History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. II, Part 22

Author: L.H. Everts & Co
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts
Number of Pages: 896

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In 1771, Oliver Root was hired to keep the school four months, at 36s. per month. In 1773, Aaron Easterbrook was hired to teach school ten months. Oliver Root was again hired to teach school in 1776. About this time there were probably schools in the northwestern, the northern, and the northeastern portions of the district, for those sections were voted their proportion of the school money.

There are now in the town eighteen public schools, of which one is a high school, located at Montague Centre. This school was created in 1870, and now occupies a handsome brick build- ing, which was erected in 1873, at a cost of $14,000. The building contains, besides the high school, a primary and a grammar school. A graded school at Turner's Falls occupies

a brick building that cost $15,000, and there is at that place also another school building, whose construction cost $2500. The graded school at the Falls, known as a useful and val- uable institution of learning, is called the Oakman School, in honor of R. N. Oakman, Esq., of Montague, who con- tributed liberally toward the erection of the edifice. There is a $6000 brick structure at Montague City, used as a graded school, and in the eastern district, at Miller's Falls, there is a $2500 school-house. The town appropriated, in 1878, $7000 for school purposes, and in that year the average daily attend- ance of pupils reached 600.

PUBLIC LIBRARIES.

Montague Centre has a public library, which contains about 1700 volumes. It occupies an apartment in the town-hall . building, and is held in deserved popular favor. About ten years ago a young lady school-teacher of the town, Miss Bailey, conceived the idea of founding a public library, and by her individual exertions succeeded in collecting quite a number of books. Her efforts stimulated others, and as a result a fair was projected for the benefit of the enterprise. By this fair upward of $1000 was obtained, and with that fund the library was successfully established. It is supported by town contributions and receipts from members.

Turner's Falls has a library association, which was organized in January, 1876, and provided with funds by private sub- scription. Its library-rooms are in the Colla block, and in its library are now about 1000 volumes. Support is derived in part from the town and in part from membership fees.

BURIAL-PLACES.

There are eight public burial-grounds in the town, -two at Montague Centre, two at Turner's Falls, one at Montague City, one at Miller's Falls, one on Dry Hill, and one on Chest- nut Ilill. The first burying-ground laid out in the town, and the only one containing head-stones of a remote date, is found about a mile south of Montague Centre. Appended is a list of a few of the oldest inscriptions now to be observed there : Elijah Root, 1759; Elisha Root, Jr., 1770; Lucy Root, 1776; Bildad Billings, 1783 ; Ilolester Baker, 1774; Elknah Baker, 1773; Terzah Sprague, 1777; Eunice Sprague, 1774; Rev. Judah Nash, 1805; Mary Nash, his relict, 1824, aged ninety- seven ; Zenas Nash, 1777; Mary Kingsley, 1777; Elijah Bard- well, 1786; Experience Bardwell, 1783; Enoch Bardwell, 1817, aged ninety-five; Martha, his wife, 1813, aged eighty-nine ; Moses Severance, 1799; Abner, son of Jonathan Root, 1780; Rodolphus Root, 1777; Moses Gunn, 1783; Eunice Clapp, 1795; Hannah, wife of Nathaniel Gunn, 1783; Nathaniel Gunn, 1779; John Clapp, 1791; Samuel Wrisley, 1796, aged ninety- two.

Upon the tombstone of Elijah Bardwell, above noted, ap- pears the following inscription :

" In memory of Elijalı Bardwell, who died January 26, 1786, in ye 27th year of his age, having but a few days survived ye fatal night when he was flung from his horse and drawn by ye sturrup 26 rods along ye path, as appeared by ye place where his hat was found, and here he had spent ye whole of ye following severe cold night, treading down the snow in a small circle."

SOCIETIES AND ORDERS.

The societies or orders in the town are five in number, with an aggregate membership of 295. Buy State Lodge, F. and A. M., was organized in 1872, and has now a membership of 80. The other four orders are located at Turner's Falls, and are Brunch No. 1, A. O. II. (Ancient Order Hibernians), a benevolent society, organized in 1871, and now composed of 40 members; a benevolent society known as the D. O. HI. (Dutch Order Harugari), which was organized in 1872, and has now 50 members; a benevolent society known as the Independent Foresters, organized in 1878, whose membership is 75; and Mechanics' Lodge, F. and A. M., numbering 50 members.

