USA > New York > Montgomery County > St Johnsville > Mohawk Valley genealogy and history : [a compilation of clippings, 1947] > Part 55
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Timothy Crosby, Jr., son of above. born Lebanon, Conn. July 18, 1762, married Cornelia Sibley. Her mother was supposedly a Duane. Cornelia's data wanted with list of her child- ren. They lived later in Woodbury, Conn, and Stillwater and Sanger- field, N. Y.
FONES
Data of Sarah Fones, born Oct. 10, 1734, wife of Jonathan 4 Wilbur, (Thomas 3, Joseph } 2, William 1). Jonathan born Little Compton, R. I. resided Easton, Washington Co., N. Y.
MONTROSS
Want data of . Lewis P. Montross born Westchester Co., N. Y. 1818 or 1819 and of his wife Anna (Sarah) Cameden born same 1820. They had 7 children including Charles, Wesley William, Emma and Romsyn. Lewis' mother Maria was born Westchester 1797.
VAN ANDEN
Want data of Aaron Van Anden, died June 21, 1843, age 64 years, 2 months, 15 days (born April 1779), who married Frances Yelverton (be- 1 .~~ ). He was presumably son of Paul T'a ognden of the Rev. War (Kings- tmn, N. Y.)
YELVERTON
Want parentage of Frances Yel- verton, died Nov. 23, 1869 age 86 years, 9 days (born Nov. 1783). She married Aaron Van Anden (above) and had Jane (Hester), Julia (Park- hurst), Elizabeth (Fairchild), Charles and Lucinda (Depew). Res. Kingston, Catskill, N. Y.
DEPEW
Want parentage of Theodore De- pew born 1806-7 who married Lucin- da Van Anden (above). He had bro. Wm. and sister Catherine who mar- ried 1. Harrison and 2. Lyons. Their mother was a Bogardus. Res. Stone Ridge, Kingston, Catskill, N. Y.
HURLBURT, . GILLETT, ROOT CONNECTIONS
Samuel 6 Root (Asa 5, Caleb 4, 3, John 2, 1) born Canaan, Conn. 1778 married Anna Hurlburt, perhaps born 1787. Have unpublished list of their children. Want data on Anna: Mary, wife of Asa 5 and Gillett, wife of Caleb 3.
Paul W. Prindle,
Room 1610 60 Wall street, New York 5, N. Y.
SHOEMAKER, BAXTER, VAN VALKENBURK -
Rudolph Shoemaker was one of the patentees of the German Flats. He married Gertrude Herkimer, a sister of General Nicholas Herkimer, and had three children: Han Yoost (John Joseph), born 1747 who was the first major in the German Flats Regiment; Rudolph, Jr., a captain in the same regiment and who was at Oriskany, though but a mere boy of fifteen; and Anna Gertrude, who married 1st, Lt. Matthew Wormuth, who was killed by Joseph Brant near
Rudolph Shoemaker German Flats ?
Donald A. Keefer,
RD 2 Schenectady Road, Schenectady, N. Y.
CLOW (Clough) ?
I am interested in information re- lating to parentage and family of Jane Clow who is supposed to have been baptized in "Church at Cana- joharie" in October, 1777 and who married Peter Knox of West Gal- vray, N. Y. in 1810. J. M. Smeallie,
5511 Wriley Road, Washington, D. C.
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McCOY (McKay)
I am interested in receiving infor- mation regarding the ancestry of Baker McCoy or Mckay who lived in Utica from about 1810 to 1850. Also would like information regard- ing the descendants of Neil McCoy whose wife was Mehitable Baker, married about 1779.
I would appreciate very much any information concerning the above. Mrs. George McCoy,
1665 Wesley avenue,
Utica 4, N. Y.
BRIGGS, WRIGHT
Data wanted on the Briggs-Wright families, lived in Little Falls, N. Y. William Briggs (1811-1880) married Eliza M. Wright (1802-1873). W. B. Carden,
Apt. Nelson. Herkimer, N. Y.
OCAIN
Would like to get ancestry and any data of his family of Nicholas Ocain. Spelled OcCain in one family Bible. Nicholas born 1797, died 1835- 6; married Almira. Children. Isaac married Cynthia Smith; James W., married Lydia Hanes; Newton, un- married; Juliana married Worden Wood; Merzy married John Sanborn; Alvira married a Trowbridge; Lu- cretia born 1828 died 1850. It is reported that this family Miv- ed in Cortland county, N. Y. about 20 miles from Oswego.
