History of Cook County, Illinois From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, Part 18

Author: Andreas, A. T. (Alfred Theodore), 1839-1900
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Chicago : A.T. Andreas
Number of Pages: 875

USA > Illinois > Cook County > History of Cook County, Illinois From the Earliest Period to the Present Time > Part 18

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

Hon. John Wentworth) in connection with the escape of Captain Heald and wile after the massacre. C'handonnais was the son of Chippewague, a Porta. watomie womari, and was related tu Mrs. Judge Fisher of Green Bay, and Madame Therese Schindler of Mackinaw,

ceipt for shipping Packs, etc., for Cabanne, which M. Rolette re- fuses to pay, as he says C'ahanne was to deliver them to him on Iward at Chicago.

A number of letters are written in regard to the difficulty with Mr. Chandonnait, both ta Mr. Kinzie and Mr. Beaubien.

Mr. Crooks writes from " Mackinac," September 17. 1819, to John Dean, " U. S. Factor at Chicago : "

" Sir :- Finding in the note of goods returned us by Edward Upham something we had not furnished for our trade at the south end of Lake Michigan in 1818, a discovery was made of his having bought goods of you at Chicago, on terms not now distinctly recol- lected.

" Upham was immediately ordered to designate and put apart every article connected with this transaction. Mr. John F. Hozel accompanied him and took the account exhibited to you this moru- ing, in conformity to which, I to day delivered you 5 common calico shirts, ty Cotton Ilandkfs, 5 Snuff Boxes, 1 Skein Worsted Varn. 30 Strings Wampum, 62 Ilawk Bells, 78 1-2 pairs Large Square Ear Buds, 117 small Double Crosses and 30 vils. Indian Calico, being everything put into our hands by Edward Upham, as apper- taining in any manner to the purchase in question. In reply to your letter dated Chicago, 3d June, 18tg. I have only to remark that the duty of Edward Upham, or any other person employed by the American Fur Company, in their Indian Trade, was, and is, solely and exclusively to exchange the goods entrusted to their management, for the products of the country they are placed in ; but neither him nur any other person ever possessed the power tn purchase anything whatever on the Company's account, unless specially authorized to that effect in writing. The C'ash price of Good Muskrat Skins at this place during the past summer was 25 cents per skin."

Mackinac, 29th October, 18t9, to John Kinzie, Chi- cago :

"* Dear Sir :- Permit me to tender you my most sincere thanks for the interest you took in securing that part which we received of our claim against Mr. Chandonnait, and you will still add to the obligation by using your influence in getting anything more that may be practicable from him during the winter and ensuing spring. It is probable he will draw a good many of Itis creilits ; and it is unch better for us to pay him even more than the market price for his skins, than get nothing at all. You and Mr. Beanbien will therefore nse your own discretion in this respect, for we have all contidence in your doing everything in your power for our benefit. If the lands he received from the Indians (either last or this year's treaty) are contirm'd tohim, can you not get a mortgage on them : pray spur the fellow to exertion, for we wholly depend on the vigilance of yourself and Mr. Beaubien for what may hereafter be procured : I will thank you to send me a few pieces of gond Blick- ory, sufficient to make 3 or 4 dozen Axe Helves ; if you can send them by return of the 'Jackson,' it will be preferable. John en- joys good health, and will. I have no doubt, turn ont a fine fellow. I am much pleased with his conduct and will give him every ad- vantage this place and his situation affords."

From the above letters it is evident that John Kinzie was engaged largely in the fur trade after his return to Chicago int 1816, and was not entirely confined to his trade of silversmith, as has been believed. . \ letter from David. Stone, agent of the American Fur Company at Detroit in 1825, shows that John Crafts was alive at that tinte, and the agent of the company at Chicago. [This letter is in the possession of the Chicago His- torical Society.] It was written at Detroit, June 30, 1825, and was evidently to Ramsey Crooks. The ad- dress is lost. The letter is as follows :

" Dear Sir: 1 understand from Coquillard," that it is very important for his trade that there should be some whiskey deposited at Chicago subject to his onler. Hle says Bertrand always sells whiskey to the Indian traile, which gives him a great advantage. lle says the whiskey can be landed on one side of the St. Joseph River where it will be on United States lands, that it may be trans- ported all the way to his house on Government land. His house is also on Government land, and this he thinks a protection. If I umlerstand Judge Polk's construction of the law regulating Indian

· Alexis Coquillanit was afterward the clerk of the American Fur Company at Sil. Joseph. In 1837 Mr. James Abbott wrote of him in a letter to Mr. Robert Stuart, " In Relation to Mr. Coquillard, it may be proper to observe that be is an excellent clerk but rather of a singular character, and most have carte blanche, otherwise nothing can be done for him. I shalt, nevertheless, bear m mind your wishes regarding his outfit."

