History of Cook County, Illinois From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, Part 165

Author: Andreas, A. T. (Alfred Theodore), 1839-1900
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Chicago : A.T. Andreas
Number of Pages: 875

USA > Illinois > Cook County > History of Cook County, Illinois From the Earliest Period to the Present Time > Part 165

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In the rear, or east, of the court yard are the Rear Erecting Shops, four hundred feet by eighty-six fect; the equipment and paint shops, one hundred feet by eighty-six feet, and the wood machine shop two hundred feet by two hundred feet In these buildings the var- ions parts of cars are manufactured by the thousand, the wood-working being under the charge of 1). Martin, superintendent of carpentry. In the rear of the rear erecting shops are the freight shops, whose name im- plies their use; they are five hundred feet by eighty-six feet.

Upon the north end of the rear erecting shops and the wood-working shops is the Engine-Room and Boiler- House, a building having eighty-six feet frontage, by two hundred feet in depth. The engine room is eighty feet square, and the frontage of this, added to the rear crecting shops, makes the frontage of that pile of " buildings nine hundred feet. Within this room is the great Corliss Engine-the musical instrument of applied mechanies. It was brought to Pullman in sections, and its transportation required thirty-five freight cars. The weight of this engine is one million three hundred and sixty-nine thousand five hundred and eighty eight pounds; its horse-power is nominally twenty-four hun- dred, and its cost was $114,000. When Pullman was formally opened on April 2, 1881, the engine was set in motion for the first time in this place by Miss Florence, the little daughter of Mr. Pullman. This mighty engine moves all the machinery of Pullman; from the delicate scroll saw to the hammer striking fifteen hundred pounds, they all receive their impetus from the Corliss engine. It is thirty feet high, has two cylinders eight and one-third feet long and three and one-half feet in diameter; the fly-wheel is thirty feet in diameter, weighs fifty-six tons, and at its average rate of speed makes thirty. six revolutions per minute. The driving shaft is nine inches in diameter and, by intricate systems of auxiliary

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HISTORY OF HYDE PARK.

shafts, cog-wheels and belts, is the Deus in Machina which move all the machinery in the vast arca of fifteen acres of work-shops. In the rear of the engine-room is the boiler-house occupying one hundred and fourteen feet by fifty feet, and containing twelve boilers, twelve feet long by six feet in diameter, in which steam is gene- rated by means of shavings, delivered from the wood- working shop by a blower, and coal. The smoke is car. ried away from the furnaces by a hexagonal smoke- stack one hundred and seventy-six feet high. Steam is also furnished, wherever it is needed in heating offices or buildings, by underground pipes from the boiler- house. In rear of the hoiler-house are drying-kilns one hundred and fifty feet by ninety feet, and a warehouse for the dried lumber sixty feet hy seventy-six feet. The capacity of the kiln is sixty-four thousand feet of inch pine lumber per diem.

North of the engine and boiler houses is an avenue that abuts at its eastern extremity upon the Water Tower, the front of the tower being about two hundred and fifty feet from the front line of the front erecting shops. The Water Tower is one hundred and ninety-five feet high, and is a quadrangle, of seventy foot sides, for one hundred feet in height, above which it is octagonal, tapering gradually to the cupola. In the upper or tenth story of the tower is a large tank fifty-six feet in diam- eter, thirty feet deep, and having half a million gallons receptivity. The tank is supported upon a series of iron trusses, that are capable of upholding a weight of four million pounds; the supports themselves having a ponderosity of three hundred and fifty tons of iron. The pumping machinery at the base of the tower forces the water for the supplying of Pullman up into this tank, from which it is distributed throughout the city. The water is furnished by the water works of the village of Hyde Park, and the amount of water used in the three months ending December 31, 1883, was by actual meter measurement, 72,762,448 gallons, costing the Pullman authorities, at the contract price of $50 per million gal- lons, $3,638.12; or over forty dollars per diem. The basement and first story are of cut stone, the stories above are of brick with stone trimmings. Above the tank is an observatory from whence the beautiful land and water-scape can be viewed. On the third floor the Pullman Band meet for practice; H. E. Crooks, leader. Attached to the organization is a string band. In the basement are the Cope and Maxwell pumping engines that have a capacity of five million gallons in twenty-four hours, which pump about one million gal- " lons of sewage per diem and from three-quarters of a million to one million gallons of water per diem; and underneath the floor of the machinery room is a vaulted reservoir, seventy feet square nad thirty feet deep. Into this chamber, or reser- voir, all the sewage and stercoraceous matter of the city is drained. The method of its disposal consti- tutes one of the marvels of Pullman. This is a prod- uct of the ingenuity of Benezette Williams, civil engi- neer, in applying what is termed the separate system of sewerage and is thus, in effect, described by Mr. Will- iams," who is now the consulting engineer of Pullman. The site of l'ullman, a hroad, flat prairie upon the bor- der of a shallow, inland lake, three miles long hy one and a half miles wide, rendered it impracticable to have a gravity discharge for the sewage, and to defile the waters of Lake Calumet would merely be sowing the germs of disease and death. It was therefore necessary to pump the sewage, and to pump it away from Pull-

