USA > New York > History of the state of New York, political and governmental, Vol. V > Part 28
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"It is well to recall an accompaniment of this thirty years of partisan electioneering based upon a grand chorus of howls against an alleged corrupt organiza- tion and its corrupt leaders. During much of that period we have had Republican Governors, Legislatures, and Attorney-Generals, not to speak of actively hostile Dis-
418
POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
trict Attorneys and investigating committees. They tried hard enough, their will was good. They wanted, badly enough, to send some Tammany man to jail. But it remains to be said that their combined efforts did not succeed in bringing to the door of Tammany Hall, to any Tammany leader or to any high Tammany official, any evidence of official peculation or of moral de- pravity.
"Malice, bigotry, envy, and disappointment are often concealed under the cloak of reform. Hypocritical cant about the corrupt machine and the corrupt 'boss' is a ready weapon for political assault, but the fact stands out that nothing is ever proven to support this structure of defamation. Usually the charges are mere campaign fakery. Even when the voice of the campaign liar is heard above every other voice it rattles only for a short while and then dies away into the nothingness from which it was evoked by partisan rancor. Do not under- stand that Tammany quarrels with those who, in the belief that evils and abuses exist, honestly try to unearth them and try in good faith to find a remedy for them. But wildcat allegations from political humbugs are not to be confused with honest differences of opinion on governmental affairs. And worse than all else are the political bushwhackers who adopt the theory that Josh Billings once elucidated, that 'A lie well stuck to is as good as the truth.'
"In defaming Tammany so indiscriminately they re- flect upon the morality, intelligence, and integrity of the citizenry of the foremost city of the world. The suppo- sition is too absurd for a moment's consideration that a
419
TAMMANY
great city like ours would tolerate for so many genera- tions or permit for so many years that its government should be controlled and manipulated by dishonest men whose objects were plunder and the fostering of immo- rality. I regret that there are pages in Tammany's his- tory that I wish were not there. But at no period in the one hundred and thirty years of Tammany's life have we claimed any special exemption from the frailties of human nature. And why condemn the many for the faults of the few? With an unreasoning inconsistency partisan libellers, who claim a monopoly of piety, vir- tue, and morality, are ever ready to paralyze the use- fulness of our organization because of the faults of the few, whereas for a sinner guilty of more atrocious of- fenses in other walks of life they reverse the rule. It recalls the lines :
" 'In men whom men condemn as ill I find so much of goodness still, In men whom men pronounce divine I find so much of sin and blot,
I hesitate to draw the line Between the two, where God has not.' "
INDEX
ABILITY, Character and, 189-190. Abolition Party, The: Its futility, 19, 165; Establishment of (1840), 222; Its extreme proposals not accepted by the Republican party, 244.
Abolitionists, The, and the Constitu- tion, 299.
Adams, Charles Francis: A founder of the Republican party, 27; Min- ister to Great Britain, 68, 69.
Adams, John: "The rich, the well- born, and the able," 173; on democ- racy, 177; 186; 201.
(1) Adams, John Quincy: A leader of the early Democracy, 201; 203; Elected President in 1824, 206; De- feated for reelection, 207-208; Supports the National Republican- Whig party, 209.
(2) Adams, John Quincy: Straight-out Democratic nominee for Vice-Presi- dent in 1872, 98, 287.
African Slave Trade, The: Republi- can declaration concerning in 1860, 48, 260; Stephen A. Douglas on, 260-261.
Agriculture: Republican measures in the interest of, 65, 134; Dissatisfac- tion of the farmers in 1910-12, 139; The troublesome agricultural vote, 288-289; Legislation in the interest of during Wilson's first administra- tion, 321-322 .- See also "Home- steads" and "Public Lands."
"Alabama" Claims, The, 69-70, 95.
Alaska: The purchase of, 72-73, 127; Settlement of the boundary, 129.
Aldermanic Investigation in New York City, 362.
Aldrich, Nelson W., 136.
Aldrich-Vreeland Currency Bill, The, 136.
Alien and Sedition Laws, The, 188.
