USA > Michigan > St Clair County > History of the St. Clair County, Michigan, containing an account of its settlement, growth, development and resources.. > Part 101
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WAR OF ISI ?.
In 1811, a few men forming a company known as the St. Clair Militia, assembled at Ft. Gratiot, subsequently at St. Clair: but when required to be present on review at Mt. Clemens that year, they could not be present, giving as a reason the want of timely notice.
In May, 1812, a company of artillerists camped at St. Clair, and toward the close of that month took up quarters on the site of the old Fort St. Joseph. This company is referred to in the following paper:
TROOPS CAMPED AT ST. CLAIR IN 1812.
Muster roll of a company of artillerists, under the command of Lient. Porter Hanks, in the regiment commanded by Col. Henry Burbeck, from the 31st day of May. when last mus tered, to the 30th of June. 1512, at Michilimackinac, Territory of Michigan. Many, if not all. of these men were present at the affair of July 17, 1812:
612
IIISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
NAME.
RANK.
REMARKS.
Porter Janks ..
First Lieutenant.
Archibald Danagh
First Lieutenant.
Sylvester Day
Second Mate.
John Penny.
Sergeant
Joseph Vaillencourt.
Sergeant
John Gordon
Sergeant
Noel Boudrie.
Corporal
Nathan Steward.
Corporal
Hough Kelley.
Corporal
Redmond Magrath.
Musician
Alexander Parks.
Musician.
Joseph Tacier .
Musician.
John B. Vaillencourt.
Musician
Henry Vaillencourt,
Musician
William Maxwell .
Artificer
Bartholomew Noble
Artificer
John Kane
Artificer
John O'Donnell
Artificer
Osborn Smith .
Artificer
John Whelpley
Artificer.
Joseph Benoine.
Private
Peter Bourdonne
Private
Robert H Boyd.
Private
Mathias Bromley.
Private
Peter Brown
Private
Edward Burleson
Private
Nathan Burr
Private
Jedediah Cannon
Private
John Davis .
Private
Pierre De Bourdeaux
Private
Jacob Farmer
Private
James Farrell
Private
Edward Fitzgerald.
Private
Francis Foote
Private
John Garlough
Private
Abel Gifford.
Private
John Gifford
Private
John Gerry
Private
William Harvey
Private
Henry Ilannion.
Private
Seth Holmes
Private
Richard Joel ...
Private
Joseph Le Reveisore
Private
Benjamin Luker.
Private
Michael McGill
Private
Thomas Murphey
Private
Thomas Mullen.
Private
Jonathan Nutt ..
Private
Ichabod O'Bryan.
Private
Pascal Peters.
Private
John Phillips
Private
Unfit for service.
John Pound.
Private
John B. Perrault
Private
William Redman
Private
Anthony Rabbillard
Private
Paulito St. Nichols.
Private
Noah Scott ..
Private
John B. Sylvester.
Private
John Sinnie
Private
Francis Vaillencourt
Private
Simeon Windell
Private
James Woodbeck
Private
John White
Private
Benjamin Weldon
Private
Anthony Sampitie.
Private
A boy learning music. Re-enlisted.
Reduced June 16.
Unfit for service. Re-enlisted. Transferred to Capt. Rood's Company.
Ro-enlisted.
Sick.
Unfit for service.
Surrendered himself from desertion at Detroit January 16, 1812.
-
Maurice Martin.
Corporal
613
IHISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
The fate of this command is related in the following letter. The account being from a British source:
MACKINAW, 18th July. 1812.
Dear Sir: I am happy to have it in my power to announce to you that Mackinac capitulated to us on the 17th inst. at It o'clock A. M., Capt. Roberts at our head, with a part of the Tenth British Volunteer Bat- talion. Mr. Crawford had command of the Canadians, which consisted of about 200 men; Mr. Dickenson, 113 Sioux, Forlavians, and Winebagoes: and myself about 280 men, Attawas and Chippewas, part of Attawas of L'harb-Croche had not arrived. It was a fortunate circumstance, the fort capitulated without firing a single gun, for had they done so, I firmly believe that not a soul of them would have been saved.
