USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Wilmington > Town of Wilmington Annual Report 1956-1957 > Part 26
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RIESCIT IBIJUL.V . HITTA
2
WILMINGTON MASSACHUSETTS
IO ACRES
Fostera Pond
LAND DEVELOPMENT FACTORS
QUALITY OF LAND
BUILT-UP ANO BUILDABLE LANO
ORAINABLE SWAMP
SWAMP
EXTENSIVE ROUGH AND WOODEO AREA
GRAVEL PITS
WATER
PUBLIC LANDS
SCHOOLS AND OTHER
WELLFIELOS
CEMETERY
Elington -Junction
TAX TITLE LOTS (1956) IOVER 2 ACRES SINGLY CA AS & GROUPI
CODE :
1 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
€
OUMP
2
HIGH SCHOOL
P
GARAGE
S
00
100
PARK
North Warming ton
-
Silcer Lake
RELOCATION
FEDE
Caro
00
Went Sch
Forcot Street Ch
Wilmington
OWED
62
129
0
RO
MAI
BOSTON
100
·Aunaom
UTILIZING THE URBAN PLANNING ASSISTANCE PROGRAM SECTION 701, TITLE VII, HOUSING ACT OF 1954
PLANNING & RENEWAL ASSOCIATES
10818
SHAWSHEEN
BM
38
197
100
28
1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
6000
7000 FEET
MILE
$
O
SURVEY MAP
ADAPTED
FROM
U. S.
GEODETIC
NOONED
62
Pón
Silver Lake
TOWN HALL
WATER TOWERS
FIRE AND POLICE
SCHOOL SITE
...
CHESTNUT
N
-
WILMINGTON IN THE REGION
TRAFFIC VOLUME
NORTH
O
WIL4
LAWRENCE
EXISTING SHOPPING IN ORDER OF IMPORTANCE
NEW 28
OLD 28
1
1 UNDER CONSIDERATION
SOURCE BOSTON GLOBE [SOUTH OF WILMINGTON) OBSERVATION INORTH OF WILMINGTON}
ONE HALF OF 1980 ESTIMATED VEHICLES PER AVERAGE 24-HOUR DAY ON PROPOSED EXPRESSWAYS SOURCE EDWARDS, KELCEY & BECK
PROPOSED BAY CIRCUIT TOURIST ROUTE
Merrimack River
NEW 110
LANDOVER
133 5
38
LOWELL
NEW LOWELL
CONNECTOR
3A
B&M., Lowell Branch
129
Showsheen Rive.
A
As wich River
62
STONEHAM
128
$38
WOBURN
B.&M., Lawrence Branch
125
62
1955 NUMBER OF VEHICLES PER AVERAGE 24-HOUR DAY ON NUMBERED STATE ROUTES SOURCEI NASS DEPT. OF PUBLIC WORKS
3
IN-MIGRATION FACTORS ··· · · WILMINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS
LAWRENCE
3A
/
133
WILMINGTON
3
ANDOVER
LOWELL
38
TEWKSBURY
62
129
- NORTH READING
BILLERICA
READING
62
128
BURLINGTON
· 38
DENSITY IN 1955
gross acres land per family ( 3.5 persons)
IN-MIGRATION 1955
3
GENERAL DIRECTION 10% .OF TOTAL
Note: Remoining 10% are from forther awoy.
Source: "Persons Listed", Boord of Registrars, 1956
1954 TRAFFIC VOLUME
all motor vehicles per overoge 24 -hour doy
3,000 - 6,000
8,000 - 10,000
01~ 12,000-17,000
₩ 19,000 - 25,000
MI RELOCATED ROUTE 28 Expected volumes, 1980 : 30,000 - 45,000 Source : Moss. D.P.W.
O miles 3 4
N
PLANNING & RENEWAL ASSOC.
