History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. II, Part 99

Author: L.H. Everts & Co
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts
Number of Pages: 896

USA > Massachusetts > Franklin County > History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. II > Part 99

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We have now traced the history of the society down to the time when a second separate church was organized. We find, by a reference to the old records, that the salaries paid to the ministers during this early period were very small. In 1826 the estimate for the preacher was $200, and the same estimate was made in 1828, and at no period down to 1834 was it proh- ably more than $350 or $400.

This church became interested at an early date in the tem- perance movement. One of the first temperance societies in the United States was the American Temperance Union, or- ganized in Boston in 1826. We find that the Quarterly Con- ference of the Methodist Church in Springfield in the same year voted to discountenance the use of intoxicating drinks, and appointed a committee to make arrangements for the for- mation of a temperance society. The early records of the church show also that provision was made for the formation of Sunday-schools connected with the congregation, and in the remote districts of the town; and that an interest was taken in the great benevolent enterprises of the church. At a very early date, Missionary, Tract, and Bible Societies were organized auxiliary to the parent societies of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Careful and systematic provision was also made for the relief of the poor connected with the congrega- tion.

About the close of this period the anti-slavery discussion began to agitate the Northern churches. We find at a Quar- terly Conference, in July, 1835, at Asbury Chapel, the follow- ing resolution was passed: "Voted, to close the house to all lectures on Colonization and Abolition, unless a majority of the society shall vote to have it opened to the same." As an indication of the rapid progress of anti-slavery sentiment, we find that before the year closed this action was rescinded. Henceforth the Springfield Methodist Church, in common with the Methodist Churches of New England generally, was in sympathy with the anti-slavery movement.

The presiding elders of the Springfield district of the New England Conference from 1815 to 1834 were Rev. Asa Kent, Rev. E. Otis, Rev. J. A. Merrill, Rev. John Lindsey, Rev. D. Kilbon, and Rev. O. Scott.

ASBURY CHLAPEL (NOW FLORENCE STREET) METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The pastors at Asbury Chapel from 1835 to 1844 were the following : 1835, Rev. Ebenezer Blake; 1836 and 1837, Rev. IIiram H. White; 1838, Rev. Jonathan D. Bridge ; 1839, Rev. W. H. Richards ; 1840 and 1841, Rev. E. Potter; 1842, Rev. J. Fleming ; 1843, Rev. Edward A. Manning.

In 1844 a new church was organized (now Trinity Church), and a new church edifice was erected on Pynchon Street, and the membership of Asbury Chapel was transferred to the new organization. About the year 1856 preaching was resumed at Asbury Chapel, and the pulpit was supplied by . Rev. Miner Raymond, D. D., principal of the Wesleyan Academy, at Wil- braham.

In 1860 the society was constituted onee more a separate church, and Rev. Samuel Jackson became pastor. Ile was reuppointed in 1861. Rev. John C. Smith was appointed to the church in 1862 and 1863, Rev. Pliny Wood in 1864 and 1865, and Rev. N. Fellows in 1866. In 1866 a new church edifice was erected on Florence Street, which was dedicated in November, Bishop Simpson preaching the dedication sermon. The name of the church was now changed from Asbury

Chapel to Florence Street. The pastors from 1867 to the present time have heen the following: 1867, Rev. N. Fel- lows ; 1868-69, Rev. Samuel Roy ; 1870-72, Rev. Charles D. Hills. In 1871 the church edifice was remodeled and beau- tified, and a new and convenient chapel was erected. In 1873-75, Rev. F. K. Stratton was the pastor; 1876-77, Rev. W. C. High. In 1878, Rev. Joseph Scott, the present pastor, was appointed to the charge. The present number of church members is 207. The Sabbath-school numbers 23 officers and teachers and 268 scholars, and has a library of about 500 volumes. The church edifice is valued at $25,000. The board of trustees are Horace Smith, Amos Crosby, C. V. R. Austin, A. J. White, J. M. Foster, George Nye, Marcus Mills, Marcellus Pinney, Samuel Chapin.

UNION STREET (NOW STATE STREET) METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCHI.

