USA > Michigan > St Clair County > History of the St. Clair County, Michigan, containing an account of its settlement, growth, development and resources.. > Part 57
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From January 16 to March 21, the command was continuously engaged in the vicinity of Knoxville. On the latter date it left en route for Annapolis, and there was attached to the Potomac Army. Every action from that of the Wilderness, May 6, to Poplar Spring Church, September 30, beheld the presence of this regiment. During the year, 90 were killed, 55 died of disease, 344 were wounded and 114 missing in action. The regiment closed its campaign at Petersburg in April. 1865; left for this State June 1, and received its discharge at Jackson, June 9, 1865.
TWENTY-FIRST MICHIGAN INFANTRY.
This regiment was organized at Ionia, under Commandant J. B. Walsh, in July, 1863, mus- tered in September 4, and left for the seat of war, under Col. Stevens. September 12. Its service began at Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, and finished at Bentonville March 19, 1865. The command returned, and was disbanded at Detroit June 27, 1865.
Discharged .- Judson Barrett, 1863.
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY.
This regiment was raised in the courties of St. Clair, Macomb, Oakland, Livingston, La peer and Sanilac; being what was then the Fifth Congressional District. Its rendezvous was at Pontiac, with Hon. Moses Wisner in command. The work of organization began luly 15, and was completed August 29, 1562, the day it was mustered into service. The field officers and staff were as follows: Moses Wisner. Colonel: Heber Lefevre, Lieutenant Colonel; William Sanborn, Major; A. P. MeCornell. Surgeon: Wells B. Fox, Assistant Surgeon: Edgar Weeks. Adjutant: Thomas C. Boughton, Quartermaster: Asher E. Mather, Chaplain. The Company officers are named as follows:
Company A-Captain, E. C. Hatten; First Lieutenant, E. M. Wisner; Second Lieuten- ant. William Albertson.
Company B-Captain, Alonzo MeKeeler: First Lieutenant. William Hulsart; Second Lion- tenant, H. W. Hlowgate.
Company C-Captain, John Atkinson: First Lieutenant, Jefferson J. Wilder: Second Lieutenant. John Sackett.
Company D-Captain, T. C. Beardsley; First Lieutenant, A. S. Matthews; Second Lieu- tenant. Elijah Suell.
Company E-Captain, Henry Carleton: First Lieutenant, Hazzard P. Wands: Second Lieutenant, Thomas C. Jackson.
Company F-Captain. A. Ashley: First Lieutenant, George W. Robertson; Second Lieu- tenant, Huber B. Pearson.
Company G-Captain. Joseph Goetz; First Lientenant. William C. Stockton: Second Lieutenant, Angustus Czizek.
Company H-Captain, H. S. Dean: First Lieutenant, William A. Smith; Second Lieuten ant, Lewis Brown.
Company 1 -- Captain, F. W. Kimberk; First Lientenant, Walter Bowers; Second Lieu- tenant. James Page.
Company K-Captain. Alexander G. Galbraith: First Lieutenant, Heury Briedenback; Second Lieutenant, St. John A. Simons.