4.8 - 5.1
WOBURN
4.0- 42
1.1- 1.3
URBAN CENTERS
129
128
BOSTON
4. THE TOWN AS A UNIT
Wilmington will grow in the form of neighborhoods along its roads, rather than in the older city form of concentric rings. How then, in the face of widely dispersed growth in quite separate neighborhoods, can the Town reinforce a sense of community? More specifically: What can be done to minimize the disturbing effect on traffic circulation of intersecting railroads and of the depots which collect all-day parkers? How can the nat- ural features of the Town - that is, Silver Lake, the rivers and skating ponds, the tall pine-woods and the northern hills - be preserved for the enjoyment of all?
There is need for a new Town Hall. The commercial center at the Square cannot expand or accommodate off-street parkers without radical rearrangement. Cannot these two objectives be combined under an urban renewal program to create an appropriate center for the commercial, social and civic life of the Town?
5. CONTROLS OVER LAND USE AND BUILDING
The Town was first zoned in 1924, and rezoned after special study in 1955. The present Sub-division Regulations were adopted in 1954, as were "Regulations Covering Excavation. . . " "Minimum Standards of Fitness for Human Habitation" were voted in by the Board of Health in 1955. The Building By-Laws and Regulations of the Board of Health date from 1953. All together, Wilmington possesses an effective set of tools to prevent the abuse of land. The next step is the positive promotion of the best use of land, and for this purpose a general plan is essential. The detailed studies of population growth and the corresponding growth in municipal services submitted below are presented with full awareness that as the probable future becomes the indisputable present, the General Plan will need to be re-examined and revised, for neither the Town nor knowledge will stand still.
4
C.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
1. POPULATION AND NEW HOME CONSTRUCTION
(Accompanying tables and graphs are based on the 1950 U. S. Census, Metropolitan Boston, Tract MC-83 unless otherwise stated. For purposes of comparison, statistics for the 7 towns touching Wilmington were also included).
(a) Predominance of Youth
Wilmington is a town of young people: in 1950, 43% of Wilmington men were under 21. Comparison with Massachusetts 'Rural Non-Farm" age distribution in 1950 shows that the proportion of "School" and "Pre-School" children in Wilm- ington is high. The under-five age group has grown more than twice as fast as any other major age group.
Young people are moving into Wilmington with their families in formative stages. This is shown by the fact that about 553 of the 1,229 children under five in 1955 were brought in from outside, which is two per incoming family. In fact, Wilmington had the highest average size of household, that is 3.96 persons - of any municipality in the Boston Standard Metropolitan Area in 1950.
Of the occupied dwelling units reported in 1950, 16% have more than 1 per- son per room. Many families will later want either to add to their homes or move into bigger ones. Otherwise, the more mature families moving out will be replaced once more by young families, so that the school population problem will remain on a constant high level. Through the larger lot sizes provided by the new Zoning By-Law, such families can obtain more land and larger homes.
(b) Population Characteristics
Wilmington in the past 10 years has proved especially attractive to young people of modest means. In 1950, it had the lowest median value ($6,678) of single-family homes, whenever built, in Metropolitan Boston, but in new home construction, Wilmington rates quite well - third, in fact, of the eight contiguous towns, with $10,600 as the average declared value of building permits issued in 1955. (Such declared values are somewhat useful for statistical comparison. Experience indicates that these declared values average from 1/2 to 3/5 of market price in Wilmington.) It has been observed that many owners do a large part of the construction themselves, so that actual values are higher. The rise in new home values is probably due largely to the more stringent zoning and subdivision regulations installed since 1950.
Most people work in industrial occupations. The 1949 median income re- ported in 1950 for families and unrelated individuals was $3,015, or about typical for the metropolitan area ($3,042). Only 16% earned more than $5,000. Of the 1950 labor force of 2,452, 77.5% are men, 22.5%women. The percentage of working women working is low, as might be expected in a community with many young mothers. Two-thirds of the men (63.5%) and one-fourth of the women (23.4%) are craftsmen, operatives or laborers.
The great majority commute to jobs outside. The proportion of jobs lo- cated in Wilmington to all workers living there was only about 1 in 10 as re- cently as 1950. Despite a sharp rise in local jobs from 365 in December 1953 to 878 in December 1955, largely due to the two firms of Greer, and Raffi and Swanson, this ratio is still only 1 in 4. With the employment in prospect at
5
4
AGE OF POPULATION - WILMINGTON, MASS.
