USA > Missouri > St Louis County > St Louis City > History of Saint Louis City and County, from the earliest periods to the present day: including biographical sketches of representative men > Part 175
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In January, 1881, the lodges in the jurisdiction received a new impetus through the new ritual, new work, etc., which involved a reduction of degrees, and since then the order in this jurisdiction has greatly flourished. There are 351 lodges in Missouri, with a revenue in 1881-82 of $104,135.65, and $67,- 315.82 in the treasury, and $368,859.10 in invest- ments. During the year $44,537.15 was paid in the relief of families, sick benefits, education of orphans, and burial of the dead. The present grand officers (1882-83) are ----
M. W. G. M., T. B. Gannaway, Paris; R. W. Dep. G. M., C. D. Lucas, Kansas City ; R. W. G. W., Henry Cadle, Prince- ton; R. W. G. Sec., E. M. Sloan, St. Louis ; R. W. G. Treas., W. H. Thompson, St. Louis ; R. W. G. Rep., James A. Price, Weston; R. W. G. Rep., W. H. Woodward, St. Louis; W. G. Chap., Rev. H. J. La Tour, Rockport; W. G. Marshal, J. T. Johnston, Clarkton; W. G. C., A. A. Wheeler, Miami; W. G. G., W. J. Missemer, St. Joseph; W. G. II., Charles Mulford, St. Louis; G. Lec., George C. Brown, Paris.
The subordinate lodges of St. Louis, with the list of officers of each, for 1881-82 were-
Traveler's Rest, No. 1 .- A. G. Lawrence, N. G .; Guido D'Oench, V. G .; Samuel Hemingway, Sec .; William Bryan, Per. Sec .; W. P. Gettys, Treas.
Wildey, No. 2 .- C. W. Fitch, N. G .; Lewis C. Lame, V. G .; Charles E. Branson, Sec .; Charles Mulford, Per. Sec .; B. Van Blarcom, Treas.
Germania, No. 3 .- D. Hasekamp, N. G .; W. II. Henselmeyer, V. G .; F. Rose, Sec .; W. H. Sabath, Per. Sec .; B. Rohde, Treas.
St. Louis, No. 5 .- H. A. Barmeier, N. G .; J. J. W. Thursby, V. G .; Thomas W. Curley, Sec .; John R. Williams, Per. Sec .; William B. May, Treas.
Missouri, No. 11 .- S. D. Conway, N. G .; Frank H. Meiser, V. G .; John Yerkes, Sec .; W. A. Hequembourg, Per. Sec .; Samuel R. Fairchild, Treas.
Excelsior, No. 18 .- George W. Baumhogg, N. G .; William Bauer, V. G .; Robert L. Little, Sec .; Paul H. Bierman, Per. Sec .; David W. Sadler, Treas.
Laclede, No. 22 .- Thomas H. Woody, N. G .; Cyrus Hall, V. G .; Conrad Farner, Sec .; P. C. Egan, Per. Sec .; J. A. J. Arnold, Treas.
Washington, No. 24 .- M. E. Williamson, N. G .; Henry Walther, V. G .; John Nolde, Sec .; Otto Kung, Per. Sec .; John Deininger, Treas.
Wingenund, No. 27 .- Frederick Packard, N. G .; Alexander Gillespie, V. G .; Thomas M. Grayson, Sec .; J. D. Shields, Per. Sec. ; J. M. Bixler, Treas.
Goethe, No. 59 .- Freiderich Herkert, N. G. ; Edward Kaub, V. G .; Henry Norris, Sec. ; Franz Krein, Treas.
Bellefontaine, No. 73 .- J. T. Bagot, N. G .; George H. Ellis, V. G .; Joseph Simpson, Sec .; E. F. Smith, Per. Sec .; George Platt, Treas.
Schiller, No. 89 .- John Stegmann, N. G .; Jacob Goeres, V. G .; William Friedrichs, Sec .; John Colonius, Per. Sec. ; Jus- tus Teuteberg, Treas.
De Soto, No. 90 .- Paul Ertelt, N. G .; Adam Heinselmann, V. G .; J. L. Botticher, Sec .; Fred. Kramm, Per. Sec .; John Devoto, Treas.