My son, Charles Longdale. Augustin Nolin and Machello Badotte, Jr., have rendered me great service in keeping the Indians in order, and in executing from time to time such commands as were delivered by the commanding officer. I never saw so determined a set of people as the Chippewas and Attawas.
Since the capitulation they have not drank a single drop of liquor, nor even killed a fowl belonging to any person (a thing never known before) for they generally destroy everything they meet with.
I am, dear sir. your most obedient servant,
The Hos. COL. W. CLAUS, etc. Fort George. JONS ASKIN, JR .. Storekeeper's Department.
THE FORT EN 1832.
Owing to the rebellion of Black Hawk aud his allies, the General Government was forced into prompt action. Nine military companies were detailed for service in the West, under command of Gen. Scott. This force arrived at Detroit July 1, 1832, where two of the troops were taken sick and deceased within a few hours. The Asiatic cholera was introduced into the upper lake region. The command hastened away from Detroit as from a plague spot. Arriv. ing al Ft. Gratiot. Gen. Scott garrisoned that post with 280 troops and a number of West Point students. Of the remainder who proceeded to Chicago, thirty died on the passage, and Their bodies were cast into the lakes. The mumber stationed at Ft. Gratiot diod ono after an- other at that post, or while flying from the ravages of the cholera. Almost all the students foll before this terrible pestilence.
The garrison at Ft. Gratiot was re-enforced in July, 1851, by the arrival of Company C, of the Fourth Infantry, from Detroit, which city was abandoned as a military station for the preset t. Two companies of the Fourth Regiment of Infantry were stationed at Ft. Gratiot with the following officers in command: Major. G. J. Rains; Brevet Major, B. Alvord: First Lieutenant. T. J. Montgomery: Second Lieutenant, JJ. M. Henry; Second Lieutenant. W. 1. Slaughter, and Surgeon, C. S. Tripler. Maj. Rains arrived from Green Bay, Lieut. Henry and Surgeon Tripler came with the company from Detroit.
The Cleveland Herald of April, 1556, makes the following kindly notice of the widow of one of the most gallant and noble-hearted officers ever connected with the army of our country: " Mrs. M. arrived homo some days since, and is now in the active discharge of her trust. Of course she is the most popular commandant the ancient stockade has over had. Lient. Mont- gomory, of the United States Army, not long since lost his life in the service in Oregon. His death left his widow. form rly Miss Northrop, of Akron, and one chill, in comparative pennry, as is generally the case with those who devote their lives to their country's service. She re- turned, and (en. Jessup, with the kindness of heart and chivalry which characterizes a brave soldier, immediately gave to her the trust of Ft. Gratiot, now unoccupied by a garrison ; a duty which she can fulfill, and the pay of which is very fair."
We find the following anecdote of the rebel chieftain in the Port Huron Times of the 29th of April, 1870: The Savannah firemen are said to have been greatly elated when Robert E. Lee sent them a note the other day accepting honorary membership. Well, perhaps it was an honor. Time works changes, and perhaps Robert E. Lee is an honorable man now. But years ago, when he was stationed at Ft. Gratiot, he tried to sneak ont of paying a bill he owed to Mr. Charles Flugal, then the proprietor of a bakery in this city, and still a respected resident. here. But Robert couldn't outwit Mr. F., and that gentleman ransacked the garrison and puiled the chivalrous son of the South from behind a door where he had tried to hide, shook him slightly, and notified him that unless the bill was paid within one hour a constable would wait on him. Chivalrous Robert lost no time in following Mr. Flugal to the city and meckly settled the bill.
The body of Corporal Frederickson, belonging to one of the Companies stationed at F't.