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HISTORY OF EARLY CHICAGO.

tratle, this would be no protection to the property so long as the country is occupied by Indians. To me this seems like a forced construction to meet the case of Wallace & Davis's goods. (.MI Hardscrabble). 1 could not say anything definite lo Coquillard on this subject, as I did not know what would be done 1, how. ever. told him the matter would be referred to Mr. Stuart, who would let him know through Mr. Crafts what provision would be made, Coquillard says General Tipton gave him a license last year, and permission in take a few barrels of whiskey. . . I believe a young man by the name of Basic has gone In Chicago or its vicinity for Schwartz. If Mr. Crafts has left Mackinaw, it woukl be well to advise him of this. Schwartz does not conduct his busi- news either with prudence or economy. 1 am told he makes great calculations on Blosie this season. Should he be prevented from ·loing much. I think he would be compelled to give up the business as soon as next seawin."

July 12, 1826, Mr. Stone writes from Detroit to Mr. Robert Stuart, agent of American Fur Company at Mackinaw :

"I have found a small account against the American Fur C'ompany, for a set of C'art Boxes and some Corn Baskets which Mr. Craft- gave David Cooper an order to purchase for the ('hi- cago adventure. I have paid the same and charge the amount lo ymir sdepartment and forward you the account herewith."

John Crafts, mentionerl in the above letter, remained at the Lee place, as trader for Conant & Mack, umtil abwoont 1822. In the fall of 1818 Jean Baptiste Bean- bien was transferred from Milwaukee to Chicago, by the American Fur Company, as its agent. He erected a small trading-house at the month of the Chicago River then about the foot of what is now Madison Street and commenced business. After a few years he suc- ceeded in obtaining so large a share of the Indian trade that Conant & Mack sold ant their establishment to the American Fur Company, and Mr. Crafts became the Chicago agent with Mr. Beanbien under him. Mr. Crafts remained in charge of the Chicago honse until his death in the latter part of 1825,* and John Kinzie was appointed his successor, but lived only abont two years after his appointment.

William H. Wallace had a trading establishment at Hardscrabble, after the post was vacated by Mr. Crafts. This trading-house is mentioned in one of the letters quoted in this chapter as " Wallace & Davis's." Mrs. Kinzie, in " Waubun," speaks of the trading-house of George Hunt and Mr. Wallace, but locates it at Wolf Point.t Mrs. Archibald Clybourne, in her account of the arrival of her father's family at Chicago in 1826, also mentions Mr. Wallace. William H. Wallace was a Scotchman, and had been connecterl with the American Fur Company since Mr. Astor attempted to found the Pacific station at Astoria. When the company was re- organized in 1817 he became one of its clerks, and had charge of the details of fitting out the flotillas at Mon- treal, arranging the crews, and assigning the clerks to their several boats. In 1818 he was assigned by Messrs, Crooks and Stuart to the lower Wabash, with head- quarters at Fort Harrison. In a letter to these gentle- men dated at Fort Harrison, December, 1818, now de- posited with the Chicago Historical Society, Mr. Wal- lace gives some interesting particulars of his journey to that place. He mentions his arrival at the mouth of the St. Joseph on the 2zd of September and at the " Cow-pen " on the 26th, where he was detained, to his great indignation, by " Mr. Reame," until two of the party could go to Fort Wayne to show their licenses to the agent there ; which took twelve days. After various delays, and much difficulty; he arrived at Fort Harrison on the 4th of December, and says : "The country is far beyond my expectations, and if the business is well conducted where Reame is, we shall do well, for there

* See letter of David Stone.

