History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. I, Part 122

Author: L.H. Everts & Co
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts
Number of Pages: 700

USA > Massachusetts > History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. I > Part 122

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From the time of Mr. Clarke's death until April, 1862, the church was closed, with the exception of a few weeks when it was occupied by the East Congregational Society. Rev. John W. Hudson then supplied the church for a time, and was regularly ordained pastor May 6, 1863, and resigned Feb. 24, 1865. He was succeeded by Rev. William G. Newell, of Rockland, II., who was installed May 10, 1866, and resigned June 18, 1867.

Nov. 6, 1867, the town-hall was burned, and the church which stood near it was also destroyed, including a fine or- gan, put in but a few weeks before. Services were then held in the chapel of the East Congregational Society and in Music Hall.

The next regular pastor was Rev. Thomas Timmins, who was installed June 19, 1872, and resigned Oct. 18, 1873. Ile

* Contributed by the pastor, Rev. John Peterson.

371

HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.

was followed by Rev. John L. Lyon, who was installed Oct. 28, 1874, and resigned June 5, 1875; and he by Rev. John L. Marsh, the present pastor, who was ordained Dec. 16, 1875.

The present house of worship was dedicated Sept. 14, 1869. The number of families connected with the parish is 60; members of Sabbath-school, about 60; number of volumes in the library, about 500; Superintendent of Sabbath-school, Rev. John L. Marsh; Assistant Superintendent, Charles Sibley; Librarian, Worthington Gates.

ST. WILLIAM'S CHURCH (ROMAN CATHOLIC').

The Catholics established themselves in Ware about 1850, and in 1855 erected a large church edifice, which is still stand- ing. The movement was at first a missionary enterprise, and was connected with the church at Chicopee Falls for a num- ber of years. It became a separate parish about the year 1860; and Rev. P. Haley was the first pastor, and remained four years. He was succeeded, Aug. 15, 1864, by the present pastor, Rev. William Moran. The parish is a large one, comprising about 1100 people. The church also contains a fine organ.

THE CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF MOUNT CARMEL (ROMAN CATHOLIC).

July 9, 1871, the French Catholics of Ware, feeling the need of church services in their own language, undertook the establishment of a separate parish. Ninety-nine families, comprising 697 persons, 443 of whom were communicants, united and formed the parish.

The first services were held in Music Hall, and the first mass was celebrated July 16, 1871, being the feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel.

The first pastor was Rev. L. G. Gaganier, who withdrew in March, 1873, and was immediately succeeded by the Rev. Charles Boucher, the present pastor, who was transferred from the parish of St. Hilaire, Province of Quebec, Canada.

The first collection was taken July 31, 1871. The prop- erty on which the edifice was erected was purchased Novem- ber 7th of the same year, and with the parsonage adjoining the church, at a cost of $4000. The corner-stone was laid May 20, 1872, and the church dedicated Nov. 17, 1872. It is a handsome brick structure, located on Bank Street, and has been thoroughly finished and tastefully embellished in the interior, under the supervision of Rev. Father Boucher. The cost was about $12,000.

The parish is now in a prosperous condition, comprises 130 families, 700 persons, and 596 communicants, and has already organized a flourishing mission at Gilbertville, in the town of Hardwick, where a large church has been erected.

Other religious movements, mostly of a missionary and ten- tative character, have taken place in the town, but attained no special strength or prominence.

BURIAL-PLACES.

There are six burial-places. Of these the oldest is what is known as the " old burying-ground," which is situated about half a mile from the village, on the Palmer road. It was probably first occupied soon after the settlement of the town. No burials have taken place in it since 1826. It is now cov- ered by a forest of small pine-trees, but is kept in good con- dition. Most of its graves have sunk out of sight, and are not marked by tombstones. Of these but eight are standing, the oldest being that of Miss Sally, daughter of Samuel and Anna Dinsmore, who died Feb. 13, 1786, in her eighteenth year.

The next burial-places in point of age are those at Ware Centre,-one standing near the church, and the other a few rods farther off. The first was laid out soon after the incor- poration of the town, and has been in use ever since. Among its ancient tombstones one of the oldest and most interesting bears the following inscription :

" In memory of Rev. Ezra Thayer, the Learned, Pious, Faithful, & Deservedly esteemed Pastor of the Church of Christ in this town, who died Feb. 12th, 1775, in the 43d year of his age, & 16th of his ministry.

