USA > Missouri > St Louis County > St Louis City > History of Saint Louis City and County, from the earliest periods to the present day: including biographical sketches of representative men > Part 128
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" NOTICE .- The Committee of Public Health hereby give notice that they have made arrangements for the immediate reception of all indigent persons suffering with cholera at the Hotel for Invalids, corner of Second and Walnut Streets; at
1578
HISTORY OF SAINT LOUIS.
the St. Louis Hospital, corner of Spruce and Fourth Streets ; at the City Hospital, and at the public school-houses in the First . and Sixth Wards.
"Suitable cars for the conveyance of the sick will be kept in waiting at the various hospitals, and also at tho public school-houses in the Fourth and Fifth Wards, and will be sent immediately on application to the parties in need of thein. Tho block inspectors and all friends to humanity arc requested to use their endeavors to have all indigent persons attacked with the epidemic removed from their dwellings to the hos- pitals at the earliest possible moment, as upon this depends the greatest chance of relief being afforded.
" The Committee of Health have recommended that Monday (to-morrow) shall be observed as a day of humiliation, fasting, and prayer. As a Christian community, and recognizing the overruling power of Providence, this recommendation will not be disregarded. Never was there a time in the history of any city that more imperiously demanded a humble and contrite appeal to the interposition of the Almighty than now exists in St. Louis. The churches and all religious denominations, we have no doubt, will cordially and zealously unite in observing the recommendation. All must admit its propriety and ne- cessity.
"Every good and right-thinking man will, out of respect to the religious opinions and belief of his neighbors, give it his acquies- cence. He will close his store or place of business and sur- render the day to the purposes indicated, and permit those in his employ to participate in devotional exercises, and to enjoy some relaxation from toil. The prompt and hearty co-operation of the citizens thus far in all the recommendations and sugges- tions of the committee gives assurance that this request will be strictly observed by all.
" In compliance with the recommendation of the Committee of Health, we will not issue a paper on Tuesday morning. Advertisers for that day will please send in their favors to- day."
On July 4th there was the following mortality :
" Total, one hundred and sixty in all, one hundred and twenty- eight of cholera. This report shows five more deaths from cholera than has occurred any day since the epidemic has pre- vailed in our city."
And new and greater additions were made to the authority of the Committee of Public Health :
" Yesterday evening the City Council passed an ordinance vesting in the mayor and Committee of Public Health the necessary powers to enforce quarantine regulations on all emi- grants from shipboard, and on all sick, diseased, infectious, or . unclean persons. The ordinance, we have no doubt, will receive the sanction of the mayor."
The weekly report at this time was enough to cause a panic :
" By the daily report made to the register's office, for the week ending Sunday last, it appears the total number of inter- ments was as follows :
In all.
Cholera.
Monday .
127
99
Tuesday
114
94
Wednesday
140
115
Thursday
155
123
Friday ..
162
119
Saturday
122
83
Sunday ..
125
100
Total for the week 945
On July 6th we are told,-
"Yesterday afternoon His Honor the mayor, Dr. Barret, the visiting physician, and several other gentlemen visited the quarantine grounds, and were well satisfied with the arrange- ment and condition of the persons there. As yet the committee have not been able to perfect their arrangements, but in the course of to-day and to-morrow they will have accommodations erected on shore sufficient for any present probable demand.
" There are now at the quarantine ground one hundred and one persons, all of whom are comfortably provided for on board the steamboat ' St. Louis.' These are all Germans, of whom thero were yesterday evening only four sick, two women and two children. An Englishman landed at the quarantine ground died yesterday, the only death that had occurred up to a late hour last evening. Dr. Haussler, a German, is resident physi- cian at quarantine. Dr. Carrow continues to perform the duties of health officer. Ho is stationed at the Montesano House with a boat and crew, and boards all boats from the South."
The point selected for quarantine was the lower end of Arsenal Island. July 16th the following is re- ported :
" The following shows the number of interments daily for the week ending yesterday :
In all.
Of Cholera.
Monday.
125
101
Tuesday.
184
145
Wednesday.
144
115
Thursday.
136
105
Friday.
110
87
Saturday
131
89
Sunday
92
58
922
700
July 19th,-
" The total number of interments in the several cemeteries of the city for the week ending Monday, July 16th, is shown by the following table, copied from the register's official report :
Cemeteries.
Of Cholera.
Of other Diseases.
City ....
150
47
Holy Ghost.
66
28
Lutheran.
26
12
St. Vincent.
39
19
German Protestant.
63
3L
Catholic (old)
١٠٠
94
39
Catholic (new).
