USA > Massachusetts > History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. I > Part 20
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The treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, signed on the 7th of Octo- ber, 1748, put an end to the war.
VIII. LAST FRENCH-AND-INDIAN WAR-1753-63.
We now come to the stirring events of the last French-and- Indian war. During the continuance of its active movements in the field, from 1755 to 1759, great armies marched through the old northern war-paths of the wilderness, dyeing its streams with blood and filling its wild meadows with thousands of nameless new-made graves. At its close the sceptre of the French kings over the valley of the St. Lawrence dropped from their hands forever.
The Hampshire County Regiment, under Col. Ephraim Wil- hams, at Lake George in 1755 .- In the summer of 1755 a regiment was raised in Hampshire County to accompany the expedition of that year against Crown Point commanded by Col. (afterward Sir) William Johnson. The command of this Hampshire County regiment was given by Governor Shirley to Col. Ephraim Williams, the hero of Fort Massa- chusetts. In the latter part of August the English forces under Col. Johnson had reached the foot of Lake George, and were encamped there awaiting the construction of boats to transport them to Crown Point, when, on the 8th day of Sep- tember, they were unexpectedly attacked by the French. Baron Dieskau, in command of the French forces, had ad- vanced the evening before, with a large force of French regu- lars; Canadians, and Indians, to within two miles of Fort Edward, on the Hudson,-then called Fort Lyman,-with the intention of attacking that place. But his Indians were afraid of the cannon of the fort, and he turned toward Lake George to attack Col. Johnson's forces in the rear. Col. Johnson, hearing of the movement of the French on Fort Edward, early on the morning of the 8th sent Col. Williams, at the head of a thousand men and two hundred Mohawks, led by their chief, King Hendrick, to the relief of its garrison, not knowing that Dieskau had changed his course. Dieskau, hearing of the approach of Col. Williams, formed his men into an ambuscade at the distance of three and a half miles from the English camp. Williams, at the head of his men, led by the Mohawks, marched unsuspectingly into the jaws of death. Upon entering the ambuscade the English received a terrible fire. Col. Williams was soon killed, and King Hendrick mortally wounded. Upon the death of their commander the English fled in confusion to the camp on Lake George. The French followed, and fiercely attacked the English camp. After a four hours' fight the French were repulsed with great loss, leaving their com- mander, the Baron Dieskau, wounded and a prisoner in the hands of the English.
The loss in both engagements was, on the English side, two hundred and sixteen killed and ninety-six wounded. The Hampshire County regiment suffered most severely of all. Forty-six were killed and twenty-four wounded.
Besides Col. Williams, the officers of this regiment killed were Maj. Noah Ashley; Capts. Moses Porter, Jonathan Ingersol, and Elisha Hawley; Lieuts. Daniel Pomeroy, Simon Cobb, and Nathaniel Burt; and Ensigns John Stratton and Reuben Wait.
* Capt. Wright's journal is given entire in Tempde and Sheldon's History of Northfiekl, p. 210.
+ For a full account of this war, spe Temple and Sheldon's History of North- field, pp. 188 to 215.
9
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HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.
The news of this victory was received with great joy by all the colonies, but it brought sorrow into many a home in the valley of the Connectieut in Massachusetts. One-fourth of the slain were from Hampshire County. The death of Col. Williams was especially lamented. A monument now marks the spot where he fell on the field of that "bloody morning scout," but his most enduring monument is the college he founded, which bears his name, and is situated near the site of his beloved Fort Massachusetts.
The war moved sullenly on for four years more, until Que- bec fell into the hands of the vietorious Wolfe. But to follow its long train of events would not be within the scope of this work. As late as the month of March, 1758, the Indians from time to time committed depredations in the valley of the Connecticut, but at length peaee eame to the inhabitants of the war-worn English colonies.
The war was virtually ended in 1759, but the peace of Paris was not concluded until the 7th day of February, 1763.
For one hundred and twenty years the people of the Conneeti- eut Valley had sown in terror for the Indian to reap in blood.
CHAPTER XVII.
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION -THE HAMP- SHIRE COUNTY MINUTE-MEN OF APRIL, 1775- COL. PORTER'S REGIMENT.
1.
THE war of the Revolution was the final result, the sure outcome, of the principles of liberty and equality held by the Pilgrim and Puritan Fathers from the beginning. Its seed germinated in the little Separatist congregation which met, in 1607, at Serooby Manor, in Lincolnshire, England.
The tender plant was carried with weary feet to Holland, brought to America in the " Mayflower," and planted amid snerifice and suffering in the rugged soil of New England. Our republie is the bright consummate flower.