SIGNIFICANT AGE GROUPS
1955
MILLINGTON
TOT. & %
TOT.
& %
TOT.
&
1940
Pre-School
0-4
405
8.7
891
12.7
1,229
13.1
307%
School
5-18*
1,268
27.3
1,800
25.6
2,497
26.6
189
Active Adults
19-64*
2,634
56.8
3,861
54.8
5,088
54.1
193
Elderly
65 +
338
7.3
487
6.9
594
6.2
1 75
TOTAL
4.645
100.% 7,039
100.0% 9,408
100.0% 203%
* interpolated
POPULATION PYRAMID BY SEX AND AGE GROUP, 1940, 1950 & 1955
AGE GROUP
over 65
+
55 -
64
45
54
35
- 44
1
1955
1950
1940
25
- 34
1940
1950
1955
+
15
7 24
5 - 14
0 - 4
hundreds
hundreds
T
T
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MALES
FEMALES
U.S. CENSUS 1940
U.S. CENSUS 1950
MASS. CENSUS 1955
over
. ...
6
SSOW VOYHUMAN
H
5
ESTIMATED COSTS OF NEW HOMES, 1950-1956 WILMINGTON and 7 SURROUNDING TOWNS
Average de-
clared value in $1,000's: 1950 1951
8-YR. AVERAGE
WILMINGTON
7.3
7.9
9.5
9.8 13.9
1955 10.6 16.4
1956 12.1
7.8
Andover
13.2
13.3
12 8
12.2
Billerica
6.1
6.1
7.0
5.8
8.5
9.3 7.6
10.4 8.9 11.2
6.7
Burlington
5.5
6.4
6.1
5.6
7.2
5.9
No. Reading
6.0
7.3
8.4
8.5
9.6 9.4
10.7 9.7 8.6 8.9
10.3
..
Woburn
6.9
11.5
8.0
8.8
AVE. , 6 TOWNS
6.5
8.0
7.8
7.6
8.5
9.1 10.1
(excl, Wilmington, and Andovery
Annual Building Permits, Mass.Dept.of Labor & Industries, Div. of Statistics
$18,000
ESTIMATED COST
........
$16,000
$14,000
...
$12,000
$10,000
-
$ 8,000
S
$ 6,000
$ 4,000
1950
1952
1954
1956
.
7.3 8.8
8.3
7.7
Reading
8.1
8.7
9.4
9.5
11.3
8.3
Tewksbury
(not
available
7.7
1952
1953
1954
4.8 10.0
17.7
Andover
WILMINGTON
Average, 6 other towns
7
AVCO, however, the proportion may rise to 2 in 3. In the long run, many more Wilmington people may work near home.
(c) Recent Growth
In-migration accounted for 73% of the newcomers in Wilmington, between 1945 and 1955; the remaining 27% is due to the excess of births over deaths. The direction from which this in-migration has come is predominantly from decentralizing Boston. Just how much pull the new jobs at AVCO and elsewhere will have in attracting the job-holders as residents, is difficult to predict; so far it has been slight. The immediate effect will probably be felt more in terms of increased truck and employee traffic to the industrial sites and of stimulus to commercial services catering directly to the employees.
This increase of population is of course reflected in the increases in gross density (population per square mile of gross land area, including non-residen- tial uses and waste). When Wilmington's 4 gross acres per 'family" (3.5 per. sons) drops to Woburn's 1/gross acre, one may expect to see Wilmington passed over in the search for open land on which to settle.
(d) Population Projection, 1955-1980
Projection of Wilmington's numerical growth, totaling 16,000 to 20,000 by 1980, is probably on the low side, as Wilmington is only just beginning to come within range of metropolitan Boston decentralization, and professional and in- dustrial job opportunities have markedly increased in the Town. Increased ac- cessibility, the suitability of Wilmington for medium and high-priced develop- ments and the financial and administrative soundness of the Town are sure to exert more attraction than was present in the past.