614
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
Gratiot, was found in the St. Clair River near Sombra. C. W .. nearly opposite Newport, June 7. 1866. It will be recollected that on the night of the 12th of May, he, in company with George Bishop, a private in one of the companies stationed at the Fort, was out in a boat on the river. fishing. and that Bishop returned to shore without him, reporting that he had fallen overboard and was drowned. A Coroner's inquest was held at Ft. Gratiot on June S, when the following verdict was given: "Corporal Frederickson came to his death on the evening of the 12th of May. 1566, by the hands of one George Bishop, a private of Company E, Second Battalion. Seventeenth Regiment, United States Infantry." Bishop was tried for mur- der before the United States Court at Detroit, and received his sentence of death from Judge Wilkinson. The terms of the sentence provided for liis hanging ou October 7. 1866.
MILITARY RESERVATION.
An act of the Legislature. approved May 9. 1546, ceded to the United States a tract of 612 acres round Fort Gratiot. between Black River and the St. Clair, for military purposes. on condition that the State hold a concurrent jurisdiction with the United States in civil and crim- inal matters. Under authority of an act. approved January 27. 1853, the State of Michigan ceded to the United States a tract of land at the month of Pine River. for light-house purposes. Another tract was ceded on the St. Clair Flats. by Legislative act, approved February 5, 1853.
The sale of lots in the Military Reservation commenced on December 14, 1870. The total number of lots sold was 95-fourteen blocks. The amount realized was $17.843. the av- erage price per lot being $151.25. The sales were as follows:
Thomas W. Ward. lot 1. block 1, $100: lot 1. block 2. 8115: lot 1, block 3, $130; lot 1, block 4, $150: lot 6. block 5, 8153; lot 6. block 6. 8143; lot 9, block 4, $115.
John MI. Gillett, lot 2, block 1. $150; lot 2, block 2. $170.
A. N. Moffat. lot 2, block 5, $517; lot 2, block 6, 8250
George Fish. lot 2, block 7. $205: lot 2. block S. $215: lot 10, block 7. 8103; lot 10, block 8. 8147.
Frank P. Goldie, lot 2. block 3. 8249: lot 2. block 4. $360.
William Jenkinson, Richmond, lot 1, block 1. $352: lot 1, block 2, $313: lot 3, block 1, $410: lot 4, block 7, 8161: lot 5. block 7, $100. George E. Brockway, lot 3, block 2. 8225. James Goulden. lot 3, block 3, $360; lot 3, block 4. 8510: lot 3. block 5, $405.
William Marr, lot 4. block 1. $176.
Charles Dane, lot 12, block 7, 8416: lot 4, block 2. 8125.
Burnet Butler. lot 4. block 3, $125.
C'. Paille, lot 4, block 4, $126.
Charles Baer, lot 4. block 5. $126: lot 4. block 6. $116.
Thomas K. Whitman. lot 4. block S. 8272.
Edmund Atkinson, lot 5, block 1. $110.
F. L. Burke, lot 5. block 2. 852: lot 5. block 3. $96.
D. McKeller. lot 5. block 6. 593.
John Keveney. lot 5, block S, $151.
D. B. Harrington, lot 6, block 1, $140; lot 11. block 9, $280; lot 9, block 7, $123; lot 10, block 3. 890: lot 10. block 4. 8102.
Robert Walsh, lot 6, block 2. $137; lot 13, block 6, $305.
Otis Joslyn. lot 6, block 3. $140; lot 6, block -. $160.
H. B. O Neill, lot 6. block 7. $137; lot 7. block -, SS6; lot S. block 4. $70: lot 13, block 7, 5206: lot 13. block 5, $236: lot 6. block S. $166: lot 7. block 2, $101; lot 7, block 3, $162. John Walsh, lot 7, block 5. $106; lot 7. block 6, $110.
Thomas Burke. lot ?, block 5. $93.
Skinner & Ames, lot S. block 5. 895: lot S. block 6. $107.
Thomas Walsh, lot 9, block 1. $159.
William D. Wright. lot 9. block 2. $125: lot 9. block 3, 8119.
615
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
S. S. Ward. lot S. block -, $\2: lot 9, block 6, $115: lot 5. block 4. $132: lot 5. block 5, $132: lot S. block 1. $102: lot S. block 2. $59.
Mary Crawford, lot 9. block 5. $127.
John Braithwait. lot 9. block S. $170.
John Vergin. lot 10. block 1. $120.