September 4. 1862, the regiment left Pontiac en route to Kentucky 997 strong. A tlag was presented to the command by the young ladies of that city, which was presented by JJ. S. Dewey before the departure of the regiment. Col. Wisner died of typhoid fever at Lexington. Ky .. January 4. 1563. Maj. Dean's report, made December 23. 1863, deals historically with the military operations of the command from November, 1562, to the close of February, 1563. He states:
From November 1, 1862, to February 21. 1863, the regiment was encamped at Lexington, Ky., doing picket and provost guard duty. February 21. marched from Lexington to Danville. arriving at the latter place at 1 P. M., February 22. distance 35 miles. February 23, marched for Nicholasville, distance 21 miles arriving 7 A. M .. February 24: thence by rail to Lexington. distance 12 miles. Companies A. F. D. I. C. and HI, re- turned to old camp, one mile from Lexington. Companies E. K. G. and B. moved by rail to Cynthiana. distance 23 miles, arriving at 2 P. M., February 21. February 28, this detachment returned to Lexington by rail. Here the regiment remained in camp until March 21, when it moved by rail to Nicholasville, arriving at that place at 3 A. M., March 22. distance 12 miles: marched for Danville at 6 A. M. of the same day, arriving at that place at 4 P. M .. distance 21 miles: quartered the men for the night. March 28. S.A. M., moved out of town one mile iuto eamp: March 244, were attacked by the enemy under Gen. Pegram, and ro- ceived orders to fall back to Kentucky River bridge ( Hickman Bridge), which was accomplished with the loss of two men slightly wounded and one man taken prisoner. distance 12 miles, arrived at the bridge at ) A. M. March 25, at S A. M., marched out three miles on Danville road, when skirmishers found the enemy's picket, formed line of battle, kept up light skirmishing till 3 P. M., when the regiment was ordered to fall back to north side of Kentucky River, dis- tanco 43 miles. March 26, 5 A. M., moved to support of battery on bank of Kentucky River; 3 P. M., returned to camp. March 27, 9 A. M., marched for Nicholasville, arrived | P. M.,
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY
distance 9 miles. March 28, 5 A. M .. marched for "Camp Dick Robinson;" arrived there at 12 M., distance 13 miles. March 29, marched to Lancaster, distance 7 iniles. March 30, moved to Duck River, distance 3 miles: found the enemy had destroyed the bridge; marched back through Lancaster to Crab Orchard, distance 15 miles. March 31, marched from Crab Orchard to Buck's Creek. distance 17 miles. April 1, returned to Crab Orchard, 17 miles. April 2, marched to Stanford, distance 10 miles. Here the regiment went into camp and remained until April S, when it took its line of march for Lebanon, Ky. distance 44 miles; ar- rived at Lebanon April 10. 8 A. M. April 12, at 11 A. M., ordered to take cars for Nashville, Tenn .. leaving at 6 P. M., April 13, and arriving at Nashville 6 P. M .; 14th, quartered for the night in barracks: 15th, went into camp one mile out of the city; distance from Lebanon to Nashville, 150 miles. The regiment remained at Nashville, doing "interior " guard duty ntil September 5, when it moved by rail to Bridgeport, Ala., distance 122 miles, arriving there September 6; crossed pontoon bridge and encamped on the island in Tennessee River. Septem- ber 13, moved in light marching order for Rossville, Ga., distance 32 miles; reached Ross- ville September 14 and encamped; September 17, marched to Ringgold. Ga .. 15 miles. Sep- tember 1S, returned to Rossville. September 19, moved out on road northeast of the Ringgold road 3 miles; at 12 M .. crossed over to Ringgold road: here remained in line of battle until 9 A. M. September 20, were ordered to the left to re-enforce Gen. Thomas; became engaged at 2 P. M. The result of this engagement is shown by the accompanying report. What remained of the regiment returned to camp at Rossville, on the night of September 20. On the 21st. the regiment was ordered to the rear. On the 23d, it encamped on " Moccasin Point," on the north bank of the Tennessee River, 7 miles from Rossville. It was engaged at this place in building fortifications and doing pieket duty until October 28, when it was ordered to the south side of the Tennessee River. to the support of Gen. Hooker. Threw up rifle pits on hill commanding Lookout Valley, returning to camp on Moccasin Point October 30. At that time the regiment was attached to the Third Brigade. Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, that was acting with the Second Brigade. Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, Brig. Gen. Whittaker commanding, to whom the regiment is indebted for many acts of kindness and consideration. The regiment is now attached to the Engineer Brigade, commanded by Brig. Gen. William F. Smith, Chief Engineer of the Military Division of the Mississippi.