64
15
Wesleyan
52
9
Methodist
38
15
Christ Church
26
9
Presbyterian
10
4
Baptist ..
9
0
United Hebrew
2
0
" Total for the week, 867.
" Of the above number, 197 were children of the age of five years and under."
July 22d,-
" The following table shows the number of interments each day for the week ending Saturday, the 21st :
Of Cholera. Other Diseases.
Sunday.
58
34
Monday.
61
27
Tuesday.
61
23
Wednesday
50
34
Thursday .
36
30
Friday
37
29
Saturday'
33
20
336
197
Cholera.
.....
336
733
639
228
533
1579
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION.
" For the same period last week there were 722 deaths from cholera and 215 from other diseases. Compared with the same period the previous week, the ahove table shows a decrease of 386 deaths from the cholera and 18 from other diseases."
The disease now suddenly lost its terrors, and the mortality fell off at once almost to nearly normal rates. The causes of this were (1) the new quarantine ar- rangements ; (2) a general betterment in the state of the atmosphere and temperature ; (3) a general flight of citizens from the place. This last cause probably was much more efficient than the others in checking the ravages of the pestilence. The proof that there was such a general expatriation at this time is found in the sudden drop in the number of deaths from other diseases besides cholera between the middle of July and the middle of August.
On August 8th, the journal heretofore quoted said,-
" The following report is copied from the statements of the several sextons, made to the register, for the week ending Mon- day, the 6th. It exhibits a greatly reduced mortality in this city, and the almost total disappearance of the cholera from among us. It justifies us, also, in inviting the return of our own citizens, and the visits of all who have business or desire intercourse with us. The re-establishment of quarantine regulations and proper attention to cleanliness of our streets will insure us against any further disease during the present season :
Cemeteries.
Total. Cholera.
Under Five Years.
German Protestant
18
5
12
Baptist
5
1
3
Methodist
6
2
3
Christ Church
9
3
4
Wesleyan.
6
3
1
St. Vincent.
11
1
4
1
5
Lutheran
4
0
4
Holy Ghost
16
3
7
Catholic (old).
20
3
14
(new)
20
5
3
City
28
7
9
United Hebrew
0
0
0
152
34
72"
The same paper reviews the facts and points the moral of the epidemic in the excellent article which follows :
" We have taken the trouble to procure from the register's office an authentic statement of the whole number of interinents in the cemeteries of this city from the 23d day of April to the 6th day of August, 1849. The laws of this State in regard to interments in public hurial-grounds are very severe, and we have no reason to suppose that they have been disregarded in any instance. In some cemeteries it is understood that they report a greater number of deaths, for two or three weeks, than is here set down, amounting to some fifty or sixty, hut we ac- eount for the discrepancy hy supposing that there were cases of interments of persons dying at the coal-mines, several miles from the city, and in which no regular certificates, such as the law requires, were furnished. It has been stated that large numbers of persons dying in St. Louis have been interred in Illinois and in the surrounding country, of which no note has heen taken. We do not believe this is true to any considerable extent, and we are quite certain that more persons have been
brought to the city graveyards from ahroad, for the purpose of interment, than have been taken from the city with a view to interment elsewhere.
"What a fearful tale is told in this chronicle of death's doings ! In a little over one hundred days six thousand per- sons have heen committed to the grave, and this out of a popu- lation of less than sixty thousand ! This is an awful mortality, perhaps greater than has ever occurred in any city of the United States with the same population. It is to he observed, however, that a good many hundreds of these persons were not really citizens of St. Louis, but had just landed here, hringing the seeds of death within them, and, still more unfortunate, carrying death into whatever quarter they went. To this cause, indeed, is to he attributed a vast portion of the mortality which has been recorded ; and if the people are wise they will avoid, as far as possible, contributing to similar epidemics hereafter, hy insisting upon greater regard to cleanliness and the proper ventilation of the houses occupied hy these people, and hy com- pelling the owners of all such places as ' Shepard's Graveyard' to fill them up and put the houses in proper and healthy condition. There are numberless such places in the city, and we only specify this one hecause the people are more familiar with it than with others.
"TABLE OF INTERMENTS in the several public cemeteries at- tached to St. Louis from the 23d day of April to the 6th of August, 1849.
Total.
Cholera.
Under · Five Years.
For the week ending April 30.
131
41
50
May
7
135
78
28
14.
273
185
46
66
66
28
IS6
115
44
"
June
4
...