" Go, Reader, Mind The better part ; Believe the Gospel, Mend thy heart. Go learn to live And learn to die ; For die yon must As well as 1."

The other yard, at the centre, was presented to the town by Isaac Pepper, Oct. 19, 1795, on condition that the town should fence it with a convenient wall, and originally comprised 145 rods. It was laid out soon after, and in April, 1809, was en- larged to one acre. It contains a large number of graves. Among the oldest tombstones, and those which contain the most unique inscriptions, which abound in the yard, are the following :

"This stone is erected to the memory of Mr. Benjamin Comings, who died Febry 29th, 1805, in His 35th year.

" My soul doth leap to think how deep My Saviour's love hath been ; I am carr'd out in thought devout On things that are unseen. This real view appears most true,- That Jesus was the Man That did agree with God for me Before the World began. Lord, when shall we like angels he, And travel through the air ; And all Thy Host travel that course, Aud meet to-gether their."

" In memory of William Coney, of Brookfield, who died Nov. 1st, 1805, in his 70th year.

" A Husband kind and good, a parent dear, To all obliging, and to all sincere; True to his God, the orphan's friend and guide, Ile liv'd beloved, and lamented di'd."

A cemetery near the East Congregational Church has been occupied since 1826, where some families having lots still bury their dead.

The Aspen Grove Cemetery is one of the largest and hand- somest places of burial in Western Massachusetts. It com- prises 25 aeres of land, situated in the northwest part of Ware village, and was presented to the town in the year 1853, by Hon. Orrin Sage, the donation being acknowledged by the town in the passage of appropriate resolutions, which are con- tained in the town records. At the time of his decease, on June 23, 1875, Mr. Sage left a bequest of $3000 in his will, to constitute a fund for keeping the cemetery in permanent re- pair. It is fenced with a substantial stone wall, is beautifully laid out in walks and drives, and contains many handsome lots and monuments. Near the main entrance stands the sol- diers' monument, which was erected by the town in 1867. Some of the lots are free to the residents of the town ; others are sold at a moderate price, and the actual burial expenses of each deceased resident are defrayed by the town.

The sixth is the Catholic cemetery, which adjoins St. Wil- liam's Catholic Church and contains a great many graves. It was laid out in the year 1850.

NOTES FROM THE RECORDS.

A few notes from the records will best illustrate the nsages and customs of the past and the manner of conducting town business. In Ware, as in many other towns in the common- wealth, it was the custom, instead of hailing all new-comers as welcome accessions to the strength of the community, to warn them to depart, lest they should become a charge to the town. In March, 1765, the town allowed William Bell 12 shillings for warning out several and carrying out some. In 1790 the constable was directed to warn 51 persons, whose names were given, to depart from the limits of the town, with their children, and all under them, within fifteen days.

372

HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.

April 19, 1757 .- " Voted to hire preaching for the summer. Voted to raise upon the polls and estates the sum of £13 Gs. 6d., for preaching and boarding of ministers, and going after ministers, Voted Joseph Foster to go after ministers. Voted John Downing to provide a Law-Book."

Sept. 24, 1766 .- " Voted to allow William Bell four shillings for the milch of a cow one month to Uriah Bush."

May 9, 1768 .- " Voted to raise two pounds to provide Rumb for the raising the Bridge over Ware river."

March, 1784 .- " Voted to pay James Lemmon for six journeys to Belchertown and two quarts of Rum, thirteen shillings and six pence."

Oct. 22, 1787,-" Voted to allow William Paige for keeping the Ecclesiastical Conucil, which is as follows, viz.,-seven pence per meal, 212 meals; two pence a kulging, 68 lodgings ; four pence for keeping a horse 24 hours, 56 horses ; four gallons and a half of new rum, three shillings per gallon ; two gallons of old rum, tive shillings per gallon."

Nov. 2, 1801 .- " Voted that the selectmen give a general invitation to all the inhabitants of the town of Ware to work on the road one or more days, leading from Swift River to the line of New Braintree free gratis, sail selectmen to find them what spirits they shall think necessary."