Projection of Wilmington's rate of growth, totaling 24,000 to 35,000, is on the other hand probably high for two reasons: Metropolitan Boston may not continue to decentralize in such great numbers in the future, and prospective settlers will be attracted to the more open areas remaining elsewhere after Wilmington becomes more built up. The same comments hold true for the pro- jection of 29,300 based on the combined rate of new building and natural in- crease, and for the maximum projection of 32,400 regarding the growth of Wilmington's share of the growing Massachusetts Bay region.
The most realistic estimate seems to be a combined projection of in- migration plus natural increase, which runs from a minimum in 1980 of 22,700 to a maximum of 28,700. The lower figure incorporates a decreasing rate of in-migration as density increases, and a slowing down of natural increase as the population ages.
In sum, it is to be expected that the next ten years or so will see a particu- larly strong spurt of growth because of
(1) the construction of relocated Route 28, which will make Wilmington as accessible to downtown Boston as Medford is now.
(2) the influence of AVCO in Wilmington itself, which will draw some em- ployees, and that of other factories likely to spring up along the new Route 28, and
(3) Wilmington's own attractions for potential residents.
The probable range of population by 1980 would appear to center around 25,000, of which the larger part will settle before 1965, about doubling the pres- ent population. The gross density in 1980 may rise to about 1,500 per square mile, or roughly that of Reading today.
8
6
NEW HOMES, 1946-1956 WILMINGTON and 7 SURROUNDING TOWNS
1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956*
TOTAL
WILLINGTON
58
89
80
85
55
151
155
1 73
167
203
126
1,324
Andover
56
76
112
135
130
124
119
152
196
219
229
1,548
Billerica
100
108
122
121
164
130
118
400
224
183
154
1,824
Burlington
-
-
0
52
90
79
125
117
247 116
526
393
1,629
No. Reading
37
62
47
81
83
58
96
91
24
119
1,036
Reading
102
131
152
135
231
166
129
100
134
181
222
1. 683
Tewksbury
-
61
86
74
10.7
147
203
250
593
534
187
2,242
Woburn
50
104
110
131
192
170
325
444
452
3 78
334
2,690
Average of
Grand
7 without
Total
Wilmington
69
90
89
104 142
124
159
221
280
3 24
234 13,994
*Wilmington's and Andover's own Listings differ, being 148 and 214 respectively Source : Mass. Department of Commerce, Division of Research, "New Home Build- ing in Massachusetts, 1946-1954",et seq.
NEW
HOMES
400
300
AVERAGE, all other towns
200
WILMINGTON
100
0
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
9
1
INDICATIONS OF GROWTH, 1945 - 1955
WILMINGTON AND SEVEN SURROUNDING TOWNS
MIGRATION PER 1000 POP. ('50)
1
NEW HOMES/YR/1000 POPULATION (1950) AVE. 151-54 1955
2
POP. GROSS2 SQ. L'ILE
AVERAGE DECLARED 4 VALUE, NEN HOMES 1955
THIS TOWN
LASS. AVE. *
THIS TOWN
L'ASS. AVE.+
TOWN
WILMINGTON
39.7
18.4
22.9
13.0
21.6
326
553
$ 10,600
Andover
12.7
14.6
11.9
8.6
15.1
384
46
$ 16,400
Billerica
39.6
14.6
19.7
8.6
12. 7
334
566
$ 9,300
Bur lington
62.4
18.4
43. 7
13.8
10.1
224
442
$ 7,600
No. Reading
48.4
18.4
20.5
13.8
40.5
233
459
$ 10,700
Reading
17.7
14.6
9.5
8.6
11.0
1,250
1,670
$ 9,700
Tewksbury
54.6
14.6
39.8
13.0
49.3
288
524
$ 8,600
Woburn
12.9
4.8
17.2
8.5
12.8
1,550
2,010
$ 8,900
Source :
1. Mass. Dept. of Commerce, "Population Lovements . 1945 - 1955"
2.
=
=
=
E
3.
E
11
M
"New Home Building in Mass., 1946 - 1954" "Statistics of Lass. Cities ... by Regional Areas" (for gross land areas)
4.