Charles Steinborn. lot 10. block 2. $95.
John Delonga. lot 10, block 5. $112: lot 11. block 5. $155.
S. Goodman. lot 10. block 0. $52.
William Le Blanc. lot 11. block 3. 8220.
John Miller, lot 37. block 4. $103; lot 14. block 3. $159.
John Asman. lot 11. block 6. $237: lot 11. block 7. $151: lot 11. block S. $176.
William Hartsuff. lot 12. block 1. $240: lot 12. block 2. $233: lot 12. block 3. $200; lot 12. block 4 - $254: lot 13. block 3. $211: lot 13. block 4. $355.
Henry Howard. lot 12. block 5. 8200: lot 12. block 6. $210; lot 12. block S. $360: lot 12, block 9. 8520.
James Goulden. lot 13. block 15. $119: lot 13. block 2. $150.
Charles Sanburg. lot 13. block 5, 8350: lot 14. block 2. $175.
James M. Twiss. lot 14. block 1, $110.
The sales took place on the grounds. MIr. John W. Twiss, auctioneer. Maj. Po- was pres- ent during the sale. The total number of lots offered was 240. of which 95 were sold.
Two hundred and forty lots. or sixty acres, on the Military Reservation, were sold Decem- ber 16. 1570, at an average price of $172.57 per lot. The large-t sum paid for a single lot was $520 for lot 9. block 12. by Howard & Co. MIr -. Clara J. O'Neil bought seventeen lots. the greatest number purchased by a single bidder: Fish. Harrington and Moses bought twelve lots: James Goulden. nine: S. S. Ward. W. D. Wright and William Hartsuff. eight lot- each. and T. W. Ward. seven lots.
The sale of the remaining portion of the Fort Gratiot Military Reservation. August 30, 1SS1. includel all the old cemetery grounds in the city. being about forty acres in all. and seventeen acres lving north of the cemetery ground -. The proceeds of the sale of the cemetery grounds will go to the city. and of the other to the Government. The cost of removing bodies from the cemetery will be paid from the process of the sale.
The old garrison buildings at Fort Gratiot were torn down in May. 1552. Only three now remain of all that fronted on the handsome little square that overlooked the Grand Trunk depot. The hill itself will soon be cut down to the dead level of the present depot grounds. and the place it stood on covered by railroad tracks. The white walls of the old fashioned build- ings. that gleamed a welcome to incoming ships for two generations. that stood there when all around them was an unbroken wildernes -. have pa -- ed away forever. It seems, to old resi- dent». like losing sight of a dear oll friend. whose face has been many years familiar through storm and sunshine.
The old fort! It has sheltered in its time. many a gallant soldier, and been the home of men whose name- became eminent in the nation's history. Dear oll memories cla-ter around it. Within its walls many a hopeful career began. and brave young hearts >welled with the first glory of martial life.
But the time came when its day of usefulness was over. In recent years it has served a- a pleasant station for soldier- weary of the exposure and danger of life on the Western frontier. Now it gives way to the railroad in the march of improvement. It will not be many weeks before even the very ground it stood on will have vielded to the advance of the -team shovel. and been carried away to till in the depot grounds on the south -ide of the river So that por tion of the city will become. more than ever. historie ground.
On May 22. 1>>2. a skeleton was found lying on the floor of one of the remaining hyl > of the old fort. It was then necessary to find the man who) unearthed the skeleton. and in a few minutes he was found. He stated that it was buried beneath the four of the kitchen at- tached to the house which was occupied by the surgeons and their as-i-tanis The skeleton was covered by only twelve or fifteen inches of earth. and appeared to be lying on - me bark. The
616
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
head was against the stone wall, and tied up in canvas, on which were blood stains. An iron spike, six inches long, with hair sticking to it, was also found near the head. The skull was in a good state of preservation, and the two rows of teeth were very fine and perfect. A num- ber of small black beads and two bone knife handles were lying near the neck. All the bones were found. except the legs. The hair of the head was a rusty brown color. The man who found the skeleton thinks it is that of a squaw.
