History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. I, Part 164

Author: L.H. Everts & Co
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts
Number of Pages: 700

USA > Massachusetts > History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. I > Part 164

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

Robert Hamilton lived beyond Calvin Damon. Sons : Robert, Jr., Levi, Samuel, John K. Elijah Higgins was a citizen with a large family of descendants. Joshua Healcy ; he lived in the north part of the town; Parley Healey and Seth Healey, probably sons, lived and died in Chesterfield.

Timothy Ingram moved from Williamsburg to Chesterfield, December, 1798, and lived on the Coleman tract. Children : Timothy and Benjamin, Westhampton ; Joel, now living at Chesterfield, eighty-nine years old; Nathaniel and Porter, Chesterfield ; Otis, still living, Chesterfield ; Mrs. Edwin Da- mon ; Deborah, died unmarried, ninety-seven years old. Joel, Jr., son of Joel, is the present postmaster, and merchant, of Chesterfield village.

Charles Kidd ; homestead was the present place of Ambrose Cudworth. Benjamin Kidd lived farther east, now known as " Kidd's Lookout," from which extensive views are obtained. Thomas Kidd was a son of Benjamin. Eleazer King ; he had two sons, Isaac and Eleazer. The former was a prominent public man, and was thrown from a carriage and killed. Jacob Litchfield, homestead on the Delbert Bisbee farm. Bezar Ludden ; he had one son, Bezar, who was in the regular army, war of 1812. .

Daniel Littlefield, homestead near the Gate, present place of Horaee Cole. Children : Daniel, Vermont ; Josiah, Walter,

494

HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.

Joshua, New York ; Caleb, died young ; Mrs. Peter Shaw, Vermont ; Mrs. David Macomber, Mrs. Wm. Higgins, Mrs. MeQuivey, Vermont.

Rev. Benjamin Mills was the first pastor, and died in Ches- terfield. One son, Josiah, settled in Worthington, a man of considerable prominence. A son of Josiah, James K., was prominent in the founding of Holyoke City.

David Macomber, from Easton, came in about 1770, and settled on the place on which Alvin Macomber now lives. Of his children, Daniel, settled in Westford, Vt .; David, settled in Westford, Vt. ; Eunice, died young ; Jacob, settled in Westford, Vt .; Cyrus, in Westford, Tt .; Rebecca (Mrs. Moses Bates), settled in Westford, Vt. ; Edmond, settled in Chesterfield; Ilar- vey, in Westford, Vt. ; Hannah, died young ; Alvin, now lives on the old homestead ; Melzar, Kingsville, Ohio; Sophronia ( Mrs. Zenas Gurney), in Cummington, and then in Chester, Ohio.

Joseph Nichols settled, 1793, about one and a half miles from the centre, on property still owned by his descendants ; was a soldier of the old French war, and of the Revolution. Children : Mrs. Wm. Whittaker, Vt .; Jonathan, Otisco, N. Y .; Joshua, Chesterfield. A son of the latter, Albert Nichols, lives at the centre, a public officer of the town for many years. Ile has the old historie gun of his grandfather.

Samuel Luce came from Martha's Vineyard to Williams- burg in 1776, with five children,-James, Elisha, Harvey, .Joseph, and Jonathan. He soon after removed to Goshen, and he had seven more children born there,-Obed, Shubael, Nathan, Henry, Mrs. Joshua Porter, Conway ; Mrs. Hart- land, Conway; and Mrs. John Lomond, Montague. Jona- than Luce married Mehitable Bates, about 1801, and settled where his son, Nehemiah, now lives, and had a family of fourteen children. Mr. Bates, father of Mrs. Luce, came from Cohasset, settled on the farm north, and had ten children.

Joshua Healey lived a little south of Mr. Luce, where he was fired at in bed during the Shays rebellion. In this neigh- borhood Mr. Truesdell perished in early times, having lost his way returning from Northampton by marked trees. The house Mr. Luce lives in was moved two feet by the great tornado of 1786. Mr. Luce has a large collection of relies and antique curiosities.

