History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. II, Part 32

Author: L.H. Everts & Co
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts
Number of Pages: 896

USA > Massachusetts > Franklin County > History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. II > Part 32

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660

HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.

In March, 1776, a company of 63 men, recruited at North- field, Warwick, Bernardston, and vicinity, chose Thomas Alexander as captain, and marched, under orders, to join the expedition against Canada. The company procceded to Ticon- deroga, and subsequently to Morristown, N. J., where, in December, 1776, they joined Washington's army. Of the 63 originally included in the command, but 18 were left when Morristown was reached.

Among the Northfield men who enlisted for the campaign of 1776 were also Capt. Samuel Merriman, Moses Belding, Cephas Alexander, Eldad Alexander, John Farrar, Solomon Holton, Augustus Belding, Thomas Stebbins, Moses Smith, James Hunt, Cyrus Stebbins, Thomas Elgar, Dennis Stebbins, Alpheus Morgan, Second Lieut. Miles Alexander, Nathan Holton, Samuel Frizzel, Elihu Root, Reuben Field, Nathan Field, Nathaniel Billings, Stephen Billings, Asa Stratton, Jonathan Janes, Edward L. Tiffany, Elijah Stratton, Noah Morgan, Jona. Loveland, Levi Field, Ithamar Goodenough, Nathan Prindle, Titus Dickinson, David Smith, Joseph Rose, Moses Smith, Samuel Slarrow, - Baldwin, Samuel Tem- ple, Ishmael Turner, John Stearns, - Sikes, William King, Ezra King, Simeon King.

Among those who enlisted in 1777 were Thomas Elgar, Jas. Lyman, Samuel Field, Thaddeus Brooks, Benjamin Dike, Nathaniel Billings, Benoni Dickinson, Moses Burt, Archibald Clandanel, Ebenezer Field, Asabel Stebbins, John Mun, J. Church, and Joseph Smeud.

Col. Phinchas Wright, of Northfield, was in command of a regiment in 1777, and Moses Dickinson Field, who was a lieutenant at the battle of Bennington, afterward maintained that it was a shot from his gun which laid low Col. Baum, the German commander. Capt. Samuel Merriman, of North- field, commanded a company of men in Col. Phinehas Wright's regiment, which went out in response to Gen. Gates' call in September, 1777.

The Northfield men in Capt. Merriman's command were : Captain, Samuel Merriman; Lieutenant, Eldad Wright ; Sergeants, Seth Lyman, Oliver Watriss, and George Field ; Corporals, Nathaniel Billings, Jas. Lyman, John Bolton, and Eldad Alexander; and privates, Elias Bascom, Alphous Brooks, Ebenezer Petty, Thaddeus Brooks, Simeon Alex- ander, Jonathan Janes, Elijah Taylor, John Evans, Nathan Fisk, Elisha Holton, Asa Stratton, Henry Allen, Noah Mor- gan, Elijah Stratton, and Eliphaz Wright.

Capt. Merriman's company took part in the battles of Sara- toga, and was present at the surrender of Burgoyne, Oct. 17, 1777. After Burgoyne's surrender several of his men settled in Northfield, among them John Woodard, Robert Timson, Dennis McCarty, and William Dorrel. The latter became subsequently a settler at Leyden, Mass., and the founder of a religious sect called the " Dorrelites."

John Wotton, an Englishman, who settled in Northfield about the close of the war, embarked from England with Bur- goyne's army, but, the ship in which he sailed being captured by an American cruiser, he enlisted, upon his arrival, in the American army, and was present at Burgoyne's surrender.

In May, 1778, the town raised £120 lawful money to pay for four men to serve eight months. £100 apiece were paid to George Robbins, Solomon Alexander, Matthew Ransom, John Dennis, and Ebenezer Petty as a bounty for enlisting.

In June the bounty was raised to £120 per man for the term of the war, and in July and October nine men were raised for six months' service at £30 per man as a bounty. Among those who entered the service this year (1778) were Eldad Wright, Jona. Belding, Darius Stebbins, Oliver Garey, Elihu Lyman, Moses Root, Joseph Smead, Joshua Lyman, Eliph- alet Stratton, Sylvanus Watriss, Daniel Ransom, J. Church, Phinchas Field, Obadiah Janes, Levi Merriman, Alpheus Brooks, Samuel Merriman, Eliphaz Alexander, Thus. Alex- ander, Francis Burk, Levi Field, Asa Field, Elijah Field,

Jonas Holton, Ebenezer Petty, John Dickinson, Francis Akeley.