The pastors at the Union Street Church, after the final sep- aration from Asbury Chapel in 1835, were as follows: 1835- 36, Rev. A. D. Merrill; 1837, Rev. William Livesey ; 1838- 39, Rev. John Rice ; 1840, Rev. Charles K. True, D.D. ; 1841- 42, Rev. Mark Staples; 1843, Rev. Daniel Wise, D.D .; 1844, Rev. R. S. Rust, D. D. ; 1845, Rev. A. D. Merrill ; 1846, Rev. W. R. Clarke, D.D. ; 1847-48, Rev. George Landon ; 1849-50, Rev. J. W. Mowrey; 1851, Rev. Francis A. Griswold ; 1852- 53, Rev. M. Dwight ; 1854-55, Rev. Charles P. Bragden ; 1856, Rev. Jonas MI. Bailey ; 1857, Rev. Oliver S. Howe; 1858-59, Rev. A. O. Hamilton ; 1860-61, Rev. Daniel Steel, D.D .; 1862, Rev. Isaac Cushman; 1863-65, Rev. Nelson Stutson ; 1866-68, Rev. Joseph Scott; 1869-71, Rev. Joseph H. Mans- field; 1872, Rev. John C. Smith ; 1873-75, Rev. R. R. Mere- dith. In 1871 an effort was begun for the erection of a new church edifice on State Street. The building was completed in 1873, and was dedicated Nov. 25th of that year. The ded- ication sermon was preached by Bishop Wiley. The new church is a convenient and beautiful structure, especially in its interior arrangements, and was erected at a cost of $70,000. It seats about 1000 people. In 1876, Rev. M. Ilulburd be- came the pastor, followed in 1877 by Rev. J. Il. Twombly, D.D. In 1878 the present pastor, Rev. Daniel Dorchester, D.D., was appointed to the charge. The present number of church members is 320; probationers, 16. There are two Sabbath-schools connected with the church, with 42 officers and teachers and 362 scholars, and about 600 volumes in the library. The trustees are Willis Phelps, Henry W. Phelps, Amaziah Mayo, J. Q. A. Sexton, C. M. Mather, M. Hough- ton, J. S. Carr, A. G. Bennett, A. P. Leshure.

PYNCHON STREET (NOW TRINITY) METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The Pynchon Street Church was organized in 1844, and numbered at its organization about forty members. Some of the first services of the society were held in the Worthington Street grove. The church on Pynchon Street was completed and dedicated in March, 1845. The dedication sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Olin, president of the Wesleyan Uni- versity. Rev. Jefferson Haskell, D.D., was the first pastor. lle was followed in 1845 by Rev. George Landon, who was reappointed in 1846. In 1847-48, Rev. Mark Trafton, D. D., was pastor. In 1849-50, Rev. Isaac A. Savage; in 1851-52, Rev. J. D. Bridge ; 1853-54, Rev. Fales II. Newball, D.D.

During the pastorate of Mr. Newhall the church edifice was enlarged and improved. In 1855, Rev. J. Ilascall, D.D., was appointed, and remained through 1856. In 1857 and 1858, Rev. Mark Trafton, D.D., was pastor. In 1859-60, Rev. N. Stutson ; 1861, Rev. J. S. Barrows ; 1862-63, Rev. A. Mckeon, D.D .; 1864-66, Rev. W. R. Clarke, D.D .; 1867-69, Rev. Chas. D. Hills.

In 1869 the Pynchon Street Church erected a new church edifice on Bridge Street. The new church is of the Roman-

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HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.

esque style of architecture, 122 feet long and 74 feet wide, with a tower and spire 185 feet high. It is admirably lighted and ventilated, has a vestry-room 68 by 70, a juvenile Sunday- school room, and various other conveniences for social and business meetings. The new edifice cost, including the land, $73,000. The name of the church was changed, on its removal to the new building, from Pynchon Street to Trinity Church. The pastors in the new church have been the follow- ing : 1869, Rev. C. D. ITills ; 1870-75, Rev. J. O. Peck, D.D. ; 1873-75, Rev. Merritt Hulburd; 1876-78, Rev. S. F. Upham, D.D.

