USA > Michigan > St Clair County > History of the St. Clair County, Michigan, containing an account of its settlement, growth, development and resources.. > Part 10
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92
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
conditioned that the celebrated strip of territory over which the quarrel had been so violent and protracted, should be given to Ohio, and that Michigan might have as compensation the upper peninsula. That section of country was then known only as a barren waste, containing some copper, no one knew how much. Of course this decision of Congress was unsatisfactory to the people of this State. This was the third excision of territory from Michigan, other elippings having been made in 1802 and 1816. In the former year more than a thousand square miles were given to Ohio, and in the latter year nearly 1,200 square miles were given to Indiana. Accordingly, Gov. Mason convened the Legislature July 11, 1836, to act on the proposition of Congress. The vote stood twenty-one for acceptance and twenty- eight for rejection. Three delegates were appointed to repair to Washington, to co-operate with the representatives there for the general interest of the State ; but before Congress was brought to action on the matter, other conventions were held in the State to hasten a decision.
Stevens T. Mason was the first Governor of this State, having been elected (Governor of the State prospectively) in 1835, as before noted, and he held the office until January, 1840. This State, at the time of its admission into the Union, had a population of about 200,000 ; its area was about 40,000 square miles, which was divided into thirty-six counties.
Nearly the first aet passed by the Legislature was one for the organization and support of common schools. Congress had already set apart one section of land in every township for this purpose, and the new State properly appreciated the boon. In March of the same year (1837) another act was passed establishing the Uni- versity of Michigan, of which institution we speak more fully on subsequent pages. This Legislature also appropriated $20,000 for a geological survey, and appointed Dr. Douglass Houghton State Geologist. For the encouragement of internal im- provements, a board of seven commissioners was appointed, of which the Governor was made president. This board authorized several surveys for railroads. Three routes were surveyed through the State, which eventually became, respectively, the Michigan Central, the Michigan Southern, and the Detroit & Milwaukee. The latter road, however, was originally intended to have Port Huron for its eastern terminus. The next year appropriations were made for the survey of the Saint Joseph, Kalamazoo and Grand Rivers, for the purpose of improving the navi- gation.
In 1839 the militia of the State was organized. and eight divisions, with two brigades of two regiments each, were provided for. This year, also, the State prison at Jackson was completed. Nearly 30,000 pupils attended the common schools this year, and for school purposes over $18,000 was appropriated. Agrieul- turally, the State yielded that year 21,944 bushels of rye, 1,116,910 of oats, 6,422
93
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
of buckwheat, 43.826 pounds of fax, 524 of hemp. 89.610 head of cattle, 14,059 head of horses, 22.6&I head of sheep, and 109,096 of swine.
Gov. William Woodbridge was the chief executive from January, 1840, to February, 1841, when he resigned to accept a seat in the United States Senate. J. Wright Gordon was Lieutenant Governor, and became Acting Governor on the resignation of Gov. Woodbridge.
During the administration of these men, the railroad from Detroit to Ann Arbor, a distance of forty miles, was completed ; branches of the university were established at Detroit, Pontiac, Monroe, Niles, Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids, Jackson, White Pigeon and Tecumseh. The material growth of the State continued to increase, proportionally more rapidly than even the population, which now amounted to about 212.000.
John S. Barry succeeded Gov. Gordon in the executive chair, serving from 1841 to 1845.
In 1812 the university was opened for the reception of students, and the num- ber of pupils attending the common schools was officially reported to be nearly 58,000.
In 1843 a land office was established at Marshall for the whole State.
In 1844, the taxable property of the State was found to be in value 828,554,282, the tax being at the rate of two mills on the dollar. The expenses of the State were only $70,000, while the income from the two railroads was nearly $300.000.
In 1845, the number of inhabitants in the State had increased to more than 300,000.