Carondelet, No. 114 .- David Hughes, N. G .; Alexander Mc- Kay, V. G .; John Gausmann, See .; Matthew Leen, Per. Sec .; W. S. Patrick, Treas.
Jefferson, No. 119 .- Charles Meyer, N. G .; Fred. Bieger, V. G .; Emil Simon, Sec .; J. W. Linhardt, Per. Sec .; George Vogler, Treas.
Concordia, No. 128 .- Max Brunjes, N. G .; Henry Engelking, V. G .; J. Herold, Sec .; Gustav Kunsemuller, Per. Sec. ; John Olfermann, Treas.
Pride of the West, No. 138 .- George Bobb, N. G .; August Krackauer, V. G .; William Seimens, Sec .; E. W. Evert, Per. Sec .; Fridolin Spraul, Treas.
Home, No. 158 .- M. Keating, N. G .; W. M. Smith, V. G .; Benjamin Hurl, Sec .; James P. McKay, Per. Sec. ; J. Ruppen- thal, Treas.
Cosmos, No. 196 .- J. J. Ehrhardt, N. G .; F. M. Easterday, V. G .; Richard Jones, Sec .; J. G. R. Wintermann, Per. Sec .; M. Hoffmann, Treas.
Benton, No. 275 .- Herman Hover, N. G .; Louis Ost, V. G .; C. C. Goedde, Sec .; Nicholas Berg, Per. Sec .; Charles Rein- hardt, Treas.
Mound City, No. 276 .- Edwin S. Pike, N. G .; J. T. Even, V. G .; F. A. Kelber, Sec .; William C. McCormack, Per. Sec. ; Charles E. Wulfert, Treas.
Summit, No. 277 .- Robert Vernell, N. G .; Joseph Heine, V. G .; W. K. Hoffman, Sec .; Thomas Moore, Per. Sec. ; Chris- topher Ehlen, Treas.
Anchor, No. 322 .- John Reed, N. G .; John F. Pierson, V. G .;
1800
HISTORY OF SAINT LOUIS.
Philip Schnurr, Sec .; J. W. Chapman, Per. Sec .; Alexander Kilpatrick, Treas.
Arcadian, No. 332 .- John Green, N. G .; Henry Breemer, V. G .; John T. Boles, Sec .; John T. Bell, Per. Sec .; George W. Otto, Treas,
Harmonie, No. 353 .- John Schmid, N. G .; U. Harder, V. G .; F. J. Wimmer, Sec .; F. C. Wolpert, Per. Sec .; J. C. Schulte, Treas.
Templar, No.388 .- F. W. Doering, N. G .; C. C. Fouke, V. G .; W. J. Metzgar, Sec .; Charles Becke, Per. Sec .; J. J. Krehor, Treas.
There are also in St. Louis four degree lodges of the Daughters of Rebekah,-Naomi, No. 2, eighty- one members ; Faith, No. 29 (South St. Louis) ; Lily of the West, No. 32, thirty-one members; Martha Washington, No. 45, eighty-six members. There are twenty-six Rebekah Lodges in the State, with one hundred and eighty-eight members. This feature of the order has not prospered in this jurisdiction as in others, and the Grand Lodge of 1882 directed that no more lodges of the kind be authorized.
There are also in St. Louis six encampments, a branch of the order quite independent of the Grand Lodge, and established for the conferring of the " Sublime Degrees." These are as follows :
Name and Number.
Membership.
Wildey, No. 1.
108 ยท
St. Louis, No. 13
32
Washington, No. 18
58
Mound City, No. 19
65
Missouri, No. 59.
27
Carondelet, No. 64
38
Total
328
The first encampment (Wildey, No. 1, of St. Louis) was instituted, as heretofore stated, by Mr. Wildey, in June, 1838; the second (Frontier En- campment, at Weston) in 1844. In 1845 a Grand Encampment was authorized, and the same was insti- tuted Feb. 25, 1846. There are seventy-seven en- campments in Missouri, with nineteen hundred and thirty-nine contributing members.