In 1780 the £120 granted by the General Court were paid Jona. Belding's son for enlisting as a nine months' man, and €360, also granted by the General Court, were paid to three other nine months' men.

Other men who entered the service this year (1780) were Moses Robbins, Alpheus Brooks, Thaddeus Brooks, Daniel Warren, John Watriss, John Moffatt, Joseph Myrick, Seth Mun, Gideon Putnam, Alphous Morgan, William Norce, Archibald Clandanel, James Lyman, Jona. Belding, Eldad Wright, Tertius Lyman, Joshua Lyman, Eliphalet Stratton, Phinehas Fick, Seth Field, Eliphas Alexander, Barzillai Woods, Benjamin Doolittle, James Scott, Moses Dickinson.

For ten men required in January, 1781, 1000 Spanish dol- lars were borrowed to pay the bounties, and after that, in the same year (July), Tertius Lyman, Donaldus Wright, Moses Robbins, Nathaniel Coller, Reuben Whitcomb, William Larkin, Abraham Parker, Jona. Parker, Richard Kingsbury, Alexander Best, and William Brown, enlisted, and received- the eight first named-a bounty of £12 each.

When the war of 1812 broke out Northfield was the head- quarters of the 15th Division Massachusetts Militia, com- manded by Maj .- Gen. John Nevers, of Northfield. Shortly after the beginning of hostilities, Capt. Elisha Field opened a recruiting-office in Northfield and organized a company known as the " Sea Fencibles," afterward stationed at Fort Independence, in Boston Harbor.

In September, 1814, Capt. Elijah Mattoon, Jr., set out from Northfield for Boston in command of an artillery company, composed of the following men : Captain, Elijah Mattoon, Jr. ; Lieutenants, Charles Bowen and Isaac Gregory ; Ser- geants, Calvin Stearns, King Harris, Samuel Alexander, Jas. Horsely, John Whiting; Corporals, Sharon Fieldl, Elmer Wait, Nathan Simonds, Ansel Graves; and rank and file as follows : Micajah Heminway, Elias Holton, John Bolton, Jr., Henry Wright, Erastus Field, Chapin Holden, Wm. Norton, Elijah Shepardson, Arunah Shepardson, John Packard. Aaron Dike, Jr., Edward Nettleton, Reuben Lee, Adam Torrey, Miner Butler, Cyrus Butler, Ellsworth Hunt, Alanson Hunt, Apollos Morgan, Abner E. Whiting, Lucius Ilolton, Win. Hancock, Thomas Lyman, Jabez F. Bissell, Calvin Stratton, Clark Fowler, Obadiah Morgan, Richard Colton, Wm. Hall, John Fowler, Thomas Rockwood.

Others who served in the war from Northfield were Otis French, Adolphus Lyman, Ezekiel Woods, Thomas Kendall, Charles Reed, Moses Ellis, Jas. Mattoon, Artemas Moody, Apollos Beach, Oliver Kendrick, George Nettleton, Jos. Perry, Iona. Robbins, Ebenezer Childs, Solomon Miller, Ebenezer Dodge, Eber Church, Isaac Reed, Aaron Davis, Jos. Bridge, .los. Couk, Simeon Mallory, Isaac Kendall, Zadock Turner, Isane Johnson, John Fairman, Samuel Presson, Jacob Miller.

Northfield took no public action in opposition to the war of 1812, but Rufus Stratton went as an irregular delegate to the anti-war convention held at Northampton, on the 11th of July, in that year.

ORGANIZATION.

The incorporation of Northfield as a town dates from June 15, 1723, and the first town-meeting for the election of officers was held July 22d, in that year. Previous to this date, beginning with the third settlement, in 1714, the town officers had been either appointed by the committee placed in charge of town affairs by the General Court, or their selection sub- mitted to the committee for approval.

Under the act of incorporation, however, the town was per- mitted to regulate its own affairs.