630

HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.

INDUSTRIES.

The industrial centre of the town is at Turner's Falls, where the manufacturing interests are extensive and important. Chief among them is the John Russell Manufacturing Com- pany, engaged in the production of table and pocket cutlery and plated spoon ware, the latter feature of the manufacture having been added in the winter of 1878. The origin of this company dates back to 1828, when John Russell began the manufacture of cutlery in a small way at Greenfield, Mass. In 1834, Mr. Russell's new venture had assumed such propor- tions that he organized a stock company for the further de- velopment of the enterprise, and in that year the company built the Green River Works, on the Green River, at Green- field, and entered largely upon the manufacture of cutlery. The business was conducted at this point until 1870, when it was transferred to the company's present location at Turner's Falls, where the erection of new works was begun in 1868, and npon their completion in 1870 the change of location was effected, as noted. In 1868, Mr. Russell retired from the active management of the enterprise, which continued, how- ever, to bear the impress of his name by assuming the desig- nation of The John Russell Manufacturing Company, with a capital of $500,000, and as such is now known. This estab- lishment is not only the oldest one of the kind in this country, but is also the largest. The works have a frontage on the Connecticut River of 610 feet, and are capable of employing a force of 1200 persons. But one-half that number (or 600) was employed in 1878, and in that year the value of manu- factures reached $450,000.

Next in importance is the Montague Paper Company, which was projected in 1870 by Col. Alva Crocker, of Fitchburg, Mass., and Edwin Bulkley, of New York, and organized in May, 1871, Col. Crocker becoming president, and Mr. Bulkley a member of the board of directors. The original capital stock was $125,000, and upon this, in 1871, a three-story brick mill, 128 by 55 feet, was erected just west of the Russell Company's works, and the work of manufacturing news- printing paper begun. In 1872 the manufacture of book- paper was inaugurated, and to the production of these two kinds of paper the mill is still devoted. In 1874 the works were enlarged by the addition of a wing three stories in height, and measuring 100 by 55 feet, and in 1875 the company purchased the works of the Turner's Falls Pulp Company, directly east, and consisting of a two-story. brick edifice, measuring 200 by 55 feet. The latter was soon afterward en- larged, so that now, in 1879, the company has a front on the river of 560 feet. The nominal capital is $290,000, but the actual investment in mills, ete., reaches upward of $500,000. Two hundred and fifty people are employed, and the daily product is 10 tons of printing-paper and 6 .tons of refined wood-pulp, aggregating an annual value of $800,000.

The Keith Paper Company commenced operations in 1874, with a capital of $750,000 invested in buildings and stock. They employ 250 people, and produce 5 tons of fine paper daily.

The Clark & Chapman Machine Company manufactures rotary pumps, turbine water-wheels, circular-saw mills, etc., and employs 30 hands.

The Shawmut Manufacturing Company is the only company in this country engaged in the manufacture of leatherette, -made of paper to imitate leather, and used for bookbinding, fancy boxes, picture-frame covers, pocket-books, fans, wall- paper, etc. The company, composed of Boston capitalists, began operations at Turner's Falls in 1877, and employs a force of 12 men.

Mr. Joseph Griswold, a wealthy mill-owner of Coleraine, Mass., has completed at Turner's Falls the erection of a brick cotton-mill, four stories in height, measuring 2410 by 72 feet, with an L three stories in height, and measuring 70 by 50 feet. The mill has a capacity of 20,000 spindles, and was expected,

in the spring of 1879, to be in full operation by mid-summer. In connection with the mill, Mr. Griswold has erected brick tenements, which will give homes to 200 or more of his operatives.

The other noticeable manufacturing interests in the town are the pocket-book and wallet manufactory of Emil Weiss- brod, at Montague Centre, employing 15 hands; the hay- rake-factory, at the same point, of Amos Rugg, who employs about 6 men; and the extensive brick-yards of Adams & Son, at Montague City, where about 50 men are employed.