The headquarters of the Grand Encampment are in St. Louis, and the officers are ---
M. W. G. P., G. D. Gray, Glenwood ; M. E. G. P., Lewis L. L. Allen, Peirce City ; R. W. G.S. W., A. J. Blackford, Clinton ; R. W. G. S., C. C. Archer, St. Louis; R. W. G. Treas., M. C. Libby, St. Louis; R. W. G. J. W., H. H. Noland, Independ- ence; R. W. G. Rep., J. C. Herms, Neosho; R. W. G. Rep., D. A. Shepherd, Brookfield ; W. G. M., D. A. Smith, Carthage ; W. G. I. S., John H. Biggs, Canton; W. G. O. S., Charles A. Linck, St. Louis.
The Odd-Fellows' Mutual Aid Association of Mis- souri is an institution organized under the laws of the State, to afford members of the order safe and cheap insurance. It has about two thousand five hundred members.
Colored Odd-Fellows .- There is also extant in St. Louis an order of colored Odd-Fellows, with sev- eral lodges.
Independent Order of Good Fellows is a Ger- man beneficiary society, whose origin is involved in doubt, and which is supposed to have taken root in St. Louis in 1852. There are ten lodges in the city.
The Maccabees .-- This order originated in Lon- don, Ontario, several years ago, and had several flour- ishing tents in St. Louis. Dissensions in the order caused a falling off, and now there are but one or two tents in the city.
The Iron Hall, a beneficiary secret order, origi- nated in Indianapolis in April, 1881. There are several branches in St. Louis.
The Ancient Order of Druids originated in Lon- don, England, in 1771, and was introduced in this country by Thomas Wildey, the father of American Odd-Fellowship. The first grove in the West was organized at St. Louis, Scpt. 11, 1848, by William Gebhardt, who had been a member in New York. It was called " Missouri Grove, No. 1," and the charter members were William Gebhardt, Philip Censor, Jacob Kothengatter, K. Pfennig, and Ch. Lohmann. This grove is still alive and vigorous. Among its earliest members, and probably the only one now living, was Philip Stremmel, then a leading German, and since prominent in public affairs. On the 9th of April, 1849, Herr Stremmel and a few others in- stituted " Teutonia Grove, No. 2." The objects of the order were of a social and benevolent character.
The next grove to organize was " United Brothers Grove, No. 3," and Aug. 17, 1850, delegates from these three groves assembled and instituted the Grand Grove of Missouri.
The order grew slowly. It met with much opposi- tion, chiefly because, being secret, its objects were not understood. Some writer in the Herald des Glau- bens attacked the order, and provoked a vigorous reply in a paper published at Belleville, Ill. The groves were in the habit of appearing in regalia and burying their dead members. Such a proceeding had never been known in St. Louis before, and caused consider- able comment. Finally the opposition ccased, and the progress of the order was more rapid and satisfac- tory. In 1855 it was strong enough to undertake the ercction of a hall. Stock was subscribed by the respective groves, and much interest was manifestcd. At a meeting held on the 15th of April, 1857, the Druids' Hall Association was organized, and on the 4th of May following the first election of directors was held at the hall corner of Second and Spruce Strcets. On May 11th the board of directors elected
RELIGIOUS, BENEVOLENT, SOCIAL, SECRET, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS.
1801
the following officers: John Keil, president ; Louis Frey, vice-president ; Frederick Spies, secretary ; H. H. Freese, treasurer. On the 11th of June the shareholders voted to purchase from John Simonds the lot on. the southeast corner of Ninth and Market Streets for twenty-one thousand dollars, and the pur- chase was ratified on the 1st of July, 1857. On the 29th of January, 1858, it was decided to erect a three-story building, to be used as a meeting hall for the different groves, and work was accordingly com- menced, and the structure finished.
On the 5th of December, 1875, the board of di- rectors resolved to build a new hall, the cost of which should not exceed fifty thousand dollars. The corner- stone of this structure was laid on the 17th of Sep- tomber, 1876. The officers of the association at the time were Henry Ziegenheim, president ; E. H. Kort- kamp, vice-president; Nicholas Berg, secretary ; Wil- liam Hahn, treasurer. The building committce con- sisted of Aug. Bohn, H. Heitman, and Hermann Holzgrebe. Louis Kledus was the architect and superintendent.
