USA > Massachusetts > History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. I > Part 46
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On the 18th of June a general advance was ordered, and one line of rifle-pits was carried and an assault made on the second line in front of Petersburg. The first assaulting line was formed of Col. Steadman's brigade, and the 27th was in the second line supporting. The advance was terrific and the slaughter almost unparalleled, Gen. Stannard remarking that he had never witnessed so severe a fire in any of the forty bat- tles in which he had been engaged. Steadman's brigade was repulsed, but Stannard's advanced gallantly to its support and helped to establish the line within fifty yards of the enemy. The loss of the 27th in this affair was 3 officers wounded, leaving one lieutenant alone remaining, 10 enlisted men killed, and 32 wounded,-nearly fifty per cent. of the total number of men engaged.
Soon after this battle a number of officers were ordered back to the regiment from detached service, and during the two succeeding months Capts. Me Kay, Bailey, Caswell, and Bart- lett and Lieuts. W. H. Il. Briggs and W. C. Hunt rejoined the regiment and successively had the command. Immedi- ately after the affair in front of Petersburg the command devolved upon Lieut. E. M. Jillson, the only commissioned officer remaining unhurt after the battle was over. The regi- ment remained in the trenches in front of Petersburg until August 24th, and was under fire every alternate two days during that period. Two men were killed and 8 wounded during the time by the enemy's sharpshooters.
On the 24th of August the 18th Corps was relieved by the 10th Corps, and the 27th went back to Gen. Butler's lines, between the Appomattox and James Rivers, where for the first time the men found themselves on friendly terms with the enemy's pickets (of Longstreet's Corps), and not exposed to danger from pieket firing. Gen. Butler's good-will toward Ilickman's brigade procured an order for the four original regiments to be transferred and sent to their old field in North Carolina. The 27th left the army on the 17th of September on the transport " Convoy." Col. Lee had been exchanged in August, and, meeting the regiment at Norfolk, obtained an order from Gen. Butler to retain all the men whose term of service expired before Oct 1. Capt. MeKay and Lieut. Holmes
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HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.
were detailed to take command of this detachment (179 men), and proceeded to Springfield, Mass., where they were inus- tered out on the 27th of September, 1864. Col. Lee's term of service expired on the 20th of September, but he was not mus- tered out until some time in October.
On the 19th of September that portion of the regiment still in the field sailed for Beaufort, N. C., on the steamer " United States." The regiment went into camp near Carolina City on the 21st, and, having no tents, built themselves log huts. The regiment was commanded by Maj. Moore from September 17th to November 21st, when Lieut .- Col. Bartholomew, who had been under fire with Col. Lee at Charleston, S. C., hav- ing been exchanged, arrived and took command.
On the 28th of November the regiment broke camp and proceeded to Beaufort, under orders from Col. McChesney, commanding sub-district. Here they were engaged on picket duty until the 4th of December, when they were ordered to Newbern, and embarked on the steamer " Massasoit."
On the 7th of December they landed at Plymouth, where they were assigned to a command under Col. Jonas Frankle, 2d Massachusetts Artillery.
December 9th the command moved out at five A.M., and soon encountered the enemy's scouts near Jamestown. Capt. Graham's company of North Carolina ( Union ) cavalry charged them, and they fell back to Foster's Mills. Here they made a stand and attempted to prevent a crossing of the stream. The 27th was sent forward and secured the bridge, and the enemy soon fled, pursued by Graham's cavalry. That night the force encamped at Williamstown and remained until the 12th, when an advance was made to Hamilton ; the enemy's pickets were encountered three miles from this place. At Spring Church the force was divided. The 27th Massachusetts and 9th New Jersey, under Col. J. E. Stewart, of the latter regiment, were ordered to execute a flank movement and gain the rear of the enemy's works at Butler's Bridge. The movement was an en- tire success, and the rebels were taken so completely by sur- prise that Col. Hinton, of North Carolina, commanding the post, took the Union force for a Confederate reinforcement, and was only disabused of the belief when Lieut .- Col. Barthol- omew grasped the bridle-rein of his horse and informed him that he was a prisoner.
The command returned to Plymouth on the 15th, the 27th acting as rear-guard on the return. The loss during this move- ment was 1 killed and 2 wounded.
On the 8th of January, 1865, the regiment was ordered to Newbern, which place it reached on the 11th. Six companies were stationed at Rocky Run, under command of Lieut .- Col. Bartholomew, and the other four companies at Red House, under Capt. MeKay.