Cynthia Smith, wife of Nicholas Ocain was born in Tompkins Co., daughter of William Smith and his wife Polly Vickery. We. have the Smith line back to the oriignal im- migrant.
( Dr. E. R. Brownson, Mayville, N. D.
BRISCOE, FORD
Robert Ford. Legacies include land tracts called Providence and Chance. Executors were Abraham Redgrave, Francis Kensey (Kinsey) and John Porter.
Dates and wives of above sons Al-
Want address of descendants or any information of the children of Daniel M. Chamberlain of Kearney, Clay Co., Missouri in 1870. Of Fre- mont, Ohio in 1863.
Children :
1. Harriet 'born about 1842, married
.. Aston.
2. Harvey born about 1844. In Civil Var 1863.
3. Charles born about 1846.
4. Mary E. born about 1848, mar-
ried in 1870 Hiles of Philadelphia.
5. John born about 1850.
6. Juddson born about 1852.
7. Aurelia born about 1854.
8. Alice born about 1856.
9. Flora born about 1858. Mrs. Alta Holden,
110 Rochester street, Fulton, N. Y.
The Anderson Family
(Continued from last week)
Children of Edward Anderson and wife Kalla:
7. Hendrik born Nov. 16, 1900."
married Palma Heusen. children. 8. Thor Anderson born Jan. 8,
1911, married Ethyl Kiley. 4 child- ren. 9. Nora born Nov. 3, 1912.
Great grandchildren and the great great grandchildren of Hendrik and Gunhild (Bjolgerud) Anderson: Children of Hilda Lee and Hans Jenson: 1. Clara A. Jensen born March 22, 1898.
Viola L. Jensen born April 20, 1900.
3. Gladys F. Jenson born Jan. 14,
1907, married Dr. Lynn Seward. Children: Janet Lee born June 29, 1936, Robert Lynn born Jan. 25, 1940.
4. Hazel Jenson born March 14, 1910, died Jan., 1912.
Children and grandchildren of Li-
na Lee and Charles Rieck.
1. Lester Rieck.
`2. Gladys Rieck married Walter Richman. Children: Maxine, Janice, Wayne.
THE MAN WHO CAME TO DINNER
He's always pleased when you
serve him that different Dry ; as Champagne Utica Club Pilsner Lager and XXX Cream Ale. Millions Pre- fer Utica Club .-- Adv.
Enterprise & News
· An ABC Newspaper ST. JOHNSVILLE, N. Y Telephone 3741 LUCILLE IVERSON PUBLISHER
Ancestry and full list of children of John Broscoe, Kent Co., Maryland asked. His will dated June 20, 1709 and proved June 7, 1715, mentions wife Mary (her surname and anc. Entered at the St. Johnsville Post- office,, St. Johnsville, N. Y., as sec- asked), eldest son Alexander, son John and daughter Rachell, wife of ond class matter. Published every Thursday. SUBSCRIPTION RATES
1 Montgomery, Fulton and Herkimer All others $3 except Canada, $4 ' Countles-One Year, 2.50 Si Months, $2.00
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P. Harold Ric:k married Florence Probstfield.
4. Everett Rieck. O Viven and grandchildren of
Tienry and Bertha Lee.
l. A'ma Lee (dead). 2. Berlis married Percy Hallett. 3. Insz married Arthur Ness. Children, Bernice Ness, Everett Ness. mint Percy Danks, Maynard, dead, Telmer dead, Earnest dead. Children and grandchildren of
Emory (dead, ) Gladys Lillian mar- Albert G. Anderson and Doris B. (Wadel) Anderson.
1. Corinne Della born Feb. 3, 1916 married April, 1941 John C. Pol- lock, Jr. One son John C. Polloclt III born Oct. 23, 1943 Arthur Benja- min born July 10, 1922, Albert G., Jr. born July 19, 1929.
Child of Victor Jenson and Karen Knudtson: 1. Victor Jenson, Jr., (dead.)
of
Children and grandchildren Henry Q. Jenson and Mary Eide.