From the beginning the New England people were restive under royal rule. Both the Massachusetts and Plymouth colonies, a hundred years before the Revolutionary war broke out, in their Fundamentals and Bills of Rights set forth in the elearest terms the principle of no taxation with- out representation.
This principle has always been one of the great bulwarks of English liberty, and its violation led to the English Revolu- tion of 1688. Hardly were the long and bloody Indian wars over, hardly had the people of the colonies begun to settle down in safety in their no longer imperiled homes and to profit by the arts of peace, before a new danger menaced them. The blessings of peace had been bought at the ex- pense of an enormous waste of treasure, and at the elose of the war the mother-country found herself burdened with a debt which she could scarcely hope to pay. In her distress, she determined to tax the colonies, and in order to do this Parliament assumed to exercise the most arbitrary power over them.
From the year 1764-the very next year after the peace of Paris-to the year 1775, the British Parliament, in many of- fensive and arbitrary ways, directed its efforts to the end of depriving the provinees of their liberties, and of foreing them to contribute to the revenues of the British crown.
The men who at this time managed the political affairs of England seemed to lack both the wisdom and the moderation which could alone secure to her the benefit of her triumphs. They were ignorant of the geography of the country, as well as of the character of its residents. They were neither fa- miliar with the history of the country, nor did they compre- hend the opinions which prevailed there. On the other hand, the people of the colonies demanded, not as a favor, but as a
right, equality with their fellow-subjects. As a consequence such offensive and arbitrary measures as those before mentioned met with a most spirited and determined resistance.
As early as April 5, 1764, what is known as the "Sugar Aet" was passed by Parliament. This aet laid a duty upon many articles that were imported into the colonies ; among others, upon all sugars so imported. This was considered by the northern colonies as a sacrifice of their interests to the superior interest in Parliament of the West Indies.
But this was followed by a still more obnoxious measure. On the 22d day of March, 1765, the Stamp Aet, having before received the assent of both houses of Parliament, received the royal signature. This measure laid the foundation of the American Revolution.
To detail the events which followed is hardly within the scope of this work.
" The events," says Dr. Holland, " which followed the arbi- trary measures of Governor Bernard, the arrival of military force, the misrepresentation of the colonists abroad, the re- fusal to hear their petitions, the popular combinations against importing British goods, the struggle between patriotism and governmental poliey in the British Parliament, the ever- memorable and ever-glorious protests against oppression by the General Assembly of the colony, the collisions of the sol- diery with the people of Boston, the firm and persistent oppo- sition to the usurpations of chartered rights, the traitorous con- duet of the Governor in his capacity as the tool of the British ministry, the destruction of the tea in the harbor of Boston, the holding of eounty meetings and conventions, the insti- tution of committees of safety and correspondence,-all these events, in which eivil liberty and national glory were taking root, prepared the way for the first demonstration, which sealed in blood, on the soil of Massachusetts, the doom of British rule in the American colonies."*
In this great struggle the county of Hampshire was in no degree behind her sister counties in the eastern part of the State in manifesting her determination to defend the rights of the colonies to the last extremity. The records of nearly every town in the county tell of meetings held and of measures de- vised to assist and co-operate with their brethren of the cast and of the other provinces. In the histories of the towns which follow, the reader will find copies of many of these records. The resolutions adopted by Northampton and Springfield only are given here, as well representing the general tenor of them all.
NORTHAMPTON TOWN RECORDS. I. " Dec. 26, 1774 .- The inhabitants met in pursuance to adjournment, and chose' a committee of twelve persons to receive, preserve, & convey such articles as shall be contributed by the Inhabitants of this town for the relief of their snf- fering brethren in the Towns of Boston and Charlestown."
Il.
" March 4, 1776,-At this meeting a Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety was chosen, consisting of fifteen persons."
III.
"Oct. 3, 1776 .- The question at this meeting was put, Whether the Town will give their Consent that the present House of Representatives of the State of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, together with the Council (if they consent), in one Innly with the House, and by equal voice, should consult, agree on, and enact such a Constitution & Form of Government for this State as the said House of Representatives and Council as aforesaid on the fullest and most mature Delib- eration shall judge will most conduce to the Safety, peace, and Happiness of this State in all after succession and generations; and it passed in the affirmative.
" The Question was then put, Whether the Town would direct that the same be made Publick for the Inspection and perusal of the Inhabitants before the ratification thereof by the Assembly ; and it passed in the affirmative."