Early in March the regiment was brigaded with the 15th Connectieut, to form the 2d Brigade, 2d Division of the Dis- triet of Beaufort, under command of Col. Upham, and ordered to report to Gen. Cox, at Cove Creek, where it arrived on the afternoon of March 4th.
From this point, on the 6th, the command of Gen. Cox made the movement which resulted so disastrously. At nightfall the troops had made only eight miles, to Gum Swamp. On the 7th the 27th marched from Gum Swamp to Southwest Creek, where the enemy were found strongly in- trenched behind the creek. Skirmishing ensued, and during the night the Union skirmish-line was advanced within seventy-five yards of the creek, and rifle-pits were thrown up. The brigade numbered about 1000 men, and was at this time two miles in advance of supports.
On the morning of the 8th information was received that the enemy were making a movement on the left, and npon this Col. Bartholomew faced to the left and formed his com- mand at right angles with the 15th Connecticut, who were also ordered to face in the same direction, but when found by Adjt. Holmes, of the 27th, who earried the order, they were
lying on their faces and fronting away from the enemy, and seemingly bewildered as to what should be done. Subse- quently, during the enemy's attack, they partially faced to the left, and fired directly into the ranks of the 27th.
There was a company of cavalry attached to this command, under Lieut. Fish, and they had two small howitzers, which the lieutenant placed in position and served splendidly until resistance was useless, when the gallant fellow limbered up and, charging directly through the enemy, escaped with his men and guns.
The enemy occupied the thick underbrush, from whence they poured in an incessant and heavy fire. By a sudden charge they forced the 27th back upon the 15th Connecticut, but the two regiments kept their ground for nearly an hour, when they broke and endeavored to escape, but, as the enemy had entirely surrounded them, very few succeeded. The 27th had one hundred and seventy-eight muskets at the beginning of the fight, and only one man succeeded in making his escape .*
While trying to rally his men Col. Bartholomew was struck through the leg and fell, and at his request Adjt. Holmes remained with him. The adjutant had just succeeded in binding a handkerchief around the wounded limb and getting the colonel into a comfortable position beside a tree, when a rebel officer of Gen. Hoke's staff' rode up, and, dismounting, snatched the handkerchief from the wounded officer, and, taking the overcoats, blankets, boots, and what money he could find from both men, rode away. They were soon taken to Kingston, where the colonel's wound was dressed, and from thence were removed to Goldsboro' the next day, where Col. B. was placed in hospital, with other wounded Union men, and three surgeons were left to attend them, who for a whole day paid no attention to them whatever, until Adjt. Holmes re- ported the matter to a superior officer, who speedily ordered them to attend to their duties.
To Surg. Mathers, of the 28th Georgia Regiment, Col. Bartholomew was indebted for the saving of his limb after a council of surgeons had decided to amputate it. Adjt. Holmes was permitted to remain with the colonel for a short time, when, with the remaining offieers, he was sent to Weldon, where the officers occupied a church for two days, in the midst of a cold rain-storm, upon a promise that they would respect it. The wounded men were left in hospital at Goldsboro'. The able-bodied enlisted men were marched to Richmond, and the officers were taken from Weldon on the top of box-ears and placed in Libby prison.
A few days after this affair Gen. Sherman's army occupied Goldsboro' on their way north. While in Libby prison the officers purchased their own provisions, and consequently lived quite comfortably. Before the final campaign of 1865 began the officers were taken to City Point, and from thenee went home on parole. The enlisted men were also paroled, and re- turned to Massachusetts. Subsequently they were taken to Annapolis, Md., and regularly exchanged.
Col. Bartholomew eventually recovered from his wound, though still crippled, and is at present living at Tampa, Fla. Both he and Adjt. Holmes speak in the highest terms of Surg. Mathers, who was unremitting in his attentions to the Union wounded men ; and, as a mark of gratitude for the saving of his limb, the colonel presented him with his gold watch-chain, which he had concealed when captured.
The rebel force engaged in this affair was Gen. Hoke's entire division, numbering, according to their own accounts, 8000 men. Their loss was not known. It was one of the last expiring struggles of the war. The battle of Bentonville occurred on the 19th of the same month.
The following statement exhibits the casualties in the regi-
* The loss of the 27th on the field in this affair was 14 killed and 48 wounded, including, among the latter, Col. Bartholomew and four other officers.
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HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.
ment during the war, not including those who died in rebel hands, who probably numbered over 100 additional :
Commissioned Officers .- Killed, 6; died of wounds, 2; taken prisoners, 9 ;* wounded, 12; died of disease. 3.