Alpheus Feleh served as Governor from 1845 to 1847. During his time the two railroads belonging to the State were sold to private corporations,-the Central for 82.000,000, and the Southern for $500,000. The exports of the State amounted in 1846 to 84,647,608. The total capacity of vessels enrolled in the collection district at Detroit was 26,928 tons, the whole giving employment to 18,000 seamen. In 1847 there were thirty-nine counties in the State, containing 435 townships; and 275 of these townships were supplied with good libraries. containing, in the aggregate, 37,000 volumes. In the Spring of 1846, on the account of Northern and Eastern immigration into Texas, with tastes and habits different from the native Mexicans, a war was precipitated between the United States and Mexico; and for the prosecution of this war Michigan furnished a regiment of volunteers, com- manded by Thomas W. Stockton, and one independent company, incurring a total expense of about $10,500, March 3, 1847, Gov. Felch resigned to accept a seat in the United States Senate, when the duties of his office devolved upon William S. Greenly, under whose administration the Mexican war was closed.
Epaphroditus Ransom was Governor from 1547 to November, 1849. During
G
94
HISTORY OF MICIIIGAN.
his administration the Asylum for the Insane was established at Kalamazoo, and also the Institute for the Blind, and the Deaf and Dumb at Flint. Both these institutions were liberally endowed with lands, and each entrusted to a board of five trustees. March 31, 1848, the first telegraph line was completed from New York to Detroit.
John S. Barry, elected Governor of Michigan for the third time, succeeded Gov. Ransom, and his term expired in November, 1851. While he was serving this term a normal school was established at Ypsilanti, which was endowed with lands, placed in charge of a board of education, consisting of six persons ; a new State constitution was adopted, and the great "railroad-conspiracy " case was tried. This originated in a number of lawless depredations upon the property of the Michigan Central Railroad Company, terminating with the burning of the depot at Detroit in 1850. The next year thirty-seven men were brought to trial, and twelve of them were convicted. The prosecution was conducted by Alexander D. Fraser, of Detroit, and the conspirators were defended by William H. Seward, of New York. Judge Warner Wing presided.
Robert McClelland followed Barry as Governor, serving until March, 1853, when he resigned to accept the position of Secretary of the Interior, in the Cabinet of Pres. Pierce. Lieut .- Gov. Andrew Parsons, consequently, became Acting Gov- ernor, his term expiring in November, 1854.
In the Spring of 1854, during the administration of Acting Gov. Parsons, the " Republican party," at least as a State organization, was first formed in the United States " under the oaks " at Jackson, by anti-slaverymen of both the old parties. Great excitement prevailed at this time, occasioned by the settling of Kansas and the issue thereby brought up whether slavery should exist there. For the purpose of permitting slavery there, the " Missouri compromise " (which limited slavery to the south of 36 degrees 30 minutes ) was repealed, under the lead of Stephen A. Douglas. This was repealed by a bill admitting Kansas and Nebraska into the Union as Territories, and those who were opposed to this repeal measure were, in short, called " anti-Nebraska," were temporarily employed to designate the slavery and anti-slavery parties, pending the dissolution of the old Democratic and Whig parties and the organization of the new Democratic and Republican parties. At the next State election Kinsley S. Bingham was elected by the Republicans Gov- ernor of Michigan, and this State has ever since then been under Republican con- trol, the State officers of that party being elected by majorities ranging from 5,000 to 55,000. And the people of this State generally, and the Republicans in par- ticular, claim that this commonwealth has been as well taken care of since 1855 as any State in the Union, if not better, while preceding 1855 the Democrats adminis- tered the government as well as any other State, if not better. As a single though
95
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
signal proof of the high standard of Michigan among her sister States, we may mention that while the taxes in the New England States, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania average $10.09 per capita, while in Massachusetts the average is $17.10 per inhabitant, and while in the West the average is $6.50, in Michigan it is only $1.57. At the same time it is generally believed, even by the citizens of sister States, that Michigan is the best-governed commonwealth in the Union.
Kinsley S. Bingham was Governor from 1854 to 1858. The most notable event during his administration was the completion of the ship canal at the falls of Saint Mary, May 26. 1855. An Act of Congress was approved, granting to the State of Michigan 750,000 acres of land for the purpose of constructing this canal. The "sault," or rapids, of the Saint Mary have a fall of seventeen feet in one mile. The canal is one mile long, 100 feet wide and about twelve feet deep. It has two loeks of solid masonry. The work was commeneed in 1853, and finished in May. 1855, at a cost of 8999,802. This is one of the most important internal improve- ments ever made in the State,
Moses Wisner was the next Governor of Michigan, serving from 1858 to November, 1860, at which time Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States. National themes began to grow exciting, and Michigan affairs were almost lost in the warring elements of strife that convulsed the nation from center to circumference with a life-and-death struggle.