The marches of the regiment through Kentucky were performed at a season of the year when the roads were bad, and portions of the march were accomplished amid heavy falls of snow and rain, but under these trying circumstances the men of the Twenty-second. as they have always done. discharged their duty faithfully.
FORT WHITTAKER, OPPOSITE LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, NEAR CHATTANOOGA, October 12, 1863.
SIR-Having had the honor of commanding the Twenty-second Michigan, Col. Le Favour, in my brigade in the battle of Chickamauga, and being personally observant of their undaunted heroism, I send a copy of my report to advise you more especially, and a copy of the tabular statement accompanying, that you may see their loss. Let me urge you for the good of our service, and as a reward to a chivalrous officer, to use your influence for the promotion of Col. Le Favour.
Respect fully yours, etc .. W. C. WHITTAKER. Brigadier General Fourth A. C.
To the Governor of Michigan, Lansing. Mich.
The following is from the report of Col. Whittaker: * " My command was then moved by the flank in two lines at double quick time up the valley for nearly a mile, under a heavy fire of shell from a rebel battery. Several were killed and wounded in this charge. Arriving at the point occupied by Gen. Thomas, we found him sorely pressed and yielding stubbornly to superior numbers. I was directed to drive the enemy from a ridge on which he had concentrated his forces in great numbers. supported strongly by artillery, and was immi- nently threatening destruction of the right by a flank movement. Forming my command in two lines, Ninety-sixth Illinois on the right. Twenty-second Michigan on the left, and One Hundred and Fifteenth Illinois on the center of the first line. Both lines advanced then at a double quick against the enemy. The conflict was terrific: the enemy was driven nearly half a mile; rallying, they drove my command a short distance, when they in turn were driven again with great loss. Both lines had been thrown into the conflict on the second charge, and the
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY
whole line kept up a deadly and well directed tiro upon the enemy, who fought with great do. termination and vigor. The Twenty-second Michigan, affer fighting for nearly three hours, having exhausted their ammunition. boldly charged into the midst of overwhelning numbers with the bayonet, driving them, until overcome by superior members."
*
The following is from Lossing: " Wood had barely time to dispose his troops on the loft of Brannan before they were furiously attacked, the Confederates keeping up the assault by throwing in fresh troops as fast as those in front were repulsed. Meanwhile, Gen. Gordon Granger, who. at Rossville, had heard the roar of guns where Thomas was posted, had moved to his support. withoutorders, and appeared on his left flank at the head of Steedman's division of his corps. He was directed to push on and take position on Brannan's right, when Steed- man gallantly fought his way to the erest of the hill at the appointed place, and then turning bis artillery upon the assailants, drove them down the southern slope of the ridge with great slaughter. They soon returned to the attack, with a determination to drive the Nationals from the ridge. They were in overwhelming forco. and pressed Thomas in front and on both flanks. Finally, when they were moving along a ridge and in a gorge, to assail his right in flank and rear. Granger formed the brigades of Whittaker and Mitchell into a charging party, and hurled them against the Confederates, of whom Gon. Hindman was the commandor, in the gorge. They were led by Steedman, who, seizing a regimental flag, headed the charge. Vic. tory followed. In the space of twenty minutes. Hindman and his Confederates disappeared, and the Nationals held both ridge and gorge. The latter had lost heavily. Stoodman's horse was killed. and he was badly bruised by a fall, and Whittaker was stunned by a buffet and fell from his horse."