Feb. 9, 1782 .- " Voted to allow Joseph Paterson 6 shillings for one pair of shoes he let Thomas Steel, a soldier, have."

May, 1782,-" Voted that Cupt. Brakenridge as a committee agree with Rev. Mr. Tuttle to supply the pulpit for one year, on condition that if the town can get a young man upon probation, Mr. Tuttle to give way."

March 1, 1784 .- " Voted to allow Mr. Andrew Harwood eight dollars, it being a counterfeit bill, New Emission."

March, 1784 .- "Voted to employ Mr. Tuttle one year, or until a young man can be employed in the town."

March, 1785,-The town voted " to adopt Dr. Watts' Psalms and Hymns to be sung in this congregation." Voted that they begin next Sabbath."

Previous to this, Tate and Brady or Sternhold and Hopkins haul been used, and the change was made while Rev. Jeremiah Hallock was preaching here, and probably through his influence. The chorister was chosen by the town, and the custom was for the whole congregation to join in singing, the deacon reading one line at a time.

Sept. 1, 1786 .- " Voted that the selectmen shall take Roth Hinds and put her to any person that will take her."

Sept. 8, 1788 .- " Voted to vandue Rebekah Allen to the Lowest bider." These votes refer to the custom of putting the poor out for support, which was common in all the towns.

1790 .- " Voted to allow a bounty ou crows' heads." "Voted to allow &d. per hend for all that is kild in this town within six months from the date."

In 1800 the meeting-house was built in the middle of the town. In April, 1801, "chose C'apt. Wm. Doane to see that the deck of the cupola is corked and muade tight, so ns to prevent the water from penetrating through, and also to finish glazing said eupola and other panes of glass which are broken in the meeting-house, and fasten the upper casements of the windows so as to prevent them from making an interruption in time of public worship."

Nov. 2, 1801 .- " Voted that the front door of the meeting-house be bolted as soon as the speaker hath entered."

May, 1810 .- " Voted to raise fifty dollars, to be appropriated to the instruction of singers, and that those who belong to Mr. Burt's society receive their propor- tion of said fifty dollars."

In September, 1607 .- " Voted that there may be a Bell placed upon the deck of the cupola in this town upon some conditions."

"Voted not to choose a committee to receive subscriptions. Voted that Isaac Pepper, Rufus King, Benjamin l'aige, Ebenezer Titus, Benjamin Davis, Nathaniel R. Anderson, Gould Parsons, Isaac Pepper, Jr., Samuel Conkey, William Paige, Jr., Thomas Patrick, and Waters Allen, together with such as shall hereafter be- come subscribers, have liberty to hang a bell upon the deck of the enpola in this town, provided the hell be purchased and hung upon said deck free from any rost or expense upon said town either by tax or otherwise."

No hell was placed upon the church until after Mr. Reed's settlement, in 1826. Dec. 15, 1828 .- " Voted to give leave to have stoves erected in the meeting- honso in the centre of the town, if it be done without expense to the town."

After the factories were built, an attempt was made to change the name of the town. In January, 1825, " Voted to petition to have the name of the town changed to Waterford." It does not seem to have been prosecuted. In May, 1827, " Voted to raise a committee of five to petition the Legislature to survey a Rail Road from Boston to the Hudson River in the state of New York. Chose Alphons Demond, Homer Bartlett, William Bowdoin, Thomas Snell, and Benja- min Paige." About this time there was some difficulty between the village and the old parish. An attempt was made by the village to be incorporated as a town, which was opposed. At the election of representatives, in 182%, the closest con- test was htul that ever existed in the town, which seems to have been hinged upon this controversy. Aaron Gould had 170 votes, Foster Marsh, 170, Joseph Cummings, 1. Whereupon the town voted not to send that year. The matter was adjusted by detining the lines between the parishes, and the village was in- corporated as the East Congregational Society. The parish lines began at Samuel Conld's witheast corner, by Palmer line, and on his line to Ware River, thence up the river to Muddy Brook, up Muddy Brook to the old road to New Braintree, north of J. Hartwell's farm, thence on that rond to the turn east of Nathan Coney's, thence to Darins Eaton's north line, and on that to Brookfield.