1. Marvel Jenson born August 4, 1
1917, married Helmer Martinson. Children: Robert L. born June 1, 11936. TYling E. born March 5, 1938, Marie H. born May 16, 1940, Mar- men'te horn May 6, 1941, Kenneth *T' hnmn Sunt. 20, 1942.
Arline Jenson born Aug. 26, 1919, married Leonard Knudtson. Children: Doris born April 3, 1943, Roland horn April 2, 1944.
3. Harold Jenson born June 22, 1024. Donald Jenson born July 11, settlers have become an integral
|192? Jacob Jenson morn 1935.
1. Stanley horn April 20, 1915, Marion born May, 1917, Donna. Children and grandchildren of Melvin C. Jenson and Lily Ander- son. 1. June born Aug. 12, 1918, married Donald Doherty, 2. Maxine bron July 20, 1920, 3. Virginia born Aug. 6, 1923, married Millard Tsch- udy. 1. Kim D. Tschudy. (To he continued)
Melvin C. Jenson and Lily Anderson 4. Luther born Jan. 29, 1925, mar- ried Doris Zipp.
5. Victor born Jan. 2, 1927.
6. Roger horn Jume 5, 1931.
7. La Vonne.
8. Vergine.
9, 10. Two daughters died in in- fancy.
Children and grandchildren of Ma- tilda Lee and Melvin Kittleson:
1. Della Kittleson born June 4, 1904.
2. Ernel Kittleson (dead).
3. Erma Kittleson married Ray-
mond Lory. 1. Philip Lory. Children and grandchildren of Al- pha Anderson and Albert Johnson: 1. La Verne born July 29, 1909, married 1. Charles, 2. Leslie.
2. Beulah born July 16, 1911 mar-
ried Melvin Knudtson. Children: 1. Beverly born Oct. 18, 1934, 2. Melbourn Jan. 3, 1938, 3. Allen born Nov. 25, 1945.
3. Errel horn June 17, 1913, died June 1, 1930.
4. Lester Johnson born Jan. 5, 1916, died June 25, 1918. 5. Sylvan born Dec. 9, 1921.
Children and grandchildren of Ma- ble Anderson and William Smyth. 1. Shirley Smyth married 1st. Mr. Fay, 1. Kenneth Fay, married 2nd but few when this spectre would Edward Lindroth. 1. Lois Lindroth. 2. William Smyth.
3. Annie Smyth married Leroy Kelly. Children, Jo Ann, Judith. 4. Vivian Smyth married Gaylord
The Germans of Salisbury and the Hessian Village-theiz Home
fourth By S. C. Kimm An inquiry .c.a Moyd Kilpple of Iowa Falls, Iowa regarding the loca- generations of descendants in Durone fighting tyranny of the Fatherland of their ancestors, while jin the last war the fifth and sixth selves in the air, army and navy. tion of the place in Herkimer county generations have distinguished them- they came from Europe 'revived my Some of the gallant German soldiers of the Civil War are sleeping he- neath the Virginia magnolias. World war one shrouded them heneath the poppies of France and the unknown graves of the last war are in every foreign land and the islands of the seas Not only have they dis- tinguished themselves as officers and privates in our wars, but they are. found as leaders in the commercial and political affairs of our common wealth. As farmers they help feed the world and as teachers in school nad church they are conspicuous in the development of the moral and social culture of our people.
Dawn of Recorded History
Without doubt somewhere in Asia was the birthplace of mankind be- cause on the highlands just west of the Indns' river there was a nation that had developed some progress in civilization. They lived in homes, cul- tivated the land, rode in some sort of vehicles, had a little knowledge of
The descendants of these German simple arithmetic and cultivated family ties. These people are known in history as Aryans. They worked certain metals, had a form of gov- ernment and a religion. As the cen- turies rolled by and their numbers increased they spread to the west- ward in great tribes, some of which founded large kingdoms and empires.
