History of Saint Louis City and County, from the earliest periods to the present day: including biographical sketches of representative men, Part 144

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898
Publication date: 1883
Publisher: Philadelphia : L.H. Everts
Number of Pages: 1358

USA > Missouri > St Louis County > St Louis City > History of Saint Louis City and County, from the earliest periods to the present day: including biographical sketches of representative men > Part 144

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laid on the 1st of August, 1831, and on the 26th of October, 1834,1 the edifice was consecrated "to the honor of the most Holy Trinity, under the invocation of Saint Louis of France," by the Right Rev. Joseph Rosatti, Bishop of St. Louis, assisted by the Bishops of Bardstown and Cincinnati.2

Though erected almost in the infancy of the diocese of St. Louis, the Cathedral is a noble and imposing structure, conspicuous for the symmetry and beauty of its architecture. The length of the whole building is one hundred and thirty-six feet and its breadth eighty-four. The front is of polished freestone, and rises to a height of fifty feet, the façade being broken by a portico forty feet wide, supported by four Doric col- umns, with corresponding entablature, frieze, cornice, and pediment. On the frieze is the following in- scription in bas-relief: " In honorem S. Ludovici. Deo Uni et Trino. Dicatum, A.D. MDCCCXXXIV." On each side of the porch is inscribed, both in Eng- lish and French, " My house shall be called the house of prayer." There are three entrances from the porch, and between the three doors and three cor- responding windows are three slabs of Italian marble, with the inscription, Ecce tabernaculum Dei cum hominibus, et habitabit cum eis, a text taken from the twenty-first chapter of the Apocalypse, and which is also inscribed in French and English. Originally the porch was inclosed by an iron railing, and was reached by flights of steps rising from the east and west, but sub- sequently this arrangement was changed, and a flight of steps was constructed rising from the pavement the whole length of the porch. The cornice, with its frieze and entablature, together with the battlements, extends along the front to the corners and about twenty feet along the sides, and the battlements are surmounted by six candelabra about nine feet in height.

The effect of this façade is simple but imposing. On a stone tower, forty feet in height above the pedi- ment and twenty feet square, rests the spire, an oc- tagon in shape, surmounted by a gilt ball five feet in diameter, from which rises a cross of brass ten feet high. In the steeple there is a chime of six bells, the three larger ones weighing respectively two thou-

1 The last stone on the belfry tower is said to have been placed in position by a colored man named William Johnson. None of the workmen cared to run the risk of performing this dan- gerous feat, and Johnson volunteered to undertake it. He ac- cordingly ascended the tower and fixed the stone in its place, receiving on his descent the congratulations of the bishop.

2 The musical portion of the services was under the direction of Professor Marallano, then a famous teacher in St. Louis, who set an ode, composed by one of the city priests, and a hymn, " written by a local bard," to inusic for the occasion.

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sand six hundred, nineteen hundred, and fifteen hun- dred pounds, having been made in Normandy, and a large clock, constructed in Cincinnati, which indicates the hours on the four sides of the tower and strikes them on the bells. The interior is divided into a nave and two aisles by two rows of five columns each on either side of the nave. These columns are in the Doric style, four feet in diameter and twenty-six feet high, and built of brick covered with stucco. The ceiling is elliptic, and is divided into eighteen richly- decorated panels. The width of the centre aisle is forty feet and that of each side aisle twenty feet. Above the front doors are two galleries. Beneath one of them are the baptismal fonts, and here also hangs a beautiful painting of the Saviour's baptism. The sanctuary is forty by thirty feet in size, and is elevated nine steps from the floor. Its sides are adorned with pilasters painted in imitation of marble, and with panels decorated with festoons of ears of wheat and vines, symbolic of the Holy Eucharist. The spaces between the pilasters are occupied by archies, two of which have galleries, one for the use of the Sisters of Charity and the other for the use of the choir. In the centre of the sanctuary is the altar, which is richly and beautifully decorated. The altar- piece is a large painting, representing the Crucifixion, on either side of which are two fluted Corinthian columns of blue marble, with gilt capitals supporting a rich entablature, which is surmounted by a pedi- ment, broken in the centre to admit before a window, elliptical in shape, a transparent painting representing the dove, the emblem of the Holy Ghost, surrounded by a glory, and cherubs appearing in the clouds. On the top of the pediment, at either side, the figure of an angel supports the tables of the old law and of the gospel. On the western side of the sanctuary, in an arch near the balusters, is the bishop's chair, with a handsome mahogany canopy, and in a similar arch just opposite is a valuable painting,-a portrait of St. Louis, titular saint of the cathedral,-which was presented to the diocese by Louis XVIII. of France.