The building was completed and dedicated Dec. 16, 1877. It has a front of forty-three and one-half feet on Market, and one hundred and forty and one-half feet on Ninth Street, and is a stately structure of brick, four stories high, costing sixty thousand dol- lars, a splendid monument to the enterprise of the Druids of St. Louis.
Up to the commencement of the war the order continued to prosper, its membership being at onc time two thousand three hundred ; but the war scat- tered the members, and many of them fought and died in that conflict. Since the war the progress has been steady, but the former prosperity has not as yet returned. At present there are in existence the following groves :
Name and Number.
Members.
Missouri, No. 1.
48
Teutonia, No. 2 ..
78
United Brothers, No. 3 ..
74
George Washington, No. 6
36
Western, No. 7 ..
49
St. Louis, No. 8
51
Laclede, No. 9.
71
Franklin, No. 10
82
Excelsior, No. 11.
70
Concordia, No. 12.
38
De Soto, No. 14.
44
Jackson, No. 15.
127
Jefferson, No. 17
58
Union, No. 20. .
62
Schiller, No. 24
49
Lincoln, No. 26
44
Walhalla, No. 28
107
Oak, No. 30
53
Lessing, No. 31
43
Canton, No. 36
23
South St. Joseph, No. 37.
29
Total
1236
The present officers of the Grand Grove are-
N. G. A., Henry Duve, St. Joseph ; D. G. A., P. Schaffmitt, St. Louis ; G. S., Henry Grupe, St. Louis ; G. T., H. Ziegen- hein, St. Louis ; G. G., J. Rueger, St. Louis ; G. M., H. Koelke- beck, St. Louis ; G. II., J. W. Wirth, Kansas City.
The present officers of Druids' Hall Association are-
President, E. F. Rethwilen ; Vice-President, H. Ruppelt ; Secretary, Henry Grupe ; Treasurer, W. Hahn.
During the past year the order relieved one hun- drcd and ninety-seven sick members, and paid them $4992.70 in benefits. During the same period $19,993.10 was paid to widows and orphans of de- ceased members. The groves have a capital of $37,626.50, besides owning Druids' Hall, which cost $60,000.
Knights of Pythias .- This order was established at Washington, D. C., in 1864. The first lodge in Missouri was instituted at Kansas City, May 5, 1870. The second was instituted at St. Louis May 7, 1870, by I. Q. Cross, P. C., and the charter members were J. Sare, R. S. Wallington, R. C. Silence, Joseph Schiller, Casper Brenner, John H. Weder, Samuel J. Ruoff, C. B. Vail, and Patrick Maher. The Grand Lodge of Missouri was instituted at St. Louis, July 7, 1871, seven lodges participating. Samuel Reed, Supreme Chancellor, was the instituting officer. W. H. H. Russell, a prominent lawyer of St. Louis, was elected Grand Chancellor. There are now fifty-four lodges in Missouri, with about three thousand four hundred members. The lodges in St. Louis are as follows :
Name and Number.
When Instituted.
Member- ship.
Missouri, No. 2.
May 7, 1870 62
Germania, No. 6
March 10, 1871.
113
St. Louis, No. 7
.April 7, 1871.
30
Crescent, No. 10 .. Oct. 19, 1871. 30
Lincoln, No. 18
Feb. 9, 1872 .. 39
Excelsior, No. 19 ..
.April 5, 1872 ..
77
Pride of the West, No. 24 .June 29, 1872.
49
Damon, No. 28 .. .. Oct. 28, 1872.
148
Red Cross, No. 54 .July 5, 1878 ..
82
Brilliant, No. 55.
.Aug. 11, 1878
101
Paragon, No. 58. .. Aug. 7, 1880.
80
Golden Crown, No. 62. .Aug. 19, 1880.
114
Aurora, No. 64.
.May 13, 1881
23
Scandia, No. 67. .. Sept. 24, 1881.
28
Monitor, No. 68.