· "Waubum." p. 201.

is plently of furs and Indians in the country." Mr. Wallace was on the Lower Wabash as late as 1821-22. and at the same time John H. Davis was clerk for the American Fur Company on the Upper Wabash. It is very possible that these two composed the firm of "Wal- lace & Davis," as there was a John ( L .. ? ) Davis resid- ing here in 1830. Mr. Wallace was living in Hardscab- ble in the winter of 1826-27, and is said to have died in Chicago. In 1822, after the abandonment of the United States Factory at Chicago, by Government, the factory building was bonght by the American Fur Com- pany, and soon after suld to John B. Beaubien, who made it hisdwelling house. After the death of John Crafts in 1825, John Kinzie was appointed agent of the Com- pany. He moved, after the " Winnebago Scare," from his old home on the North Side to the house of Mr. Beanbien, and died soon after, having his residence there, although absent on a visit to his daughter in the fort at the time of bis death.

The Indian trade had become comparatively unim- portant in the region of Chicago before the death of Mr. Kinzie. The treaty with the Pottawatomies and neighboring tribes, and their consequent removal to the West a few years later, terminated what importance the place still retained as a trading station.

THE KINZIE. FAMILY .- The biography of John Kin- zie has already been given, In that is included the his. tory of Margaret Mckenzie, the mother of his three eldest children-William, James and Elizabeth.

WILLIAM, the oldest son, accompanied his mother to Virginia, on her separation from Mr. Kinzie. He was there married, and sufrequently removed to Indiana, where he died.

JAMES KINZIE, who was born at Detroit, April 21. 1793. re- turned to the West soon after the close of the War of 1512. A. early as the summer of 1815 he was a trader connected with the American Fur Company, and in 1821 is mentioned by the L'nited Males Factor at Green Bay as having been " delected in selling large quantities of whiskey 10 the Indians al and near Milwalky of Lake Michigan ; in consequence of which the Indian ageat al Chicago directed him to close his concerns al Milwalky in sixty days, and leave the place." He probably canie to Chicago soon after this, as Mark Beaubien bought a log house of him in 1926. In 1829. in company with Archibald Caldwell, he built a lavern al Wolf Point, on the West Side, al the "forks" of the river. Mr. Caldwell sold out his interest to Jamies Kinzie and the laller rented the house to Elijah Wentworth, who arrived'al Chicago in the fall of 1829 and opened the Wolf Tavern in 1830. Mr. Kinzie built. in 1833, the Green Tree Tavern on the northeast corner of North Canal and West Lake streets, its name being from a solitary oak which stood near. This hotel, afterward called the Chicago Hotel. was situated, together with the dwelling of Mr. Kinzie, and The slure of Messrs. Kinzie & Hail, on 1.ot 7, Block 22, original Town of Chicago. Mr. Kinzie's partner was his half brother, Mr. Hall, who formerly resided in Virginia. Mr. Kinzie was one of the trustees of the School Section in December, 1829 : the first Sheriff appointed by the Governor for Cook County ; the first town auction- cer ; and one of the Town Trustees in 1825, lle married his first wife, Leah See, daughter of William See, a preacher aud blacksmith, who also livet at Wolf Point, Mr. Kinzie removed 10 Racine (then Root River ), Wis. as early as 1835, where his wife died June 22, 1835. On his removal to Racine he at first opened a store for white and Indian trade, and afterward engaged in mill- ing and farming. The second wife of Mr. Kinzie was Virginia Hale, who survived him. He removed from Racine 10 the interior of Wisconsin, and died in Clyde, lowa Co., Jannary .13, 1866.

ELIZABETH KINZIE, sister of William and James, came to Chicago from Virginia, and was married by John Kinzie, her father. to Samuel Miller, July 29, 1826. Mr. Miller was the owner of a house on the North Side, at the forks, which was used as a tavern and known as the Miller House. He received a license as tavern. keeper in April, 1831, but the house had been used for that pur- puse several years prior to that date. In the spring of 1832, the Miller family, with many others, moved imo Fort Dearborn, from fear of the Indians. and soon after that time Mrs. Miller died. and it is believed that Mr. Miller left Chicago the same year Mr. Miller had been in partnership with Archibald Clybourne, selling goods, in 1929, and they were that year authorized to keep a ferry across The Chicago River " at the lower forks." Ile was one of

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THE FUR TRADE AND TRADERS.

the Commissioners of the County, and one of the first licensed inn- keepers and merchants of the town. Ile removed from Chicago to Michigan City, where he died.