Benjamin Pierce, homestead the present residence of Cal- vin Damon. Children : Benjamin, Chesterfield ; Israel, died young ; Mrs. John Hatch, Chesterfield ; Mrs. Sylvanus Clapp, Westhampton ; Mrs. Solomon Bissell, Mrs. Levi Stebbins, Mrs. Parsons. Thomas Pierce and Jonathan Pierce, two other pioneers, were perhaps brothers. John Pynchon, home- stead where his grandson, Wm. Pynchon, lives. Consider Pynchon, a son of John, died in 1877, in the same room in which he was born, ninety years of age or more. The Pyn- chon house is more than a hundred years old. Ephraim Patch probably settled on Ireland Street. Ezra Philips south, on the Coleman tract. One son was Ezra, Jr.

Samuel Reed, homestead on "the mount," the present Shaw place. Children : Samuel, New York ; Daniel, New York ; Mrs. Joseph Nash, Simcon, Chesterfield ; Joseph, New York ; Oliver, died unmarried ; Mrs. Luther Tower, Chester- field ; Mrs. Pettergill, afterward Mrs. Stearns; Mrs. Jacob N. Bates, eity of New York ; Alanson went as a missionary to China.

Solomon Russell, the blind merchant of Chesterfield, who kept a store at Utley's Corners, had one son, Solomon, now living (1878) in Pittsfield, and the sons of the latter are among the wealthy manufacturers of that place.

Abiel Stetson. Children: Bela, Mrs. Elias Parsons, Mrs. Nathan Healey. Jobn Stephenson, homestead about two miles north of the centre ; had two sous,-John and Na- thaniel ; settled in Chesterfield ; the second went to Ohio af- terward.

Benjamin Tupper; homestead was the present Ira Clapp

place ; went to Ohio, and was one of the founders of Marietta. Ansel Tupper, adjutant of regiment, went to Ohio. Seth Tay- lor ; the Taylor homestead was about three miles south of the centre. Of his children, Seth, Stephen, and another settled in Chesterfield; one daughter was Mrs. Southwick, of this town.

James Utley, homestead at the Utley Corners. Sons : Fred- erick, William, Chesterfield ; Ralph, Goshen ; Samuel, a min- ister in New York ; Mrs. Gershom House, Chesterfield; Mrs. Knowlton, Chesterfield ; and Sally, who died unmarried.

Jesse Willeutt had been a seafaring man, and bought a tract of land in No. 5. He was here at the time of the battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775, and by putting his car to the ground heard the guns. His grandson, Joel, says he can go now to the spot where the old man used to say he stood then. The children of Jesse were Jesse, Jr., Mrs. Gustin (hers was the first death in Goshen), Mrs. Litchfield, Cohasset ; another Mrs. Litchfield, Cohasset ; Zebulon, who settled in Goshen. Jesse Willcutt, Jr., was himself a pioneer here probably as early as his father, having reached this town April 6, 1772, and settled at once on the place now owned by his son Joel. Children : Mrs. Asa Turner, Ashfield ; Enoch, Goshen ; Mrs. Luke Keaith, Mrs. Solomon Bates (who died in the fall of 1878, having sixty-one actual descendants), Mrs. James King; Jason and Warren Michigan ; Alpheus, Goshen ; Mrs. Elca- zer Hawks; Mrs. Aaron James; Joel, now living (eighty-two years old Dee. 23, 1878); Mrs. Levi Bates, Cummington ; and four died young. Joel relates the remarkable circumstance that his father, in 1778, saw the Iludson River frozen at A]- bany, so that soldiers crossed on the ice October 27. Joel Will cutt states that before the Revolutionary war there was some attention to military matters, but only three at first had uni- forms,-Capt. Lemuel Bannister, Lieut. Jesse Willcutt, and Ensign Ambrose Stone. Having procured them fresh and new at the same time, they agreed to go to meeting the next Sunday with them on. Two failed to come, and Jesse Will- cut found himself obliged to stand the staring of the congre- gation alone.

Elisha Witherell, homestead south part of the town. Three of his sons were Elisha, Jr., Nathaniel, and Joseph. Abijalı Whitton, homestead the present Randall place. An only son, Abijah, went West. Daughters: Mrs. Joshua Littlefield, Mrs. Ford, Plainfield ; Mrs. Alpheus Ford, New York ; Mrs. Paguenwagh, New York ; Mrs. Wm. Keene, New York ; Mrs. Simeon Reed, Chesterfield ; Mrs. Alpheus Thayer, Mrs. Briggs Cudworth, Savoy ; Mrs. David Macomber, Vermont.