Jan. 31, 1882
43
Chevalier, No. 70
Feb. 24, 1882 52
Total 1071
This order has " endowment sections," paying death benefits of one thousand, two thousand, and three thousand dollars ; and " uniform divisions," in which members enjoy the advantage of a rigid military drill. The present Grand Lodge officers are-
G. C., R. H. Maybury, Kausas City ; G. V. C., W. A. Radcliffe, Sedalia; G. P., Rev. John Gierlow, St. Louis; G. K. of R., T. R. Gelwicks, St. Louis ; G. M. of .E., Adam Theis, Hannibal ; Supreme Representatives, R. E. Cowan, Judge John A. Lacey.
1802
HISTORY OF SAINT LOUIS.
Colored Knights of Pythias .- The first lodge of Knights of Pythias (colored) was organized in 1880, and the second in 1881. The membership of the two is about one hundred. There is but one other lodge in Missouri, at Kansas City ; and there is no State Grand Lodge. The Supreme Lodge is repre- sented by W. T. Mumford, Deputy Supreme Chaneel- lor Commanding.
The Ancient Order of United Workmen, a secret beneficial organization, which pays two thousand dollars on the death of members, collected on the " co- operative" or " mutual assessment" plan of one dollar from each member, as may be needed, originated in Pennsylvania in 1868, and quite early found a foot- hold in St. Louis, the first lodge (St. Louis Lodge, No. 1) having been organized May 12, 1875, by R. L. Miller. Within the next year five more lodges were started in the city, and April 25, 1876, the " Grand Lodge of Missouri" was organized by R. L. Miller, D.D., S. M. W., six lodges participating. The first officers of the Grand Lodge were-
P. G. M. W., R. L. Miller; G. M. W., Hermann Kramer; G. G. F., E. Roband; G. O., William Brenneke; G. G., J. O. Hubler; G. R., William C. Richardson ; G. Rec., E. F. Schreiner ; G. W., R. L. Mueller; Trustees, C. W. Thiel, Wil- liam Von Ahnen, F. Krage.
The object of the order is partly beneficiary and partly educational, and for the latter purpose the in- fant Grand Lodge proceeded to raise funds for estab- lishing a library by enaeting that one-tenth of its gross receipts should yearly be set aside for that ob- jeet, and that each subordinate lodge should annually be assessed one dollar for every member for the same end. This project was ultimately abandoned, and the order confined itself chiefly to its benevolent aims and attained a great popularity, there being now in the Missouri jurisdiction about two hundred and forty- five lodges, with seven thousand nine hundred and ten members.
In August, 1878, the Missouri lodges, having at- tained a membership exceeding two thousand, were accorded " separate jurisdiction ;" and in October, 1878, the Grand Lodge was legally chartered, the in- corporators being Dr. William C. Richardson, A. Willhartitz, and William Brenneke. In order to afford members of the order insurance to an amount excceding two thousand dollars, the Grand Legion of Select Knights, an endowment rank, was in March, 1880, organized ; it allows three thousand dollars ad- ditional insurance, and there are twenty-four legions and about seven hundred and fifty members in this jurisdiction. Since the order was established in Mis- souri it has had two hundred and eight deaths, and
las disbursed four hundred and sixteen thousand dollars to the widows and children of deceased mem- bers, at an average yearly cost of fifteen dollars and fifty eents per two thousand dollars insurance.
The present offieers of the Grand Lodge of Mis- souri are-
G. M. W., H. L. Rogers, St. Louis ; G. F., D. H. Shields, Han- nibal; G. O., W. D. Crandall, Brookfield ; G. Recorder, W. C. Richardson, St. Louis ; G. Receiver, John D. Vincil, St. Louis ; G. G., S. A. Underwood, Joplin ; G. W., W. C. Smith, Holden ; P. G. M. W., J. A. Brooks, Warrensburg; G. Med. Ex., William C. Richardson, M.D., St. Louis; G. L., P. P. Ellis, New Flor- ence, Mo .; Reps. to Supreme Lodge, William C. Richardson, J. A. Brooks, H. L. Rogers.
The following table gives a list of the lodges in St. Louis City and County, with date of institution, ete. :
Name and Number.
When Instituted.
Member- ship.