=
tt
n
M
"Building Permit ... Summary, 1955"
NATURAL INCREASE
PER 1000
POPULATION 1950
AVERAGE SURPLUS BIRTHS OVER DEATH 1950 - 1954
WILMINGTON
16.4
Andover
9.1
Billerica
16.9
Burlington
21.1
N. Reading
12.3
Reading
12.3
Tewksbury
16.3
Woburn
16.3
MASS.
10.5
Source : Annual Report, Vital Statistics of Massachusetts (Allocated by place of residence)
10
M' mental Library
1945 - 1955
1945
1955
THIS
* average for all Massachusetts towns in applicable size class
8
POPULATION GROWTH, 1910 - 1955
BOSTON METROPOLITAN REGION
1
1,295,000-
1,565,000-
1,568,000-
-1,805,000-
-1,965,000 -
2,400,000
-
MASSACHUSETTS
BAY
MASSACHUSETTS
BAY
99 cities and towns,
excluding Boston, including Wilmington.
BOSTON
-686,000
-748,000
-781,000-
-771,000
-766,000
-801,000-
-725,000
1910
1920
1930
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1970
1980
1,858
2,581
4,013
4,645
5,564
7,039
9,408
WILLINGTON
7,301
8,268
9,969
11,122 11,920 12,437 14,535
Andover
2,789
3,646
5,880
7,933
8,504 11,101 14,403
Billerica
591
885
1,722
2,275
2,656
3,250
5,225
Burlington
1,059
1,286
1,945
2,886
3,089
4,402
6,083
North Reading
5,818
7,439
9,767
10,866 12,327 14,006 16,440
Reading
3,750
4,450
5,585
6,261
5,949
7,505 10,848
Tewksbury
15,308,
16,574
19,434
19,751 19,886 20,492 25,856
:o burn
1910
1920
1930
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1970
1980
30
WILMINGTON AND SEVEN
SURROUNDING
TOWNS
Woburn
19,000
20,000
Reading
Andover
Billerica
Tewksbur
14,000
10,000
WILMINGTON
North Reading Burlington
1
O
Sources: U.S. Census and lassacusetts Decámal Census
11
-1,093,000-
2,700,000
9
POPULATION PROJECTIONS, 1955-1980
A. Projection of Wilmington's NUMERICAL Growth
sub-total TOTAI
1. Average, 1910-1955, projected to 1980
2. 11 1945-1955, 11 11 11
3. Assume 15% of 2,000 AVCO employees move in with families of 3.5 each 1,000
B. Projection of Wilmington's RATE of Growth
1. Average rate, 1910-1955, projected to 1980
2. 11 11 1945-1955, 11 11 =
C. Combined Rate of liew Building and Natural Increase (re-figured each 10-year period on cumulative base)
1. Rate of new residential building por 1,000 pop. at an average of 20/1,000 with an average in-migrating population of 2.3 per dwelling unit (2,795 new in- migrants divided by 1.216 new homes, 1946-1955) 16,000
2. Natural Increase, 15/1,000 pop. 5,500
3. Population in 1950 7,000
4. Total, 1980 29,300
D. Projection of Wilmington's Share of Growth of Massachusetts Bay
(99 cities and towns ecluding Boston but including Wilmington)
1. L'inimim: 2,400,000 x 0.85% 20,400
The minimum expected growth of L'assachusetts Bay by 1980 is 2,400,000. If Wilmington's rate of growth levels out to the average for 1910-1955, it will amount to 0.85% of the Bay
2. Llaximım: 2,700,000 x 1.2% 32,400
The maximum expected growth of Massachusetts Bay by 1980 is 2,700,000. If Wilmington's rate of growth continues as in 1945-1955, its share will be 1.2%
E. Combined Projection of In-migration plus Natural Increases (re-figured each 10-year period on cumulative base*
1. Minimum
a) In-migration, assuming rate of 40/1,000 pop. continues until Wilmington density equals 1,000/sq.mi., then dropping to 20/1,000 pop. 10,500
Natural increase, ave. suburban rate · 15/1,000 pop 5,200
Population in 1950 7,000
2. Maximum
a) In-migration, at post-war rate of 40/1,000 pop. 14,500
b) Natural Increase, at present rate of 20/1,000 pop. 7,200
c) Population in 1950 7,000
22,700
to
28,700
12
15,000 19,000 16,000 20,800
24,000 to
35,000
. to
(e) Population Distribution
Having determined the probable total - around 25,000 by 1980 - the next question is, what parts of Wilmington are most likely to fill up, and in what order?