Montague cannot be called a great agricultural town, for beyond the production of tobacco on the river-lands the yield of the soil is limited. It is, however, a good fruit country, and there is also plenty of valuable pasturage, while the manufacture of butter, the raising of stock, and the growing of Indian corn are carried on to some extent. There are 132 farms in the town, and in 1875 the value of agricultural prod- ucts was $175,186; that of manufactures, $1,478,446. The value of real estate in 1878 was $1,694,096, and of personal estate, $460,030, or a total of $2,154,126, upon which the total State, county, and town tax was $23,493.26, or at the rate of about 1 per cent. The debt of the town is $24,000, of which $12,000 are for school buildings and $8000 for bridges. As an indication of the advancement in valnation since 1854, it may be observed that in that year the total tax was but $3380.

The Turner's Falls Company, through which all the great mills at the village are supplied with water-power, was called into existence in 1866, through the forceful energy of Col. Alva Crocker, of Fitchburg, Mass., who, as has already been seen, conceived, in 1865, the idea of making the great water- power of Turner's Falls the foundation upon which the wil- derness then lying adjacent to it upon either side the Connec- tieut should rise and blossom as a rose.

Accordingly, in that year, Col. Crocker, with a few other capitalists, purchased the rights and franchises of an old cor- poration known as " The Proprietors of the Upper Locks and Canals on the Connecticut River, in the County of lamp- shire, " which was organized in 1794 as a separate corporation, when the corporation known as " The Proprietors of the Locks and Canals on the Connecticut River" resolved itself into two parts. The last-named company was created for the purpose of constructing canals around the falls at Hadley and Mon- tague, on the Connecticut River, for the passage of boats and rafts. The first attempt to construct a dam at Montague was made in 1792, at Smead's Island, opposite what is now Mon- tague City, but the attempt, owing to the depth of the water, was abandoned after several months of unsuccessful effort. In the following year a dam was built at Turner's Falls, and in 1794 work on the canal was begun. In 1798 the canal was opened to traffic, and from that time until about 1845 the company pursued a profitable business, but with the increase of railway facilities the ennal traffic rapidly diminished, and the enterprise was shortly afterward abandoned. The track of the old canal is still clearly marked, although in many places the bed has been filled up.

As before observed, Col. Crocker and others purchased the stock of this corporation in 1865, and in 1866 obtained the passage of an act of the Legislature, by which the name of the corporation was changed to that of " The Turner's Falls Com- pany." In that year the company purchased largely of lands in Montague lying on the river-front and adjacent thereto near the falls, and built a bulkhead at a cost of $24,000, and on March 20, 1867, the present dam, costing $105,000, was completed. The width from shore to shore is upward of 500 feet, but about midway between the banks, and dividing the falls, is Great Island, a rocky and picturesque elevation, which, bedecked with foliage, is, in the bright seasons of the year, a wildly romantie-looking spot, which seems appropriately set in the midst of the turbulent and mighty rush of the majestic torrent. The fall over the dam is about thirty feet, and the

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R.M. Cakeman

631

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY.

full power equal to the strength of 30,000 horses. The entire fall controlled by the company is about eighty feet. The com- pany's canal, occupying a portion of the bed of the old canal, had cost, up to March, 1879, about $173,000. The company's capital, originally $200,000, was $300,000 in 1879, in which year its assets included, besides the dam and canal, upward of 1300 acres of land, covering a long streteh of mill-sites on the river-front, and building-sites and other real estate in the village, as well as the water-right at Factory village, in Green- field, on Fall River, just above Turner's Falls.

BANKS:

There are at Turner's Falls two banks, both of which were founded by Col. Alva Crocker, and now bear his name. The Crocker National Bank was organized in 1872, has a capital

of $300,000, and a deposit of account of $55,000. The Crocker Institution for Savings was organized in 1873, and has on deposit $105,000.

NEWSPAPER.

A weekly newspaper called The Turner's Falls Reporter is published at Turner's Falls village by C. T. Bagnall, a hu- morous paragrapher of some note. The paper was started in July, 1872, by A. D. Welch, who relinquished it, in the fall of 1874, into the hands of the present publisher.

MILITARY.

MONTAGUE'S WAR RECORD.

Appended will be found a list of soldiers sent by Montague into the war of the Rebellion :

Chas. P. White, 27th Mass. C'has. C. Brewer, 52d Mass. Chas. B. Gunn, 52d Mass.