* The article in the warrant was, " To see if the Congregation will concur with the Church in adopting Docter Watts' accesion of Pealtus and Hymns, to be sung in public worship."

The alteration of the constitution, making the support of religion a voluntary thing, in 1833, rendered parish lines of no value.

SOCIETIES AND CORPORATIONS. WARE NATIONAL BANK.

The Ware National Bank was incorporated as the Hamp- shire Manufacturers' Bank, Feb. 26, 1825, with a capital of $100,000. In 1836, 1848, and 1853, $50,000 was added each year to the capital, and, in 1857, $100,000. In December, 1864, the bank was changed to a national corporation, under the name of the Ware National Bank. In 1869 the capital was increased to $400,000. While a State bank the corporation paid in dividends $520,500 ; since it became a national bank, and up to October, 1878, the amount of dividends paid was 8514,800.

The presidents of the bank have been Elnathan Jones, of Enfield, from 1825 to 1827; Joseph Bowman, of New Brain- tree, from 1827 to 1848; Orrin Sage, of Ware, from 1848 to 1865. William Hyde, the present president, then succeeded. The cashiers have been Homer Bartlett, of Ware, from 1825 to 1832; Ilenry Starkweather, of Ware, from 1832 to 1834; William Hyde, of Ware, from 1834 to 1865; Henry Ives, of Ware, from 1865 to 1867, when William S. Hyde, the present cashier, was elected. The direetors of the bank are William Ilyde, William S. Hlyde, Otis Lane, and Addison Sandford, of Ware; William Mixter, of Boston; Nathan Richardson, of Warren ; and Emmons Twitebell, of Brookfield.

THE WARE SAVINGS BANK

was incorporated in 1850. Joel Rice was treasurer until 1857, when Otis Lane, the present treasurer, succeeded. The pres- ent offieers are Hon. William Hyde, President ; Hon. C. A. Stevens, Hon. L. N. Gilbert, and Joseph Hartwell, Esq., Vice- Presidents; Otis Lane, Treasurer ; F. D. Gilmore, Assistant Treasurer. Hon. William Mixter, of Boston ; Nathan Rich- ardson, of Warren; Addison Sandford, David P. Billings, Calvin Ilitcheoek, and Charles D. Gilbert, who together con- stitute the Board of Trustees.

The last statement of the bank, published Jan. 1, 1879, was as follows :

Deposits.

$1,565,872.59

Profit and loss ..

39,035.01

Guarantee fund ..

9,881.09

Bank stock.

200,500.00

Public funds.

330,0000.00

Railroad bonds

238,000.00

Loans to towns

58,500.00

Loans on real.

474,066.22

Loans on personal.

184,086.17

Loans on public funds

1,650,00

Loans on bank stock

11,300.00

Loans on railroad stock

3,000,00

Cash

23,687.20

$1,614,7>9,59 $1,614,789.59

Surplus, January 1, 1879. $24,407.76

Guarantee fund

11,838.42

$36,246.18

EDEN LODGE, A. F. AND A. M.,

was chartered June 8, 1864, with the following eharter-men- bers : George Robinson, Samuel II. Phelps, Franklin D. Rich- ards, E. D. Winslow, W. C. Sheldon, H. S. Parsons, and D. W. Miner. The sessions of the lodge are held at Masonic Hall, in Sandford's building, Ware village. The present offieers of the lodge are George S. Marsh, W. M. ; Charles S. Robinson, S. W .; George E. Fairbank, J: W .; Addison Sandford, Treas. ; Levi W. Robinson, Sec. ; John W. Robinson, Marshal; Jas- per L. Fairbank, S. D. ; Henry Connell, J. D. ; Thomas Ren- nison, S. S. ; Walter P. Sutcliffe, I. S. ; Rev. John L. Marsh, Chaplain ; George G. Hall, Organist ; George E. Ballard, I. S. ; Lyman Taylor, Tyler.

The Past Masters of the lodge have been George Robinson, J. W. Robinson, William O. Gould, and HI. F. Barnes.