The first observation to be made is that Wilmington's residentially zoned and buildable land has more than enough capacity for the next 30 or 40 years; eventually - with all due allowance for streets, accessory uses and waste - 30,000 can be housed. Beyond that point, any great increase in population would involve radical changes in zoning and use of low-grade building land.
The second observation is that certain parts of Wilmington - the North and East - are likely to attract about two-thirds of the in-migration of the next 20 years. The facts from which this is deduced are:
. . . the amount of vacant, buildable, residentially zoned land in these areas
. .. their proximity to interchanges with Route 28, which will in all probability be the main channel of influx now as Route 38 has been in the past
. . . their convenience to AVCO, and to Town facilities.
Areas in other parts of town near a State highway, an existing school, or along an existing water main were also considered subject to early development, and were labeled 'Land Most Likely to Succeed" (L.M.L.S.) As in the case of year- book predictions, one cannot be sure what the years will bring, but the inherent character, at least, is recognized. 'Other Buildable Land" (O.B.L.) has been calculated separately, assuming somewhat greater waste in low-density areas.
2. NEIGHBORHOOD SERVICES
Neighborhoods are most commonly defined as residential areas centered around an elementary school and delimited by such sharp lines as railroads, heavily traveled ways, or streams, incompatible land uses (industrial districts, commercial streets) or unbuilda- ble lands (swamps or water, steep hills, large land reserves). A neighborhood should be supplied with a small shopping center for daily needs, and a place for local meetings, whether in a church, grange or clubhouse. Youngsters must have space for active recrea- tion near enough to go to alone without calling on adults to supervise or ferry. It should not be traversed by any hazardous barrier unless the danger can be minimized by permit- ting crossings only at strategic grade-separations. It is well to include more than one kind of residential zone within a neighborhood in order to let the children within it experi- ence the social variety at school that their parents experience at work.
(a) Elementary Schools
Wilmington falls into rather well-defined neighborhoods. They are also quite large in area, which makes it imperative to try and find the one general site for school and playground within walking distance for the greatest number of children. The walking distances were measured along actual (or proposed) roads and overpasses rather than in air-flight across swamps and other bar- riers, and the population was estimated within these service areas within three stages of time - 'how, soon or eventual." While an up-to-date and thorough record of foreseeable school needs is being carried on by Mr. Collins, Super- intendent of Schools, the most efficient distribution possible of future class- rooms is nonetheless a proper part of the land-use study, because
(a) it is closely tied to the expected population distribution
(b) the most strategic locations can then be reserved early by the Town before an adequate lot becomes difficult and expensive to assemble
13
10
RESIDENTIAL CAPACITY OF WILMINGTON
Key : "Land Most Likely to Succeed": L.K.L.S .; "Other Buildable Land": O.B.L. Assumed Family Size: 3.75
Persons Gross Residential Acre:
L. M.L. S. O.B.L.
Zone R, lot : 60,000 sq. ft. 2.5 2.0
Zone A, lot : 22,500 6.0
5.
Zone B, lot : 10,000 14.0 14.0
Census Enumeration Districts: 9-508: Silver Lake; 9-692: West Wilm. Center; 9-693: North Wilmington; 9-694: East Wilmington; 9-695: West Wilm.
WILMINGTON
S.L. 9-508 1,167 16.5
W.C. 9-692 1,331 19.0
N. W. 9-693 1,682 24.0
E. W. 9-694 1,456 20.5
W.W. 9-695 1,403 20.0
7,000 100%
1955 estim. increas (assume same %)
400
L.M.L.S. Acres
90 940
460 190 1,300
570 820 5,140
490 610 3,740
480 450 2,690
2,400 2,160 13,800
SUB-TOTAL POP.