. The Pullman Sewerage, a paper by Benezette Williams, read June 5. 1883. before the Western Society of Engineers.

man, but to what point ? Lake Michigan was six and one-half miles away, and the sewage could be pumped there, but the economic guardian genius of Pullman forbade the wasting of matter that could be utilized upon a sewage-farm. A sewage-farm was therefore determined upon, and the present farm was prepared for the reception of the sewage. The laying of the sewers was commenced in August, 1880, and in Feb- rnary, 188t. the method of disposal of the excreta was decided upon. In October, 1881, the system was in- augurated by starting the sewage pumps. In this sys- tem no rainwater or surface drainage is allowed in the sewers-thus the drainage into Lake Calumet is not infected with nastiness-and therefore the cloace can be of small diameter compared with those that are used in cities, and do duty both for sewage and drainage. Draius connecting with the houses are . of iron, and. having air and water-tight joints, preclude any escape of sewer gas, and all drains above ground are made of wrought iron, also with absolutely tight joints. These pipes, drains and mains-varying from four to eighteen inches in diameter-convey the compost to the reser- voir under the Water Tower. From the top of this reservoir runs a twenty-inch pipe to the smoke-stack of the boiler-house furnaces, and the immense draft of this chimney creates a continuous vacuum in the twenty- inch pipe, which the mephitie air in the reservoir rushes to fill. In addition to this means of removing fetor, there are eight ventilating flues that run up, with a diameter of twelve inches, in the huttresses of the Water Tower: the object of these methods is so thoroughly attained that, standing over the trap in the roof of the reservoir and the floor of the pumping- house, it is impossible to detect any foulness in the at- mosphere. The sewage is pumped without screening hy the two engines hereinbefore adverted to, and valves of special make are used. Cotton waste, lumps'of wood, cloths, sticks, boots, and an occasional feline car- cass pass through the pumps without detriment or injury to the latter. The cast-iron main that conveys the sewage to the farm is twenty inches in diameter and nearly three miles long. At the farm is a closed screen- ing tank made of one-quarter inch boiler iron. six feet in diameter and twenty-four-feet long. The sewage enters this tank from the main and strikes a strainer with half an inch mesh, and then is passed out on the other side of the upright tank. The entrance and exit main is a little over half way up the tank, and the screened matter falls to the bottom of the tank, from whence it is removed from time to time, the tank being clevated sufficiently for a wagon to drive underneath. or it can be removed by means of a blow-off pipe, The sewage upon leaving the tank passes through a pressure- regulating valve which limits the pressure upon the distributing pipes to about ten pounds. The main dis- tributing pipe has a diameter of eighteen inches, and from this main line four nine-inch pipes three hundred and fifteen feet apart are laid across a sixty-acre field. At every three hundred and twenty fect on each line of nine-inch pipe there is a hydrant through which -and hose if needful-the sewage is spouted onto the area of two and one-third acres, flooded by cach hydrant. By means of furrows the liquid compost is spread over the soil as in surface irrigation. In the one hundred and sixty acres comprising the sewage-farm there are about thirty-five miles of under drains and distributing pipes. One other item is of great interest to those interested in the sewage problem thus demon- strated, and it is stated by Benezette Williams as fol- lows: "The pumps, screening-tank and pressure-

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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY.