IV. " March 3, 1777 .- The Town entered upon the consideration of the matter which had been debated, viz. : whnt methods they would take to encourage and facilitate the raising of this Town's proportion of men for the Continental Army, and passed the following votes thereon, viz. :
" That those persons that shall now engage in the service aforesaid, who be-
* Holland's History of Western Mass,, Vol. I., p. 205.
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HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.
longed to Capt. Allin's and Capt. Chapin's Company the last year, both officers and privates, shall have full compensation for all losses by them sustained in Cloaths aml other articles, when such losses were unavoidable, and net through the negligence of those who sustained them.
" And as a forther encouragement to them, or any other able-bodied men be- longing to this town who will engage in the said service,
" The town Voted that they and each of them shall receive from the Inhab- itants of the Town of Northampton the sum of fifteen pounds, which sum shall be paid to them several times, viz. : namely, five pounds before they shall march to join the said Army, and five pounds more shall be paid to them or to their Order in the month of April, 1778, and the other five pounds in the month of April, 1779.# And whereas, it was represented to the Town that some of the in- habitants have heretofore failed of doing their proportion in promoting the publiek cause,
" The Town voted that a large Committee should be appointed to examine and consider what persons in the Town have been su delinquent, and that the said Committer make out a list of such persons, with the sums athxed to their re- spective names which they judge it will be necessary for them to advance, it order to their doing their full proportion with the other inhabitants of this town, and that those who are found delinquent as aforesaid, shall be required to pay the sum so affixed to their names, to such persons as the Town shall appoint to collect the same.
" The Town also voted that the sum of seventy pounds now in the hands of the Town Treasurer, being the Fines of Several persons who refused to march in the last Dranghts of the Militia, be applyed to the payment of the bounty aforesaid, and that what further sums shall be necessary to make up the losses and pay the Bounty as aforesaid, shall be Assessed upon the Polls and Estates of the Inhabitants of this Town at such time as the Town shall order.
" April 15, 1777, voted to increase the bounty to 30 pounds."
SPRINGFIELD RECORDS. 1.
" June 27, J774 .- Voted to choose a Committee consisting of nine persons, and that Dea. Nathaniel Brewer, Capt, Geo. Pynchon, Doct, Charles Pynchon, Capt. Simon Colton, Moses Field, Jonathan Hale, Jun., Ensign Phineas Chapin, James Sikes, Daniel Harris, Be of this Committee, and that they take into consideration the two last articles contained in the Warrant,f and make report at ye adjourn- ment of this meeting."
"July 12, 1774 .- The Report of the Committee appointed by the Town at the last meeting, to take into Consideration the two last Articles contained in the Warrant for calling the Meeting, was at this Meeting presented, read, and con- sidered, and unanimously voted and accepted, which report is as follows, viz. :
" This Town, taking into serious and deliberate consideration the present dan- gerous situation of this Province, came into the following vote, viz. :
" Ist. That by the Royal Charter of King William and Queen Mary, which we have possessed for near a Century, and which has from time to time been recog- nized both by Kings and Parliament, we are Intitled to and ought forever to enjoy all the Liberties and Immunities of any of his Majestic's subjects within any of his Dominions, Some of the most essential of which are, that they shall not be taxed, but with their own consent, given in Person or by their Represen- tatives, nor Disseized of their Property, or Condemned to any Penalties but by Judgement of good and Lawfull men of the vicinage, &e.
" 2ndly. That the Charters of the Collonies ought to be held sacred, and every Infraction upon them carefully avoided, as tending to Interrupt that Harmony between the Collonics and the Parent State which is so essential to the happiness of both.
"Billy. That though Great Deference & Respect is due to the wisdom of the British Parliament, yet we can't consider ourselves as enjoying the liberties and Immunities of natural, freeborn subjects of the King if we are lyable to be taxed without representation or to be disseized of our Property, or any way pun- ished without the Judgement of our Peers. Nor do we apprehend that we have so much as a Virtual representation in a Legislature which is not itself Subject to those Laws which it imposes upon us.
"4thly. That the later Boston Port Act, which infliets a most severe punishment upon that town (and in its operations upon almost the whole continent) for de- struction made of the property of some British merchants by persons unknown, -and that before any demand of compensation was made or any citation sent to the town to answer for itself,-is a step that ought to alarm us and fill us with deep concern,
" 5thly. That the proposed new System of Government, virtually annihilating our most essential Charter Rights, added to the Boston Port Act, gives ns snch apprehension of the designs of administration against our Liberties as we have never before allowed ourselves to entertain.