Nebemiah Sylvester, of Scituate, homestead .on Ireland Street. His wife was a Damon. Mr. Sylvester bought his land and settled about 1762. Sons were Seth, Richard, Nehe- miah, Nathaniel, Gershom. A grandson of Seth is Rev. C. S. Sylvester, of Feeding Hills, Mass. Dr. E. Ware Sylvester,* the fruit-culturist of Lyons, N. Y., is also a grandson of Seth. A. II. Laughlin, member of Congress from the Herkimer Dis- trict, N. Y., and naval officer of the port of New York, was also a grandson of Seth. N. B. Sylvester, of Troy, N. Y., author of this history of the Connecticut Valley, is a grandson of Na- thaniel. Another grandson of Nathaniel is Sidney Sylvester, of Lewis Co., N. Y., who has held the offices of county clerk, member of Assembly, and county school commissioner. A son of the Nathaniel who removed to Lewis Co., N. Y., also named Nathaniel, is still living there, in his ninetieth year.

Of other early pioneers, there were Ebenezer Lane, John Lyman, Seth Sylvester, Nehemiah Sylvester, Jeremiah Spal- ding, Elisha Spalding, Roger Sprague, Aaron Jewell, Levi Jillson, Ebenezer Truesdell, Elisha and Elijah Warner, Aaron Wright, Daniel Winter, Philip White, David and John Rus- sell, Thomas Rogers, Timothy Rice, Joshua and John Rogers, Jonathan Russell, Hezekiah Reed, Nathan Lane, Zebulon Herrick, Thomas Halbard, Richard Humphries, John Wilder,

* Died since the alove was written.

495

IIISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.

Joel Warner, Justus Wright, Josiah Perry, Zebulon Herrick, Bezaliel Moffett, John, Elias, and Sterling King. But some of these, probably, belong to Goshen.

TAVERNS.

The first tavern in town was opened by Benjamin Tupper ; in 1764, in a house the remains of which are still visible just east of the house occupied, in late years, by Mr. Brett. J. Wilder opened one at a very early date on land owned in later years by John Rhodes. This was probably on Sugar llill. The William Baker house was built by a man named Hunt, for a tavern. His wife, somewhat inclined to joke, is said to have told him he would be hunted out of town if he built such a great shell of a house. This is the large brown house standing on the north side of the main road just before de- seending from the east into West Chesterfield. The old house on the site of the present residence of William Bancroft was a tavern. Joshua Bailey kept there, and also on the other side of the street. Paul King kept a tavern opposite the well- known Luther Edwards place. This was on Sugar Hill.

REMINISCENCES OF MRS. RICHARD CLARKE.

HIer maiden name was Olive Cleveland, of Williamsburg. She was born September, 1785, and is therefore ninety-three years old past. She was married May 25, 1800, and without wasting any time or money upon a wedding trip came to Chesterfield and settled upon the farm where they ever since resided, on " the mount." Mr. Clarke died June 29, 1876, at the age of ninety years and six months, their married life having extended seventeen years beyond the celebration of their golden wedding,-sixty-seven years in all.

The year before her marriage she climbed Mount Holyoke with her future husband, going up by a foot-path. Few ever visited the mountain then. When she first came to Chester- field, Rev. Isaiah Waters was the pastor. Families went to meeting horseback, the wife riding behind her husband and carrying the baby. She says the town was famous for large families,-ten children to where there is one now. The school- house was then opposite Mrs. Clarke's home, and she recalls the names of early teachers.,-her sister, Hannah Cleveland, still living in Otis Co., N. Y., Ira Daniels, and Horace Meech. Pork and flax and other produce were taken to Bos- ton considerably, Northampton not being much of a market. People made nearly all their cloth used. Great spinners were noted. A woman in Westhampton did all the work of a fam- ily of five, spun a day's work each week-day, except Monday, and was paid half a dollar a week, while calico was one dollar a yard. One girl kept school in Mrs. Clarke's district, who had only one dollar a week and boarded herself. There was a shoemaker at the centre,-Gaius Hammond. Mrs. Clarke's father moved to Skaneateles in 1817; died ninety years and six months old, almost to a day the same as her husband's age. Her mother, who was a Parsons, lived to be one hundred and four years and seven months, and one sister ninety-nine. As an infant of a few months, Mrs. Clarke was carried by her parents horseback to an ordination at Amherst ninety-three years ago. Rev. Edward Clarke, her son, resides with her, having re- turned from the work of the ministry to stay with his parents in their old age.