regulating valve are so arranged and are so dependent upon one another that notwithstanding the use of clay pipes for distributing the sewage, the workmen on the farm can control the quantity of sewage received with perfect safety. They can close and open hydrants to any desired extent and vary the amount of sewage dis- charged almost as they please without danger or incon- venience. The operation is this : If the sewage is flowing at any given rate and one or more outlets be closed, the effect is to partially close the self-regulating valve by a slightly increased pressure on the distributing pipes, and to transmit from the valve through the force main an increased pressure to the pumps, which are provided with a steam regulator that reduces the press- ure of steam admitted to the cylinders. In order to avoid all possibility of injury to pipes or pumps in this operation, a stand-pipe with two overflows is provided at the pumps, as well as one at the regulating valve, so that there is an absolute guarantee against damage from the failure of any mechanical appliance. The stand-pipe connected with the pump-main in the tower is-measuring from datum-fifty feet high to the first overflow, and ninety feet high to the second overflow. These overflows are connected with a pipe which returns the sewage to the reservoir below the pumps. So that if every outlet is closed at the farm the pumps could continue to run with freedom. Should the press- urc-regulating valve fail to perform its functions, the overflow pipe will then protect the clay distributing pipes from undue pressure." This is a resume of the mechanical part of the process, and the question that next arises is: Is it remunerative? To which it may be answered, yes. During the season of 1883 there were produced:

Potatoes

Onions ..

7,500 bushels 800

Sweet Corn

36,000 cars

Field Corn

400 bushels

Carrols.

100 ..

Beels.

ICO

Parsnips

250

Cabbage.

150,000 heads

Squash.

25 100%

Celery*

.240,000 bunches

Experience has demonstrated that of these vege- tables all thrive well on sewage farms but potatoes, and the cultivation of those tubers on the Pullman farm will be discontinued. The harsh, cold weather of the past agricultural season seriously impeded the tillage of the farm, and injured the crops, despite which two disad- vantages the farm made an excellent financial showing. and this year, provided the weather is reasonably clement, the farm will pay a handsome percentage of interest upon the money invested in its creation, and thereby another economic question of great and cos- mopolitan interest will be solved by Pullman.t One chemical fact, in connection with the farm, demon- strates how thoroughly the earth performs its work of cleansing and purifying : the sewage water after pas- sing through the under-drains is more limpid than that of Calumet Lake. A canal from the northern end of Lake Calumet to the Calumet River, running a little north of One Hundred and Tenth Street, is a commercial necessity, and has been favorably reported upon by the United States Engineer Department. This would afford easy and quick communication from Pullman with Lake Michigan, and would also be beneficial to Cummings and the Calumet Iron & Steel Company.

Nature has made this region peculiarly susceptible to necessary improvement for purposes of commerce.

East of the Water Tower is a Boiler House, forty feet by seventy feet, whose three boilers manufacture steam for the drying kiln, which is immediately south of the boiler-honse.

North of the avenue leading to the Water Tower is the Iron Machine Shop, one hundred and three feet front by two hundred feet in depth, in which building the nickel and silver plating is performed and the dis- ciples of Tubal Cain work in iron and brass.

North of this building, with which it is connected, is the Blacksmith Shop, a buikling of one hundred and twenty-eight feet frontage by two hundred feet deep. Herein are seventy forges and the anvil chorus is per- formed by stalwart smiths who don't stand "under the spreading chestnut tree." There are also three powerful Sturtevant blowers used in the blacksmith shop. A coal- house, twenty-five by sixty-five feet in area, warehouses the fuel used in the blacksmith shop and protects it from the weather.

Immediately in rear of the blacksmith shop is the Hammer Shop, one hundred and sixty feet by two hundred and fifty feet. It is a hip-roofed buikling, with a lantern on top, furnishing light and ventilation to the workmen. In this building are the ponderous ham- mers, whose nicety of adjustment enables them to strike a blow of fifteen hundred pounds or crack the shell of a filbert with equal facility and precision ; and by these 'l'itanic means the heavy-forging, such as car- axles, etc., is performed.

North of the blacksmith shop are the Allen Paper Car-Wheel Works. These works occupy a building three hundred and seventy feet frontage by one hun- dred and fifty feet ; or rather two buildings forming. with the connection in the center, an "H "-shaped building, fronting the street laterally. This manufacture is carried on under the superintendency of John I .. Woods, and consists in converting straw-board into a substance somewhat resembling boxwood, and enclosing this paper block in a steel tire, and with iron plates front and back of the woody-paper substance. The book-keeper, F. H. Fenno, accompanied the collabora- tor through the works, and the reader can, in imagina- tion, perform the same tour. At Morris, Ill., the com- pany have a straw-board mill where the substance is made that is the laminated foundation of the work ; it resembles ordinary grocers' wrapping-paper. The sheets of paper are cut into circles, the diameter of which corresponds to the inside diameter of the tire . of the wheel to be manufactured, and with a hole in the center of the sheets the size of the axle. These sheets are pasted together for one layer, six sheets per layer, and are then placed in a drying-room. Then the layers are pasted with common flour-paste, re-pressed and re-dried. The ultimate pressure exerted is eight hun- dred tons, to which compression the layers are subjected for three hours. The embryo wheel is then taken to the lathe-room and fastened on a frame where, with diamond-edged tools, it is turned down to the required diameter and smoothed off in the same manner as wood. The compressed paper block is susceptible of as high a polish as box-wood. From the lathe-room the paper wheel is taken back to the hydraulic presses, where the steel tire is placed, then a plate that fits inside the tire and rests against a flange on the interior diameter of the tire, then the paper block is placed on the plate and pressed into place. The paper block is just a little too large in its diameter for the tire, and has to be squeezed into place ; this makes the block