KING SOLOMON CHAPTER, R. A. M.,

was chartered June 12, 1860, with the following charter-mem- bers : Stephen Douglas, John T. Jordan, David Allen, John

373

HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.

Warner, Elias Smith, John Crosby, Henry Fobes, Thomas Smith, Simeon Pepper, all resident in or near the town of Enfield, Mass. The present officers of the chapter are Elgin R. Foster, M. E. H. P .; William T. D. French, E. K. ; Syl- vester W. Bangs, E. S .; Aram Warburton, C. Il. ; Walter P. Sutcliffe, P. S .; Thomas Rennison, R. A. C. ; Joseph L. Cowles, Treas. ; John T. Winslow, See .; Henry O. Caryl, 3. 3d V. ; John H. Chaffee, M1. 2d V. ; Daniel W. Ainsworth, M. 1st V. ; Rev. John L. Marsh, Chaplain ; Wales H. New- land, S. S. ; William Kennedy, J. S. ; Lyman Taylor, Tyler.

The Past High-Priests of the order have been George J. Sanger, D. B. Gillett, George Robinson, F. A. Spear, A: Sandford, and J. Gates.

WASHINGTON COUNCIL, R. AND S. M.,

was chartered June 11, 1873, with the following charter-men- bers : John T. Jordan, Elias Smith, George Robinson, Edward P. Howard, Horace Hunt, Charles D. Johnson, Henry Fobes, John F. Phelps, Marshal Fox, Hubert M. Coney. The pres- ent officers of the council are James Ripley, T. I. M. ; Aram Warburton, D. M .; Charles S. Robinson, P. C. of W .; John W. Robinson, Recorder; Addison Sandford, Treas .; Walter P. Suteliffe, C. of G. ; Thomas Rennison, C. of C .; John H. Chaffee, S. ; Daniel C. Gates, Chaplain ; Lyman Taylor, Sen- tinel. The past T. I. Masters have been J. F. Phelps and II. M. Coney.

THE YOUNG MEN'S LIBRARY ASSOCIATION

is a direct descendant of the Ware Literary Association, a society which formerly existed in the town, and whose object was the encouragement and development of literary tastes among its members. Differences arising in that association regarding the poliey and expedieney of admitting ladies to its membership, certain of its members withdrew from the society March 30, 1871, and, with others, formed another association, known as the Young Men's Debating Society. This associa- tion established a reading-room, and also a library, the nucleus of the latter being the circulating library of the Ware Me- chanies' and Manufacturers' Association, an old and defunet or- ganization. The former was incorporated as the Young Men's Library Association, under the general laws of the State, in 1873, and since then has received assistance from the town.

The association is distinct from the town, yet receives reg- ular support from it, the amount of the last appropriation being $892.18. The library is open to all the citizens of the town, and comprises 3490 carefully-selected volumes, classified upon the Dewey system. About 1000 persons draw books from the library, the weekly circulation being nearly 400 volumes. The influence of the institution is shown in the faet that the works of fietion now drawn from the library are but 60 per cent. of the whole number withdrawn, against 83 per eent. the first year, and 75 per cent. in 1875 and 1876.

The officers of the association are : President, J. H. G. Gil- bert; Vice-President, W. C. Eaton; Clerk, M. L. Snow; Assistant Clerk, E. C. Merriam ; Treas., D. F. Marsh ; Au- ditor, Geo. S. Snow. The directors are J. H. G. Gilbert, W. C. Eaton, W. H. Cutler, C. C. Hitchcock, and F. D. Gilmore.

ENCAMPMENT J. W. LAWTON, POST NO. 85, 0. A. R., was organized May 12, 1869, and meets the second and fourth Thursdays of each month in G. A. R. Hall, Sandford's block. The present officers are G. E. Fairbank, P. C .; II. Connell, S. V. C .; John Lashua, J. V. C. ; E. E. Richardson, Adj't ; G. S. Marsh, Q. S .; Dr. E. C. Richardson, S. ; D. C. Spear, Chap .; M. G. Miller, O. D. ; S. Grendell, O. G. ; M. Keefe, S. M. ; W. McMahon, Q. M. S. The Past Post Commanders have been S. B. Bond, Wm. E. Lewis, George S. Marsh, H. M. Coney, Chas. S. Robinson, Aram Warburton.