Allegiance, The Question of, 86-87, 92-93.
Amendments to the Constitution: The first ten (Bill of Rights), 174; Twelfth, concerning election of President and Vice-President, 192; Thirteenth, abolishing slavery, 56, 77-78, 278, 280, 286; Fourteenth and Fifteenth, for civil rights, etc., and Negro suffrage, 77-84, 276, 280, 282; Sixteenth, concerning Income tax, 320-321; Seventeenth, for popular election of Senators, 320-321; Eigh- teenth, for Prohibition, 166; Nine- teenth, for Woman Suffrage, 150- 152, 351-352; Proposed amendment guaranteeing non-interference with slavery at the south, 271-272.
"American Creed," The, 396-397.
American Party, The (American Al- liance), 113.
American Party, The (Know-Noth-
ings), 19, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 44, 48, 240, 244, 247, 248, 252, 263.
American Republics, Bureau of, 128.
American Sugar Refining Company, The, 134. American Tobacco Company, The, 134.
Ames, Fisher, 186.
Anderson, Major: Commander in
Charleston harbor, 268, 270.
Annexation of Cuba, Proposed, 45, 242, 262.
Annexation of Texas, The, 25, 225, 226, 227, 230.
Anthony, Susan B .: Championship of Woman Suffrage, 150; Constitution- al Amendment named for, 151.
Anti-Federalists, The, 174, 358.
Anti-Lecompton Democrats, The, 39, 41, 250.
Anti-Masonic Party, The, 19, 208, 222. Anti-Monopoly Party, The, 110, 112, 301.
Anti-Nebraskans, The, 240, 241, 243. Anti-Trust Laws, 132, 133, 317, 321.
420
421
INDEX
Aorson's Tavern, 370.
Arbitration of International Questions: The Geneva award, 67-70, 95; Re- publican policy, 130; Results of President Cleveland's action con- cerning Venezuela, 309; Inter- national Court, 332.
Aristocratic Government : Favored by the Federalists, 173, 175-178.
Arthur, Chester A .: Nominated and elected Vice-President by Republi- cans in 1880, 106, 107, 294-295; President, 108-109, 110, 295. Ash, Thomas, 371.
Ashmun, George: A founder of the Republican party, 27; Permanent chairman of Republican convention of 1860, 46.
BAKER, GARDNER, 371.
Balance of the Sections, The: Disar- ranged by the admission of Califor- nia, 235; Further disarranged by the admissions of Minnesota and Oregon, 251-252.
Baltimore: Conventions held in, 45, 57, 98, 226, 258, 263, 286, 318.
Bank of the United States, The: Re- establishment of in 1816, 202-203 ; Jackson's war against, 211, 216-217; 218; Democratic platform attitude concerning, 220; 227; 313. Bankhead, Henry M., 408.
Banks: See "Bank of the United States," "Farm Loan Banks," "Fed- eral Reserve System," and "Nation- al Banks."
Banks, Nathaniel P .: A founder of the Republican party, 27; Elected Speaker, 31, 243 ; 33; Declines Know-Nothing nomination, 34.
"Barbarism, Relics of," 30, 104, 243. Barbary States, War against the, 189. Barker, Wharton, 311. Barnburners, The, 232-233.
Bassett, Ebenezer, 386. Bates, Edward, 49. Bayard, Samuel, 378. Beecher, Henry Ward: Early sup- port of the Republican party, 28; Supports Cleveland in 1884, 300. Bell, John: Presidential nominee of the Constitutional Unionists in 1860, 45, 50-51, 263, 264-265. Belmont, August, 391.
Benson, Allan L., 325. Benson, Egbert, 378. Bentley, Charles E., 311. Bidwell, John, 306.
Big Business: The Republican Party and, 131; The Democrats and, 314; 315-316.
Bill of Rights, The National, 174.
Billion Dollar Congress, The First, 304.
Bimetallism by International Agree- ment, 307.
Birney, James G .: Presidential can- didate of the Liberty party, 227.
Black, Jeremiah S .: Buchanan's Sec- retary of State, 269.