A. L. Cooley, 27th Mass.

E. N. Stevens, 27th Mass.

D. A. Stevens, 27thi Mass. Oscar Britt, 27th Mass. Jas. K. Knowlton, -. Moses C. French, 10th Mass. Geo. C. Kaulback, 10th Mass. John P'. Mealy, 31st Mass, Munroe Wright, Ioth Mass. Gaius T. Wright, 10th Mass. E. W. Whitney, 34th Mass. Geo. A. Wright, 10th Mass. Otis E. Munsell, 22d Mass. E. P. Cum, -.

Dwight Armstrong, 10th Mass. Geo. Reynolds, 10th Mass. David Pratt, 10th Mass.

Frank Ripley, 10th Mass.

Jolın Brizzee, 34th Mass.

Dwight Stewart, 27th Mass.

Truman Newton, 34th Mass.

A. E. Stevens, 27th Mass. Meander Patrick, 26th Mass. Edward Mawley, 10th Mass. Marcus Newton, 34th Mass. Tyler Williams, 10th Mass. Ethan A. Taft, 37th Mass. Manton E. Taft, 27th Mass. Levi Brizzee, 27th Mass.

W. J. Potter, 34th Mass. Edward L. Loveland, 1st II. Art.

E. D. Bornbam, 10th Mass.

C. A. Clapp, 10th Mass. O. E. Caswell, -.

Lauriston Barnes, - -.

L. A. Dury, 27th Mass.

llenry Dickinson, 10th Mass.

Geo. P. Holden, 27th Mass. D. D. Holden, 27th Mass. II. W. Loveland, 27th Mass, Frederick Loveland, 27th Mass.

L. D. Phillips, 32d Mass. E. R. Rockwood, 10th Mass. Manley Stowell, 5211 Mass. W'm. II. Spear, 21st Mass. T. O. Amsden, 27th Mass.

Jos. F. Webster, 10th Mass.

Of the foregoing, the following lost their lives in the service : Guy Bardwell, D. A. Boswell, O. Il. Littlejohn, Cyrus Marsh, Brigham Ripley, J. M. Mathews, S. S. Shaw, Christopher Ar- nold, John A. Bascom, P. M. Goddard, F. A. Spaulding, Dwight Armstrong, Frank Ripley, A. E. Stevens, Tyler Williams, E. A. Talt, M. E. Taft, T. O. Amsden, D. A. Stevens, Gaius T. Wright, E. P. Gunn, Win. G. Boutwell, Warren J. Potter, Levi Brizzee.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

RICHARD NICKERSON OAKMAN.

THE subject of the following sketch was born in Wendell, Mass., Jan. 20, 1818. His great-grandfather, who was prob- ably the progenitor of the comparatively few Oakman fami- lies in this country, eame from Norfolk, Eng., about A.D. 1750; was a shoemaker by trade, and settled in Lynn, Mass., where he left two sons-Joseph and Eben-trained in his trade or occupation. Joseph eventually migrated from Lynn, mar- ried into the Wheeler family, of Phillipston, Mass., and sub- sequently lived in Wallingford, Vt., where he died, leaving one son only, Joseph Lathe, who married Mary Nickerson, from Provincetown, Mass., A.D. 1816, and settled in Wendell, sub- sequently living in Wallingford and Phillipston, and finally returning to Wendell, where he died, Feb. 21, 1842, leaving

four sons, of whom three are now living, who, together with their four sons, constitute all the male descendants of Joseph Oakman, formerly of Lynn, now bearing his name.

Mary, widow of Joseph L., married Charles Holway, of Provincetown, and is now living, at an advanced age.