At the extremity of each side aisle is a small chapel, botlı of which are elevated five feet above the floor of the church. The eastern chapel is adorned by an altar-piece representing St. Patrick in pontifi- cal robes. Above the altar-piece are two paintings, one representing the centurion kneeling before the Saviour, and said to be by Paul Veronese ; the other the marriage of the Virgin with Joseph. The western chapel has for its altar-piece a picture of St. Vincent de Paul, founder of the Order of Sisters of Charity, rescuing an abandoned child. Near the side doors are two other valuable paintings, one representing

the martyrdom of St. Bartholomew, the other the Virgin Mary holding the infant Jesus in her arms. Beneath the side altars two flights of steps descend to the lower chapel, whose dimensions are eighty-four by thirty feet. The organ was constructed in Cincin- nati at a cost of five thousand dollars, and is placed in a loft behind the altar of St. Patrick, communicating with the choir gallery on the eastern side of the sanctuary. On either side of the church are seven arched windows eighteen feet high, adorned with scenes from the life of the Saviour. The interior decoration of the Cath- edral is warm and attractive, and the appearance of the ancient edifice on festival occasions is always gorgeous and imposing. v In the rear of the Cathedral is a free school building under the charge of the Sisters of Loretto. On the 28th of April, 1871, the prelimi- nary steps were taken for the incorporation of a society having for its object the erection of a new Cathedral. The movement was inaugurated under the auspices of Archbishop Kenrick, Bishop Ryan, and Vicar-General Muhlsiepen, and was supported by prominent capitalists. The ground upon which it was contemplated to erect the building was City Block 915, between Twenty-second and Twenty-third Streets and Chestnut and Pine Streets, which was secured for the purpose by the archbishop. The association was composed of the following members : Most Rev. Archbishop Kenrick; Very Rev. P. J. Ryan, coadjutor bishop ; Very Rev. Henry Muhl- siepen, vicar-general ; James H. Lucas, Henry S. Turner, Joseph O'Neil, John Withnell, Nicholas Schaeffer, H. J. Spaunhorst, J. B. Ghio, Bernard Crickhard, M. B. Chambers, Julius S. Walsh, John Byrne, Jr., Bernard Slevin, Charles P. Chouteau, Charles Slevin, James Maguire, and Joseph Garneau. A certificate of incorporation was granted to these gentlemen by Judge Lucas, and the association was incorporated under the name of the St. Louis Cathc- dral Building Association. Pending the erection of the new building, however, the venerable edifice of 1834 continues to rear its massive front, and with the alterations and repairs which were made in 1876 the Cathedral is still a noble and imposing house of worship. 1

1 The Cathedral was entered by burglars early on the morn- ing of Aug. 27, 1845, but they only succeeded in securing the contents of several charity boxes, amounting in all to abou twenty-five dollars.

On the first Sunday of October, 1855, the first Provincial Council of St. Louis was opened at the Cathedral with imposing ceremonies. The bishops composing the Council were Arch- bishop Kenrick, of St. Louis, and Bishops Miles, of Nashville, O'Regan, of Chicago, Henni, of Milwaukee, Cretin, of Minne- sota, and Loras, of Dubuque. After the mass, the music being

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HISTORY OF SAINT LOUIS.