Austin Blair was the thirteenth Governor of Michigan, serving during the perilous times of the rebellion from 1861 to 1>65, and by his patriotie and faithful execution of law and prompt aid of the General Government, carning the well- deserved title of " the War Governor." The partienlars of the history of this State in connection with that war we will reserve for the next section.
Henry II. Crapo succeeded Gov. Blair, serving one term. He, was elected during the dark hours just before the close of the war, when he found the political sky overcast with the most ominous elouds of death and debt. The bonded debt of the State was 83,511, 1 19.80, with a balance in the treasury of $110,017.29. In the single year just closed the State had expended 8823,216.75, and by the close of the first year of his term this indebtedness had increased more than $400,000 more. But the wise administration of this Governor began materially to reduce the debt. and at the same time fill the treasury. The great war closed during the April after his election, and he faithfully carried out the line of policy inaugurated by his prede- cessor. The other prominent events during his term of office are systematically interwoven with the history of the various institutions of the State, and they will be found under heads in their respective places.
Henry P. Baldwin was Governor two terms, namely, from January, 1868, to the elose of 1872. The period of his administration was a prosperous one for the
96
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
State. In 1869 the taxable valuation of real and personal property in the State amounted to $400,000,000, and in 1871 it exceeded $630,000,000.
During Gov. Baldwin's time a step was taken to alter the State constitution so as to enable counties, townships, cities and incorporated villages, in their corporate capacity, to aid in the construction of railroads. Bonds had been issued all over the State by these municipalities in aid of railroads, under laws which had been enacted by the Legislature at five different sessions ; but a case coming before the Supreme Court involving the constitutionality of these laws, the Bench decided that the laws were unconstitutional, and thus the railroads were left to the mercy of the " soulless " corporations. Gov. Baldwin, in this emergency, called an extra session of the Legislature, which submitted the desired constitutional amendment to the people ; but it was by them defeated in November, 1870.
The ninth census having been officially published, it became the duties of the State, in 1872, to make a re-apportionment of districts for the purpose of repre- sentation in Congress. Since 1863 Michigan has had six representatives, but the census of 1870 entitled it to nine.
During the last two years of Gov. Baldwin's administration the preliminary measures for building a new State capitol engrossed much of his attention. His wise counsels concerning this much-needed new building were generally adopted by the Legislature, which was convened in extra session in March, 1872.
Ample provisions having been made for the payment of the funded debt of the State by setting apart some of the trust-fund receipts, and such portion of the specific taxes as were not required for the payment of interest on the public debt, the one-eighth mill tax for the sinking fund was abolished in 1870.
The Fall of 1871 is noted for the many destructive conflagrations in the North- west, including the great Chicago fire. Several villages in this State were either wholly or partially consumed, and much property was burned up nearly all over the country. This was due to the excessive dryness of the season. In this State alone nearly 3,000 families, or about 18,000 persons, were rendered houseless and deprived of the necessaries of life. Relief committees were organized at Detroit, Grand Rapids and elsewhere, and in a short time $462,106 in money and about $250,000 worth of clothing were forwarded to the sufferers. Indeed, so generous were the people, that they would have given more than was necessary had they not been informed by the Governor in a proclamation that a sufficiency had been raised.
The dedication of the soldiers and sailors' monument at Detroit, April 9, 1872, was a notable event in Gov. Baldwin's time. This grand structure was designed by Randolph Rogers, formerly of Michigan, and one of the most eminent of Amer- ican seulptors now living. The money to defray the expenses of this undertaking was raised by subscription, and persons in all parts of the State were most liberal
97
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
in their contributions. The business was managed by an incorporation established in 1868. The monument is forty-six feet high, and is surmounted by a colossal statue of Michigan in bronze, ten feet in height. She is represented as a semi- civilized Indian queen, with a sword in her right hand and a shield in her left. The dedieatory lines in front are : " Erected by the people of Michigan, in honor of the martyrs who fell and the heroes who fought in defense of liberty and union." On the monument are many beautiful designs. At the unveiling there was a large concourse of people from all parts of the State, and the address was delivered by ex-Gov. Blair.