Blackfan, Joseph H .: Civil Service Commissioner, 95.
Blaine, James G .: Republican candi- date for President in 1884, 111, 300- 301.
Blair, Francis P .: A founder of the Republican party, 27; Presides over Pittsburgh convention of the Repub- licans in 1856, 32-33.
Blair, Francis P., Jr., Vice-Presiden- tial candidate of the Democrats in 1868, 284.
Blair, Montgomery: A founder of the Republican party, 27.
Bland, Richard P., 123. Bland-Allison Act, The, 123, 293, 310. Bleecker, Anthony, 378.
Blocks of Five, 303.
Borah, William E .: Opposes the League of Nations, 331.
Border Ruffian Wars, The, 241.
Border States, The: Classed with the south before the Civil War, 261; Loyalty of to the Union, 266; 277. Boutwell, George S .: A founder of the Republican party, 27.
Bovay, A. E .: Early Republican or- ganizer, 29.
Boyd, William, 387.
Bradner, D. B .: on chemical war- fare, 338. .
Breckinridge, John C .: Nominated and elected Vice-President by the Democrats in 1856, 247, 248; Presi- dential candidate of the southern Democracy in 1860, 45, 50, 258, 264- 265.
422
POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Brown, B. Gratz: Liberal Republican and Democratic candidate for Vice- President in 1872, 97, 286; 288. Brown, John: Raid of, 38, 262.
Bryan, William J .: Democratic, Pop- ulist, and Silver candidate for Pres- ident in 1896, 116, 117, 309, 310; Candidacy in 1900, 118, 119, 311; Candidacy in 1908, 136, 312; at the Democratic convention of 1912, 139; Leadership of, 312.
Bryant, William Cullen: A founder of the Republican party, 27.
Buchanan, James: Nominated and elected President by the Democrats in 1856, 35, 36, 247, 248; and Doug- las, 39, 259; 47; and secession, 52- 53, 266-270; Veto of the Homestead bill, 63; Notable events of his ad- ministration, 249-252.
Buckner, Simon B., 117, 310.
Budget, 141, 158.
Buffalo: Free Soil convention held in, 233.
Burchard, Samuel D .: "Rum, Roman- ism, and Rebellion," 300.
Burger, John, 371.
Burr, Aaron: and Tammany, 374, 375, 376.
Business, 131, 141, 314, 315-316.
Butler, Benjamin F., 301.
Butler, Nicholas Murray: on poli- tics, 17.
CALHOUN, JOHN C .: Vice-Presi- dent, and nullification, 212.
California: Acquisition of, 227; Ad- mission, 234-235; Early support of the Democratic party, 255.
Cameron, Simon, 49.
Campaign Contributions : 165, 302, 303, 350.
Campbell, John, 371.
Canal: See "Panama Canal."
Canada and Reciprocity, 138, 139.
Candidates of the Parties: Republi- can, (1856), 32-35, 243-244; (1860), 45-49, 259-262; (1864), 57, 277-278; (1868), 86-87, 285; (1872), 98-99, 287; (1876), 103-104, 290; (1880), 106, 294; (1884), 111, 300; (1888), 112-113, 302; (1892), 114, 305; (1896), 116-117, 310; (1900), 118, 311; (1904), 133, 311; (1908), 135, 312; (1912), 139, 318; (1916), 142,
323; (1920), 158, 342-343 .- Demo- cratic, (1832), 208, 221; (1836), 217- 218; (1840), 219; (1844), 226-227; (1848), 231-233 ; (1852), 238; (1856), 35, 247; (1860), 44-45, 257- 258; (1864), 56-57, 278 ; (1868), 85- 86, 284; (1872), 98, 286-287; (1876), 104, 290; (1880), 107, 293-294; (1884), 111, 298; (1888), 112, 302- 303; (1892), 114-115, 305; (1896), 116, 309; (1900), 118, 311; (1904), 133, 311; (1908), 136, 312; (1912), 139-140, 318-319; (1916), 142-143, 323; (1920), 158-159, 340-342 .- For the Candidates of other parties see the following party titles: "Aboli- tion," "American," "Anti-Masonic," "Anti-Monopoly," "Constitutional Union," "Equal Rights," "Farmer- Labor," "Federalist," "Free Soil," "Gold Democrats," "Greenback," "Independence," "Liberal Republi- can," "Liberty," "National Republi- can," "Nationalist," "Nullification- ists," "People's" "Progressive," "Prohibition," "Radical Republicans," "Republican, The Early," "Silver," "Single Tax," "Social Democratic," "Socialist," "Socialist Labor," "Straight-out Democrats," "Union Labor," and "Whig."