2,510 11.0
3,090
7,390
5,690 25.0
4,570 20.0
100%
O.B.L. Acres
30
30
590
50
1,200
1,900
O. B.L. New Pop.
240
150
1,570
250
4,530
6,700
TOTAL CAPACITY
to nearest 100 %
3,000 10.0
3,000 10.0
9,000 30.0
6,000 20.0
9,000 30.0
30,000 100%
BUIL DABLE ACRES and NEW POPULATION, by ZONES
R ZONE ACRES POP.
A ZONE ACRES POP.
B ZONE ACRES POP.
TOTAL ACRES POP.
Silver Lake
9-508 TOTAL
-
-
60
340
60
840
120
1,180
Wilm. Center
9-692 TOTAL
-
-
200
1,170
20
280
220
1,450
North Wilm.
690
1,485
600
3,490
120
1,680
1,410
6,655
East Wilm.
9-694 TOTAL
-
650
3,850
10
140
660
3,990
West Wilm.
9-695 TOTAL
710
1,470
770
4,070
170
2,380
1,650
7,920
WILMINGTON,
TOTAL L.N.L. S. =
310
775
1,520
9,120 3,800
50
700
1,900
6,680
GRAND TOTAL
1,400
2,955
2,280 12,920
380
5,320
4,060
21,195
TOTAL BUILDABLE
RESIDENTIALL ZONED LAND = 4,000
ACRES FOR 22,000 PERSONS
2,160
14,515
O.B.L.
1,090
2,180
760
330
4,620
Rounded TOTALS
1950 population %
L.i .. L. S. New Pop.
23,200
%
12.0
32.0
9-693 TOTAL
14
11
ESTIMATED POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
C
IN 100'S
95
EXISTING BUILT-UP(1955)
125
D
"L.M.L.S." (See Text)
C
80
"O.B.L." (See Text)
CENSUS DISTRICTS
C
O
O
O
..
C
O
O
O
O
O
O
C
.
N
WILMINGTON MASSACHUSETTS
0
1/2
I mile
PLANNING AND RENEWAL ASSOCIATES
O
"WIMYWIMYWTA
15
(c) necessary streets and walkways can be sketched in, so that the maxi- mum number of children may safely walk to school
(d) the location of playgrounds and playfields may be planned to coincide with the proposed school lots because of the economic advantage in the form of State aid to play areas built at the same time as the school plant
(e) areas difficult to serve efficiently will stand revealed and settlement therein kept low - and conversely, rezoning to a higher density may be permitted where a proposed school will have some reserve capacity.
For the purposes of this school distribution study a series of assumptions was made:
(a) that the population distribution will in general follow the pattern pre- dicted under the 'Land Most Likely to Succeed" criterion
(b) that as many children as possible walk to school:
(1) for elementary schools (grades 1-5), the distance beyond which bus service is required by law is 1 mile; the preferred maximum walking distance is 1/2 mile; major highway and railroad cross- ings at grade school should be avoided except where the point is guarded by traffic lights and/or a supervisor at the times children enter and leave school
(2) for immediate schools (grades 6-8), the legal distance is 12 miles and the preferred is 1 mile; children are assumed to be old enough to exercise care at crossings
(c) that where bus commuting is unavoidable, the route be as simple as possible
(d) that playgrounds for younger children be available to them without any need for crossing highways or railroads at grade, so that they may go there alone at any time; this implies the spacing of new schools so that they supplement services to areas separated from existing playgrounds by such crossings
(e) that in the long run, the older school buildings of one to four classrooms will be replaced, especially where they overlap other districts heavily, as in the case of the Whitefield and Walker Schools
(f) that the preferred elementary school size is either 6-to-8 rooms or 15 rooms, and that of the intermediate school is 20 rooms, with a range of 25 to 35 pupils per room. This gives a school population of 150-280 per 6-to-8 room school, of 375-525 per 15-room school and 500-700 per 20-room school
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