John J. Bagley succeeded to the Governorship Jan. 1, 1873, and served two terms. During his administration the new capitol was principally built, which is a larger and better structure for the money than, perhaps, any other publie building in the United States. Under Gov. Bagley's counsel and administration the State prospered in all its departments. The Legislature of 1873 made it the duty of the Governor to appoint a commission to revise the State Constitution, which duty he performed to the satisfaction of all parties.
Charles M. Crosswell was next the chief executive officer of this State, exer- eising the functions of the office for two successive terms, 1877-1881. During his administration the public debt was greatly reduced, a policy adopted requiring State institutions to keep within the limit of appropriations, laws enacted to pro- vide more effectually for the punishment of corruption and bribery in elections, the State House of Correction at Ionia and the Eastern Asylum for the Insane at Pon- tiae were opened, and the new capitol at Lansing was completed and occupied. The first act of his second term was to preside at the dedication of this building. The great riot of 1877 centered at Jackson. During those two or three fearful days Gov. Crosswell was in his office at Lansing, in correspondence with members of the military department in different parts of the State, and within forty-eight hours of the moment when the danger became imminent, the rioters found them- selves surrounded by a military force ready with ball and cartridge for their anni- hilation. Were it not for this promptness of the Governor, there would probably have been a great destruction of property, if not also of life.
The administration of Hon. David HI. Jerome has been one marked alike by joys and sorrows. The great business revival marked the period of his election ; the disastrous forest fires clouded the light of peace and prosperity.
STATE OFFICERS.
GOVERNORS DURING FRENCH RULE.
APPOINTED.
APPOINTED.
Sieur de La Barre.
1672
Sieur de Mesey
1663
Marquis de Denonville 1655
Sieur de Courcelles
1665
Sieur de Frontenac 1689
Sieur de F'rontenac.
1672
Chevalier de C'allieres 1699
7
98
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
STATE OFFICERS .- CONTINUED.
APPOINTED.
Marquis de Vaudreuil 1703
Marquis de Beauharnois 1726
Compt de la Galissoniere 1747
Sieur de la Jonquiere 1749
Marquis du Quesne de Menneville 1752
Sieur de Vaudreuilde Cavagnal
1755
GOVERNORS DURING BRITISHI RULE.
James Murray 1765
Paulus E. Irving 1766
Guy Carleton 1766
Hector I. Cramahe 1770
Guy Carleton.
1774
Frederick Haldemand 1778
Henry Hamilton 1784
Henry Hope 1785
Lord Dorchester 1756
Alured Clark
1791
Lord Dorchester 1798
GOVERNORS OF MICHIGAN TERRITORY.
William Hull 1805
Lewis Cass 1813
George B. Porter 1831
Stevens T. Mason, ex-officio. 1834
John T. Horner, ex-officio.
1835
STATE GOVERNORS.
ELECTED.
Stevens T. Mason. 1835
William Woodbridge. 1840
J. Wright Gordon, acting 1841
John S. Barry 1842
Alpheus Felch 1846
WVm. S. Greenly, acting.
1847
Epaphroditus Ransom
1848
John S. Barry
1850
Robert McClelland 1852
Andrew Parsons, acting. 1853
Kingsley S. Bingham 1855
Moses Wisner 1859
Austin Blair 1861
Henry H. Crapo
1865
Henry D. Baldwin
1869
John J. Bagley 1873
Charles M. Croswell 1877
David II. Jerome 1881
LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS OF MICHIGAN. ELECTED.
Edward Mundy IS35
J. Wright Gordon 1840
Origin D. Richardson 1842
Wm. S. Greenly 1846
Wm. M. Fenton 1848
Wm. S. Greenly 1849
Calvin Britain. 1852
Andrew Parsons 1853
George A. Coe IS55
Edmund B. Fairfield 1859
James Birney
1861
Joseph R. Williams, acting
1861
Henry T. Backus, acting.
862
Charles S. May
1863
E. O. Grosvenor
186
Dwight May 1867
Morgan Bates 1869
Henry H. Holt IS73
Alonzo Sessions
1877
Moreau S. Crosby 188 1
SECRETARIES OF STATE.