Mention has already been made of the elimination from the town of a large tract in the north in 1740, and Feb. 28, 1795, a portion known as Grass Hill, and lying in the great bend of the Connecticut, on its western bank, was set off to the

662

HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.

Osgood, Zebulon Allen, Simeon A. Field, Earl Wilde, M. S. Mead, Jonathan Lyman, S. S. Holton, Elijah Stratton.

VILLAGES.

The villages in Northfield are three, and they are called Northfield Village, West Northfield, and Northfield Farms.

NORTHFIELD VILLAGE,

or Northfield Street, as it is sometimes designated (a station on the New London Northern Railroad), is the most impor- tant of the three, and is, moreover, the point where the early settlements of the town concentrated. The inhabitants reside chiefly upon one broad, handsome thoroughfare, known as the "Street," which extends nearly north and south, and which for the space of about a mile is shaded upon either side by noble elms and prettily embellished by numerous tasteful dwellings. The village is a place of popular resort in the summer, when, decked with leafy richness and blooming with bounteous nat- ural beauty, it is indeed an inviting spot.

The Connecticut River flows along the village front, and majestic hills, rearing their heads in the near background and in the distance as far as the eye can reach, complete a picture such as Nature presents when she is seen at her best.

The population of the village is about 500, and there are also within its limits two churches, three stores, a town-hall, one hotel, a Masonic hall, a school, an agricultural-imple- ment manufactory, a post-office, and a public library.

Here also is one of the oldest Masonic lodges in Massachu- setts, the Harmony Lodge, organized in 1796, with a present membership of 75. This is said to be about the only lodge that withstood the anti-Masonic wave which rolled over Western Massachusetts in 1826-30.

A grange flourished here some years ago, but has latterly shown symptoms of a serious decline.

The village was visited by a disastrous fire on the night of Dec. 18, 1878, when L. T. Webster's store and the post-office were completely destroyed, and a loss entailed to the amount of $9000.

WEST NORTHFIELD

is a small settlement in the north, adjoining the Vermont State line, and west of the Connecticut River, which, at this point, divides the town. The Connecticut River Railroad and New London Northern Railroad connect at this point. There are in the village a store, school, and post-office, and a population devoted almost exclusively to agricultural pursuits.

NORTHFIELD FARMS,

in the southwest, a station on the New London Northern Railroad, is, as its name implies, peopled with agriculturists, and has but one store, in which the post-office is located.

CHURCHES.

Tradition states that the earliest settlers in 1673 had a meeting-house, but where located or when erected cannot be said. Tradition further says that in the summer of 1673 Elder William Janes used to preach to the people on Sabbath under the Meeting Oak, which was one of a cluster of six yel- low oaks that stood in the lower end of what is now Northfield village. This Meeting Oak outlasted its fellows, and met death by accidental fire in 1869.

During the second settlement, in February, 1688, it was resolved to build a meeting-house, for which, and a proposed bridge over Mill Brook, £40 5s. were to be raised, but whether the meeting-house was built, no record gives assur- ance. Late in 1688, Rev. Warham Mather was sent from Northampton to Northfield " to be their minister for half a year," and that he served is made manifest by a petition which he sent to the General Court in 1691, saying that the people of Northfield, supposing that Sir Edmund Andros (who had instructed Capt. Nicholson to send the petitioner to Northfield) would see him paid, had provided him only with

provisions; and the £15 in money, which Capt. Nicholson had pledged him for his services, he begged the General Court to allow him. The court admitted the justness of the claim, but deferred its payment until 1700.

After the permanent settlement of Northfield, it was re- solved, in October, 1716, to buikl a house 16 feet long and 12 feet wide, for " the present accommodation of a minister," and an engagement was then made with James Whitmore, of Middletown, Conn., to preach half a year, for which he was to have $25 and subsistence for himself and horse.

Previous to the year 1718, Sabbath services had been held in such houses as boasted the largest kitchens; but early in that year the town agreed to build a meeting-house "of the dimensions of the Sunderland meeting-house, viz., 45 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 18 feet between joints." This house was erected in the middle of the street, near the site of the present Unitarian Church in Northfield village, and, like the churches of those days, was furnished with slab forms instead of pews. Pews were not introduced into the church until 1753, and then only as individuals desired to build them for their own use.