Cannon, Joseph G .: Speaker of the House, 315, 317.
Carnegie Company, The: and the Homestead strikers, 306.
Carpetbag Governments, The, 276, 281.
Carroll, John J., 393.
Cass, Lewis: Democratic Presidential candidate in 1848, 231, 233.
Catholics, The: Know-Nothing an- tagonism of, 240, 247-248.
Cattell, Alexander G .: Civil Service Commissioner, 95.
Censure of President Jackson, 217.
Chafin, Eugene W., 312, 319.
Chandler, Zachariah: A founder of the Republican party, 27.
Character and Ability, 189-190.
Charleston (S. C.) : Democratic con- vention of 1860 in, 44-45, 257-258; President Jackson's naval expedition to (1832), 212; The question of the forts (1860-61), 267, 268, 270, 274.
423
INDEX
Chase, Salmon P .: A founder of the Republican party, 27; 44; 49.
Cheeseman, Forman, 386.
Chemical Warfare: D. B. Bradner on, 338.
Chicago: Conventions held in, 46, 86, 157, 259, 278, 298, 309, 318, 323, 342.
Child Labor, 135, 141, 158, 321.
China: The Open door, 128.
Chinese Immigration, 106, 110, 111, 294.
Choate, Rufus: A leader of the Whig party, 209; on the Republican party, 244.
Cincinnati: Convention of the Liberal- Republicans, 97, 286.
Civil Rights Law, The, 78.
Civil Service, The, 94-95, 98, 110, 111, 210-211, 286, 290, 296-297, 302, 304. Civil War, The, 52-58, 67-69, 249, 266, 274-279, 387-388.
Clay, Henry: 19; Early support of the Democracy, 201; Defeat for President in 1824, 206; Secretary of State, 207; Defeat in 1832, 208; Leader of the National Republican- Whig party, 209; 211; 214; 220; 224; Defeat in 1844, 227; Refused the Whig nomination in 1848, 233; Champions Compromise measures of 1850, 236; His slaves, 246.
Clayton, John M .: A leader of the Whig party, 209.
Clayton Anti-Trust Law, The, 321.
Clemenceau, Georges, Premier of France : and the League of Nations, 331.
Cleveland, Grover: Elected Governor of New York in 1882, 295; Nomi- nated and elected President by the Democrats in 1884, 111-112, 298, 300-301; First administration, 112, 301-302; Renomination and defeat in 1888, 112-113, 302-303; Third nomi- nation and election in 1892, 114- 115, 305-306; Second administration, 115-116, 307-309; 123-124.
Clinton, DeWitt: Presidential candi- dacy in 1812, 196; 377; Tammany and, 379; 387.
Clinton, George: 195; Vice-President, 196.
Cochrane, John, 388.
Coffee: Reduction and repeal of duty on, 94, 95, 100.
Colfax, Schuyler: A founder of the Republican party, 27; Elected Vice- President by the Republicans in 1868, 86, 285.
Collamer, Jacob, 49.
Collective Bargaining, 158.
Colombia: The claims of, 322.
Columbian Order, The: A name for Tammany, 367.
Committee of Ninety-six, The Ger- man (1920), 346.
Committee of Seventy, The New York City (1871), 389-390.
Common Schools: Early movement for, 198; Tammany's part in estab- lishing, 385-387.
Competition, Fair Methods in, 321.
Compromise, The Crittenden (con- cerning the Missouri line), 271.
Compromise, The English (concerning Kansas), 250.