Nehemiah Luce states that the first frame house in town was built on his farm, and that the cellar-place and the old well are still to be seen. Just south of Mr. Luce's was the old parade-ground, familiar to those who remember the old train- ings.

The following are from old files of the Hampshire Gazette :

Aug. II, 1788 .- Solomon Allen advertises various goods, at the store lately occupied by Southworth Cole :

" West India Rum by the hogshead or less quantity, New England Rum, Mo- lasses, Salt, Sugar, Brandy, Gin, Indigo, Suuff, Crockery Ware, Felt hats; the best of Bohea tea at 38. 4d. per pound for cash, less by the hundre l weight. Scythes, sickl .s, &c.

" The above articles will be soll as cheap as any store in the county. Almost all kinds of produce will be received in payment.

"Said Allen wants to purchase 2000 bushels of flaxseed ; one-half he will pay in cash, the other half in goods, and the highest price given. Also wants to purchase a number of Cattle for barreling and shipping."

Oct. 2, 1793 .- Samuel Huntington advertises a runaway indented boy, William Russell : " Whoever will take up and return said buy to his injured master shall have two Bungtown Coppers, and no charges paid."

June 3, 1793 .- The Blind Man of Chesterfield having lately received from New York a general assortment of goods, solicits a continuance of favors, flattering himself that their commisseration for the singularity of his circumstances, blind for years as well as his fair dealing, will indnee them to multiply their favors. * SOLOMON RUSSELL.

Dee. 11, 1801 .- Benjamin Parsons, secretary of the Hamp- shire Musical Society, announces the next meeting at Whately, and gives the following tunes as selected for the occasion :

" A Tribute to Washington ;" Anthem, " I said I will take Heed to my Way ;" " Crucifixion ;" " Devotion ;" " Deer- field ;" " 59th Psalm, Psalm tune ;" "Friendship ;" " Jeru- salem ;" " Marlborough ;" " No. Five ;" " Norfolk ;" " No. Nineteen ;" "Old Age ;" " Oxford;" " Redemption ;" " Sub- mission ;" "Sinai ;" " Denmark ;" with the supplement ; "Suffex ;" and " Union." This is a glimpse at the music seventy-seven years ago.

ORGANIZATION.

Incorporation followed closely upon settlement in the case of Chesterfield. As already shown, there seems to be no cer- tain information as to the exact date when the first pioneer settled within the present limits of the town. Vinton's his- torical address in 1862 speaks of Gideon Bisbee as coming out from Northampton in 1755-56 and clearing land, but return- ing every Saturday night; and the various gazetteers and histories already written are so silent upon this point we con- elude that quite a portion of the first settlers came together in something of a colony,-1760 to 1762,-and sought immediate incorporation. It is stated that the town was named from the earl of Chesterfield, but the writers above alluded to fail to show any incident that led to this, and give no indication with reference to the individual who named the town in honor of the distinguished earl. We suggest the following explanation until further discoveries are made. Hospitality is genuine politeness. Politeness had its most noted instance in Lord Chesterfield. Hospitality is not only genuine but generous in this beautiful town, therefore its appropriate name is Chesterfield.

We quote from the records the faets with reference to the town organization .

July 20, 1762 .- At a legal town-meeting in Chesterfield, by virtue of a warrant from one of his majesty's Justices of ye Peace, which warrant runs after ye fol- lowing manner, viz. :

HAMPSHIRE CO., 88. ;

To Jeremiah Stock well, one of ye principal inhabitants of the town of Ches- terfield, in said county, Greeting : Pursuant to an act made and passed, ye Great . and General Court at their session in May, 1762, impowering the subscriber, une of his majesty's Justices of the Peace for and within said County of Hamp- shire, to issue a warrant to some principal inhabitant of Chesterfieldl, requiring him to call a meeting of ye inhabitants in order to choose such officers as by law towns are authorized to choose in ye month of March annually.