"About the year 1800," John Kinzie married Mrs, ELEANOR ( I.ytle ) McKILLIt. This lady had been a captive four years when a child among the Seneca Indians, and upon hier recovery, her parents removed from the valley of the Alleghany, their home for

James Kinger

several years, to the safe neighborhood of Detroit, settling at Grosse Pointe, eight miles from the former post. Eleanor here married Colonel Mckillip, a British officer, who was accidently killed near Fort Defiance, in 1794. when in command at that post, leaving one daughter, afterward Mrs. Margaret ( Mckillip ) lielm. After Mrs. McKillip's marriage to John Kinzie, about the year tBoo, she went with her husband to live on the St. Joseph River, in Michigan, where now is the town of Bertrand, and thence came to Chicago in the summer of 1904. The story of her escape with her little children from the perils of the day of the Fort Dearborn massacre, and their subsequent return to re-occupy the old home with her family, and her hospitable kindly spirit, which made her house a home for every stranger, has been often told. When the children had left the old roof for homes of their own or to engage in business, and Mr. Kinzie was appointed agent of the American Fur Company, she went with him to the house of Mr. Beaubien, and after his death moved into the agency-house belonging to her son-in-law, Dr. Wolcott, on the North Side. In the spring of 1831, with her daughter, Mrs. Helm, she accompanied her son, John H1. Kinzie, and his wife on their return to Fort Winnebago, travelling on horseback a large portion of the way, mounting her horse " in spite of her sixty years " and her incurable and terrible disease, " with the activity of a girl of sixteen." In the fall of the following year ( 1832 ) Mrs, Kinzie was taken by her son John 11. to Prairie du Chien for medical treatment, the journey being made in an open boat from Fort Winnebago down the Wisconsin River to the Mississippi. Her disease-a cancer in the face- was incurable. After remaining some months in Prairie du Chien, she returned to Fort Winnebago, and thence went to New York City, where she died early in the year 1834.

At a meeting of the Chicago Historical Society, July tt, 1877, Hon. 1. N. Arnold, President of the Society, read the following sketch of the late Colonel John H1. Kinzie, eldest sout of John and Eleanor Kinzie, which he received from Mrs. Nellie ( Kinzie) Gordon, daughter of John H. Kinzie, and which was written by the late Mrs. Juliette A, Kinzie, his wife :

JOHN 11. KINZIE was born at Sandwich, U. C., on the 7th of July. 1803. It was not by design that his birthplace was in the British Dominions, for his mother was patriotic beyond most of her sex ; but having crossed the river from Detroit, the place of her temporary sojourn, to pass the day with her sister, Mrs. William Forsyth, it so happened that before evening her eldest son drew his first breath on a foreign soil. While still an infant he was carried in an Indian cradle, on the shoulders of a French engage, to thelr home, at what Is now the town of Bartrand on the St. Joseph River. in Michigan. At one of their encampments, on the journey, he made a narrow escape with his life, owing to the carelessness of his bearer in placing him against a tree in the immediate proximity of a blazing fire. A spark escaping, lodged in the neck of his dress, causing a fearful burn, of which he carried the mark ever after. His father having purchased the trading establishment of Mons. LeMai, at the mouth of the Chicago River, removed with his family to the place on the following year. Some companies of infantry, under command of Major John Whistler, arrived at the same time-4th of July-and commenced the construction of Fort Dearborn. At his home, on the banks of the river, nearly opposite the fort, the childhood of Mr. Kinzie was passed, until the break- ing out of the War of 1812. "The frontier at that time afforded no facilities for education. What children contrived to scramble into must be acquired under the paternal roof. Mr. Kinzie loved to describe his delight upon one occasion, when rm the opening of a chest of tea, among the stores brought by the annual schooner, a spelling-book was drawn forth and presented to him. His cousin, Robert Forsyth, at that time a member of his father's family, under- took to teach him to read, and, although there seems to have been but little patience and forbearance on the part of the young peda-

gogue to sweeten the task of learning, the exercises gave to the pupil a pleasant association with the fragrance of green tea, which always kept that spelling-bouk fresh in his mind. A discharged soldier was upon one occasion engaged to take charge of him, along with the officer's children, but the teacher's habits of drunkenness and irregularity caused the school to be discontinued In less than three months. His best friend in these days was Washington Whistler, a son of the commanding officer, in after years a distin- guished civil engineer in his own country, and in the service of the Emperor of Russia. At the time of the massacre in 1812, Kinzie was nine years of age. He preserved a distinct recollection of all the particulars that came under his own observation. The discip- line of these thrilling events doubtless helped to form in him that fearlessness as well as that self-control which characterized his many years. The circumstances of the massacre are familiar to all. When the troops left the garrison, some friendly chiefs, know. ing what was in contemplation by their young men, who would not be restrained, took possession of the boat in which was Mrx Kinzie and her children, and guarded them safely till the fighting was over.