The membership now numbers 481 ; probationers, 44. There are two Sunday-schools connected with the church, with 50 officers and teachers, 425 scholars, and 600 volumes in its library. The trustees are L. E. Ladd, Dr. Horace Jacobs, G. B. Treadwell, Wm. H. Smith, Milton Bradley, L. C. Smith, George L. Wright, and Warner F. Sturtevant. The society owns a parsonage on Elliot Street, valued at $12,000.

GRACE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The Grace Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1867, with 29 members, who had previously been connected with the Pynchon Street (now Trinity) Church. The first services of the new organization were held in Union Hall, where the society worshiped for two years. They then re- moved to Institute Hall, where they remained for six months. They then removed to the old Universalist Church, on Main Street, where they remained until the completion of the vestry of the new and beautiful church edifice erected by the society at the corner of Main and Winthrop Streets. The new church is 68 by 110 feet, with a tower 182 feet high. It is of the Romanesque style of architecture, and was erected at an ex- pense of about $70,000. The vestry was opened for public worship in October, 1874, and the church was completed the following winter, and was dedicated Jan. 19, 1875, Bishop Bowman preaching the dedication sermon.

Before the erection of the new building, the church was known as the Central Methodist Episcopal Church. The pastors have been as follows: 1867-68, Rev. Chas. A. Merrill ; 1869, Rev. Miner Raymond, D.D. ; 1870-71, Rev. Charles T. Johnson ; 1872, J. R. Liddy ; 1878-75, Rev. J. A. Cass ; 1876- 77, Rev. E. A. Smith ; 1878, Rev. J. O. Knowles.

The present number of members is 219, and probationers 29. The Sabbath-school connected with the church has 28 officers and teachers, 302 scholars, and 500 volumes in the library. The trustees are A. J. Pease, Elijah Nichols, C. W. llorsington, W. B. Crook, O. K. Merrill, Alonzo Converse, Wm. II. Smith, G. P. Stebbins.

The presiding elders of the Springfield district of the New England Conference from 1834 to 1879 were Revs. J. A. Mer- ritt, D. Dorchester, R. Ransom, A. D. Sargeant, Amos Bin- ney, P. Crandall, Charles Baker, Thomas Marcy, William Gordon, R. W. Allen, David Sherman, D.D., L. R. Thayer, D.D., G. Whitaker, and D. H. Ela, D.D.

UNION AMERICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (COLORED).

This church was organized in 1865, and during the same year the "Soldiers' Rest" building was purchased, and moved to Loring Street and fitted up for worship. The first pastor was Rev. George Bailey. Other pastors have been as follows : Wm. H. Thompson, Wm. Walker, and J. H. Cook, present pastor.

The present membership is about 24. The trustees for 1878 were as follows: I. J. Wilmore, Wm. H. Thompson, Chas. Rhodes, Chas. L. Lawson, Geo. Washington, Edward J. Williams, and Samuel Debtor.

ST. MICHAEL'S CATHEDRAL (CATHOLIC).

Mass was first said in this city in about the year 1856. Ser- vices were first held in Military HIall, and in 1847 the Baptist Church building, corner Maple and Mulberry Streets, was

purchased, and moved to East Main, where it was refitted and dedicated in April of the same year.

The church was called St. Benedict's, and G. T. Riorden was first pastor. He was followed by J. J. Doherty, M. Blenkinsop, and M. P. Gallagher. The rapid increase of the society soon necessitated the erection of a much larger church edifice, and a lot was purchased on the corner of State and Elliott Streets, and a new building commenced, which was dedicated Sept. 29, 1866, as St. Michael's Cathedral. This church building is beautifully located on State Street, and is one of the finest and largest cathedrals of the Roman Catholic Church in New England. Father Gallagher died in 1869, and from this time until the arrival of the bishop, in 1870, the parish was under the charge of Very Rev. Patrick Healey, Vicar-General.

The cathedral is under charge of Right Rev. P. T. O'Reilly, D.D., bishop of Springfield, who, as mentioned above, as- sumed control in 1870. Bishop O'Reilly is assisted by Revs. C. E. Burke and J. MeCarty. The congregation numbers nearly 6000.

THE CHAPEL OF THE SACRED HEART (CATHOLIC).