Richard, eldest son of Joseph L, and Mary Oakman, re- ceived his early education in the public schools of Wendell, then in a flourishing condition,-so much so, that before he was seventeen years of age he was approbated by the consti- tuted authorities as competent to teach in the common schools of Massachusetts, and taught his first school in Erving, in the "winter of 1834-35. His common-school advantages were sup- plemented by two or three years in the aggregate at the Franklin Academy at Shelburne Falls, when he went to

E. S. Dewey, 10th Mass, Henry Dewey, 10th Mass. O. E. Caswell, 32d Mass. Guy Bardwell, 10th Mass. D. A. Boswell, 10th Mass. Patrick Britt, 10th Mass. S. S. Waterman, 34th Mass. Philip Atwood, 10th Mass. 0. 11. Littlejohn, 10th Mass. J. W. Potter, 10th Mass. David Burnham, 10th Mass. Walter Pierce, 34th Mass. Albert Smith, 10th Mass. C. K. Burnham, Ioth Mass. Alfred l'ierce, 27th Mass. Cyrus Marsh, 34th Mass. Brigham Ripley, 27th Mass, J. W. Norton, 37th Mass. J. M. Mathews, Ist Mass. L. H. Stone, 52d Mass. C. W. Stone, 52dl Mass. H. W. Payne, 52d Mass. Geo. D. Payne, 52d Mass. A. M. Webster, 52d Mass. I. P'. Gould, 52dl Mass. Ilenry Taylor, 52d Mass. Chas. B. Wait, 520 Mass. Geo. F. Wait, 52d Mass. John P. Sawin, 52d Mass. Truman Bowman, 52d Mass. Chas. A. Murdock, 52d Mass. G. N. Watson, 52d Mass. Chas. P. Preler, 528 Mass. S. S. Shaw, 524 Mass. J. D. Butwell, 52d Mass. Christopher Arnokl, 52d Mass. Henry J. Day, 520 Mass. A. II. Sawin, 52d Mass. J. S. P.erce, 52d Mass. Geo. F. Adams, 520 Mass. J. L. Andrews, 52d Mass. E. N. Marsh, 5211 Mass. John A. Bascom, 52d Mass. Erastns Burnham, 5zd Mass.

Geo. S. Pond, 52d Mass. Parly H. Smith, 52d Mass. Frederick Sanderson, 52d Mass. Henry W. Sandford, -. P. H. Goddard, 26th Mass. E. L. Goddard, 26th Mass. Otis Spencer, 27th Mass. Julius Clapp, 27th Mass. Truman Ward, 27th Mass, Fred. A. Spaniding, 26th Mass. Stephen Spaulding, 26th Mass. Joseph Burns, 22d Mass. Chas. D. Gunn, 25th Mass. Wm H. Adams, 10th Mass.

E. F. Ilartwell, 10th Mass.

W. E. Bardwell, 2d H. Art. M. H. Bardwell, 2d II. Art. F. E. Wright, 2dl II. Art. Jas. S. Day, 2d H. Art.

Emerson Newton, 34th Mass. Wm. G. Bontwell, 30 Bat. Henry B. Graves, 3d L. Art.

D. L. Warner, 12th Mass. Charles Wel ster, -, C. N. Lawson, 27th Mass.

R. N. Clapp. 52dl Mass.

632

HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.

Provincetown and engaged as principal of the Union Acad- emy at that place, where he was employed for six years.

Aug. 10, 1841, Mr. Oakman married Julia P. Hawkes, of Ilawley, Mass., who has been a faithful helpmeet and afl'ec- tionate and devoted wife and mother. In the spring of 1846 they removed to Montague, purchased a farm, and engaged in the arduous labors of their new calling. An inventory of their resources at the time of their purchase might be written as follows, viz. : good health, great expectations, some energy, and seven hundred dollars in cash ; and it is said that they are among the class of those who have acquired a reasonable competence by legitimate farming. Mr. Oakman at this period possessed unusual power of physical endurance, and, in addition to the labors of his farm, continued for several years to teach in the district schools for the winter season, until he was able to number twenty-three years, during a part or the whole of which he had been engaged in teaching in the schools of Massachusetts.

In 1850, Mr. Oakman was first elected to the several town offices of selectman, assessor, overseer of the poor, and school committee, which offices he continued to hold for many years, to the satisfaction of his fellow-citizens, as will appear by the following resolution, passed unanimously at the annual March meeting, 1876:

" Whereas, R. N. Oakman, having been elected to the office of selectman of the town of Montague for the twenty-seventh time, and having declined longer to serve the town in that capacity,

" Be it resolred, That, as citizens of the town, we regret to lose the services of R. N. Oakman as chairman of our Board of Selectmen, in which position he bas so long, su ably. and so successfully served the town, both as its counselor and financier,-in a word, for the town as for himself; and that this expression of our appreciation of his services be entered on the records of the town."

