading Land magitch celonios 1 ;lich celenies in the number of iron works with eight, while Massachusetts had only four, and most of the other colonies, fører still. " By the end et the colonial"period Formayivania contained th largest mmber. It is probable that the first stool in America was"re produced in Connecticut in the 1720's. ho 1720's.22 By 1750 a survey of steel mills showed that ceneotlout had one, Massachusetts and Hos Jersey ono cach, and Pomisylvania, fis.28:8, in original sortier of how Farem in , 27
1.º: In addition to the many handicaps hampering expansion of iron and steel production already, Parlisment in 1750 passed the Iron det. Thiss types of ironworks were forbidden's shitting will cutting frem from' nadis, plating fergos miking shoot irc, and stoel furnaces tuming dott. blister steel for tools. These restrictions applied only to now works.
1
-Gross, William Somaal Johnson (How York, 1937),pp ...
13.
Industry (Philadel -= is, 10:3), sp. 05-72.
C. R. VI, 512-315.
2
, 91; 7ishop, I, . 491.
20c. R. IX, 320. . 1., AT11, 627.
21 Carmen, p. 147. Ses also Ebrard F. Humphrey, Economic History United States (New York, 1931), p. 79 .! .
my, i
1727 escorting to Irad Shame in Comments Hetery . Anton, p. 11.2, Carmon gives 1722, es 1
smartbay of the United States, P. 147.
Ars (Marden, 191%),
1
81.
but old ones could continue ... do t other hand, ties were removed upon.colonial pig iron, and iron-bars (shipped to London). The British iron manufacturers wanted cheap raw materials, but objected to
competition, frem colonial finished iron (and stool), products. 24 This. - lex suffered the same fato as that of most impopular British sots- widespread disobedience. For example, a slitting mill was established
at Enfield in 1775.
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25
living at Riniser from' 1742 to 1760, made civoks Aaron Elliot of Killingworth was making steel in 1772 when he
petitioned the general assembly for a loan of 1600 to improve. his
- in . business. Be particularly wanted to get his iron from Connectiout ores .
.
rather than from New York. 26 .
The oleok industry of Connecticut was mall but distinguished in 2.0 - the colonial peried, Thomas Nash, an original sattler of Now Haven in . ... ...
1638, apparently made the first olock on the American continent. 27 Little more was heard of clockmaking until the 1720's. In 1726 Ebeneser . .. .
Parzzolo put a tewer elook up in the, Guilford meetinghouse. From about 2 : :For the that time onard small clockmakers flourished in many toms in Connectiont. This prace ter
Several score clockmakors in all were active in the 1725-1783 period. -
Some of the leading silversmiths also made olooks.28 30.
Arthur C. Bining,"British"Re ilation of
the Colonial Irsa
Industry (Philadelphia, 1933), pp. 63-76.
25Tbid., p. 913 Bishop, I, . 491.
Co, . 157, Pr: 2ºc. R. XIII,, 617. Ens artaired af:ar
2Penrose R. Fovpss, Farly Clockmaking in Comnostiout (Publications of the Tercentenary Commission of Connecticut, No. 25), p. 1.
28 Those dotive both in clockmaking and silvermaking included Jobn Avery of Preston, Amos Doolittle, Hezekiah Hotehkiss and Silas Merriman of liew linven, and. Issso Desd of Stanford., Curtis, Early Silver of Commectione, and Its Makers (Moriden, 1913), pp. 84-110, pass22,
. did loeden-clockarraprosented.a.development wholly.Commeoticut's in the eighteenth cantary. Benjamin Chensy of East Hartford made me of th first: about:1745,andthat :tom rapidly bocams the center for theiart.
0 mey.ranked first in this lins, and probablyistrongly; infinanoed Mitt 29 Jerzyerd in the 1770's wiice provided the peper for the Orpract and most c" tiBesides Cheney, several other clockmakers deserve special recognition. Seth Young(s); while living at Wh sor fra 1743 to 1760; made clocks of rare quality. 50, Thess Harland aglandreams vto Forstoir ix 1778 thn sadefor : thirty-four years made fins elooks 'and watches 'there. . . His watches dero tomsiderwd-equal to f 31 Hare-soon euployed ten or twelve banda and made about two hundred watches yearly. 32 Daniel Burnap; svenstully the finest oraf man of the group, waswar set apprentived to Harland, after which heiset up his ora shop 'in Bist irtu Windsor about 1780. For the Colony as & stelo, though, buttery works .
Paper-making in the' Colony was inaugurated by Christopher Loffingwell at Korrich Mim 2766. 4:"In 1788 he obtained a bounty frei the legislature of teo pozos per qaire. 36 : Ha did not receive colonial aid for long, but Goa '5 1770.
Ibid., pp. 4-5.
Birs art later Simon Lathrop launched his chocolate mill. Chocolate 80 Daniel Howard, A Her Elstery of old Windsor, Connecticut, pp. 236- 237. ,Boopes speaks of Seth Youngs of Hartford as the teacher of Cheney, p. 5. SICaulkins, Norwich, p .: 603. grain, was grozni. These mills Tero
Benjamin-7. Marshall, Modern History of How Lendon County; p. 167. Probably this production was attained after the Revolution.