In 1876 the Cathedral was repaired and the inte- rior redecorated under the direction of T. W. Brady, architect. The exterior, with the exception of the steeple, which underwent extensive improvements, was left unchanged. The entire interior was painted and frescoed by George Couch and Charles F. Krue- ger, gray being the prevailing tint of the background, relieved by rich but quiet ornamentation. The spaces between the windows were adorned with figures (more, than life-size) of St. Malachi, St. Boniface, St. Pat- rick, St. Ignatius, St. Francis de Sales, St. Kevin, St. Lawrence O'Toole, and St. Bridget. The walls of the sanctuary were likewise adorned with figures of St. Louis, St. Vincent de Paul, and other saints. The old paintings, "The Descent from the Cross," and " St. Louis at his Devotions," which had been familiar to frequenters of the church for many years, remained in their accustomed places, and were brought out in clearer relief by the added freshness and brightness of their surroundings. The year 1876 being the centennial ycar of the foundation of the parish, a meeting was held at the parochial residence July 11th, and the following resolution was adopted :

" Whereas, Our country is ringing throughout its length and breadth with the shouts of our citizens for this, the hundredth anniversary of our political independence; and, whereas, this year is the hundredth anniversary of the foundation of the Cathedral parish; therefore be it Resolved, That in this two- fold centennial we celebrate with all the pomp we can the feast of our church on August 27th."

rendered hy a choir whose leading members were Miss Julia Pratte, Mrs. Ringling, Miss Maginnis, Dr. Boislinière, and Mr. Young, Rev. Father Murphy, vice-provincial of the Society of Jesus, preached the sermon.

The promoter of the Council was Very Rev. J. Duggan, V. G. ; notary, Rev. E. Saulnier; secretary, Rev. J. Banmo; master of ceremony, Rev. P. J. Ryan ; theologians of the archbishop and hishops, Rev. P. Patschouski, Rev. E. Rolando, Rev. Father Feehan, Rev. P. O'Brien, Rev. P. J. Ryan, Rev. E. Vignonet, Rev. J. Higginbotham, Rev. P. de Smet, Rev. A. Damen, Rev. P. Larkin, Rev. J. Heiss, Rev. W. Wheeler, Rev. J. Vil- lars, Rev. P. R. Donelly.

Very Rev. D. Masenou represented the Lazarist religious congregation ; Very Rev. Father Murphy, the Jesuits ; Rev. Vin- cent Smyth, the Trappists; Rev. E. Jarhoe, the Dominicans; and Rev. S. A. Paris, the Sisters of St. Joseph.

On the 3d of May, 1857, the Cathedral was the scene of another imposing ecremony, the eonsceration of the Right Rev. James Duggan, Bishop of Antigone in partibus infidelium, to he Coadjutor Bishop of Chicago, with right of succession, and the Right Rev. Clement Smyth, Bishop of Appanasia in partibus, to he coadjutor of the Bishop of Dubuque; and again in May, 1859, the occasion heing the consecration of Right Rev. Dr. Whelan as coadjutor to the Bishop of Nashville, and Right Rev. Dr. O'Gorman as Vicar Apostolic of Nebraska. The cere- mony was performed by Archbishop Kenrick, assisted by Bishops Miege, of Kansas, and Junker, of Alton. Bishop Smyth, of Dubuque, preached the sermon. Bishop Duggan, of Chicago, also participated in the services.

A committee consisting of Rev. David J. Doherty and John H. O'Neill was appointed at the same meet- ing for the purpose of preparing from such data as were procurable an address to the parishioners and people of St. Louis, which should embody a history of the Cathedral parish, and which should be pub- lished in pamphlet form. In accordance with thesc instructions the address was prepared and published, and the centennial services at the Cathedral were held Aug. 27, 1876. The front of the building was trimmed with evergreens in honor of the occasion, and an immense assemblage was attracted to the scenc. Among those present inside the building, to which entrance was only to be obtained by means of cards of admission, were Judge Wilson Primm, who many years before had been leader of the Cathedral choir, Senator Bogy, Col. J. O. Broadhead, Hon. Thomas E. Reynolds, Capt. Thorwegen, John F. Gibbons, and Col. A. W. Slayback. The altars were ablaze with light, and the decorations unusually rich and brilliant. High above the altar, in letters formed by gas-jets, was the inscription, Gloria in Excelsis Deo. The orchestra opened the services with the prelude to a mass by Giorza, and the procession of clergy marched into the sanctuary. It was composed of three acolytes, twenty-five priests and monks, and three bishops. The grand high mass was celebrated by Right Rev. Bishop Ryan, with Very Rev. H. Muehl- siepen, V. G., as archdeacon of honor; Rev. Joseph Henry, of St. Lawrence O'Toole's, as deacon ; Rev. P. L. McEvoy, of St. Kevin's, as sub-deacon ; and Rev. C. Smith as master of ceremonies.