Throughout the State, many localities formerly occupied by forts, cantonments, block- houses, magazines and navy yards, the potatoe fields, farms, commons, where the cattle graze, and graveyards were, are now compactly built over with buildings occupied by an enterpris- ing population, whose busy hum has so changed the scene of former times that the ancient habitant and those born and reared in the land are scarcely able to recognize it. Never were the following historic lines more appropriate than in the case of Fort Gratiot:
"On lawn and slope-the red man's late abode- The steam horse rushes on an iron road. The steeple rises and vast granaries groan With products of wide realms by commerce made our own;
Ponds where the sportsman hunted duck and plover,
Now with parterres and parks are covered over. Green lanes through which the habitant alone Drove his chariot, to spacious streets have grown, Paved with cobbles, which perplexed the shore Of this blue ' strait '-by trade not docked of yore;
Straits whose clear depths no pirogue's keel could reach,
Now sullenly give back the screw tug's awful screech. Fresh from the ' back concession '-what surprise llInmes Jean Crapeau's honest. wond'ring eyes, To see the terrace where the rampart frowned.
With lofty pile of brick and mortar crowned. Alas ! what greater change upbraid the modern place Containing now a less contented race, The simple virtues of the olden time Exchanged for coin-the more almighty dime."
GRATIOT LIGHT.
Fort Gratiot Light-House is numbered 48, and located in 40> 22" north latitude, and lon- gitude 82' 24' 44" west of Greenwich. It is in the Eleventh Inspection District, which com- prises all the lake coast above Detroit, of which Com. A. Murray is Inspector, headquarters at Detroit. It was built in 1825. and refitted in 1862. It is $2 feet high from the surface of the lake, and supplied with an F. V. F. light; a fixed white light, varied with flashes at intervals of two minutes; and has what is known as the third order of lens. An interesting record of progress is connected with the forty-seven years of its history.
The building containing the fog whistle stands 100 feet north of the light-house. It is of wood, 18x30 feet in size, sided up on the outside and ceiled within, with a shingle roof, cement floor and painted without, including the roof. Inside, the north part is fitted for storing the fuel, mostly hard coal, wood being used only for kindling.
In the center of the rest of the building stands the upright flue boiler, which generates the all-potent steam. It is six feet high, including the base, which latter is 3x4 feet in size. 30 inches high, and contains the fire box, besides, forming the bed on which the engine rests. The back of the base is in circular form, corresponding to the main portion of the boiler above, which is 30 inches in diameter, and contains SS flues 13 inches in diameter. The engine rests on the base immediately over the fire, has a horizontal motion and is of two-horse power, hav- ing a three-inch cylinder, ten inches long and six-inch stroke. The balanee wheel is intended to run at a speed of 120 revolutions per minute, or two to a second; and by means of an end- less screw turns a wheel with 120 cogs, each representing one revolution, or half a second. On this wheel is a cam, which opens a valve and operates the whistle eight seconds out of every minute. It requires 90 to 95 pounds of steam to run it on time.
The whistle is just above the roof, and is six inches in diameter. Larger ones were tried, but required more steam than the boiler could furnish. The boiler and machinery were made.
617
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
and put up by the Detroit Locomotive Works, under the direction of Gen. Poe, United States Engineer, and being the first of the kind upon the lakes, may be considered a most successful experiment. The eccentric George MeDougal was among the first if not the first keeper of this light-house. He was a well-educated man, singular in many respects, decidedly a Britisher in sympathies and ideas, yet a man who won the regard of the United States anthorities at Detroit in Territorial days.
The cholera which was prevalent in 1522 and 1842, created some excitement among the inhabitants of the town, yet no panic followed, as would be the case in thickly settled communities. But in those days, men. and women, too, for that matter, were callonsed to fear, and insensible to circumstances that would to-day be regarded as critical. The type of men and women who flourished in the carly history of the West were radically different from those who came after, in many instances; more of bone and muscle, and loss of superthous matter, than possess types of succeeding generations: more of genuine gold and less of gilt; more common sense and less of sugar candy. As communities are built up and their influence is extended, they become wealthier, and thereby educate an effeminacy, which is expressed in the deterioration of the energies. capacities and endurance of those who are directly benefited by these pecuniary accretions.