Mr. Whitmore's successor was Mr. Benjamin Doolittle, of Wallingford, Conn., who was engaged, November, 1717, to preach during the winter, and who, at the conclusion of that engagement, was permanently settled as minister about Sep- tember, 1718, when, it is supposed, a church was also organ- ized. Mr. Doolittle was to have for a settlement £100 in money, a dwelling-house, house-lot and pasture-lot, and a salary of £65 annually for the first six years, and £75 annu- ally thereafter, besides an annual supply of firewood.

For many years after Mr. Doolittle's' settlement people were called to public worship by the beat of a drum, or by the hanging out of a flag at the meeting-house.

Mr. Doolittle was a physician as well as a minister, and as a physician enjoyed a lucrative practice. Fault began to be found with him in 1736 by some of his congregation, on the ground that the pursuit of his profession as a physician inter- fered with his ministerial duties, and directly other exceptions began to be taken to him as to his religious views, and in the controversy that ensued the town was divided, a majority, however, taking sides with Mr. Doolittle. The main points in the controversy were touching the charges against him that he told the town "he would not lay by doctoring and chirurgery under £400 a year ; that he refused to comply with the association's and the court's advice for a mutual council ; his practice of doctoring and chirurgery, and acting as pro- prietor's clerk for Winchester, contrary to the town's mind."

Mr. Doolittle steadily refused to unite in calling an ecclesi- astical council to adjust the difficulty, and in his stand he was strongly supported by many inhabitants. The other side made many efforts to bring Mr. Doolittle into compliance with their wishes, but to no avail, and victory finally rested with the pastor, who, putting to vote after a Sunday service in February, 1741, the question as to whether he should be sus- tained, declared the vote in the affirmative, and that was an end of the controversy. Mr. Doolittle died suddenly, Jan. 9, 1749, in the fifty-fourth year of his age, and thirtieth of his ministry.

" A Short Narrative of the Mischief Done by the French- and-Indian Enemy on the Western Frontiers of Massachu- setts Bay from 1743 to 1748," published in 1750, was written by Mr. Doolittle. But three copies of the pamphlet are known to be in existence, and of these one is in the library of Har- vard College.

In the March following Mr. Doolittle's death, Mr. Isaac Lyman, of Northampton, was given a call to settle; but he declined, and Mr. John Hubbard, of Hatfield, was offered a call, with a settlement of £133 Gs. 8d. and a salary of £66 13s., with yearly firewood. Mr. Hubbard accepted the call, and was ordained May, 1750.

663

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY.

In August, 1761, it was resolved to build a new meeting- house, and, some difference of opinion arising touching its place of location, a disinterested committee was called in, and a site selected north of the old house. There was some dis>at- isfaction with this location, and at a town-meeting called in May, 1763, it was voted to set the house on the west side of the street ( near where the present Unitarian Church stands). Two barrels of New England rum and four gallons of West India rum were used at the raising, and the church was provided with a steeple as well as a bell. The house was, however, not finished until 1767, and not painted until 1789.

Previous to 1770 it was the custom in church for the deacon to "line the psalm" for the singers, but in January of that year the town voted " that hereafter the singers shall sing altogether, without the deacon's reading the psalm, line by line, except at the Lord's table." The training of singers for the church service began then to be a town concern, and, late in 1770, Seth Hastings was hired as a singing-master.

The ministry of Mr. Hubbard was unmarked by any im- portant incident, save the controversy which arose between him and his people upon the breaking out of the Revolu- tionary war. Previous to that time, according to the general custom, Mr. Hubbard included in his prayers a petition for the divine blessing upon the king of Great Britain ; and this he continued to invoke after the battle of Lexington, to the great indignation of many members of his congregation. He was publicly reproved at a Sabbath service by Deacon Samuel Smith, and forbidden to recite the obnoxious prayer. The pastor resented this dictation, and, declining to submit to it, raised a storm about his ears that resulted in the calling of a church council in 1779 to pass upon the merits of the controversy ; but while the council was deliberating, the trouble was adjusted by Mr. Hubbard and his people, upon the basis of his pledge to pray thereafter for the prosperity of the American arms.