"6thly. Impressed with just concern for our privileges, and at the same time governed hy sentiments ef Loyalty to our Sovereign and with warm affection for our Mother Country, we ardently wish that all the Collonys and every Individ- ual in them may unite in some prudint, peaceful, constitutional measure for the
Redress of our Grievances, the Securities of our Liberties, & the Restoration of union and mutual Confidence between Great Britain & the Collonies.
" 7thly. That it is the unquestionable Right, so we esteem it, the indispensible duty, of the several Collonies in this day to correspond together and act in Con- cert, and we wait with patience for the result of the approaching Continental Congress.
" Hoping that, Influenced by Wisdom from above, they will recommend those measures which shall be both unoffensive in their nature and saintary in their tendency, And as it appears to us that a discontinuance of Trade and Commerce with Great Britain might serve the Interest of the Country in divers Respects, 80, should any well-digested, prudently-regulated, and practicable plan for this end be proposed, we shall readily accede to it, & afford our aid for the Relief of those who may thereby be deprived of ye means of substance as well as con- tribute to the Succour of our Brethren already Suffering in their Country's Canse,
" Sthly. In the mean time we think it our duty to express our utter abhor- renee of all such resolves and measures as are unnecessarily affrontive to the British Parliament, and carry an air of Insult upon that Respectalde Body, as well as all Tumults and Riots among ourselves, Insults upon men's persons, aml Invations of their properties. We are unanimously resolved to discountenance everything of this kind, and to yield and promote due obedience tu his Majesty's Governtuent in this Province, To treat his Majesty's Representatives with all due respect, To aid Inferior Magistrates in the Regular Constitutional Execu- tion of the Good Laws we are under, and to support, as far as we are able, their Just Jufinence in their Respective offices. And we hope those Gentlemen un- biased by personal Interest, and greatfully remembering that the favor of the Peuple first raiseil them to view, and recommended to them the llonours they sustain, will readlily unite with us in all reasonable and Constitutional means of Redress. And though we will injure ne man in his person or property for a diversity of opinion, Yet we shall not think ourselves bound to continue our favors to any Gentlemen who, lost to the sentiments of Gratitude & Humanity, can coolly sacrifice his Country's liberties to his own private emomment.
"The foregoing Votes were passed in a full Town-Meeting by a large Majority."
" July 12, 1774 .- This meeting adjourned to July 26, 1774, at which meeting it was ' Voted, That the Town Clerk he directed to Transmit a copy to the Town Clerk of Boston of the Resolves Passed at the meeting July 12, 1774.'"
IV.
" Sept. 20, 1774 .- Voted, That Mr. James Sikes, Lt Luke Bliss, Jonathan Dale, Jun, Dan Burt (3d), Elward Chapin, Phineas Chapin, William Pynchon, Jun", be a Committee to prepare the form of an Association, Voted, as the opinion of this Town, that there be County Congress; in case there should be one, the following persons were chosen Delegates for that purpose, viz., Doct. Charles Pynchon, Luke Bliss, Jounthan Hale, JunT.
" Voted, That, as the sense of this town, that a Congress be held at North- ampton on Thursday, 221 day of September, Inst., by the several towns and Dis- triets in this County, if julged best, and that the Committee of Correspondence acquaint the said towns therewith.
" Voted, That Dr. Charles Pynchon, Luke Bliss, Thos. Stebbins, Williston, Seth Stover, Coburn, Samuel Colton, Phineas Chapin, Edward Chapin, and Jona- than Bliss be a Committee to procure the necessaries and Subsistence for the Industrious Poor in Boston,
" Voted, To Choose a Committee to Correspond with the Neighboring Towns in the County of Hampshire, and that this Committee consist of Nine Persons viz., Dr. Charles Pynchon, Capt. Gev. Pynchon, James Sikes, Nathaniel Brown, John Hale, & William Pynchon, Jon"."
On the 22d and 23d days of September, 1774, a convention of committees from every town in Hampshire County, except Charlemont and South wick, was held at Northampton. Tim- othy Danielson, of Brimfield, was Chairman, and Ebenezer Hunt, Jr., of Northampton, Clerk.
A series of resolutions was adopted, in substance similar to the town resolutions copied above.
IT.
THE ROLLS OF THE HAMPSHIRE MINUTE-MEN-HER ROLLS OF HONOR.
As none of the leading events of the Revolutionary war occurred in Hampshire County, it is not within the scope of this work to notice them here. The limited space allotted to us in this chapter cannot be used to hetter purpose than to give the names of the " Minute-Men" of old Hampshire. These papers, filed away in the archives of the State, consti- tute her true rolls of honor. On them are recorded the names of the brave men who first nobly stepped forth at the call of their country :
" They left the plowshare in the mould, Their Rocks and hearths without a fuld, And mustered in their simple dress, For wrongs to seek a stern redress."