This church was founded in 1874, and is an offshoot from St. Michael's Cathedral. It is located on Everett Street, and is under the charge of Rev. J. J. MeDermott, assisted by Rev. James F. Fitzgerald. It has a congregation of about 4500 and a Sunday-school of 700.

ST. JOSEPH'S CHURCH (FRENCH CATHOLIC)

is located on lloward Street, near Water. There is a large French population in the city, of whom 700 are communi- cants here. The present pastor is Rev. L. G. Gagnier.

THE SECOND ADVENT SOCIETY

was organized in about the year 1860, and its first pastor was J. G. Adams. The society at present worships in Central Hall.

THE NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH, OR SWEDENBORGIAN,

was founded in 1853. The pastor and the services of this church are supported by voluntary offerings. The present pastor is Rev. Stephen Jepson.

THE FREE RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF SPIRITUALIST'S holds meetings in Sovereigns' Hall. Membership, 100.

FAITH CHAPEL

is located at the south end corner of I'leasant Avenue, and was formerly connected with the South Congregational Church, but for the past four years has been self-supporting. S. Warner, superintendent of Sabbath-school.

BURIAL-PLACES. THE SPRINGFIELD CEMETERY.

Not only did the stout-hearted pioneers of 1636 early manifest an interest in educational and religious matters, but a desirable location for the burial of their dead was imme- diately sought, and what was known as the old burying- ground, on the river-bank, was doubtless opened in the first years of the settlement.

The first death recorded in the early records of Springfield is as follows : "John HIoble [or Noble] dyed 2 mo. 24 day, and buryed ye 25th, 1641." This was five years after the set- tlement of the town ; and it seems improbable that, in a colony at that time numbering 27 families, no death should have oc- curred during that period.

It is not a little singular that none of the twelve persons'to whom allotments of land were made in 1636 died or were buried here, and none, it is believed, except Mr. Pynchon, left descendants who died here.

The oldest monument found in the old grounds, and re- moved to the new cemetery, was to the memory of Mrs. Mary

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HISTORY OF HAMPDEN COUNTY.

Holyoke, a daughter of William Pynchon, a fac-simile of which, with its inscription, may be found on page 32.

In 1834 the subject of providing a new cemetery was first presented to the people of the then thriving village of Spring- field by Rev. William B. O. Peabody. It required no pro- phetie vision to see that the day was not far distant when the resting-places of the " forefathers of the hamlet" would be encroached upon by the march of progress, as the village at that time was extending its limits and rapidly increasing in population. The movement thus inaugurated by the vener- able divine assumed no tangible form until Oct. 4, 1840, when an informal meeting of a few citizens was held to consider the feasibility of purchasing grounds and organizing a cemetery association. At this meeting committees were appointed to select and report a location, and to prepare articles of associa- tion.

At a meeting held March 28, 1841, it was voted to purchase of Alexander Bliss that portion of the present premises known as " Martha's Dingle," being about 20 acres in extent. Suit- able access to the same was provided for, and measures taken to perfect a legal organization.

At a meeting, over which Hon. George Ashmun presided, a committee, consisting of John Howard, Justice Willard, Elijah Blake, Chester W. Chapin, and Asa Flagg, presented substantially the present system of organization, and it was adopted. A board of seven trustees was provided for and chosen, and the Rev. W. B. O. Peabody elected president,-an office which he continued to fill till his death, in 1847. Elijah Blake was elected treasurer, and the following gentlemen com- posed the first board of trustees, to wit: Chester Ilarding, Philip Wilcox, George Dwight, Joseph Weatherhead, George Eaton, Samuel Raynolds, and Walter HI. Bowdoin. Subscrip- tions were opened for shares at $10 each, which, on the Ist day of June, 1841, amounted to $3070.