These are, therefore, in his Majesty's name to require you to warn and give notice to ye inhabitants of sd Chesterfieldl that they assemble themselves at the dwelling-house of Elisha Warner, in sd Chesterfield, on Wednesday, ye 20th day of July, instant, at 10 o'clock in ye forenoon, then and there to choose such officers as by law towns are empowered to choose in the months of March annu- ally ; hereof you are not to fail, but make return of this warrant to me ye snb- scriber before ye time prefixed for holling sd meeting, together with your doings therein. Given under my hand & seal this 6th day of July, in the 2nd year of the reign of our Sovreign Lord George the 3d, A.D. 1762.

SAMUEL MATHER.

July 20, 1762 .- At a legal meeting in Chesterfield at ye house of Elisha War ner, ye inhabitants being assembled, Eleazer King was chosen moderator of said meeting; then entered upon choosing Town officers, and ye persons hereafter named were chosen & appointed to ye several offices annexed to their respective names : Eleazer King was chosen Town Clerk ; Benjamin Bryant, Coustable; Joseph Burnal, Benjamin Bouncy, Everton Beswick, Selectmen; Elisha War- ner, Town Treasurer; Seth Sylvester, Jeremiah Stockwell, Robert Wel ster, Sur- veyors of Highways; Benjamin Kidd, Fence-Viewer ; Robert Hambleton, Prince

* This store was at U'tley's Corners.

496

HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.

Cowing, Seth Sylvester, Field-Drivers; Everton Beswick, Benjamin Bonney, Assessors; Johu Halbert, Jeremiah Read, log-Reeves.

No other business is recorded at this meeting.

The house of Elisha Warner was on a place now owned by Ebenezer Edwards, well known as Sugar Hill,-supposed to be on the site of the present house occupied by a tenant,-a little more than a mile east of Chesterfield village.

Another town-meeting, pursuant to a warrant of the seleet- men, was held Oct. 15, 1762, at which Joseph Burnell was chosen moderator, and it was voted that each man should be allowed 38. 4/7. per day for working on the highways, and a proposition to build a pound was voted down,-"and so con- cluded."

No other meetings were held during this first partial year, nor is there any record of other business until the regular town-meeting of March 7, 1763. This was held at the house of Elisha Warner, and the following action taken :

Ist, chose Ezra May Moderator of the meeting; 21, chose Joseph Burnell Town Clerk ; 3d, chose Ezra May Ist Selectman; 4th, chose Alijah Tucker 2d Selectman; 5th, chose Benjamin Bryant 3d Selectman; 6th, chose Ezra May Constable; 7th, chose Benjamin Bonney Constable ; 8th, chose Elisha Warner Town Treasurer; 9th, chose Robert llambleton and Ezekiel Corban Tything- men ; 10th, chose Jeremiah Stockwell, David Stearns, Eleazer King, Wardens; 11th, chose Robert Webster, George Buck, Saomel Lyon, and Benjamin Kidd, Surveyors of Ways; 12th, chose Seth Burk Surveyor of Shingles, Iloops, and Clapboards; 13th, chose Elisha Warner Sealer of Weights and Measures; 14th, chose Jeremiah Stockwell and John Narramore Hog-Reeves; 15th, chose Heze- kinh Reed, Ithamar Amidon, and Prince Cowing, Fence-Viewers; 16th, chose Benjamin Bryant and William White Deer-Reeves; 17th, accepted of a town road laid out by the Selectmen on the 18th of December, 1762, beginning as follows: " At a beech-staddle which stands on the south side of the county road, at the cast end of the west row of lots in the town of Chesterfield, extend- ing & mth from said staddle on the line which divides the west row of luts from that which adjoins it on the cast, extending so far south as the lot No. 86. Said road 40 fret wide till it comes within 20 rods of Mr. George Buck's well; then widening out until it comes to be 60 feet wide by the well, then narrowing off till it goes 20 rods beyond said well, then holding its first mentioned width to its aforesaid bouuds;" 18th, accepted of au account of labor doue on the high- ways, viz., 2912 days at 3 shillings and 4 pence per day; 19th, accepted of an account of Everton Beswick and Benjamin Bunney, viz., of the sum of 2 pounds 12 shillings and 3 pence, lawful money; 20th, voted to raise 200 pounds, lawful money, to build a meeting-house, to settle a minister, and for clearing and re- miring romuls; 21st, voted to allow each man for every faithful day's work on the high ways 3 shillings and 4 pence per day ; 22d, allowed Jeremiah Stock well's account for warning a town-meeting the 20th day of July, 1762, viz., the sum of 8 shillings, lawful money.