These figures, in fact, were below, not above the frightful aggregate, as the revised table given in a preceding page proves. The results of this terrible pestilence, which retarded the city's progress tempo- rarily, were important in their bearing upon the im- provements made in the city's sanitary condition. Better quarantine arrangements were at once made ; better provision for cleanliness in streets and high- ways, and improvements in every other sanitary re- gard. But, more than all, the determination to give St. Louis a thorough and effective sewer and drainage system was a consequence of this epidemie.
The cholera could not be completely got rid of for several years. In January, 1852, the following table was made up from the register's records :
Tahle showing the weekly mortality of St. Louis during the years 1849-51.
Total.
Cholera.
Deaths in 1849.
8431
4144
1850
4595
872
1851
4377
791
...
144
75
34
66
66
11
283
191
72
66
18.
510
404
106
25
163
589
164
66
July
2 ..
9
16 ...
...
867
639
197
23 ..
442
269
140
30 ..
225
93
94
Aug. 6 ..
152
34
72
5989
4060
1493"
21.
192
127
24
...
...
903
619
230
773
591
192
Presbyterian.
9
-
...
1580
HISTORY OF SAINT LOUIS.
There was a slight outbreak of the cholera in 1855, but the disease did not again visit St. Louis with any violence until 1866. In that year it became epidemic once more, and threatened at one time to get beyond control, as it had done in 1849.
The approach of the disease, slow and gradual, was not unheeded by the citizens who bore 1849 still fresh in their memories. The newspapers recited the history of that stricken year as an example, and some of the articles written on the subject have a positive value, for example,-
· "As early as 1847, the first year of that decade so remarkable for the vast immigration from Europe, there were numerous cases of ship fever, some of which were brought to St. Louis, and communicated the contagion of that disease to some of our citizens. The next year, cholera prevailing in Europe, the emigrant ships brought over a great deal of disease, which was prononnced cholera ; and in the latter part of the year infected New Orleans, where, before January, 1849, cholera had as- sumed an epidemic form. The New Orleans Picayune of Dec. 14, 1848, noticed the arrival of the ship 'Swinton,' from Havre, with German emigrants, after a passage of only thirty-nine days, and sixteen deaths on the passage, which were subse- quently acknowledged to have been of cholera. On the 27th of that month there was an alarm in St. Louis on account of deaths supposed to be from cholera, on board the steamer ' Alton,' from New Orleans. The cholera prevailed through the winter months in New Orleans, and on all the boats from thence going np the Mississippi and Ohio there were cases of it. On the 17th of January the St. Louis board reported six cases of local origin, though it was doubted whether so early as this there were any cases not traceable to communication with New Orleans. An ice-blockade in February stopped navigation, and little mention of the disease was made until its reopening. On the 28th of March the St. Lonis Board of Health reported twenty- four cases of cholera for the week before, mostly from New Orleans. On the 9th twenty-six cases for the week were re- ported, but only four residents of the city. During April and May the cholera broke out at several points on the Missouri River, and was on every boat on the Mississippi and Missouri. On the 8th of May, in St. Louis, the weekly deaths by cholera had gone np to one hundred and seventy-eight, and on May 14th to one hundred and eighty-five, but fell off for two weeks after the great fire."
And so forth, the article concluding with a pretty complete account of the course and progress of the pestilence by way of warning. This article was written in April, but the disease did not break out until July. On the 9th of August one of the daily journals reported the progress it had made in the fol- lowing terms, which, though calm and cautious, give evidence of the little under-current of alarm :
" As was to be anticipated from the prevalence of the disease throughout the country and the unusual heat of the weather, some cases of sporadic cholera have occurred in this city. Su far, however, the cases have been comparatively few and iso- lated, and have mostly occurred among persons whose constitu- tions were weakened and deteriorated by vicious or irregular habits, or whose residence and modes of living were unfavorable to health.
"Since the appearance of the disease the members of the Board of Health, the mayor, and other city officers connected with the health department, have been actively engaged in taking precautionary measures, and endeavoring to improve the somewhat objectionable sanitary condition of the city, and to this end, at a recent meeting of the Board of Health, the fol- lowing address to the citizens was promulgated :
""'ST. LOUIS, Mo., Aug. 8, 1866. ""'TO THE CITIZENS OF ST. LOUIS :
"' As it is now fully ascertained by the Board of Health of the city of St. Louis that there are some cases of cholera among us, and having taken all the precautions in our power, we would most earnestly request of the citizens of St. Louis to assist us in carrying out the sanitary regulations of the city.
"' JOHN FINN, "' President of Board of Health. "' I hereby cordially concur in the above recommendations. "' JAMES S. THOMAS, "' Mayor of St. Louis.'"