Col. Le Favour says of his regiment at Chickamauga. on September 20: " The second charge the rebels drove the brigade to the bottom of the hill. It was re-formed, marched up. and again took the erest. The regiment was ont of ammunition, and word was sent to Gen. Whittaker to that effect. . Yon must use your steel,' was the reply. The regiment rushed forward with fixed bayonets and empty muskets, under a most territie firo of grape and misket- ry, received the counter-charge of the enemy, repulsed and drove them at every point." * "Cartridges all gone. . You must use the bayonet,' says Gen. Whittaker to the Twenty- second. The enemy again furiously advance. The sun has gone down on that bloody field: in the twilight it is difficult to distinguish friend from foe. The Twenty-second rushes forward with bayonets fixed and empty muskets under a terrible fire of grape and musketry. meet the charge of the enemy. drive him at every point. Au order comes to . fall back:' 'tis too late: the regiment is closed in on both flanks, cut off. and darkness finds nearly all the living in the hands of the enemy. the dead on the field."
The following interesting account is by Col. John Atkinson, then a Captain in the regi- ment:
CAMP LE FAVOUR, NEAR CHATTANOOGA, September 29, 1863.
MR. EDWARD LE FAVOUR, DETROIT, MICH. :
Dear Sir-Knowing that many of the people of Michigan will look anxiously for news from our regiment, I take the liberty to give you what facts I can gather relating to the part it took in the late battle. From Brig. Gen. Whittaker I learn that on Friday, the 18th inst., he was ordered to advance with his brigade from Rossville toward Ringgold, as far as the Chickamauga River, take possession of the bridge and hold it without bringing on a general engagement. Hle met the rebels at 1 P. M. and fought till 5 P. M .. driving them, though more than two to one in numbers. On Saturday morning he was re enforced by Mitchell's and MeCook's brigades and by the Twenty-second Michigan and Twenty ninth Ohio, under Col. Le Favour. Col. Le Favour, with his command, was attached to Gen. Whittaker's brigade. That day and night were passed in line of battle, Sunday, at 9 A. M., the fight commenced on Gen. Thomas' line, which was broken and compelled to fall back. Gen. Whittaker was ordered to advance to the right and re-enforce Thomas at a point some four miles distant. Moving rapidly, be found the rebel cavalry in position to stop him, but soon drove them off, and succeeded in taking up His position near the right of Thomas' line. Steed- man, commanding First Division, reserve corps, received word from Thomas that the enemy must be driven from the hill to his right. Gen. Whittaker was ordered to the work and advanced in two lines, the first com- posed of the Ninety-sixth Winois, on the right. Que Hundred and Fifteenth Ilinois in the center, and Twen ty-second Michigan on the left: the Second and Fortieth Ohio on the right, Eighty fourth Indiana in the center, and Eighty ninth Ohio on the left and in rear of the Twenty second Michigan, both under Col. Le Favour. Charging on the enemy's lines, they drove them from the hill full half a mile. Here the robots
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IHISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
rallied, and Longstreet's corps came rushing down in masses eight lines deep. The gallant brigade received and repulsed them with terrible loss. Lieut. Col. Sanborn was wounded while in front of the regiment. The noise making it impossible to make himself heard from his place in the rear, and desiring to halt the line, he rushed in front, and just as he had succeeded in restoring order and halting his regiment, he received the wonnd. The Color Sergeant, Philo G. Durkee, was shot through the breast and face, and fell dead the first round. Corp. Stansell, of the color guard, from Company Il. grasped the colors, but had scarcely raised them when a ball passed through his head, killing him instantly. Corp. Vincent, Company C, lifted the colors, and a moment after received a hall in the thigh, wounding him severely. He was carried to the rear. First Sergt. William F. Atkinson took the colors, handing them to Sorgt. Kendall, Company C, who carried them the rest of the day, and had them when the regiment went into the last charge.
The second charge the rebels drove the brigade to the bottom of the hill. It was re-formed, marched up, and again took the crest. Col. Le Favour sent Gen. Whittaker word that his ammunition was exhausted. " You must use your steel," was the reply. And now the rebels advanced a third time. The sun had gone down. In the twilight it was difficult to distingnish friend from foe. The Twenty-second rushed forward under Col. Le Favour in person, with fixed bayonets and empty muskets, under a most terrific fire of grape and musketry, received the charge of the enemy. repulsed and drove them at every point. Gen. Steedman sent an order to fall back, but too late. Before it arrived the regiment was closed in upon by rebel hordes on both flanks and cut off. This brave charge. Gen. Steedman says, saved that portion of the army.