"The celery raised upon the newage farm is said to be as fine as any grown. t The tables presented, of the Pullman farm, and a vast amount of other matter given in this article, are due to the painstaking courtesy of Duane Doty, -the raite mecww of statistics, data and facts about Pullman-who allowed himself to be interrogated in surcula surcalor a nr.

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HISTORY OF HYDE PARK.

fit snugly in the inner diameter of the tire. After the paper block is forced into place, another plate is put on the unplated side of the wheel, and it is taken to the drill where holes are bored through plates and paper. Into these holes bolts are driven and secured with nuts, and a steel center is then placed in the wheel, which is cast in the foundry in rear of the main works. The paper block weighs one hundred and eighty pounds ; the weight of a large wheel is one thousand and cighty pounds. The capacity of the works is thirty wheels per diem. The wheel is used exclusively by the Pullutan Palace Car Company on those sleeping- cars whereon the expense of maintaining trucks is borne by the company. This buikling extends to the limit of Pullman proper. In the rear of the work- shops, and exteniling to the shores of Lake Calumet, are lumber-yards, whereun are piled hundreds of thoit- sands of feet of lumber and timbers ; side-tracks aud switches abound, and other devices for utilizing the mechanical powers and economizing manual labor are dispersed throughout the vast grounds.

Northeast of the Allen works are the buildings of the Pullman Iron and Steel Works, at present employed in the manufacture of an improved railroad spike, for which great superiorities are claimed-apparently with reason. The proprietors are, however, putting in iron and steel har-mills. The manufacture at present is fifty tons of spikes per diem, in the making of which product eighty tons of iron and steel are used daily. General work is also maintained upon the buildings, making the plant and erecting the bar-mills. The present works are in a building one hundred and forty-four feet by two hundred feet, and therein one hittilred men are employed. The officers of the company are 1., M. Johnson, president ; W. E. Barrows, vice-president ; Frank B. Felt, secretary and treasurer, and James P. Perkins, general manager. West of the Pullman Iron and Steel Works are the new wood-working shops and the freight-house ; and closely adjacent thereto is the round-house for the many locomotives employed in and around Pullman.

PULLMAN BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES,

SAMUEL A. ALLEN, foreman of the machine shop of the Allen Paper Car-Wheel Works, was born at lludson, N. Y., November 27, 1852. Ile was there raised, and at the age of sixteen began to learn the trade of machinist. August 1, 1883, he took his present position, having previously worked in similar establish- menis at Albany and Hudson, N. Y.

. S. S. BEMAN, architect of Pullman, was born in Brooklyn, N. V., in 1353, and was there raised. Ile studied his profession under the well-known architect, Richard Upjohn of New York, the designer of Trinity Church of that etty. At the age of twenty.six he began the designs for the new city of Pullman and the extensive car works of that place, He came to Chicago December 24, 1879, and perfecting the plans during the winter, commenced the founda- tions of Pullman the following spring, and the great work of build- ing the city was carried on under his personal direction to its present state of completion. Heis thedesigner of all the buildings of Pullman, including the Arcade, churches, schools, Market, llotel, Water Tower, etc., besides some 1. 300 dwelling houses for the employés. Mr. Beman diew the first line of the plans of Pullman. and in addition to his architectural work for upward of a year had entire charge of the affairs of Pullman, excepting the building of cars and operation of the car works, Mr. Beman is also the archi- tect of the new office building now being erected by the Pullman company in Chicago, to cost $500,000.