Sept. 5, 1841, the cemetery was appropriately conscerated, the dedicatory address being delivered by Rev. Mr. Peabody. The work of laying out, grading, planting, ornamenting, and fencing was commenced at once, and has been continued to the present time. The grounds have been enlarged by several subsequent purchases, and by the annexation of the old bury- ing-ground belonging to the Union Street Methodist Episcopal Society, at a nominal price, in 1858, after negotiations extend- ing through thirteen years, and they now contain about 39 acres of land, at a total original cost of about $10,300, and in- elude the premises on Mulberry Street, occupied by the superin- tendent. The Methodist burying-ground, adjoining the ceme- tery, contained about three and one-fourth aeres. It was dedicated and first used for burial purposes in 1825. The first person buried therein was an infant child of Samuel McNary, who died on the 12th of December, 1825.

A receiving vault was constructed in 1841, and was enlarged in 1856. In 1873 the present vault was built, at a cost, aside from the necessary grading, of $11,505.58. It was constructed in the best manner and upon the most approved model,-that of Forest Hills Cemetery, Boston.

In 1848 the title to the old burying-ground was conveyed to the proprietors of the new cemetery, and 2404 bodies were re- moved to the new grounds. Five hundred and seventeen old monuments and tablets were also removed. All remains hav- ing no monuments and not recognized were deposited together, and a common monument erected designating the fact. The whole inelosure was surrounded by a hedge, and a monument commemorative of these removals and reinterments was erected near the entrance on Pine Street.

The whole number of lots sold from 1841 to 1878 is 2037; to which adding the number of lots in the Methodist ground at the time of its annexation makes the total number, May 1, 1878, 2300. The total number of burials to Jan. 1, 1878, was 9902.

While, perhaps, it cannot be said that any of those buried

in the Springfield Cemetery have " controlled the destinies of the nation," yet there are many who have exercised not a little influence, especially in this locality, in the various walks of life, and left the impress of their character upon the times in which they lived.

A beautiful and appropriate monument to the memory of the soldiers and sailors of the late Rebellion who were buried in the cemetery was completed and placed in a conspicuous position near the Maple Street entrance, and dedicated on " Decoration Day," 1877. The expense of it, $4200, was paid from the balance of what is known as the "Soldiers' Rest Fund," which had its origin in a fair held in this city in 1864, on December 19th to 24th inclusive, to establish a " soldiers" rest" near the railroad station, where soldiers going to or com- ing from " the front," and needing rest or medical assistance, could receive it. After the close of the war the ineome of the fund so far as needed was used in various ways in alleviating the wants of soldiers and their families, and finally the balance in the hands of the treasurer, Henry S. Lee, Esq., was ex- pended as above. The four bronze cannon and the shot placed on the lot near the monument were presented by the United States government, at the solicitation of Hon. C. C. Chaffee and Hon. H. L. Dawes.

The history of the cemetery would be incomplete without mention of those who labored for its organization and develop- ment, and aided to make it an institution worthy of the support and an object of pride to the citizens of Springfield,-notably of Rev. Wm. B. O. Peabody, the founder and steadfast friend of the institution ; Hon. George Bliss, to whom the association is indebted for much of the labor in perfecting and conduct- ing the enterprise ; and of George Eaton, who, in its early days, devoted himself with untiring assiduity to the laying out, planting, and ornamenting of the grounds ; and of Apol- los Marsh, who so faithfully discharged the difficult dnties of superintendent for a period of more than 28 years, to the en- tire satisfaction of all who had to do with the affairs of the association.

The following is a list of the officers of the association from its organization to 1878 : Presidents : William B. O. Peabody, 1841-47 (died in office) ; George Bliss, 1847-73 (died in office) ; Albert D. Briggs, 1873. Treasurers : Elijah Blake, 1841-42; Lewis Warriner, 1842-50; Lewis Gorham, 1850-68 (died in office) ; Frederick H. Harris, 1868. Clerks : Lewis Warriner, 1841-50; Lewis Gorham 1850-68 (died in office) ; Frederick H. Harris, 1868. Superintendents : Apollos Marsb, 1841-69 (died in office) ; Joseph Marsh, 1869-70 (died in office) ; James C. Shamp, 1870.

While the natural beauty of the cenietery is unsurpassed, it seems that Art has vied with Nature in rendering it one of the most enchanting burial-places in the States. What Mount Hope is to Rochester, Greenwood to New York, or Laurel Hill to Philadelphia is the Springfield Cemetery to this beau- tiful and famous city. (The above history was compiled from the excellent " Historical Memoirs of the Springfield Ceme- tery," written by the president of the Association, Mr. Albert D. Briggs.)