The disease made progress, but active steps were taken to meet it. Under date of August 11th we read that,-
"The sudden and unusual coolness of Thursday night, fol- lowed by the close murky atmosphere of yesterday, resulted, as might be expected, in a somewhat increased number of cases of cholera. Forty-three cases were reported at the health office. Many of these, however, were of a mild character, yielding easily to medical treatment.
"The following are the names of the physicians appointed by the board to attend to those unable to pay :
"First District, D. A. Roach. Orders can be left at the drug store on Carondelet Avenue between Russell and Anne.
"Second District, Dr. William S. Golding. Leave orders at his office, corner Fourth and Walnut.
"Third District, Dr. S. T. Newman, corner of Washington Avenue and Fifth Street.
"Fourth District, Dr. R. B. McAuliff, corner of Broadway and Carr.
"Fifth District, Dr. James O. Gallaher. Orders can be left at 722 Broadway, Tenth Ward, and at James McBride's drug store, on Fifth between O'Fallon and Biddle.
" They also resolved to appoint two drug stores in each ward at which medicines can be obtained by poor people frce of charge."
On the 16th, the following was issued :
" MAYOR'S PROCLAMATION.
" MAYOR'S OFFICE, "ST. LOUIS, Aug. 15, 1866.
" Whereas, It has been represented to me that the wants of those suffering from cholera might be alleviated and the sani- tary condition of the city more fully attained by the appoint- ment of a number of citizens in each ward, whose duty it should be to inquire into the condition of the infected neighborhoods, to use such remedies as necessity demands by supplying to the poor medical advice, having medicines made up for them, and using disinfectants.
" Now, therefore, I, James S. Thomas, mayor of the city of St. Louis, do hereby appoint the following citizens, and request them to carry out the objects above set forth :
"First Ward, Col. Koehler, Col. Vahlkamp, John C. Finck, Charles Strittwetter, Toney Faust, George Meisbach.
" Medicines will be supplied at drug store 259 Carondelet Avenue; also at Mol's drug store, Carondelet Avenue.
1581
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION.
"Seeond Ward, Col. Chris. Ploeser, Julius Conrad, Charles W. Gottschalk, Phil. Michel, Capt. Chris. Overbeck, John Pul- lis, Henry Amburg, Charles R. Fritsch.
" Medicines will be supplied at Geniff's drug store, 35 Ca- rondelet Avenue; also at H. Distlehorst's, corner of Seventh and Soulard.
" Third Ward, William Rumbold, Amadee Vallé, C. C. Sim- mons, William H. Maurice, Edward Mead, John G. Copelin, Dr. William Taussig, E. P. Rice, R. C. Renniek, Frederiek Heitkamp, Emile Winter, Herman Sehepmann, Dr. T. F. Rum- bold.
" Medicines to be supplied at drug store eorner Seventh and Chouteau Avenue.
" Fourth Ward, William H. Godfrey, G. W. Dreyer, Tony Niederweiser, George Walbrecht, Frank Boehm, D. C. L. Lips, - Limberg, Dr. Thomas Seott, J. C. Barlow, P. Wiles, W. Vanzandt.
" Medicines will be supplied at drug store of Enno Sanders, corner of Fourth and Walnut Streets, and at drug store eorner of Seventeenth and Market.
" This committee is requested to convene at Tony Nieder- weiser's at ten o'clock A.M. to-day.
" Fifth Ward, Erastus Wells, John Cairns, Joseph Conn, A. J. P. Garesehè, James Quigley, John McBride, John Jackson, L. Burns, John Ivory, Hampton Woodruff. Medicines can be supplied at drug store corner of Fifth and Market, and at drug store corner of Seventeenth and Market Streets.
" The committee is requested to meet at the hall of the Board of Aldermen at ten o'clock to-day.
"Sixth Ward, William G. Eliot, B. R. Bonner, Joshua Cheever, James Blakely, Charles G. Ramsey, John S. Thomp- son, Levin Baker, Jacob Merrell, James Seollay, William H. Benton. Medieines to be supplied at Crawford's drug store, corner of Eighth and Washington Avenue, and MeGintie, cor- ner of Olive and Fifteenth Streets.
"Seventh Ward, James T. Mercer, C. F. Walther, J. H. Ger- demann, Anson Comstock, John O'Brien, William Lanmann, H. Steinberg, A. Heute, Ernst Krepper. Medicines to be supplied at Walton & Co., Morgan and Third Streets, and at the drug store corner of Seventeenth Street and Franklin Avenue.
" This committee is requested to eonvene at J. H. Gerde- mann's, corner Seventeenth and Franklin Avenue.
" Eighth Ward. The committee of this ward will be appointed by Dr. Horatio Wood, and will receive instructions from him. Medicino will be supplied at drug store eorner of Washington Avenue and Broadway, and at drug store corner of Seventeenth and Franklin Avenue.