They were the next day escorted by the Chief " Robinson," and other friends, in their boat, to the St. Joseph River, to the home of Mme. Bertrand, a sister of the famous Chief To-pec-nee.bee-haw, whence, after a short sojourn, they were carried to Detroit, and de- livered as prisoners of war to the British commanding officer, Colonei Mckee. The family, after the father rejoined them in the following winter, were established in the old family mansion, on the corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street, Detroit. One of the saddest features of the ensuing winter was the spectacle of the suffering of the American prisoners, who were from time to time brought into headquarters by their Indian captors. The ten- derness of feeling, which was a distinguishing trait in the subject of this sketch, made him ever foremost in his efforts to bargain with the savages for the ransom of the sufferers, and many were thus rescued, anıl nursed, and cared for-sometimes to the salvation of their lives, though too often to merely a mitigation of the tortures they had undergone. Mr. Kinzle, Sr.,had been paroled by General Proctor, but upon a suspicion that he was in correspondence with General Harrison, who was known to be meditating an attempt to recover the city of Detroit, he was seized and sent a prisoner to Canada, leaving his wife and young family to be cared for as they might, until, after the lapse of some months, the capture of the place by General Harrison secured them a fast friend in that noble

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HISTORY OF EARLY CHICAGO.

and excellent man. The father was at length released and restored to his family, with one solitary shilling in his pocket. That little eoin has always been carefully preserved by his descendants, as a memento of those troublous times. It so happened that in Detroit,

Juliette A. Angie.

as upon more remote frontiers, the advantages of education were extremely limited, The war had disarranged everything. During the four years' sojourn of the family in this place the children had occasional opportunities of beginning at a school which promised well. but which, as a general rule, was discontinued at the end of the first quarter. Amid such unpropitious circumstances were the rising generation at that day obliged to acquire what degree of learning they found it possible to attain,

In 1816, the Kinzie family returned to their desolated home in Chicago. The bones of the murdered soldiers, who had fallen four years before, were still lying unburied where they had fallen. The troops whorebuilt the fort collected and interred these remains. The coffins which contained them were deposited near the bank of the river, which then had Its outlet abenit at the foot of Madison Street. The cutting through the sand-bar for the harbor caused the lake to encroach and wash away the earth, exposing the long range of coffins and their contents, which were afterwards cared for and reinterred by the eivil authorities. In the year 1818, when he was in his sixteenth year, Colonel Kinzie was taken by his father to Mackinaw, to be indentured to the American Fur Company, and placed under the care of Ramsey Crooks, " to learn," as the articles express it, " the art and mystery of merchandising in all its various parts and branches." "This engagement was for five years, during which time he was never off the island, except upon one occasion, when he was taken by Robert Stewart, who succeeded Mr. Crooks at the head of the company, to visit the British officers at Drummond Island. Ile was never during this period at an evening entertainment, never saw " a show," except one representation by an indifferent com- pany, who had strayed up the lakes, of some pantomimes and tricks of sleight-of-hand. His days were passed from five o'clock In the morning till tea-time, in the warehouse or in superintending the numerous engagés, making up outfits for the Indian trade, or re- eciving the packs and commodities which arrived from time to time. In the evening, he read aloud to his kind and excellent friend, Mrs. Stewart, who was unwearied In her efforts to supply the deficiencies