In the sanctuary were the following clergymen : Right Rev. Bishop Hennessy, of Dubuque, attended by Rev. Andrew Eustace, of St. Michael's ; Right Rev. Bishop Hogan, of St. Joseph, attended by Rev. William Walsh, of St. Bridget's ; Very Rev. P. J. O'Halloran, V. G., of East St. Louis; Rev. T. M. Keilty, of the Holy Angels; Rev. P. P. Brady, of the Annunciation ; Rev. M. Reilly, of St. Columbkill's ; Rev. R. Hayes, of St. Lawrence ; Rev. T. Hanlon, of St. Michael's ; Rev. M. W. Tobyn, pastor of Cathedral parish; Rev. George Watson, Rev. D. S. Phelan, of St. Aloysius; Rev. Father Maurice ; Rev. Fathers Rosenbauer, Murphy, and Luytelaar, of St. Alphonsus'; Rev. E. Fenlon, of St. Bridget's ; Rev. H. Kelly, of Cheltenham ; Rev. T. Burke, of St. Vincent's ; Rev. G. Powers, of St. John's; Rev. M. Brennan, of St. Malachi's; Rev. P. Morrissey, of the Annunciation ; Rev. F. Ward, S.J., College Church ; Rev. Father Servatius, O.S.F .; Brother Virgil, of the Christian Brothers.

The music, under the direction of Professor Campi,

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was very fine, the choir being composed of the fol- lowing : Misses Peake, Pomarede, Overstolz, Whip- ple, E. Schumacher, B. Schumacher, De Kalb, Mul- holland, De Campi, and Keller, Mrs. Coester, Mrs. Kreiter, and Mrs. Johnson, and Messrs. Allman, Dichm, A. Wiseman, J. Wiseman, Singer, Dierkes, Schraubstadter, Sexton, Overstolz, and Field.

Just before the delivery of the sermon, Father Doherty read a statement of the cost of the repairs to the Cathedral, which had just been completed. The renovation of the roof and steeple, he said, had cost $2618, the remodeling and repair of the win- dows $1100, the renovation and fresco-work in the interior $2600, making a total of $6318. The amount already paid on this score, together with the cash still on hand for that purpose, was $3300, leaving the con- siderable sum of $3000 still to be raised. It was' this fact which led to the adoption of the plan of selling seats for the celebration, and it was this which also determined the finance committee to take up a collection. They did this, added Father Doherty, with a full realization of the fact that there were few St. Louisans, either Catholic or Protestant, who did not love the very stones of which the old Cathedral Was built.

Rev. G. Powers, of St. John's Church, then deliv- ered the scrmon, his text being taken from the twenty- first chapter of St. John's Apocalypse, in which occur the words, Ecce tabernaculum Dei cum hominibus, et habitat cum eis (" Behold the tabernacle of God with men, and He will dwell with them"), inscribed on the mural slab over the main entrance to the church. After the sermon the collection referred to by Father Doherty was taken up.

At the close of the mass the altar was rearranged and the service of the benediction followed, Bishop Ryan still officiating. After the benediction the or- chestra and ehorus rendered with grand effect Haydn's " Te Deum Laudamus," with which the exereises closed.

PASTORS OF CATHEDRAL PARISH .- On a pre- vious page we have given thie succession of early pastors and priests who officiated in the Cathedral parish, but for purposes of reference we recapitulate them here.

List of priests who officiated in St. Louis from the foundation of the city up to about the time of Bishop Dubourg's arrival :

Fathers Meurin, from May, 1766, to Feb. 7, 1769 ; Gibault, June, 1770, to January, 1772; Valentin, May, 1772, to June, 1775; Meurin, Oet. 4 and 5, 1776; Hilaire, March 19, 1776 ; Bernard, May, 1776, to 1789; Ledru, November, 1789, to Sep- tember, 1793; Didier, December, 1793, to April, 1799 ; Lusson and Maxwell, July, 1798, to May, 1799; Lusson, March 23,