JAMES V. BOGART. of Anderson & Co., proprietors of meat market, was born in Will County, I11., October 17. 1848, Ile lived on a farm till fourteen, since which time he has been engaged in the meat business. In 1864 he enlisted in Company E, 39th Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He was promoted Corporal and mustered out December 17. 1865. Ile came to Cook County in April, 1881, and embarked in his present business June, 1583. Mr. Bogart is a member of l'ullman Lodge, A. O. U. W. [u 1871 he married

Miss Sarah Olive Shuk of Indiana, They have two children- Joseph Edgar and Olive Vivian,

DR. J. O. BROWN, dentist, was born in Livingston County. Ill., September 12, 1857. Ile was raised principally in his native State, but has spent a number of years in Indiana and lowa. He began the study of dentishy in 1879, and was traveling dentist in Mississippi a short time, and had an office in Hot Springs, Ark., and then at Watseka, Ilf. He came to l'ullman September 20, 1882, and is the only dentist in town. Mr. Brown is a member of l'alace Lodge, No. 765, A, F. & A. M.

J. W. BROWN, engineer, was born at Bath, Steuben Co., N. Y., November 13, 1843. lle was raised and educated in Cbi- cago and began to learn the trade of machinist in 1859. For eight years, from 1562, he lind charge of an engine on the C. & N. W. R. K. ; then for ten years followed steamhoaling on the lakes ; then ran a stationary engine in Chicago, until, September 18, 1683, he came to l'ullman, where he has charge of the Corliss engine. This same engine dove much of the machinery at the Centennial Exhi- hition, is of 2, 500 horse-power, and drives all the machinery at the Pullman l'alace Car Company. Mr. Brown is a Mason and belongs to the Engineers' Association. In 1879 he married Miss Emma C. Davidson of Chicago. They have one son-George Falward.

EDWARD H. CALLAWAY, superintendent of brick yard and ice houses of the l'ullman l'alace Car Company, was born in La Grange, Troup Co., Ga , May 8, 1855. where he was raised and educated. In 1874 he was Chief Deputy United States Marshal for the Fifth District of Texas, where he superintended the taking of the census of 1880. After its completion, in June. 188t, he re- signed and embarked in commercial business until he came to Chi- cago. in April, 1882, the next month taking his present position. Ile married Miss Florence Andrews, of Providence, K. I., January, 1882.

JOHN B. CREIGHTON, police station keeper at Kensing- ton, was born in Montreal, Cana:la. December 26, 1846. His parents' family coming to Lyons, now Riverdale, Cook County. in 1352, he was here raised and educated. He was engaged with his father in contracting and the building of streets and highways until 1867, when he removed to llyde Park and embarked for himself for six years, He was then foreman from 1874 to May 1, 1883. when he went on the police force. In 1873 Mr. Creighton married Miss Appilena Dewar, of Morris, III. They have three children- James B., Jr., William F. and a daughter unnamed. He is a mem- ber of the Masonie Order of Hyde Park, and has served one year as water inspector.

DUANE DOTY was born in Loraine County, Ohio, Septem- ber 13, 1836. Ilis childhood and youth were passed in Michigan. and he graduated from the State University at Ann Arbor in 1857. During the Rebellion he was an officer and war correspondent. For two years he was editor of the Detroit Free Press ; then was for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction at Detroit. In 1875 he was called to Chicago, where he was City Superintendent of Schools for five years. Since 1880 Mr. Doty has been employed by Pullman's Palace Car Company, and now resides in Pullman.

GEORGE G. DURREI.L was born in York County. Me . April 24, 1841, and raised and educated in Massachusetts. Ile has always followed carpentry and joining, and for ten years did stair building, lle came to Pullman July, 188t, entering the em- ploy of the l'ullman l'alace Car Company, and March, 1883. was promoted foreman of the carpentry department. Mr. Dussell is a member of Tuscan Lodge, No. - , A. F. & A. M. of Lawrence, Mass.

ALLEN T. HALLENBECK, superintendent of Allen Paper Car-Wheel Works, was born at Hudson, N. Y., November 26, 1840. Ile has followed mechanism since 1855. In 1861 he enlisted in Company C. Ist New York Engineers, was promoted Sergeant. and mustered out July 2, 1865. Since 1876 he has been engaged in the manufacture of poter car wheels, being with the Allen Paper Car Wheel Works at Hudson. Mr. Hallenbeck came to I'llman in October, 18So, in the employ of the same company, who promoted him foreman March, 185t, and superintendent April, 1882.

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History of Cook County, Illinois From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, Part 165

Author: Andreas, A. T. (Alfred Theodore), 1839-1900 Publication date: 1884 Publisher: Chicago : A.T. Andreas Number of Pages: 875

Author: Andreas, A. T. (Alfred Theodore), 1839-1900
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Chicago : A.T. Andreas
Number of Pages: 875