Compromise, The Missouri: Enactment of, 24-25, 205, 208-209; Its provis- ions inapplicable to territory gained by the Mexican War, 228; Efforts to extend the line to the Pacific, 235, 271.
Compromise, The Thurlow Weed (concerning the Missouri line), 271. Compromise Measures of 1850, 235- 238.
Compromise Tariff of 1833, 59.
Confederacy, The, 266. Confederates, The: Debts of, 82; Restoration of political rights to, 94, 96.
"Confiscation of the lands of the rebels," 277.
Congressional Caucus, The, 197, 221.
"Congressional Policy," The, against President Johnson, 284.
Connolly, Richard B., 391.
Conservation of Natural Resources, 134-135, 141, 164-165, 321.
Constitution, The New York: Tam- many and the reform of in 1821, 380-383.
Constitution, The United States: Adop- tion of in 1787, 173-174; Strict or liberal construction of? 26; The Democrats as strict constructionists, 192; and the embargo, 195, 202-203 ; and Nullification-Jackson's immor-
424
POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
tal declaration, 212-213; and the question of Internal Improvements, 215; and slavery in the States, 229- 230, 254-255; The Abolitionists and, 229; and slavery in the Territories, 37, 43, 47-48, 247, 249, 252, 257; Early Democratic declarations "Limited powers," etc., 231-232; Re- publican declaration of 1856, 244; Democratic declaration of 1856, 247; Democratic declarations of 1860- south vs. north, 257; Declaration of the Constitutional Unionists, 263; Democratic platform of 1884, 298- 299; and the tariff, 120; and the League of Nations question, 155, 342 .- Amendments to: The first ten (Bill of Rights), 174; Twelfth, con- cerning election of President and Vice-President, 192; Thirteenth, abolishing slavery, 56, 77-78, 278, 280, 286; Fourteenth and Fifteenth, for civil rights, etc., and Negro suf- frage, 77-84, 276, 280, 282; Six- teenth, concerning Income tax, 320- 321; Seventeenth, for popular elec- tion of Senators, 320-321; Eigh- teenth, for Prohibition, 166; Nine- teenth, for Woman Suffrage, 150-152, 351-352; Proposed amendment guar- anteeing non-interference with slav- ery at the south, 271-272.
Constitutional Union Party of 1860: 19; 44; Nominations, attitude, and vote, 45, 263, 264-265; 55; 165-166. "Contraction of the currency," 89-90. Conventions: "See Candidates of the Parties."
Coolidge, Calvin: Nominated and elected Vice-President by the Repub- licans in 1920, 158, 343.
Cooper, Peter, 105, 290.
Cooper Institute : Lincoln's speech in, 253.
Corcoran, General, 388.
Corporations, 133-134, 141, 294, 299, 303, 306, 315-316, 321.
Corrigan, Charles H., 312.
Corwin, Thomas: A founder of the Republican party, 27; 271.
Council of Revision, The New York, 380.
Court, International, 332-333.
Courts, The: The Progressive party and, 318.
"Covenant with death and agreement with hell," 229.
Cox, David C .: Civil Service Com- missioner, 95.
Cox, James M .: Elected Governor of Ohio in 1912, 320; Democratic can- didate for President in 1920, 159, 161-163, 342, 349, 350, 351, 352. Cox, William W., 161.
Crawford, William H., 206, 221.
Credit Mobilier, The, 364.
Crittenden Compromise, The, 271.
Crittenden Resolution, The, 276.
Croker, Richard: Leader of Tam- many, 392, 393, 415.
Cuba: Proposed annexation of, 45, 242, 262; Liberation of, 127.
Cummings, Amos J., 392.
Curtis, George William: Early sup- port of the Republican party, 28; Civil Service Commissioner, 95; Supports Cleveland in 1884, 300.
DANISH West Indies, The, 127, 322. Darlington, James H., 408.
Davis, David, 288.
Davis, Henry G .: Democratic can- didate for Vice-President in 1904, 133, 311.
Davis, Jefferson, 266.
Dayton, William L .: Republican can- didate for Vice-President in 1856, 34, 243; 49; 71.