Enlisted Men .- Killed, 70; died of wounds, 47;} died of disease, 128 ;; wounded, 272; died of disease while prisoners, (about) 250; taken prisoners, 430; deserters to Dee. 31, 1864, 51.
The following are the names of the commissioned officers who were killed or died of wounds and disease :
Capt. Ilenry A. Hubbard, Feb. 12, 1862, died of disease. Lieut. Joseph W. Lawton, March 14, 1862, killed, Newbern.
Lieut. Cyrus W. Goodale, Oct. 30, 1862, died of disease.
Lieut. Edw. D. Lee, April 17, 1864, died of disease.
Capt. Charles D. Sanford, May 16, 1864, killed, Drury's Bluff.
Lieut. Pliny Wood, May 31, 1864, died of wounds. Lieut. Edgar H. Coombs, June 1, 1864, killed, Cold Harbor. Capt. Ed. D. Wilcox, June 3, 1804, killed, Cold Harbor. Lieut. Saml. Morse, June 3, 1864, killed, Cold Harbor. Maj. Wm. A. Walker. June 3, 1864, killed, Cold Harbor. Lieut. Fred. C. Wright, June 27, 1864, died of wounds. Asst .- Surg. Franklin L. Hunt, Nov. 18, 1864, killed.
CHAPTER XXXII.
THIRTY-FIRST, THIRTY-FOURTH, THIRTY-SEV- ENTH, AND FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENTS.
THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT.
THIS regiment was raised in the western part of the State and designated the " Western Bay State Regiment." Co. E was mostly from Hampden County, and there were quite a number of Hampden men in Co. K.
On the 19th of February, 1862, marching orders were re- ceived, and on the 21st it left Boston, and reached Fortress Monroe on the 22d, when, taking on board Gen. Butler and staff, it proceeded to Ship Island, in the Mexican Gulf, where, after encountering considerable stormy weather, it arrived on the 20th of March. Here it remained until the 18th of April, when it sailed for New Orleans.
The regiment witnessed the bombardment of Forts Jack- son and St. Philip, and the wonderful naval victory of Ad- miral Farragut over the powerful rebel fleet which con- tested the passage of the river with stubborn but unavailing bravery.
On the first day of May, 1862, the city surrendered, or rather was taken possession of by the army and navy, the 31st Massachusetts Infantry being the first regiment to land on the levee, and to it was assigned the duty of dispersing the noisy crowd of traitors who thronged the river-front of the city, and of escorting the commanding general to his head- quarters.
The regiment was at first quartered in the United States Custom-House; but in August the command was divided, and part, under Col. Gooding, stationed in Forts Jackson and St. Philip, part, under Lieut .- Col. Welden, at Fort Pike, and part assigned to picket duty in the city.
In January, 1863, the detachments were united, and on the 10th of February, under command of Lieut .- Col. Hopkins, the regiment took part in the Plaquemine Bayou expedition.
In March the division to which the 31st was attached was assigned to the army destined to invest Port Hudson.
On the 13th of April the regiment was hotly engaged at Fort Bisland, under Gen. Emory. It was present during the siege of Port Hudson, and was prominently engaged in the
battles of May 25th and 27th and June 14th. Soon after the surrender of this stronghold, which occurred on the 8th of July, 1863, it was ordered to Baton Rouge, when it was assigned to the 2d Brigade, Ist Division, of the 19th Army Corps. On the 9th of September the three companies which had heen on detached service at Fort Pike returned to the regiment.
On the 9th of December the regiment reported to Gen. Lee at New Orleans, and on the 19th was ordered to he mounted as cavalry, and was furnished with cavalry arms, sabres, and re- volvers. It was for a time known as the 6th Massachusetts Cavalry.
It was subsequently brigaded with the 3d Massachusetts, the 2d Illinois, and the 2d New Hampshire cavalry regiments, which formed the 4th Cavalry Brigade, commanded by Col. Dudley, of the 30th Massachusetts.
The brigade was in the celebrated but disastrous Red River expedition under Gen. Banks, and participated in the desperate battles of Sabine Cross-Roads, April 8th, and Pleasant Hill, on the 9th and 10th. Upon the retreat of the army the 31st acted as train-guard until the army reached Grand Ecore.
Grand Ecore was evacuated on the 21st of April, and on the 23d occurred the battle of Cane River, in which the 31st led the advance, capturing a number of Texas cavalry. At Hudnot's Plantation, seventeen miles from Alexandria, a sharp action was fought, in which the 31st again distinguished itself and cap- tured more prisoners. In the retreat from this point the regi- ment acted as rear-guard, and had numerous skirmishes with the enemy.