1799, to Mareh 23, 1800; Janin, April 6, 1800, to Nov. 12, 1804 ; Maxwell, March 2 to May 29, 1806; Olivier, Sept. 14 and 15, 1806; Flynn, Nov. 9, 1806, to June 2, 1808; Maxwell, June 5 and 8, 1808; Guillet, July 20 to Aug. 26, 1808; Dunand, Dec. 23, 1808, to Jan. 18, 1809; Guillet, Dec. 24 to 31, 1809; Ber- nard, Feb. 6 to July 13, 1810; Maxwell, July 30, 1810; Du- nand, Aug. 5, 1810; Maxwell, Aug. 12 to 15, 1810; Guillet, Nov. 2, 1810, to June 23, 1811; Dunand, July 30, 1811, to Aug. 2, 1811 ; Guillet, Aug. 9, 1811, to Dec. 1, 1811; Savigne, Dec. 11, 1811, to Sept. 15, 1812; Dunand, Nov. 10, 1812 ; Savigne, Feb. 11, 1813; Dunand and Savigne, March 14, 1813; Dunand, March 17, 1813; Savigne, May 12, 1813, to Oct. 3, 1817.

In January, 1818, there arrived, in company with Bishop Dubourg, Rev. Fathers De Andreis, Rosatti (afterwards Bishop of St. Louis), Acqueroni, Ferrari, and Carretti, and these priests officiated at the Cathe- dral and labored in the parish. Up to 1826 the fol- lowing additional clergymen officiated from time to time at the Cathedral : Fathers Pratte, De Neckere (afterwards Bishop of New Orleans), Cellini, Saulnier, Neil, Damen, Titchitoli, and Jean-Jean. During the administration of Father Rosatti, from 1824 to 1843, many priests officiated at the Cathedral, among them being Fathers Timon (afterwards Bishop of Buffalo), Lutz, Loisel, Verhaegen, S.J., Doutre- lingue, Paguin (afterwards sent to the mission of Texas, where he died of yellow fever), Roux, Conda- mine, Borgua, Lefevre (afterwards Bishop of Detroit), Tucker, St. Cyr (now over seventy-two years of age, blind, and an inmate of the Convent of St. Josephi, in South St. Louis), Fontbonne, Jamison, Fischer, Odin (later Archbishop of New Orleans), P. R. Don- elly, Hamilton, and others.

In 1847 the Cathedral received its crowning honor by being made a metropolitan church, Bishop Kenrick being raised to the archiepiscopacy. Under him, during the earlier days, served Fathers Lutz, Saulnier, Carroll, Cotter (who was killed while attending a sick call in Washington County), Paris, and Heim. The epitaph on the grave of Father Heim in Calvary Cem- etery tells that he was "The Priest of the Poor." In 1861 the Redemptorist Fathers arrived in St. Louis on invitation of the archbishop, and had charge of the Cathedral until 1868, when they removed to their own beautiful St. Alphonsus Church.

In addition to those already mentioned who have left the Cathedral to become bishops are Fathers Feehan, Hennessy, Duggan, Hogan, and Ryan.

The first St. Vincent de Paul Society on the banks of the Mississippi, and perhaps the first in America, was organized Nov. 20, 1845, the first meeting being held in the little school-house on Second Street, at- tached to the Cathedral, a building afterwards de- stroyed by the great fire of 1849. The second meet- ing was held on the 27th of the same month. Among

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the first members were Bryan Mullanphy, Father Heim, Father John O'Neil, John Haverty, John Everhart, John Ennis, John Dorack, Robert Mitchell, Joseph O'Ncil, Michael O'Keefe, Dr. Linton, Dr. O'Loughlin, James Maguire, John Byrne, Jr., Dennis Galvin, John Amend, Francis Saler, and Joseph Murphy. Prominent among these were the vencrable Father Heim and Judge Mullanphy, who were prac- tically the founders of the organization. John Hav- erty and Robert Mitchell also became very active in the subsequent work of the society.