Hoopssy, pe. 7939 quotes lord Sheffield to this effect.
no, Da. 007%. Erra Stiles mentioned it in his Tosfararies,
C. R. ZIII, 212-213. The grant was rescinded in May, 1772 (C. R. XIII, 800) .. 005,
-
did eentimuo to turn out all kinds of paper. 1 Ho: duoed: about: 1300:% (rsama anmaally and employed. ten or twelve werkers. 36 con-twelfth pest of es There were others. making paper before and during the Revolution. Ebeneser Watson and Austin Ledyard ran a flourishing paper mill at Least Hariford in the: 1770's which"provided the paper: for the Courant end' heat, of the writing paper of the State.'t across Mill brook to provide power
was pinest unknowit in Corsotiout. es in fer LOloso-ma 37 In:May; 1747 Thomas Darling 'af West Haven petiti
"sole right to zaist glass which ho we austed for twenty years." "Apparently, though,: ho enjoyed ao' great cess, for nearly all glass' . still' bad to bel importode tal on a call stress wes sus'est to flocda and ¿Pottery making also made slight progress. . A pottery plant mar. bot .. upat Bean-Hill in Norwich: in 1766 which: contimed operations far into the! next: esatury,5º:r Fer. the Colony as a whole, the potteryiwerka.r., seem to have been virtually winewhatine of the family gratz. As the countChristopher Leffingrell added to his piensering efforts in paper- making: and : stock ng-weaving with: third- first"> in Commootlout, larger
zemfactur ing the making of obocolat onse& oporabises: in 1770. Wino years later Simon Lathrop launched his chocolate mills :: Chocolate wa then considered, a rara' deliozey and. maandod high prices:"fer systems.
A well-knem landmark in many Commestiout toums was-the-grist-will where the as well as other grain, was ground. These milla were 43
Couneou
... Caulkims,-p.607.1, 2.v.
4
32. 711- A. Frwell, "stemfori, 1641-1903," Carr patient Magazira 71, 21 Bishop, p. 259 quetes Lord Sheffield to this effect.
Collina, pa: "Bara Stilod'mötsàned
Cánikins;tp: 808.182-133.
3
the subject of regulation as early as March, 1658: (59 ) and Kerch ;- 1668 (63) .. "At the latter tims the miller's tell was set at me-twelfth part of each bushel. of,ogra; and one-sixteenth partref-ethor.grains.shes. : CenceCertainly the mill formed a vitalcong in the economic lifesof,most toms,cand .it was often the first industry established.": In Wethersfield, ferrezemple, in:1657.Atdem was built soress .Mill Brook to provide peger fer -hoenard Chester's gris 11/ .. . Thisiislsaid to have been-the first
deavbuilt in Connecticut 41 To In Stanford the grist mill started in: 1642 wasthe most important single business enterprise in the town. "Acially, Waterbury manufacturing began in 1680:with Stephen Hopkin's grist mill.45 "uni: The typical mill located on a mmall' stream was subject to fleddss und dranghts which often seriensly interfered with or stopped operations. Bence "the " earnings of a miller fluctuated considerably." Host of the" carlier mills'more modershot -in type; "built cheaply upon a"mail stream, designed simply for mil-soule grinding of the family"grini "As the country was aleśrod, naży étroms bossno more irregular in their flowing with (Long tary'p Redseemscm in the mummer. As population grew, larger mills were - Blemy not und larger mills of therevershet type larger' streams. Yta Fortunately; Connections aboridedar. With "sp "especially'en the Thames and Heusstonio River systems.
C. R. 1, 331, 793.
; Jene's tale; of Hartford; Water Jonathan Otla 47 Louis W. Floks, "The First Civil Settlement in Commectiout, Connections Magazino, VII, 226. . .....
Julis A, Powell, "Stamford, 1641-1900," Connecticut Magasino, 1
VI, 216 ... .. .
Fieranos Nost, "Waterburys
Its Prominent Interests and People,"
Connecticut Magasins, VII, 133.
Lepi thép, fin. pp. 152-188.
Theo miller ranked as an partant figuro in colonial and revelntismary Connecticut life. At the riverm'ihr already were playing a
I the fin art of 1 himring gold, silver and precious stones, . .. -- Connecticut could beast of an early start, though on a small scale, as --- --..
the legal demand for such articles was too 11 to provide full-time
applemented their. pager mar'k for the silvers it E
inommes by making,
to. Moreover, the.
silvezzmiths ef For York, Bestem and Es
spost bo ld a higher reputation
so. that wealthy Commectionut people taxed to patronize then, 45 Actually,
-
the Commeotiout colonial silvermaiths did excellent work with .. .
uniform and beautiful surface .... that [could] never be attained by a
modern worksan using a buffing wise? . ..