ESTABLISHMENT OF FT. GRATIOT VILLAGE.
In 1880, the first steps were taken toward the establishment of a village government in the settlement of Ft. Gratiot. In ISSI, the question was presented to the Supervisors' Board in the form of a petition. of which the following is a copy: "The undersigned legal voters re- siding within the territory hereinafter named, respectfully ask its incorporation into a village to be called . Ft. Gratiot', represent to said Board as follows:
"First-We have caused an accurate census of the resident population of such territory to be made, the taking of which was intrusted to Julius Granger, and who commenced the same on the 21st day of December, A. D. 1880. and completed the taking thereof on the 31st day of December, A. D. ISSO, all within ten weeks of the time of presenting this application, and the number of inhabitants residing in this territory is 1,300.
"Second -The consus taken aforesaid represents the name of the head of every family resid- ing within such territory on the day the same was completed and during the taking thereof (nono having removed while it was in progress), and it also represents the number of persons belonging to each family. And the samo with its proper affidavit verifying it, written and sworn to by the person taking the same, hereto attached and marked Exhibit . A' and made a part of this petition.
"Third -Your petitioners have caused notice of this application to be given and published pursuant to law, and we submit herewith a copy of such notice and proof of the publieation thereof as required by statute.
"Fourth-The territory which your petitioners desire to have incorporated into the village of Ft. Gratiot as aforesaid is not now included in any incorporated village, and it contains a resi- dent population of more than three hundred persons to every square mile included within its boundaries.
"Fifth -These petitioners therefore ask your honorable body to incorporate as a village under the namo aforesaid the following territory situated in the township of Ft. Gratiot, in the county of St. Clair, and State of Michigan, viz. : Bounded on the west by Pine Grove avenue, as extended northwesterly from the north boundary of the city of Port Huron, being a continu ation of the avenue of the same name in the said city; on the south by the north line of the city of Port Huron: on the east by the center of the River St. Clair and Lake Huron; on the north by the north line of Lots 18, 25, 27. 30, 31 and 1 in the subdivision of the MeNeil traet so called, being parts of Section 34 and 35, in Township 7 north, of Range 17 east, in said township of Ft. Gratiot. And your petitioners will over pray, etc.
"R. E. French, George S. Merritt, David Shannon. W. G. Staw, O'Brien J. Atkinson. W. H. iam Fowler. Adolphus Phoenix, Joseph Winegar, Columbus Pheonix. Thomas Southerland. T. P. Phoenix, L. E. Tarraor, S. W. Merritt, James McDoniel, Walter F. Busby, J. Hazlewood. W.
618
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
J. Stewart, R. A. Hammond, Thomas Dow, Thomas Basendale, John Dent, Thomas Watson, T. French, lohn B. Ross and W. L. Rettie."
The action taken by the board in his matter is given in the official report as follows:
"Moved by E. White, supported by R. Shutt, that it be referred to the Committee on Divis- ion and Erection of Townships. The Committee on Division and Erection of Townships made a report in writing. Moved by G. W. Carleton, supported by Townsend Lymburner, that the report of committee be submitted and spread upon the journal. Unanimously carried. TO THE HONORABLE THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF THE COUNTY OF ST. CLAIR:
" Your Committee on Erection of Townships, to which was referred the petition and pa- pers in reference to the village of Ft. Gratiot, respectfully report: The petition appears to be in conformity to Chapter 129 of Compiled Laws, pages 11.12. The proposed territory contains over thirteen hundred people within less than one mile square, and is not included within any village and city. We find that the petitioners, more than fifteen in number, all reside within the proposed territory. We find the census attached to the petition to have been taken acen- rately properly verified. We also find that dne notice has been given of the application as re- quired by law that proof thereof accompanies such petition. We further report that we have heard all parties interested in the matter who asked to be heard, and we would recommend the adoption of proper resolution incorporating such village, of which respectfully submit Freder- ick Lindo. Frank Ufford. Martin Stapleton."
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