Gen. Whittaker, who fought at Shiloh and Murfreesboro, says he never heard such heavy musketry, and never saw such magnificent charges. He had four staff officers killed and received himself a slight wound in the side.
lle. Gen. Steedman and Gen. Gordon Granger behaved in a manner worthy of the men they led. Each was seen in advance of his staff, and where the danger was the greatest. Gen. Steedman's horse was shot under him. Gen. Granger received a bullet in his hat. Their bravery is the talk of the army, and their gal- lant conduct will never be forgotten. Dnring the entire fight Col. Le Favour rode along the line, his hat in one hand and drawn sword in the other, cheering on his men-and whose voice could cheer them like his? for not a heart in the brave band but loved him: not a man but would willingly die that his Colonel might live. Gen. Whittaker told me personally that he never saw soldiers behave more gallantly. Col. Sanborn is complimented by every one for his coolness and bravery. And more than one brave fellow has wept those tears which only brave men weep, on hearing that his wound will keep him from us for a long time, perhaps forever. Not merely as an officer did we all respect and honor him. Ilis great heart broke over those dis- tinctions that separate officers and men, and made him not only the commander but the brother.
Capt. A. M. Keeler is among the missing. lle must have been in command of the regiment on the sec- ond charge, and went into the third and last well. Ile and the Adjutant, Matthews, reported wounded and a prisoner, are said to have been everywhere along the line, encouraging and urging on their men. Capts. Snell, Wands, Galbraith and Goetz, when last seen, were severely wounded, probably mortally. Capt. Smith had his leg amputated. Lient. Ed. G. Spaulding was wounded on the first round through the hip. He went to the rear, but finding his wound less severe than he supposed, again returned to his company, and remained with it during the entire day, he being in command. Sergt. William F. Atkinson, Acting Second Lieutenant, was slightly wounded above the knee, but, binding his handkerchief around his leg, remained on the field Capt. Kimberk, Lieuts. Robertson, Hamilton, Button, Willets, Drake. Aid-de-Camp to Col. Le Favour Mead, Andrews and Albertson were uninjured previous to the third and last charge. Only Lieut. Albertson escaped, Capt. Kimberk not going to this charge.
Many are undoubtedly prisoners, but a number even of those must be wounded.
All behaved with the greatest gallantry. Drs. McConnel and Lawrence were on the field to the last, dressing the wounds and giving the necessary directions for the proper care of the disabled. They have the thanks of their comrades.
I send you lists of the killed, wounded and missing. It would undoubtedly gratify the friends of all to see them published, as the suspense and uncertainty attending the affair must be very great.
Michigan is again called upon to mourn many a gallant son; but a new glory has been added to her history. We pause in the great work to drop a tear, not for the brave who have fallen, but for the dear ones at home, to whose hearts a new sorrow has been brought.
What remains of the regiment is upon the hills on the north side of the river, just opposite Lookout Mountain, which is occupied and fortified by the rebels. Its present strength, not including the band, is 149 enlisted men, nine Lieutenants and two Captains. The Major and myself were on Gen. R. S. Granger's staff at Nashville up to the 13th inst., when we were relieved, by request. for the purpose of reporting to our regi- ment. We arrived here on the morning of the 22d. The armies lie in the presence of each other. From the hill where I write, I can see our troops fortifying the plains below, and the rebels the hills beyond them. Last night the line of each army could be traced by its camp fires. Another great battle, in which the whole force of the Southern Confederacy will be hurled upon our brave army, is expected to open at any hour.
I am, very truly, your obedient servant,
JOHN ATKINSON, Captain Company C, Twenty-second Michigan.