St. Francis Xavier Church, otherwise known as the " College Church," was the sixth in the series of structures crected by the Jesuits in charge of St. Louis University. It was located on the lot originally given by Jeremiah Conner to Bishop Rosatti for college purposes, and made over by the bishop to the Jesuits in 1828. The corner-stone was laid in the spring of 1840, Rev. G. A. Carrell, afterwards president of the university, addressing the people from the eastern balcony of the college, and the building was dedicated and occupied on Palm Sunday, 1843. It is a sub- stantial brick structure, Romanesque in style, with sixty-seven feet front on Ninth Street by one hundred and twenty-seven feet on Christy Avenue, extending back to the eastern end of the old college building. It has a large basement, in which the parochial school was conducted until its removal, in 1846, to a house built expressly for it. On the 19th of May, 1851, the church was transferred by the vice-provincial of the Society of Jesus in Missouri to the control of the St. Louis University, which assumed an uncan- celed debt on the building of thirty-eight thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars. The church has a seating capacity of three thousand, and is often filled to its utmost capacity, people from all parts of the city making up the congregations. The interior is impo- sing and richly decorated, and its walls are hung with paintings, many of which are considered to be of great value. Among the interesting incidents connected with the history of this church were the consecration, Feb. 11, 1849, of Father J. Van de Velde, Bishop of Chicago, on which occasion the officiating clergy were Archbishop Kenrick, Bishop Loras, of Dubuque ; Bishop Mills, of Nashville ; and Bishop De St. Palais, of Vincennes, and the consccration, March 25, 1851, of Father Mcige, Bishop of Kansas. At the latter ceremony Archbishop Kenrick and the Bishops of Vincennes and Chicago officiated.

The services in commemoration of the Golden Ju- bilee of the university on the 26th of June, 1879, were also conspicuous among the imposing ceremonies which have been held from time to time in this church.

The rectors or presidents of the university have always been ex officio pastors of the church. They have had for assistants, since 1843, Fathers George A. Carrell (afterwards Bishop of Covington, Ky.), Arnold Damen, Cornelius F. Smarius,1 John O'Ncil, Michael Corbett, Edward Higgins, Patrick J. Ward, the pres- ent assistant pastor. The principal societies connected with the church are the Young Men's, St. Joseph's, Young Ladies', and St. Anne's Sodalities. There are two Sunday-schools, attended, in the aggregate, by twenty-eight teachers and eight hundred scholars.

THE YOUNG MEN'S SODALITY was instituted by Rev. Arnold Damen, S.J., in 1846, under the protec- tion of the Virgin. The first sodality, after which all the others are patterned, was organized in Rome in 1563, by Father John Leonius, S.J., then a teacher in the Roman College. It consisted at first of youths, who were placed under the special protection of the Blessed Virgin, but it found favor with Pope Gregory XIII., who by an encyclical letter in 1584 gave it the papal sanction, and commended its example to the Catholic world, vesting powers of direction and indul- gences in the Jesuits who should establish branches. From this beginning sodalities have been organized wherever the Society of Jesus has colleges or churches, while the mother or Roman Sodality has numbered in its membership popes, cardinals, bishops, priests, and saints, as well as temporal princes, magistrates, and distinguished men in every class of society. The sodality attached to St. Francis Xavier's Church has for its object the promotion of sociability and broth- erly love, and the practice of virtuous principles among its members. It meets every Sunday morning at a quarter past nine, except on the last Sunday in the

1 Father Cornelius F. Smarius was born on the 3d of March, 1823, in Tilburg, province of North Brabant, Holland. When yet a child his parents died, and his education was undertaken by his relatives, who at the proper time placed him in the smaller seminary of St. Michael's, Gestel, where he pursued his classical studies with zeal and industry. He early gave token of his wonderful oratorical powers, which appear to have been hereditary, his father having been an eminent speaker. The young student was even more distinguished for his piety and missionary zeal than for his genius. He was at the head of every pious association, and often gathered his fellow-students around him and exhorted them to the practice of virtue. Having completed his classical studies, he came to this country in 1841 to devote his life to missionary labor. After the cus- tomary trials of the Jesuit novitiate, he filled the office of a col- lege professor in Cincinnati, and at the St. Louis University. Between these duties and the completion of the longer course of studies usually performed by the Jesuits he spent his time up to 1858, when he was made pastor of St. Xavier's (College) Church. In 1860 he was sent to the missionary house of the Society of Jesus at Chicago, and died on the 1st of March, 1870.

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History of Saint Louis City and County, from the earliest periods to the present day: including biographical sketches of representative men, Part 144

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898 Publication date: 1883 Publisher: Philadelphia : L.H. Everts Number of Pages: 1358

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898
Publication date: 1883
Publisher: Philadelphia : L.H. Everts
Number of Pages: 1358