In 1857, the pauper expenses of the town of Montague having become a grievous burden to the tax-payers, the town determined to try the experiment of an almshouse establish- ment, and for that purpose purchased a farm with outfits. Mr. Oakman and wife were induced to dispose of their own homestead and take the superintendence of this establishment for the town,-himself as manager of the farm, and Mrs. Oak- mau as housekeeper and matron. IIon. F. B. Sanborn, secre- tary of the Board of State Charities, in his first report to the Legislature, speaks of their success as follows : " Mr. Oakman, for six years the able superintendent of the town farm in Montague, has secured a financial success, which makes the experience of that town valuable to the whole State. It ap- pears by the printed reports annually made to the town of Montague that during the six years that Mr. Oakman and wife have had charge of the almshouse the cost of supporting the inmates gradually diminished, until, in 1862-63, it became less than nothing. That is to say, the products of the farm paid all the expenses, including interest on the purchase- money, salaries, and support of all the paupers, and there remained a small balance of profit. The explanation of it is found in the peculiar ability of the gentleman and lady re- ferred to, and in application of principles which ought every- where to prevail. In September, 1861, 1 visited Montague for the purpose of seeing the place of this happy experiment, and the persons who carried it on. I found Mr. Oakman still chairman of the selectmen, as he has been for fourteen years past, but that he had ceased to manage the almshouse farm for the town. That had been sold to Mr. Oakman for ten thousand dollars, being in better condition than when he had taken it in hand, and the town had bought a cheaper farm not far off. I have dwelt at such length on the interest- ing history of the Montague almshouse because it shows what may be, and what has been, done to lighten the burdens of pauperism in our towns, and introduce method and good order into this branch of town business by the selection of a good farm and a good farmer." Mr. Oakman is still the owner of this farm, which, however, for the past two years, has been under the management of his youngest son, while

he has purchased for himself and wife a fine homestead about a mile away, at Montague City.

Mr. Oakman has represented his town in the Legislature, served his county one term as commissioner and one term as special commissioner, held other positions of responsibility and trust, and is now president of the Crocker National Bank, and one of the directors of the Turner's Falls Company, each with a capital of three hundred thousand dollars, and both located at Turner's Falls, a manufacturing village in Mon- tague.

Mr. and Mrs. Oakman are greatly blessed in their family,- two sons and two daughters,-Richard N., Jr., Julia Kate, Nellie Pauline, and Frank Hawkes, who have been well edu- cated, and each and all faithful, obedient, and affectionate children, ever bringing joy and sunshine to their parents' hearts and home.

Mr. Oakman is a man of somewhat positive opinions of his own, with a sufficient command of the blunt old Saxon tongue to make himself understood in defending them, and, consequently, has usually been blessed with a few active and industrious opponents and enemies. He has always been counted on the side of radical reform; an anti-slavery man of the old school ; by practice and precept an advocate of total abstinence from all intoxicating liquors ; and always interested in the intellectual, moral, and religious education and welfare of the young.

R. N. OAKMAN, JR.,

is the eldest son of Richard N. and Julia P. (Hawkes) Oak- man, and was born in the town of Hawley, Franklin Co., Mass., Sept. 23, 1843. A biographical notice of his father, Richard N. Oakman, appears also in this work. The family moved from Provincetown, Mass., and settled on a farm in the town of Montague, near Lake Pleasant, where they re- mained till the year 1857, at which time they settled upon what is known as the Bardwell farm, in the same town. Until the age of fifteen, young Oakman worked upon the farm, and attended the district schools at Miller's Falls and at Montague Centre. In 1858 he entered Powers' Institute, at Bernardston, where he remained for three years, fit- ting for college. In 1861, in a competitive examination at Boston, he won the State scholarship-at-large. The same year he entered Williams College, where he remained about two years, taking the highest position in his class. During the period of his preparation for college he taught three terms of district schools,-a term each at Cambridgeport, Vt., Mon- tague, and Belchertown, Mass.

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History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. II, Part 22

Author: L.H. Everts & Co Publication date: 1879 Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts Number of Pages: 896

Author: L.H. Everts & Co
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts
Number of Pages: 896