This regiment, which, on the 2d of November, 1863, had been detached from the Four- teenth Army Corps, and attached to the Engineer Brigade, remained at or near Chattanooga, Tenn .. until the 26th of May, 1864, engaged in the usual duties of the engineer service. From the 2d to the 21st of November it was employed in building a road from Chattanooga to Brown's Ferry, on the Tennessee River. On the 22d. it proceeded with a pontoon bridge up
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
the Tennessee River, and laid the same for the crossing of the command of Gen. Sherman to attack the rebel position on Mission Ridge. Returning to Chattanooga, the regiment threw a bridge across the river at that place, on the 25th, and on the Ist of December moved its camp to the foot of Lookout Mountain, and was employed until the 16th in repairing the railroad and the railroad bridges.
At the latter date the regiment moved into Chattanooga, where it was employed in building storehouses and similar duty. Detachments of the regiment were sent up the river, and employed in cutting and rafting timber to Chattanooga; others were engaged at Moccasin Point, in setting up a portable steam saw mill, and in getting out lumber. On the 19th of November, the regiment moved to Lookont Mountain, continuing its service as artisans and engineers for some months. On the 26th of May. it marched from Lookont Mountam. and on the 31st reported at headquarters of the Department of the Cumberland, then in the
field at Brown's Mill Creek, Ga. The Twenty second and the Ninth Michigan Infantry wore organized on the Ist of June into a brigade, to be known as the Reserve Brigade. Department. of the Cumberland. and the Former was detailed for provost duty. It participated in the move- ments of the Army of the Cumberland in its march to Atlanta. On the 6th of July. it moved to Vining's Station, on the Western Railroad, and on the 18th to Pace's Ferry, on the Chat- tahoochie River. The regiment was here employed in building bridges across the Chatta- hoochie. On the 21st of July, it marched toward Atlanta. On the 27th of August, it encamped at Red Oak, on the Montgomery Railroad, and on the 29th destroyed a portion of that road. On the 30th and Blst. the regiment marched toward Jonesboro, encamping south of that place on the 20 of September. Returning in the direction of Atlanta. it marched into that place on the Sth. and was employed until the 31st of October on provost. duty. At that dato it moved to Marietta. Ga .. eighteen miles toward Chattanooga.
On the 31st of October, 1861. the regiment left Marietta. as part of the escort to the head- quarters of Maj. Gen. Thomas, and arrived at Chattanooga November 6. having made the march of 138 miles in a little over six days. The Twenty-second formed a part of the Reserve Brigade. Army of the Cumberland. which was doing duty as provost guard of the department It ro- mained at Chattanooga during the winter at that duty, and furnishing guards for steamers leaving that port, and was also engaged in building barracks. On April 1, 1565, the regiment was transferred from the Reserve Brigade to the command of Maj. Gen. Steedman, command- ing the district of Etowah and on the 7th was assigned to the Third Brigade. Soparato Di vision. Army of the Cumberland, at Chattanooga. where it continued to serve until June 20 when it was orderel to Nashville, where it was mustored out of service on the 26th, and on the 27th left for Michigan by rail, ri Louisville, Indianapolis and Michigan City, and arriving at Detroit on the 30th. was there paid off' and discharged on the Hth of July.
The regiment while in service was engaged at Danville, Ky .. March 24. 1863; Hickman's Bridge, Ky., March 27. 1963; Pea Vine Urek, Tenn. September 17, 1963; MeAffer's Church. Fenn .. September 19, 1863; Chickamauga, Tenn. September 20. 1863; Wantahatchie (near Chattanooga). Tenn., September 25 to October 25, 4563: Mission Ridge, Tenn .. November 26. 1563: Atlanta, Ga., July 22 and 23. 1561.
This regiment had carried on its rolls 6,586. and its losses were 371. of which I officer and 52 men were killed in action; died of wounds. 2 officers and 27 men: of disease, 3 officers and 289 mon.
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