" Ninth Ward, M. W. Hogan, P. Driscoll, D. McAuliffe, John H. Neirmeyer, William Powers, John Amende, William Stenke- meyer, Edward Quinlivan, H. J. Shauhoest, Phil. McDonald, Casper Stalle. Medicines will be supplied at James J. MeBride's drug store, on Fifth Street, between Biddle and O'Fallon, and at Knawb's drug store, corner of Fifteenth and Cass Ave- nue.
"Tenth Ward, Charles W. Irwin, Joseph Hodgeman, John McGuire, E. P. Gray, Frank Overstolz, Samuel Gaty, Charles R. Anderson, L. Garnett, Levy Ashbrook, J. O. Codding, L. Vanderwater, N. Madden, E. D. Jones. Medieines will be sup- plied at corner of North Market and Broadway, at drug store corner of Ninth and Chambers Streets, and at drug store corner of Broadway and Salisbury.
"The committee is requested to convene at National Hall, corner of Chambers Street and Broadway, at ten o'clock A.M., 16th inst.
" The eitizens namned in the above will aet under the direc- tion of the gentleman first named in their respective wards,
and his aetion in the premises will be sustained by the chief executive.
" In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the city of St. Louis to be affixed this 15th day of August, 1866.
" JAMES S. THOMAS, " Mayor of St. Louis.
'" J. W. HEATH, "City Register.'
At that time the Board of Health was proceeding with energy, suppressing nuisances and promoting hygienic measures of every kind. The commissioners, Messrs. Belt, Stifel, King, Finn, Krieger, and the health officer, made short work of everything preju- dicial to hygiene that was brought to their attention. Stagnant ponds, offal, garbage, public and private nui- sances of all sorts were dealt with by the strong hand. One of the hotels was declared a nuisance, and so were slaughter-houses, alleys, and everything that was mal- odorous. Many donations were received ; much gratu- itous advice likewise. It was all gravely reported, for example,-
" Communication of James Lyttle, in regard to a cheap and simple preventive of eholera, received and read.
" This disease will never spread among people with sulphur in their stockings. Put half a teaspoonful of flour of sulphur into each of your stockings and go about your business ; never go out with an empty stomach; eat no fresh bread nor sour food.
" Not one of the many thousand who have followed this, my advice, has been attacked by cholera. So says the celebrated Dr. Hering in his medieal work published some years ago.
" The most powerful disinfectant is sulphurie aeid gas (the fumes of melted sulphur)."
Meantime the disease had become quite severe.
"The following is the mortuary report for the week ending Friday, 17th of August, so far as included in the reports from the different cemeteries :
Whito males .. 386
White females.
365
Colored males ..
6
Colored females 11
Total 768
Nativities.
United States
434
Germany ..
110
Ireland
188
France.
6
Italy
7
Switzerland
5
Canada ...
4
England
13
Nova Scotia
1
Total 768
" Of the above, 241 were children under five years of age, and 2 still-born. Deaths from cholera, 532.
"Owing to the press of business at the health office, the reg- ular mortuary report has not been made up, and the above
1582
HISTORY OF SAINT LOUIS.
figures comprise only the cemetery returns, without including deaths at City Hospital, quarantine, and smallpox hospital. Subsequently we were informed that the report from the city cemetery was 127 deaths, of which all but 11 were of cholera. We were unable to ascertain whether this includes the deaths ocenrring at quarantine and the smallpox hospital. The total number treated at the City Dispensary during the week by Drs. Folsom and Grissom was 489 cases. The various committees still prosecute their labors energetically, and lime, copperas, and other disinfectants were liberally distributed."
Among those whom the pestilence carried off were Col. I. Weidemeyer, county auditor. He was fifty- three years old, and had served the Union cause efficiently during the civil war, being colonel in com- mand of the Forty-first Missouri Infantry. On Sep- tember 24th, Hampton Woodruff succumbed to the plague. He was a member of the Board of Delegates in the City Council, and highly esteemed. Since the outbreak of the cholcra he had done great service as an active member of the sanitary committee of his ward. He was forty-eight years old at the time of his death, a native of Baltimore, Md., but for twenty- five years a citizen of St. Louis. He was a butcher and wholesale cattle-dealer, president of the Butchers' Association, a " bright" Mason, and a man of honor- able prominence for scrupulous integrity and exem- plary business capacity.
For the week ending August 24th the death table was as follows :
Cemeteries.
Total Burials.
Of Cholera.
Arsenal Island, from City Hospital.
123
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