THE ST. JEAN BAPTISTE SOCIETY

was organized about 1873, and meets the first Sunday of every month in Guild's Block, Main Street. The present

offieers are: President, J. H. Allard; Vice-President, E. Chapdelaine ; Secretary, Joseph Richardson ; Corresponding Secretary, Joseph Deslauriers ; Treasurer, Moses Deslauriers ; Assistant Treasurer, Joseph Allard. The objects of the asso- ciation are mutual help and fraternal co-operation.

THE ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS

meets semi-weekly at Hibernian Hall, in Guild's Block. The present officers are : Pres., P. H. Monahan ; V. P., Wm. J. Canavan ; F. S., John Shay ; R. S., E. A. Mooney ; Treas. John Kelly.

Besides these organizations there are others, such as the Re- form Club, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and Young People's Temperance Society, which are doing a good work in the town, and other benevolent and social organizations.

THE WARE FIRE DEPARTMENT

was organized in 1845. The present officers of fire distriet No. 1 of the town of Ware are: Clerk, C. E. Blood ; Treas- urer, A. Sandford ; Prudential Committee, George C. Holden, F. P. Clark, George Gould ; Chief Engineer, S. D. Marsh ; First Assistant, George E. Fairbank ; Second Assistant, N. J. Dil- lon ; Third Assistant, Owen McArdell; Fourth Assistant, W. C. Sheldon.

Oregon Engine Company, No. 3, was organized in July, 1877. The present officers are : Foreman, Henry Caryl; First Assist- ant, Henry Connell : Clerk, M. F. French ; Treasurer, C. E. Blood; Steward, Luther Fairbank. The company has an ex- cellent hand-engine in use, and a second, which was run by the extinet Columbia Company, is also in the village.

INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS.

The falls at the village afford a fine power, the river falling more than 70 feet in less than that number of rods. As early as 1730, Capt. Jabez Olmstead came from Brookfield, and, purchasing land near the river, built two mills upon the falls. His heirs sold the mills, with about 600 acres of land, eover- ing the whole territory of the village, as far west as Muddy Brook, to Isaac Magoon; from him, in 1765, the property passed to his son Alexander. At this time the mills consisted of a saw-mill and a grist-mill, which were widely known as Magoon's Mills.

In April, 1813, Alpheus Demond and Col. Thomas Denney purchased of James Magoon, a grandson of Alexander, the mills, with about 400 acres of land, for $4500. They built a new dam on the middle falls, repaired the saw-mill and grist- mill, started two carding-machines, and began the manufacture of machinery. In 1814 a cotton-mill was built on the middle falls, where the new mill now stands. At this time there were no mills in this part of the State, except a small one at Worcester, and one at Monson. The power-loom was un- known, the intention, being to make yarn to be put out to and woven in hand-looms. The death of Col. Denney, at Leicester, in December, 1814, seems to have thrown a dark cloud over the manufacturing prospeets here. Mr. Demond, either from the want of capital or from some other cause, being unable to carry on the business, the mills stood still until 1821.

Ware Company .- In April, 1821, the property, including mills, machinery, and land, was sold to Messrs. Holbrook & Dexter, of Boston, for $15,000 (a loss to the former owners of nearly $12,000). A company was soon formed, including a number of Boston capitalists, and in 1823 the Ware Company was incorporated, with a capital of $600,000. They built the same year a woolen-mill on the south side of the river, oppo- site tbe eotton-mill, taking their power from the river at the middle falls. This is the only mill that was built prior to 1845 that is still standing, and even this has been greatly enlarged and improved, being now nearly four times as large as formerly. In 1824 this company built a large mill, 271 feet long and one story high, taking water from the upper

374

HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.

falls. It was built on the spot where the upper brick mill now stands, and to put in the foundation, and build the canal, wheel-pits, and raceways, was a very expensive undertaking, much of the work being rock excavation. The plans were on a large scale, but caused the death of the company without its making a dividend.

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History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. I, Part 122

Author: L.H. Everts & Co Publication date: 1879 Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts Number of Pages: 700

Author: L.H. Everts & Co
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts
Number of Pages: 700