St. Louis, No. 1 May 12, 1875. 83
Germania, No. 2
July, 1875.
73
United, No. 3 ..
October, 1875.
89
Missouri, No. 4. March, 1876.
72
Enterprise, No. 5.
March, 1876
97
Washington, No. 6. March, 1876
Franklin, No. 8 ..
May 15, 1876.
70 47 73
'Schiller, No. 9 .. August, 1876.
American, No. 10 .Oct. 15, 1876 ..
Chouteau Valley, No. 11
Jan. 26, 1877
Concordia, No. 13
March 12, 1877.
Jefferson, No. 14.
March 9, 1877 ..
Welcome, No. 16.
March 27, 1877.
Meta, No. 19
May 27, 1877.
Union, No. 20 ..
. May 25, 1877.
Security, No. 44.
Jan. 18, 1875. Feb. 25, 1878.
87 85
Prospect, No. 52
March 16, 1878
Globe, No. 54.
March 30, 1878
Central, No. 57
April 23, 1878
Peateom, No. 59.
June 5, 1878 ..
Beckville, No. 66. July 8, 1878 ..
Anvil, No. 75.
Standard, No. 80 Oct. 3, 1878
.Aug. 24, 1878 SO 98 21 34
Lindell, No. 211. Dec. 7, 1880.
Lyon, No. 222 July 30, 1881.
97
Helvetia, No. 234 Oct. 31, ISS1
58
North Star, No. 245 March 24, 1882 36
Total 2318
Knights and Ladies of Honor .- This is a seeret benevolent institution to assist the siek and distressed. It was organized at Louisville, Ky., in 1878, origin- ally for the benefit of members of the Knights of Honor and their female relatives, but lately the re- striction has been removed, and any persons of " rep- utable profession, business, or occupation" may be ad- mitted. It pays death benefits ranging from one thou- sand dollars to three thousand dollars, and is believed to be the first society of its kind to admit female mem- bers to insurance on equal terms with men. The first lodge in St. Louis was organized Jan. 21, 1876, by T. W. Seymour, Supreme Deputy. The Grand Lodge of Missouri was instituted in August, 1878, with the following officers, all of St. Louis :
46 58 65
203 94 60 58
Covenant, No. 50.
55 263 110 78 28
Fenton, No. 180. Feb. 11, 1880.
RELIGIOUS, BENEVOLENT, SOCIAL, SECRET, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS.
1803
P. G. P., W. H. Haskell; G. P., Thomas R. Dunn ; G. V. P., C. M. Riley; G. Sec., Robert Herries ; G. Treas., W. H. Has- kell; G. Chap., W. A. Halstead; G. G., W. L, Graydon; G. Guard, J. C. Zabriski; G. S., E. J. Williamson ; G. Trustces, George Cochrane, Edw. C. Winter, F. D. Macbeth : Supreme Representatives, Frecman Wright, C. M. Riley.
The executive Grand Lodge officers are-
G. P., J. M. Thomas, St. Louis; G. Sec., Freeman Wright, St. Louis; G. Trcas., Mrs. E. A. Graydon, St. Louis.
Freeman Wright, of St. Louis, is also Supreme Secretary, and Mrs. E. A. Graydon is also Supreme Chaplain.
There are twenty-four lodges in Missouri, with fourteen hundred and ninety-six members. St. Louis has the following :
Name and Number.
When Instituted.
Member- ship.
Initial, No. 1. Jan. 21, 1876. 80
Protection, No. 19 .Feb. 23, 1878 102
Rachel, No. 30.
. April 1, 1878. 60
Concordia, No. 48.
. May 27, 1878 84
West Gate, No. 56 June 20, 1878 81
St. Ange, No. 172. .Aug. 29, 1878 74
Germania, No. 210.
.Dec. 5, 1879.
78
Amelia, No. 211.
. Dec. 13, 1879
34
Ivy, No. 237 ... Feb. 3, 1880
66
Eintracht, No. 316. .May 27, 1880. 316
Olive Branch, No. 319 ... May 14, 1881.
47 66
Jewel of the West, No. 349 .. .. July 31, 1880.
North Star, No. 392. . Feb. 15, 1881.