THE PRESS.

The first paper published in Western Massachusetts was the Massachusetts Gazette or The Springfield and Northampton General Advertiser, established in Springfield in May, 1782. It was issued by Babeock & Haswell, and had for its motto, " 'Tis not in mortals to command success, but we'll do more, -deserve it." In August, 1782, the name of the paper was changed to Massachusetts Gazette and General Advertiser. In 1784, Mr. Haswell had retired, and some time during the same year Mr. Babcock disposed of the concern to Brooks & Russell, and on the 1st of January of the following year the name of the Massachusetts Gazette was changed to the Hamp- shire Herald and Weekly Advertiser. In June the paper ap- peared with the name of John Russell only, and in August,

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HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.

1786, it bore the imprint of Stebbins & Russell. It was dis- continued in 1787.

The Hampshire Chronicle was established in March, 1787, by ,John Russell, of the firm of Stebbins & Russell, the pub- lishers of the Advertiser, mentioned above. It passed into the hands of Welds & Thomas in 1788, their printing-office occupying the present site of the Chicopee National Bank, corner of Main and Elm Streets. In 1790, Mr. Welds issued the sheet alone, and in 1792 it appeared as the Hampshire and Berkshire Chronicle. In 1793 it was issued by Edward Grey, and soon after discontinued.

The Federal Spy was established by J. R. Hutchins, in January, 1793, and, like its predecessors, its change of pro- prietorship was frequent. It was successively published by John Worthington Hooker & Francis Stebbins, Francis Stebbins alone, Timothy Ashley, IFenry Brewer, and Thos. Diekman. Mr. Diekman changed its name to the Hampshire Federalist, and continued its publication until 1819, when he sold it to Frederick A. Packard. About this time A. G. Tannatt became a partner, and the paper was issued by A. G. Tannatt & Co., and changed to the Hampden Federalist. It was afterward published by Mr. Packard alone, then by Wood & Tyman, who changed its name to Hampden Journal. It was resold to Mr. Packard, and subsequently passed into the hands of Paekard & Tannatt. In 1829, Mr. Tannatt be- came sole editor and proprietor, and remained as such until 1835, when it again came into the possession of Mr. Packard, and was, in the same year, sold to Samuel Bowles, and merged with the Republican.

The Hampden Patriot was started in 1818, by Ira Daniels. In about two years it passed into the hands of a company of gentlemen, with Justice Willard as editor. In 1822 it was issued by Mr. Tannatt, and about two years later was dis- continued.

HISTORY OF THE SPRINGFIELD REPUBLICAN, AND SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF SAMUEL BOWLES.

Intimately associated with the history of the Connecticut Valley during the last half-century is the growth of The Springfield Republican. The rapidly-increasing population and great industrial development of this period have afforded in liberal measure that sustenance and life-blood without which no newspaper can flourish, and in return The Republican has mirrored with a completeness and faithfulness rarely equaled the richly-varied and busy life of all this region. Wrapped up in the paper is the story of two men's lives,-that of Sam- uel Bowles, its founder, but far more conspicuously still that of Samuel Bowles, his son, whose whole life-energy was lavishly given to the upbuilding of a character and reputation for The Republican. Brietly stated, the chronology of the paper is as follows : The Weekly Republican was established by Sam- uel Bowles, the second of that name, Sept. 8, 1824. He was born at Hartford, June 8, 1797, and died in Springfield, Sept. 8, 1851. The Daily Republican, substantially the creation of Samuel Bowles third, was started April 1, 1844, Mr. Bowles having been born Feb. 9, 1826, and dying Jan. 16, 1878. The publication of The Sunduy Republican, the latest concession made by the paper to the growth of modern journalism, was begun Sept. 15, 1878, by Samuel Bowles, the fourth to perpetu- ate the name of Samuel in the family, and who is the present publisher and general manager of The Republican.

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History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. II, Part 99

Author: L.H. Everts & Co Publication date: 1879 Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts Number of Pages: 896

Author: L.H. Everts & Co
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts
Number of Pages: 896