On the 3d of July the regiment encamped on its old ground of two years before, opposite New Orleans, where it remained until the 21st, when it started via the Mississippi and Cairo, on veteran furlough, on the steamer " Pauline Carroll." It arrived at Boston on the 4th of August and remained until the 8th of September, when it left Pittsfield for New York, from which port it sailed on the 9th, and landed at New Orleans on the 19th, of the same month. It was at this time restored to its original organization as infantry. A few days subse -. quently it again, by order of Gen. Canby, reported to the chief of cavalry to be re-mounted.
On the 19th of November the three years' term of service of Cos. A, B, C, and D expired, and they were mustered out of the service. The regiment was then consolidated into a hat- talion of five companies. At the close of the year 1864 it was the only Massachusetts regiment remaining in the Department of the Gulf.
From this time until the beginning of February the battal- ion was engaged in the arduous duty of guarding and pro- tecting a large district of country on the right bank of the Mississippi, and had several collisions with sconting-parties of the enemy.
On the 8th of February the regiment was brigaded with three others, and the whole assembled at Carrollton prepara- tory to a march upon Mobile. The advance commenced on the 19th of March, and the regiment performed various du- ties during the siege of that important place. The forts were captured on the 8th and 9th of April, and on the 4th of May the regiment formed the escort of Gen. Granger, to whom Gen. Dick Taylor surrendered on that day. The regiment was finally discharged on the 30th of September, 1865.
THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT.#
This regiment was raised principally in Worcester County. Cos. D and G were largely from Hampden County. It left the State on the 15th of August, 1862, with full ranks, and proceeded to Washington, D. C., when it was ordered to Camp Casey, on Arlington Heights.
On the 22d of August the regiment was assigned to Gen. Banks' corps, and marched to Alexandria, Va., near which it
* Not including those taken at the Gum Swamp affair.
t This is only up to Jan. 1, 1865, and does not include those who died in the service or in rebel prisons.
# Three years.
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HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.
performed picket duty during Gen. Pope's retreat from Manas- sas, and in addition furnished a provost-guard for Alexandria.
From the 15th of September, 1862, to May, 1863, it was stationed at Fort Lyon, one of the defenses of Washington. In June the regiment, together with the brigade to which it had been assigned (the 1st of Naglee's division), marched to Harper's Ferry and took possession, capturing a number of prisoners. It was for some time employed in that vicinity on pieket duty. On the 18th of October the Confederate Gen. Imboden surprised and captured a portion of the force at Charlestown, West Va. Imboden was, however, beaten off by the brigade with considerable loss.
The regiment took part in the valley expedition under the command of Gen. Averill, who made a successful raid upon the Virginia and Tennessee Railway. In this movement the 34th extricated itself from a perilous situation in a masterly manner, under Col. Wells. On the return from the raid the infantry marched over the one hundred miles between ITar- risonburg and Harper's Ferry in less than four days.
From Dec. 24, 1863, to April 29, 1864, the regiment re- mained in the neighborhood of Harper's Ferry, employed in various duties. At the last-named date it left Martinsburg with the force of Gen. Franz Sigel, and advanced up the Shenandoah Valley as far as New Market, Va., where, on the 14th of May, it was heavily engaged with the enemy, and lost 28 men killed and 74 wounded, including 1 officer killed and 8 wounded.
At Piedmont, on the 5th of June, a severe action ensued, in which the 34th bore a conspicuous part, and the command captured 1000 prisoners. This battle was fought by Gen. Hunter.
On the 9th of June the regiment was transferred to the bri- gade commanded by Col. Wells, and on the 17th it reached Lynchburg, and laid in line of battle the following night. On the 18th a severe battle was fought, and during the remainder of the month it was constantly engaged in marching and skirmishing, and suffered considerably from lack of provisions. On the 19th of the month it took part in the desperate battle of Fisher's Hill, where the rebels were terribly beaten by the army under Gen. Sheridan.
On the 13th of October, in a severe action, Col. Wells was mortally wounded and taken prisoner, and died the same evening at Strasburg. The 34th was also engaged on the 11th. On the 19th it was ordered to Newtown, Va., where it rested for a month after a most arduous campaign, during which it had lost 7 officers and 73 men, killed or mortally wounded on the field.
On the 18th of December the regiment received marching orders, and, marching to Washington, embarked on board a steamer and proceeded to the James River and joined the Army of the James ; was assigned to the 24th Corps, and went into camp on the extreme right of the Federal line.