33
Victoria, No. 393 .. Feb. 21, 1881.
92
Pride of St. Louis, No. 409 March 21, 1881 48
Era, No. 511. . April 8, 1882 32
Garfield, No. 516. April 14, 1882.
73
Martha Washington, No. 472 ... Jan. 27, 1881
79
Mutual, No. 529. .. April 7, 1882. 33
Golden Crown, No. 531 . April 28, 1882. 62
Total
1540
Improved Order of Red Men .- The order of Red Men is peculiarly an American institution, originating, according to the records of the Great Council of the United States, in 1812, at Fort Mifflin, Pa., on the Delaware. This, however, is denied by Judge George W. Lindsay, of Baltimore, who claims that lodges of the society of Red Men existed in Annapolis, Md., as early as 1771. However this may be, the order ranks among the oldest protective and benevolent societies of the country. The Tammany Society, of Annapolis, Md., which is supposed to be the first society of Red Men, celebrates May 1st as the anniversary of the order. This socicty had its origin, or was an offshoot of a society known as the "Sons of Liberty," which took active part against the Stamp Act. May 1st was celebrated for many years by the Annapolis Red Men, and on these occasions it was the custom of the mem- bers to clothe themselves as children of the forest and perform the " war-dance" and imitate many other In- dian customs. On the 20th of May, 1835, the Great Council of the Improved Order of Red Men of Mary- land was organized, and in 1847 the Great Council of the United States first mnet.
The first tribe in Missouri (Minnehaha Tribe) was established in St. Louis about 1858, and Mohawk and Cherokce Tribes were soon after instituted. These seem to have been the only tribes until after the war. Two of them worked in the English tongue and the other in German. There is no record of any new tribes in the city until about 1870, when the existing lodges began to be instituted.
The present officers of the Great Tribe arc-
Sachem, Eugene Hirsch, St. Louis; Senior Sagamore, Henry Strattman, St. Louis; Junior Sagamore, Jacob Frank, St. Louis ; Prophet, C. A. Brennmehl, St. Louis; Record-Keeper, Joseph Witzel, St. Louis; Wampum-Keeper, Philip Neu, St. Louis.
There are nine tribes of this order in St. Louis, all working in German, and having about four hundred and fifty members. The society is beneficiary, with death and sick benefits.
Independent Order of Red Men .- This society was started by the withdrawal of certain members in Baltimore from the Improved Order of Red Men in 1850. The Grand Tribe of the Independent Order of Red Men was chartercd June 11th of that year. At one period the order flourished in St. Louis, and within but a year or two there were perhaps a dozen lodges, but all traces have been lost.
American Legion of Honor .- This is a secret benevolent order, established at Boston, Mass., in 1878, and incorporated in 1879. It embraces a membership ranging from eighteen to sixty-five years, and pays death benefits of five hundred, one thousand, two thousand, three thousand, four thousand, and five thousand dollars. Assessments are graded according to age of candidate upon becoming a member. The order was introduced into St. Louis June 16, 1880, when the first council was instituted by Michael Brooks, of St. Louis, representative of the Supreme Council. On Sept. 19, 1881, the Grand Council of Missouri was institutcd with the following charter members : Michael. Brooks, Andrew B. Barbce, M.D., Wilber B. Cook, Thomas S. Hogan, James S. Han- nan, Asa B. Ecoff, James J. Dockery, Edward F. Schulz, W. Mardorf, M. Tuhbesing, Charles J. Wend- ling, John C. Rivers, John M. Collins, and Dr. Ed- ward W. Dewces. The first and present officers of the Grand Council are-
G. C., Michael Brooks, St. Louis ; G. V. C., A. B. Barbee, M.D., Tower Grove; G. O., Wilbur B. Cook, St. Louis ; G. Sec., Thomas S. Hogan, St. Louis ; G. Treas., W. Mardorf, St. Louis; P. G. C., James S. Hannan, St. Louis ; Trustees, John M. Collins, St. Louis; J. Walter Bayse, Bowling Green ; Charles J. Wendling, St. Louis ; Supreme Representative, Michael Brooks, St. Louis ; Alternatc, J. C. Rivers, St. Louis.
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