.45 t: co-raking and a typo-foundery. The earliest known silvermith in Corsoticut seems to have been 3 .1. 1
John Prince of Milford who died in 1703. Bane Grignon of Norwich who
worked in Herwich frem 1708 until his death in 1715 was the second
silvermith, and he left his tools to Demiel Deshon who became a leading
silversmith at Her London, 47
Anos. IT
Altogether prezimato ninety silv iths were active in
Connecticut in the period ending with th close of the Revolutionary War.
Among the most skilled silveresiths may be listed Captain Robert
Fairchild, Cornelius Kierstenda, y Bantecon, Richard Cutler .- end
Abel, Puall of New Havens Jas sy of Hertfords . Najer Jenathen Olight.
ef Middletam; Thamas Farland of Norwich; Daniel Deshon, Jeim and
essex ' woolfroturier Interests
224. 45 &Goorge N. Curtis, pp. 45-46.
IMd., p. 16.
. XIII. 2:3.
32 Ibid., pp. 47-10.
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... . .
Bamiel Gray, "Captata Pygan Keind, and Had John Gardner of For L endon 480their Ethoofle ann be assumed that the silveramitha already were playing @ significant part in establishing Cemeotlout's" growing' reputation for find craftmidship, & mede that "and leather [me] wrought up to y" greatJoseph Hopkins of Waterbury, "about 1750 established a ellvorsaith Whop.Es mäto silver aleérő ona tést buttons, plátéd knee anáéhoo buckles; and'other flatod mrs.40 porolstien and wealth, there is reason
probably the first lapidary machine in the country, and ho advertised its merits to the general assembly:50a constituten snother "first" for Conremis ihrentive genius"extended also toltype-making and a-typo foundery. Bo"ssotired aid in 1789' from the legislature for the founder end Ihooked the business In New Haven- where he-employed fifteen or twenty hands. The enterprise listed for a few years, but not through the war. Bored iros fanningi anes miking and saddlery hold'ma' important placa'in tão" bosnemig pietare, although very little matériat il"availlBid-abient thon. Colony; legislative ensótmente reflected
strong interest in" oupation. "in February, 1640"(41) ft-was ordered -
promalcance, Bristol wes, for example, es of tho nas centors of the
int .:: "AMd., pp. 48-79, paczin, About ferty towns had one or silvermiws in this period. Low Esven led with seventeen, followed ₺ Now Laden with twelve, Hartford-with-elovea, end-Her 'C. K. 1. 60.
-Dichop. I. 619. Also, A. B. Underweed "Nemfacturing Interests agatuck .. Valley" in'Davis, How Tagland Statss; II, 894. 14, 40, 2.0 ,
Bishop,.p. 7819%. -
BIRicke, loc. cit., p. 208. C. R. XIII, 273.
Malcolm Koir, Marafa-tiring Industrien in America (New York, 1920), p. 875 Bishop, p. 213. .. -
· SUEpephroditue Poe's, History of Bristel (Hartford, 193%), p. 151. :
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that the skins of cows end geats be preserved for the" tanners." Other esta for: c mont and inspection of leather mannfastures succeeded: in frequent or rough out the early colonial porieds!". For example,ty! An. 1692 complà is made that "bad leather [was]-wrought up to yo greats wrong of yo buyer : therest."" " The' leather" inspectors therefero Poro empowered to search for, seize; and dispose of such Inferior Gall8 Leather, 65% : Ast the Colony grow in[ population and wealth, there is reason to believe that the making of leather goods expanded considerably. When Washingten visited Wethersfield, im-1781; hovisited acannery thoro and evinced much interest in it. 58
er t: The makin g of tin rare in America constitutes another "first" for Cozmostlout.".Two brothers, Edward and William Pattison, natives'ef Ireland, como to Berlin; Commeeticut in 1740'And' founded there a- timrare business!"They parchased their" supplies'it Boston"frem tim cartões, carried in from Cornwall, England; and at Berlin they dipped hammered iron sheets inte moiten sin to produos. tin geods for.which. there was a ready maricotot They were; thus." the: original: "Yankee tin p ddlers.857,
Othera! in Compostiout,:
L by the suesses of-the Fattisen brothers.
catered: the fieldand ost hod Cansootiout's reputation for.er
Bristol was, for example, me of the new centers of the
53 Sneden, 11. 5''.
ºC. R. I, 60.
oC.R. T:751.209;"285-287 ;. 298-99, 877; II, 525; III, 14, 23, 236; IV, 74-75; VI, 123.
C. R. TV, 74-78. Bentoka, leo. cit., p. 226.
259 prics (New York, 1920).
Epophreditus Fock, History of Bristol (Hartford, 1932), p. 131.
.
In the period between Coven Anne's War and King George's War aully now industry became important in Commectiout.59 This was the Metilling 6? rim. Throughout the Colony the popularity 'er rum was growing mightilys dnd; 'in addition', 'mm external meriot had diveldpediwilding in the ei :'It is not surprising, therefore, to find Daranbes Denne ofaterly Wethersfield writing his brother that We Distill Sixty thousand Gillt. of Rusi a Year & import the Molass[ca] to miko 'it frem, "60 -The poor 1lt hosting of oefenial homes and the severity of Connecticut winters doubtless pointed up the heating qualities of the drinki Distilling 1
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