Debs, Eugene V., 161, 311, 312, 319, 351.
Debt, The National, after the Civil War, 86, 87.
Debts of the Confederates, 82.
Democratic Party, The: History of, 169-353.
Democratic-Republican Party, The: See "Republican Party, The Early."
Demonetization of Silver, 100, 122. Department of Labor, The, 321.
Deposits, The: Jackson and, 211, 217. Dingley, Nelson, 118.
Dingley Tariff, The, 118, 119, 315. Discriminations in Rates, 302.
District of Columbia, The: Abolition of the slave trade in, 236.
(1) Dix, John A .: Buchanan's Sec- retary of the Treasury, 269-270.
(2) Dix, John A .: Governor of New York in 1911-12, 395.
Dollar Diplomacy, 322.
425
INDEX
Dominican Republic, The, 322.
Donelson, Andrew Jackson, 247.
Douglas, Stephen A .: Leads in the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, 238-239; Opposition to the Lecomp- ton Constitution, 38-39, 250; De- bates with Lincoln, 41-43, 253, 254; Presidential candidate of the north- ern Democrats in 1860, 45, 50, 258- 260, 263-265; Support of Lincoln's administration, 274.
Dow, Neal, 108, 295.
Dowling, Joseph, 391.
Dred Scott Decision, The, 37, 39, 45, 47, 249.
du Pont de Nemours Company, The, 134.
Duffield, Howard, 404.
Dunn, John J., 408. Dunn, Thomas J., 392.
EDGE, WALTER E., 137.
Education, 102, 104, 106, 198, 385-387. Egbert, Benjamin, 387.
Eight-hour Law, The, 111.
Elections, Presidential (showing party successes ) : 1789, 1792, and 1796, Federalist, 171, 174-175; 1800, Dem- ocratic-Republican, 171, 185; 1804, Democratic-Republican, 194; 1808, Democratic-Republican, 195; 1812, Democratic-Republican, 196; 1816
and 1820, Democratic-Republican, 203; 1824, Democratic-Republican, 205-206; 1828 and 1832, Democratic, 207-208; 1836, Democratic, 217-218 ; 1840, Whig, 219; 1844, Democratic, 227; 1848, Whig, 233; 1852, Dem- ocratic, 237-238 ; 1856, Democratic, 35-36, 247-248 ; 1860, Republican 49-51, 263-265; 1864, Republican, 57-58, 278-279; 1868, Republican, 87, 285; 1872, Republican, 99-100, 287- 288; 1876, Republican, 104-105, 290- 292; 1880, Republican, 107-108, 293- 295; 1884, Democratic, 111-112, 300- 301; 1888, Republican, 13, 303-304; 1892, Democratic, 114-115, 305-306; 1896, Republican, 117-118, 310-311; 1900, Republican, 118-119, 311; 1904, Republican, 132-133, 311; 1908, Republican, 136, 312; 1912, Democratic, 140, 318-319; 1916, Democratic, 142-143, 324-325; 1920, Republican, 160-163, 349-351.
Elections Law, The Federal, 106, 285, 293, 304.
Electoral Commission, The, 104-105, 292.
Electors, Presidential: Popular choice of, 200.
Ellicott, E. B .: Civil Service Com- missioner, 95.
Emancipation: Difficulties in the way of, 229-230, 246; Lincoln's disavow- al of radical design, 253; The Proclamation, 54-55; No objection to the Thirteenth amendment raised by the Democrats in 1864, 278 .- See Thirteenth amendment.
Embargo, The (1807), 194-195. Emergency Currency, 135.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo: Support of the Republican party, 28.
Emmet, Robert: Presides over Repub- lican convention of 1860, 33. Employers' Liability, 135.
England: See "Great Britain."
English, William H .: Author of compromise relating to Kansas, 250; Democratic candidate for Vice- President in 1880, 107, 293.
Equal Rights, The Principle of, 173, 181, 190-191, 204.
Equal Rights (Woman Suffrage) Party, The, 110, 113.
Erie Canal, The: Tammany and, 378-379.