Kintzing Pritchette 1835
Randolph Manning IS38
Thomas Rowland. 1840
Robert P. Eldridge IS42
G. O. Whittemore 1846
George W. Peck IS48
George Redfield.
IS50
Charles H. Taylor 1850
William Graves I853
John McKinney IS55
Nelson G. Isbell
1859
James B. Porter IS6I
O. S. Spaulding.
1867
Daniel Striker.
1871
E. G. D. Holden 1875
William Jenney. 1879
STATE TREASURERS.
Henry IToward 1836
Peter Desnoyers 1839
Robert Stuart 1840
George W. Germain.
1841
John J. Adam IS42
George Redfield. 1845
99
STATE OFFICERS .- CONTINUED.
ELECTED.
George B. Cooper. 1846
Barnard C. Whittemore IS50
Silas M. Holmes
1855
John McKinney
1859
John Owen
IS61
Ira Mayhew 1845
E. O. Grosvenor 1867
Victory P. Collier
John MI. Gregory
IS59
Oramel Hosford
1865
Daniel B. Briggs.
IS73
Horace S. Tarbell 1877
Cornelius A. Gower 1878
JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT.
Augustus B. Woodward 1805-24
Frederick Bates
IS05-3
John Griffin
IS06-24
James Witherell. 1808-28
Solomon Sibley 1824-30
Henry Chipman
1827-32
Charles Upson. IS6I
Albert Williams.
IS63
Wni. L. Stoughton
1867
Dwight May
IS69
Byron D. Ball
1873
ยท Isaac Marston
IS74
Andrew J. Smith
1875
Otto Kirchner
1377
AUDITORS-GENERAL.
George Miles.
IS46-50
Edward Mundy
1848-51
Sanford M. Green
1848-57
George Martin.
IS51-2
Joseph T. Copeland
I852-7
Samuel T. Douglas
1852-7
David Johnson IS52-7
John J. Adam
1845
Digby V. Bell
IS46
John J. Adam
IS4S
Nathaniel Bacon
1$55-8
John Swegles, jr 1851
Sanford M. Green 1856-8
1>56-8
Daniel L. Case.
I859
Langford G. Berry
IS61
Emil Aneke. 1863
1857
William Humphrey 1867
George Martin 1-59-68
Ralph Ely 1875
Randolph Manning. 1852-04
Isaac l'. Christiancy. IS58-77
W. Irving Latimer 1579
SUPT. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. ELFCTED.
John D. Pierce. 1838
Franklin Sawyer, jr. IS41
Oliver C. Comstock 1843
Francis W. Sherman 1849
Tra Mayhew 1855
Wm. B. McCreery 1875
Benj. F. Pritchard 1879
ATTORNEYS-GENERAL.
Daniel LeRoy IS36
Peter Morey IS37
Zephaniah Platt IS4I
Elon Farnsworth 1843
Henry N. Walker I845
Edward Mundy 1847
Geo. V. N. Lothrop IS4S
William Ilale. 1857
Jacob M. Iloward
1855
Win. Woodbridge IS28-32
Ross Wilkins 1832-6
Wm. A. Fletcher 1836-42
Epaphroditus Ransom I8 36-47
George Morell.
1836-42
Charles W. Whipple
1843-52
Alpheus Felch.
1842-5
David Goodwin
1843-6
Warner Wing I845-56
Robert Abbott. 1836
Ilenry Howard. IS39
Eurotus P'. Hastings
1840
Alphens Felch 1842
Henry S. Whipple IS42
Charles G. Ilammond IS45
Abner Pratt.
IS51-7
Charles W. Whipple.
1852-5
Whitney Jones 1855
ES. TI. C. Wilson.
Benj. F. Il. Witherell, Benj. F. Graves, Josiah Turner, and Edwin Lawrence to fill vacancies in the latter part of.
C.
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
100
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
STATE OFFICERS .- CONTINUED.
ELECTED.
ELECTED.
James V. Campbell.