which his unsettled and eventful life had made inevitable. To her explanations and judicious criticisms upon the books he read, and her patience in Imparting knowledge from her own well-stored mind, he was indebted for the ambition which surmounted early disad- vantages, and made him the equal of many whose youthful years have been trained in schools. Mr. Stewart was a severe disciplin. arian. Ile believed that the surest way to make of a clerk a syste- matic and methodical man of business was never to overlook the slightest departure from the prescribed routine of duty. U'pon one occasion, young Kinzie, out of patience with the slow-dragging movements of a party of his employes, who were engaged in haul- ing weil in sledges across the straits from Bois Blank Island, took the reins from the hands of one, and drove across and returned with his load, to show the men how much more they could have accomplished if they had made the effort. Mr. Stewart's commen- dation was, " Ah, you have changed your occupation for that of hauling wood, have you ! Very well, you can continue it ; "and. as the young man was too proud to ask to be relieved, he actually drove the sledge and brought wood through the bitter winter till the ice gave way in May. Ilis chief recreations throughout this period were trapping silver-gray foxes during any chance leisure hour in the winter, and learning to play on the violin, his instruct. ress being a half-breed woman. In 1824. being still in the employ of the Fur Company, he was transferred from Mackinaw to Prairie du Chien. Ile had made a visit to his parents on attaining his ma- jority, and had returned to Mackinaw in a small boat, coasting the western shore of Lake Michigan. Ile was the first white man who set foot on shore at Wau-kee-gan-at least since the days of the explorers. While at l'rairie du Chien, Mr. Kinzie learned the Winnebago language, and compiled a grammar, as far as such a task was practicable. The Ottawa, Pottawatomie, and Chippewa dialects he had been familiar with from his childhood. He also learned the Sioux language, and partially that of the Sauks and Foxes, About this time, Colonel Kinzie received an invitation from General C'ass, then Governor of the Territory of Michigan, to become his private secretary, and in 1826, he escorted a depu- tation of Winnebagoes to Washington to visit their Great Father. the I'resident. lle was at the Treaty of " Butte des Morts " in the suinmer of 1827, and accompanied the Commissioner, Colonel Mc- Kenny, to the l'ortage of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, to be present at the surrender of the " Red Bird," a Winnebago chief, who, with his comrades, had been concerned in the murder of the Gaznier family at Prairie du Chien, MIr. Kinzie took a different view of the actual complicity of Red-Bird from what has been given to the public. His journal, kept at the time, is of great interest. He was called from his station, beside the military officer appointed to receive the prisoners, by Kau-ray-man-nee, the principal chief of the nation, to stand beside him, and listen to what was said on both sides at this interview, and tell him whether his speech to the " Big Knives " and their reply to him were rightly interpreted. During the time of his residence with General Cass, who was by virtue of his appointment, also superintendent of the Northern Division of the Indian Tribes, he was sent to the vicinity of San. dusky, to learn the language of the Wyandots, or Hurons, their manners and customs, legends, traditions, etc. Of this language he also compiled a grammar. The large amount of Indian lore which he collected in these various researches, was, of course. placed in the hands of his chief, General Cass ; and it is greatly to be regretted that as far as can be ascertained not a trace of it now remains extant. Mr. Kinzie rceived the appointment of Agent for the upper bands of the Winnebagoes in 1829, and fixed his residence at the portage, where Fort Winnebago was in that year constructed. In 1830 he married, and continued to reside among his red-chil. dren-to whom he was, and is still proclaimed by the oppressed few who remain, a kind, judicious, and watchful " father." In 1833 the Kinzie family, having established their pre-emption to the quarter section upon which the family mansion had stood since 1804. Colonel Kinzie (such was then his title as aid to the Commander-in- Chief, Governor Cass,) came with his brother in-law, General Ilun. ter, to Chicago, and together they laid out that part of the town sinee known as Kinzie's Addition. In 1834 he brought his family to Chicago to reside. Ile was first President of the village, when a prediction of the present opulence and prosperity of the city would have seemed the wildest chimera. lle was appointed Collector of Tolls on the canal immediately on its completion. In 184t he was made Registrar of Public Lands by General Harrison, but was re- moved by Tyler when he laid aside the mask under which he gained the nomination for Vice-President. In 1849, General Taylor con- ferred upon him the appointment of Receiver of Public Moneysand Depositary. His office of Collector he held until commissioned by President Lincoln as Paymaster in the Army, in 186t. The latter appointment he held until the close of the War. His labors were vast and wearying, for he had the supervision of Michigan, Wis- consin, and Illinois ; yet he was too conscientious, in. the state of the public finances, to apply for more aid. During the four years

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History of Cook County, Illinois From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, Part 18

Author: Andreas, A. T. (Alfred Theodore), 1839-1900 Publication date: 1884 Publisher: Chicago : A.T. Andreas Number of Pages: 875

Author: Andreas, A. T. (Alfred Theodore), 1839-1900
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Chicago : A.T. Andreas
Number of Pages: 875