On the 25th of March, 1865, the regiment moved toward Hatcher's Run and repulsed a sharp attack by the enemy on the 1st of April. On the' 2d it was engaged in the terrible and successful assault upon Battery Gregg, a strong advanced work of the enemy, which was carried under a terrific fire, and the fort and its entire armament and garrison captured, with a loss to the 34th of 4 killed and 36 wounded.
This was the last fighting in which the regiment was en- gaged, and it was mustered out of the service on the 16th of June following.
The following is a list of officers belonging to the 34th Regi- ment who were killed or died during its term of service :
Col. Geo. D. Wells, Oct. 13, 1864, killed at Stickney Farm, Va.
Maj. Harrison W. Pratt, Sept. 25, 1864, died of wounds.
Capt. George W. Thompson, Sept. 19, 1864, killed at Win- chester, Va.
Capt. Win. B. Bacon, May 15, 1864, killed.
Lieut. Samuel F. Woods, June 26, 1864, died of wounds. Lieut. Albert C. Walker, Aug. 23, 1864, died of wounds. Lieut. James Dempsey, Dec. 3, 1864, died of wounds.
Lieut. Malcolm Ammidown, Oct. 1, 1864, died in prison, Charleston, S. C.
Lieut. Charles I. Woods, Oct. 13, 1864, killed.
THIRTY-SEVENTHI REGIMENT.
This regiment was mostly raised in the county of Berkshire, but Cos. A, D, L, and K were in good part from lampden County. The regiment was recruited at Camp Briggs, Pitts- field, and left the State, Sept. 7, 1862, for Washington, when it was assigned to Gen. Briggs' brigade and went intoa temporary camp below the Long Bridge, Va., and was subsequently, until November 13, engaged in various duties in Maryland and Virginia.
It was present under fire at the disastrous attack upon the rebel lines at Fredericksburg, in December, 1862, and subse- quently took part in what was denominated the " mud cam- paign," in January, 1863.
In March a great amount of sickness occurred, and a new camp in a healthier location was laid out, when the men con- structed a hundred and sixty comfortable log houses, or, as the boys were wont to call them, " chebangs," each twelve by seven feet, and five feet to the eaves, with a fireplace, and a floor of pine-poles or " puncheons." This work was completed in one week, and more than realized the expectations of the officers and surgeons.
On the 28th of April the spring campaign was opened, and the regiment crossed the Rappahannock and manœuvred until the 2d of May, when, making a night-march, they took posi- tion on the morning of the 3d in front of Fredericksburg lleights, also called Mary's Hill. In the course of the fore- noon the position was gallantly carried, the enemy being routed at all points.
Pushing forward, the enemy were soon encountered in a strong position at Salem Heights.
The following paragraphs are from an account written by an officer of the regiment : " Renewing the attack, the first line of battle was severely repulsed, and thrown back in great disorder upon the second line, formed by our brigade, in which were three Massachusetts regiments. Nobly did they sustain upon that field the honor of the Old Bay State. Not a man faltered ; freely they exposed their breasts to the leaden storm, and they who swarmed from the wood in assaulting columns, flushed with victory and yelling like demons, were thrown back into its sheltering cover, baffled, discomfited, defeated.
" At the beginning of their assault the 37th was in column by wing upon the extreme left of our line of battle, the right wing in part supporting two batteries.
" The enemy had come within fifty yards of the guns. At this point, by order of Maj .- Gen. Brooks, I sent Lieut .- Col. Montague with the left wing to check the assaulting column of the rebels, which, overlapping our line of battle, was en- dangering our left flank. Crossing a ravine, and moving by the flank under cover of a brush fence, they came within fif- teen paces of the enemy's right without being perceived, and poured into them several deadly volleys, which threw them back in confusion to the shelter of the woods. The right wing having joined the left, and the 36th New York being added to the command, we held the enemy at bay on the extreme left of the front line during the night and the next day ( May +), during which time nearly the whole of Lee's army was en- gaged by the 6th Corps alone. After dark upon the evening of the 4th we fell back to Banks' Ford, and before daylight on the 5th safely recrossed the river.
" May 6th we returned to our old camp at Falmouth. June 6th we marched to Franklin's Crossing, and crossed over to the south bank June 10th. There we remained, threatening the enemy, till the 13th, when we recrossed the river and took
DR. C. B. SMITH.
DR. CYRUS B. SMITH is a descendant in the eighth generation from Lieut. Samuel Smith, who, with his wife, sailed from Eogland, April 30, 1634. They settled first in Wethersfield, Conn., and in 1660 re- moved to Iladley, Mass., where he died in 1680. He was a magis- trate, and was prominent in town and church affairs.
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