1858
David S. Walbridge
1855-9
Thomas M. Cooley
864
D. C. Leach
1857-61
Benj. F. Graves
IS6S
Francis W. Kellogg 1859-65
Isaac Marston
1875
B. F. Granger IS61-3
U. S. SENATORS.
John Norvell
1835-41
Lucius Lyon
1836-40
Augustus S. Porter
1840-5
Wm. Woodbridge
1841-7
R. E. Trowbridge
I865-9
Lewis Cass
1845-57
Thomas W. Ferry
IS69-7I
Thos. H. Fitzgerald IS48-9
Austin Blair
1867-73
Alphens Felch
IS47-53
William L. Stoughton
IS69-73
Charles E. Stuart
IS53-9
Zachariah Chandler
1857-77
Kinsley S. Bingham
1859-61
Jacob M. Howard
IS62-71
Wilder D. Foster
1871-3
Henry Baldwin ISSO
Zachariah Chandler
IS78-9
Thomas W. Ferry
1881-3
Omar D. Conger
ISSI-7
REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.
Nathan B. Bradley
1873-7
Jay A. Hubbell
1873
W. B. Williams
I875-7
Alpheus S. Williams
IS75-9
Mark S. Boemer
1877
Charles C. Ellsworth
IS77-9
John S. Chipman 1845-7
Charles E. Stuart
1847-9
Kinsley S. Bingham
1849-51
Alexander W. Buel
1849-51
William Sprague IS49-50
Roswell G. Horr 1879
Charles E. Stuart 1851-3
John S. Newberry
IS79
James L. Conger
1851-3
Ebenezer J. Penneman
1851-3
Edwin Willets
ISSI
Samuel Clark 1853-5
E. S. Lacey
ISSI
David A. Noble 1853-5
Julius C. Burrows :SSI
Ilester L. Stevens I853-5
George W. Webber ISSI
David Stuart. 1853-5
Oliver L. Spaulding 188 I
George W. Peck 1855-7
John T. Rich
ISSI
William A. Howard
1855-61
Roswell G. Horr ISSI
IIenry Waldron
1855-61
Jay A. Hubbell
ISSI
Omar D. Conger.
1869-8I
Randolph Strickland
1869-71
Henry Waldon
I871-5
Thomas W. Ferry IS7I
Jabez G. Sutherland
1871-3
Moses W. Field IS73-5
George Millard IS75-7
Julius C. Burrows 1873-5, 1879
Josiah W. Begale
1873-5
Isaac E. Crary 1835-41
Jacob M. Howard. 1841-43
Lucius Lyon I843-5
Robert McClelland 1843-9
James B. Hunt 1843-7
Edwin W. Keightley IS77-9
Jonas H. McGowan 1877
John W. Stone
1877
Edwin Willets IS77
H. W. Lord ISSI
In the political chapter of the county history, the names of State Senators and Representatives from Macomb are given, with a record of votes received.
F. C. Beaman
1861-71
R. E. Trowbridge
IS61-3
Charles Upson
IS63-9
John W. Longyear
1863-7
John F. Driggs
1863-9
101
POLITICAL STATISTICS.
The following tables show the politieal complexion of the several districts as now arranged, taking the vote for Congressmen in 1880 as the basis :
FIRST DISTRICT.
County.
Rep.
Del.
Green- back.
Wayne
15,962
15,38S
628
Republican plurality
574
Democratic and Greenback over Republican
54
SECOND DISTRICT.
Monroe
3,175
3.717
201
Lenawee
6,30S
5,431
265
Ilillsdale
4,857
2.435
914
Washtenaw
4,605
5,013
294
SIXTHI DISTRICT.
County.
Rep.
Dem.
Green- back.
Clinton
3,305
2,771
766
Ingham
3 953
3.387
1.031
Livingstone
2,820
2,914
$92
Genesee
4.747
2 126
2,173
Oakland
5.371
5,000
363
Total
20,226
16,2SS
4.525
Republican plurality
Democrat and Greenback over Republican
587
SEVENTH DISTRICT.
Macomb
3,000
3.283
IS.1
St. Clair
4.182
3,512
713
Lapeer
3.390
2,676
13S
Sanilac
2.133
1,329
179
lluron
1,773
1,19.
34
Total
1.4,618
11,994
1.248
Republican plurality
-3 944
Republican majority.
.2,696
EIGHTH DISTRICT.
Shiawassee.
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