After a ministry of upward of forty-four years, Mr. Hub- bard died November, 1794. Ilis successor was Rev. Samuel C. Allen, who was ordained November, 1795, and dismissed in January, 1798, after which he studied law and became quite successful at the Bar.

The next settled minister was Rev. Thos. Mason, who was ordained November, 1799, and continued to be the pastor until February, 1830. In 1801 the church received the gift of an organ from Samuel Smith. From the date of Mr. Mason's settlement the church became Unitarian in doctrine, and has thus remained to the present day. Shortly before Mr. Mason's dismissal 56 members of his church withdrew and formed a second Unitarian Church, for which Rev. Samuel Preshury preached from February, 1828, to September, 1829. Upon the retirement of Mr. Mason, the members of the sec- ond church, relinquishing their organization, returned to the first church in 1830, and in that year Rev. Geo. W. Ilosmer was installed, and preached until July, 1836.

Meanwhile, in 1833, the old meeting-house was replaced, near the same site, by a new one, which was built by Wm. Pomeroy, and given to the town in exchange for the old house, on condition that the money received for the sale of pews (about $5000) should constitute a permanent fund, whose income should be devoted to parish expenses. This latter house was destroyed by fire in 1871, and was succeeded by the present imposing edifice, built in 1872, at a cost of $7000. In the latter year, Mr. Williams Allen, of New York, presented the church with a bell, and the town sup- plied the church-tower with a fine clock. In 1836, Wm. Pome- roy decded certain lands, mortgages, ete., to the church as a permanent fund, which amounts now to upward of $5000.

Mr. llosmer's successors as pastors have been Revs. O. C. Everett, Wm. C. Tenney, John Murray, Chas. Noyes, Jabez T. Sunderland, and S. B. Putnam, the latter the pastor in January, 1879.

THE SECOND CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH

was organized November, 1825, with 30 members, and after worshiping in Union Hall, Northfield village, until 1829, built the present church edifice, which was remodeled in 1849. The first pastor was Rev. Eli Moody, and succeeding him were Revs. Bancroft Fowler, Horatio J. Lombard, Nathaniel Rich- ardson, Luther Farnum, Willard Jones, Isaac Perry, and Theodore J. Clark, pastor in January, 1879.

A METHODIST CHURCH

was organized in 1810, and enjoyed regular preaching supply until 1844, when it withdrew from the Conference.

A branch of the Baptist Church of Leverett and Montague was organized at Northfield Farms in 1829, and dissolved in 1846.

It may be appropriate, in connection with this church chap- ter, to note that Moody, the famous revivalist, was born in Northfield.

SCHOOLS.

The earliest recorded notice of public attention being given to educational matters dates back to 1721, when the wife of Ebenezer Field, the blacksmith, taught a select school at her own house, and charged fourpence each week per scholar.

In 1731 there was some talk by the town of building a school-house, but nothing came of it, and it would appear from the records that the town, being presented by the county in 1736 for failing to have a school, straightway voted to have a schoolmaster, and to build, buy, or hire a school-house. A school-house was built and set in the street "against Samuel Ilunt's home-lot," and Seth Field employed as a teacher. In 1748 a new school-house was erected near the meeting-house, and another one in 1764, Until 1781 the town had but one school-house and one school district.

Between the years 1736 and 1785, the teachers were Seth Field (who taught most of the time between 1736 and 1775), Phinchas Wright, Lydia Warner, Daniel Babbit, and Abi- shai Colton. The first school known to the inhabitants on the west side of the river was taught in 1775.

THE NORTHFIELD ACADEMY OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE

was incorporated June, 1829, and opened in October in the building known as Hunt's Hotel, at Northfield village, which had been purchased and well furnished for school purposes. The academy passed, in 1835, into the hands of Phineas Allen, but was discontinued in 1813. Latterly, a select school has been taught in a part of the academy building, while the other portion has been devoted to the manufacture of agricultural implements.