Ernest, Anthony, 371.
Evarts, William M., 49.
Everett, Edward: Constitutional Unionist candidate for Vice-Presi- dent in 1860, 45, 263.
Ewing, Thomas (the elder) : A lead- er of the Whigs, 209. Expansion, Territorial, 126-130, 188, 205, 227-228. Expatriation, The Right of, 86-87, 92-93, 141.
"FAILURE to restore the Union," 278. Fairbanks, Charles W .: Nominated and elected Vice-President by the Republicans in 1904, 133, 311; Nom- inated and defeated in 1916, 142, 323.
Farm Loan Banks, 321.
Farmer-Labor Party, The, 161, 343- 344, 351. Farmers, The: See "Agriculture."
426
POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Farmers' Alliance, The, 115.
"Fat-frying," 303.
Federal Reserve System, The, 136-137, 314, 320-321.
Federal Trade Commission, The, 321. Federalist Party, The: 22; Control- ling ideas, 173, 175-179; Defeat in 1800, 185; Merits and demerits, 186-188; Jefferson: "We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists," 193; Collapse, 194; Support of De- Witt Clinton in 1812, 196; End, 203; Supporters generally join the National Republican-Whig party, 209; Participation in Presidential elections (1789-1816), 174-175, 185, 194, 195, 196, 203; 352; 358; 365. Fenton, Peter, Jr., 386. Fiat Money, 90.
Fifteenth Amendment (Negro Suf- frage), 84, 200, 276, 280, 282, 286, 352.
Fifth Avenue Hotel, The: The Bur- chard incident at, 300.
Fifty-four Forty, 226, 228.
Fillmore, Millard: President, signs the Compromise measures, 235, 236; Presidential candidate of the Know- Nothings and Whigs in 1856, 34, 35, 36, 247, 248.
Financial: The Bank of the United States, 202-203, 211, 213-214, 216-220 ; The Independent Treasury, 219; The National bank system, 61-62, 100; the Legal Tender act, 62-63; Financial questions from 1864 to 1876, 85-91, 107, 286, 288, 290; The Bland-Allison act, 123, 293; Re- sumption, 88-89, 91, 101, 104, 106, 286; 294; The Silver question, 100, 117, 122-125, 293, 305, 306-308, 309- 311, 313-314; Emergency currency, Aldrich bill, Federal Reserve sys- tem, and Farm Loan banks, 135, 136-137, 314, 320-321.
Fisk, Clinton B., 304.
Fisk, James, 364.
Fitzpatrick, Benjamin: Declines the northern Democratic nomination for Vice-President in 1860, 258.
Florida: Acquisition of, 205, 228.
Floyd, John: Nullificationist candi- date for President in 1832, 208.
Folger, Charles J., 295.
Foraker, Joseph B., 296.
Force Bills, 106, 285, 293, 304. Foreign Relations: The Federalists
and, 186; The Louisiana Purchase, 188; The Embargo, 194-195; Dec- laration of the Monroe doctrine and acquisition of Florida, 205; Ques- tions involved in the Meican war, and the result of the war, 225-228; The Oregon question, 225-226, 228; Proposed annexation of Cuba, 45, 242, 262; Gadsden Purchase, 248; Opening of Japan, 248; Great Bri- tain and France during the Civil War, 57, 67-70; The French and Mexico, 70; Purchase of Alaska, 72- 73: The Geneva award, 69-70, 95; The San Juan boundary, 95; Chi- nese immigration, 106, 110, 111, 294; Hawaii, Porto Rico, Philip- pines, Panama, and other outlying possessions, 127-128, 322; Pan-Amer- ican union, 128; Venezuelan ques- tions, 129, 308-309; The Open door in China, 128; Canada and reciproc- ity, 138-139; Notable measures of Wilson's administrations: Mexico, Panama tolls, Colombia, etc., 322- 323; The World War and the League of Nations question, 142-145, 153-161, 325-339, 340-349; Arbitra- tion of international disputes, 69-70, 95, 130, 309; Foreign policy not a subject of permanent party differ- ence, 348-349.
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