* Voted, March 12, 1777, to pay the fifteen pounds before the soldier marched. t The two last articles in the warrant were as follows :
"Gth. To Desire the Clerk of said Town to Communicate to the Town all the letters he has Rec'd from the Town of Boston, that they may advise and act thereen.
" 7thly. To pass any Resolves respecting the said letters or quy matters therein contained, and choose any Committee for that purpose, and pass all projer vote thereon."
68
HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.
For rolls of minute-men not given below, the reader is re- ferred to the histories of the several towns in this volume.
I .- AMHERST, LEVERETT, AND SHUTESBURY.
" A Minute Roll of the Company under the Command of Capt. Reuben Dickinson, in Col. Woodbridge's Regt :
" Captain, Reuben Dickinson.
" Lieutenant, Zacheus Crocker.
" Second Lieutenant, Joseph Dickinson.
" Sergeants, Daniel Shay, Abraham Cutter, Isaac Marshall, Ezra Wood.
" Corporals, Solomon Comings, Ebenezer Estman, Adam Rice, Jonathan Dickinson.
" Drummer, John Church.
" Privates, Clement Marshal, Ebenezer Kellogg, John Hod- son, John Ingram, Reuben Dickinson, Thos. Norton, John Estman, Ebenezer Mattoon, John Dickinson, Luke Coffin, Stephen Smith, Waitstill Dickinson, Eldad Moody, Timothy Green, Azariah Diekinson, Ebenezer Diekinson, Elihu Dick- inson, Martin Smith, Reuben Smith, Aaron Osgood, John Wetherbee, Saml. Ranger, John Witt, Abial Blanchard, Archelos Leonard, Benj. Barrows, Jonathan Parce, Saml. Totman, David Bangs, Abel Woods, George Bridge, Eph- raim Barrows, Danil Bradley, Wm. Field, Jon'n Bartlett, Peter Stanton, Jonathan Gilbert, Uriah Montagues, Jonathan Graves, Phineas Clary, John Keet, Joseph Smith, Elijah Prout, Simeon Smith, William May, Ambrose Williams, Saml. Backman, Silas Ball."*
II .- AMHERST.
"An Abstract of Ely Parker, first lieutenant of the Minute- Men who went to Cambridge on the Alarm of the 19th of April, 1775:
" First Lieutenant, Ely Parker.
" Sergeant, Thomas Bascom.
" Privates, Joel Billings, Thomas Hastings, Gideon Dicken- son, John Ingram, Noah Smith, Elijah Hastings, Reubin Cowles, Enos Coleman, Elijah Elmore, John Lee."
III .- AMHERST.
" James Hendrick Roll and account of the men that marcht under his command on April 20, 1775, to Cambridge, on the Alarm made at Lexington, on the 19th of said month, by the ministerial Buchers. Said James Hendrick was chosen 2nd Lieut. in Capt. Thomas Foster's company of Matrossers, in Col. Ruggles Woodbridge's Regt., belonging to Hampshire County :
" Privates, James IIendrick, Medad Dickinson, Ebenezer Petty, Simon Rood, John Brooks, Oliver Marsh.
" Lieut. Noah Dickerson Roll for the Militia of Amherst in the Co. of Hampshire, that went down to Cambridge in the time of the Alarm made on the 19th of Apl., 1775, & under his command :
" Lieutenant, Noah Dickerson.
" Sergeants, Henry Franklin, David Blodgett, Oliver Clapp, Elijah Dickinson, Amasa Allen, Lem. Moody.
" Corporal, Joel Moody.
" Privates, Stephen Cole, Ezekiel Smith, Noah Dickin- son, IIezekiah Cole, Jacob Warner, Elihu Hubbard, Zach. Hawley."
IV .- ASHFIELD.
" A Muster-roll of Lieutenant Bartlett Company from the 22nd day of Apl. to the 26th, both days inclusive :
" Lieutenant, Saml. Bartlett.
" Ensign, Saml. Allen.
" Sergeants, Ephraim Jennings, Zebulon Bryant.
" Privates, Enoch Allen, Jams Bloodworth, Joseph Baker, Amos Crittenden, Elias Clarke, Anthony Jones, David Kaw, Nathan Lyon, Joseph Lillie, Thomas MeIntier, Benjamin Phillips, Nath. Sprague, Roland Sears, Daniel Shaw, Jasher
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