There were, in 1878, thirteen district schools in the town, for support of which in 1877 the expenditures were $2641.27. College graduates, natives of Northfield, as follows: Seth Field, Thomas Bridgman, Ebenezer Mattoon, Caleb Alex- ander, Benjamin Burt, Frederick Ilunt, Ebenezer Janes, Elihu Lyman, Isaac B. Barber, Joseph S. Lyman, John Barrett, Jr., Charles Barrett, Joseph Allen, Fred. H. Allen, Isaiah Moody, Samuel Prentice, Caleb C. Field, Thomas P. Field, Dwight II. Olmstead, Justin Field, Frederick Janes, JJames K. Hos- mer, Edgar F. Belding, Lucius Field, E. Il. Allen.

PUBLIC LIBRARY.

Northfield has a free public library of 1600 volumes, which was founded by private enterprise as a social library in 1813, and as such continued until December, 1878, when it was do- nated to the town. The original projector of the enterprise was Thomas Power, of Boston, who settled in Northfield in 1812.

BURIAL-PLACES.

There are public grave-yards at Northfield Centre, West Northfield, and Northfield Farms, of which the oldest is at Northfield Centre. This burying-ground is the one origin-

664

HISTORY OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY.

ally laid out by the first settlers of the town, and is still used. Care has been taken to preserve the surroundings of the ground. A neat fence incloses it, and the presence of numer- ous handsome monuments among the weather-stained and time-worn headstones erected a century and more ago, presents a striking picture of the mingling of modern and beautiful art with the musty and crumbling relies of the past. Some of the old headstones are so worn away that many inscriptions are illegible, but numbers of the oldest can yet be traced, and of these the following are transcribed :

Mrs. Meriam Wright, 1726; Hannah Stratton, 1729; Richard Bement, 1732; Stephen Belden, 1736; Sarah Stratton, 1736; Sarah Lyman, 1738; Zechariah Field, 1746; Mercy Field, 1746; Peter Evans, 1752; Anne Field, 1755; Medad Field, 1756; Eliezer Wright, 1753; Seth Wright, 1746; Eunice Wright, 1746; John Taylor, 1757; Jemima Janes, 1748; Tamar Stratton, 1759; Tamar Stratton, 1762 (two daughters of Ebenezer Stratton) ; Martha Stratton, 1762; Ebenezer Janes, Jr., 1766; Sarah Janes, 1766; Samuel Holton, 1767; Orea Harvey, 1765; Hepzibah Belding, 1701; Martha Alexander, 1761 ; Sarah Belding, 1762; Abi- gail Bellows, 1756; Submit Field, 1762; Ebenezer Field, 1759; Keziah Field, 1753; Aurelia Firkl, 1768; Ebenezer Warner, 1768; Benoni Wright, 1767; Seth Wright, 1734; Sarah Stratton, 1770; Hannah JaDes, 1770; Sale Knap, 1770; Francis Field, 1770; Silas Field, 1773; Azubah Fick], 1774; Electa Hubbard, 1773; Elsworth Hubbard, 1772; Samuel Hunt, 1770; Esther Lyman, 1774; Es- ther (her daughter), 1774; Lnry Stratton, 1781 ; Sammuel Stratton, 1776; Aunie Wright, 1777; Azariah Wright, 1772; Elizabeth Wright, 1772; Rhoda Watriss, 1775; Joshua Lyman, 1777; Jonathan Janes, 1776; Roswell Field, 1780; Sara Doolittle, 1773; Hev. Benjamin Doolittle, 1748; Samuel Alexander, 1781; Sarah Field, 1785; Susannah Field, 1787; Lydia Stratton, 1783; Eunice Alexander, 1785; Robert Lyman, 1759; John Pires, 1747; Mary Smith, 1730; Hezekiah Stratton, 1756; Lydia Steblins, 1761; Sara Smith, 1767; Medad Pomeroy, 1760; Isaac Mattoon, 1767; Mehitable Pomroy, 1770; Nathaniel Mattoon, 1770 ; Mary Lyman, 1777; Thankfull Root, 1776; Sarah Smith, 1784; Sarah Janes, 1779; Panl Field, 1778.

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History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Vol. II, Part 32

Author: L.H. Everts & Co Publication date: 1879 Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts Number of Pages: 896

Author: L.H. Everts & Co
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Philadelphia : Louis H. Everts
Number of Pages: 896