The meeting was then dissolved.

This meeting filled all the usual town offices, and made the organization complete.

Our limits permit only a few brief extracts from the ample materials contained in the volumes of town records extending over a period of one hundred and sixteen years.

March 11, 1765 .- Allowed Jeremiah Spalding's account for 20 Lord's-Day moons, 10 shillings.

May 12, 1766 .- Vuted to meet at Mr. Jeremiah Spalding's on Lord's Day for 2 1wIls a year.

May 4, 1767 .- Voted " to choose a committee of indifferent men of judgment to come and view the sitnation of the town, and pitch upon the most justest spot to set a meeting-house upon."

Oct. 29, 1767 .- Voted to meet on Lord's day at the house of Lient. Abuer Brown.

May 7, 1770 .- Voted that Mr. John Tucker sweep the meeting-honse 12 times a year, and lock it and open it on all suitable occasions, and allow him 9 shil- linga for this year.

March 6, 1769, a road was accepted, described as follows :

" Beginning at a Hemlock-tree on ye county road, about six rods cast of ye Rev. Benjamin Mills' honse, and thence straight by ye east end of his barn, and thence straight hy ye east end of ye burying-yard, thence straight to and between -ye lowermost rocky ledge and ye second ledge and Lt. Abuer Brown's lot, and thence between ye ledge to n convenient place to go down, theuce straight to ye meeting-house, and ye road is four rods wide."

June 5, 1769 .- Voted " to clear the new road across Westfield River."

This is now the old River Ilill road. The date when the bridge was built is uncertain, though probably about that year. Nearly thirty years later, when the Third Massachu- setts Turnpike Corporation was established, this road became a part of the turnpike. A toll-gate was kept just beyond the west end of the bridge, and the old house on the south side of

the road was erected for the residence of the gate-tender. The neighborhood is still known to some extent as the Gate.

Feb. 12, 1767, Joshua llealy, Robert Webster, and Eleazer King were appointed a committee to examine the bridge built by Benjamin Bonney, near John May's saw-mill, March 15th. Bonney's account was allowed to the amount of £8 158., and at a later meeting Richard Sylvester's bill for 1388 feet of 2-inch plank sawed, £1 1s. and 10d. It is stated that " this bridge was located on the stream passing Bisbee's mills, and about a mile below them, near the lower end of the Cole- man grant, and not far from where Mr. Elisha Witherell, Sr., lived. "

Sept. 19, 1774 .- Voted 12 pounds 10 shillings to buy a barrel of powder, and the remainder of the money, if any there be, in leal an l flints.

Dec. 21, 1774 .- Committee on resolves of the Continental Congress, -Maj. Ezra May, Lieut. Robert Webster, Capt. Benjamin Tupper, Capt. Benjamin Bonney, Mr. Ephraim Patch, Mr. Joseph Bailey, Mr. Eleazer King. Voted that the se- leetmen call town-meetings, aud the constables warn then as usual.

The last town-meeting called " in his Majesty's name" was March 4, 1776. Of course the phrase had been a mere form for the year previous. For a town-meeting May 20, 1776, the expression is omitted and no other used. The selectmen simply say to the constable, " You are hereby required fortb- with to warn and give notice." This was the "interregnum," when the town of Chesterfield called its meetings in its own name, by virtue of its own sovereignty. And the constable returns, "According to the orders of the seleetmen I have given notice," etc.

June 19, 1776, the warrant for a town-meeting commenees in "the name of the thirteen United Colonies." Oct. 7, 1776, the warrant is issued in " the name of the State of Massachu- setts Bay." The successive steps are thus seen to be: 1st, royal authority ; 2d, town authority (reserved inherent home rule); 3d, national authority ; 4th, and finally, the STATE. This order unconsciously recognizes that the nation is supreme, and this State exists under it, and not abore it.

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History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. I, Part 164

Author: L.H. Everts & Co Publication date: 1879 Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts Number of Pages: 700

Author: L.H. Everts & Co
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts
Number of Pages: 700