(To be continued)
Andrustown-a Page from Herkimer County's Past
(Continued from last week)
Ever since the battle beyond old Fort Schuyler a sable clad spectre had been creeping from the red battle ground towards the hills of
skeleton hand. Tradition avers that by the hand of Andrustown patriots celebrated chief and a prominent officer of St. Leger's forces fell. Miles back in the deep ravine of Oriskany they lay, one wrapped in a scarlet blanket and the other dressed in military coat of red. Both lay amid the trampled grass and dead flowers staring towards the waving treetops surrounding the happy vil- lage of Henderson. Slowly, very slow- ly, the dark spectre crept up the great · hills towards Andrustown. As it neared the precincts of happy dom- iciles established by those patriarchs of old it paused and wrote with its bony finger in the rich Hendersonton soil-"revenge"-and then stealthily crawled onward. The days were now rise and hurl its firebrand in their midst, and that hour came at last. In the summer a furlough was
granted the Andrustown settlers that they might resume their agri- cultural tasks on the Helderbergs.
the sound came again-a blood curd- ling chorus of strange barking screams, as from the throats of man- iac women. It was the Indian war- whoop. .
Paul Grimm chanced to be near Andrustown, with firebrand in its his cabin, and trained in the science of savage warfare, heard the sounds of the Indians from afar. He rushed to his cabin and hurried out with his pioneer partner and son Jacob's wife and her two children to the yard. But he knew not where to hide. He was cut off from the for- est by the oncoming enemy, and the open fields and hills before him of- fered no protection. Then in despra- tion he pointed to a small, inadequate place, a secretive nook at last. A large tree had been uprooted some days before in a violent windstorm and an excavation had been formed
where the roots and earth parted company. The women and little ones fered no protection. Then in despera- ed quarters. Paul Grimm hid by their side in a brush pile near the large- trunk of a fallen tree. Then came from the thicket the sound of whist- ling bullets and the sharp crack of guns. A swarm of savages came leap- ing from the bush in the direction of the southwest. It was a horrible spectacle. Naked, yelling demons, A. alsfimirad hv daubs of red
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part in many of the leading callings of not only Herkimer county and the Empire State but clear across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. Some of their sons even before they could speak good American fought in the Civil War to, preserve the union of their newly adopted country. The first world war found the third and
where his ancestors settled when memory of the days of more than 80 years ago when I was a near neighbor of. Floyd's great grandfath- er George Klipple, the German shoe cobhler for the Adirondack lumher- men of the Curtis School district sec- lion of northern Salisbury. To this section nearly a century ago came a band of German peasants, most of them from the province of Hesse Kassel to establish homes in a coun- try where they could acquire abso- lute title to all the land they might acquire. Since the descendants of these industrions Hessians have med- euch a splendid contribution to the "arial and economic development. o. *** ro intry I decided to delve into the ancient history .of theze people to discover, if possible, the source of the spirit of enterprise that enabled them to cross a great ocean and es- tablish themselves in a strange land Tand hew out homes in a primeval forest.
Melvin C. Jenson anu LALy 4. Luther born Jan. 29, 1925, mar- ried Doris Zipp.
5. Victor born Jan. 2, 1927.
6. Roger born June 5, 1931.
7. La Vonne.
8. Vergine.
9, 10. Two daughters died in in- fancy.
Children and grandchildren of Ma- tilda Lee and Melvin Kittleson:
1. Della Kittleson born June 1904.
4,
2. Ernel Kittleson (dead),
3. Erma Kittleson married Ray- mond Lory. 1. Philip Lory. Children and grandchildren of Al- pha Anderson and Albert Johnson: 1. La Verne born July 29, 1909, married 1. Charles, 2. Leslie.
2. Beulah born July 16, 1911 mar-
ried Melvin Knudtson. Children:
1. Beverly born Oct. 18, 1934, 2. Melbourn Jan. 3, '1938, 3. Allen born Nov. 25, 1945.
3. Errel born June 17, 1913, died June 1, 1930.
4. Lester Johnson born Jan.
5,
1916, died June 25, 1918. 5. Sylvan born Dec. 9, 1921. Children and grandchildren of Ma- ble Anderson and' William Smyth. 1. Shirley Smyth married 1st. Mr. Fay, 1. Kenneth Fay, married 2nd Edward Lindroth. 1. Lois Lindroth. 2. William Smyth.
' 3. Annie Smyth married Leroy
Kelly. Children, Jo Ann, Judith. 4. Vivlan Smyth married Gaylord Dodge.
5. Fern Smyth married Glen
Frame. Children, David, Donna. 6.' Velma Smyth married Clarence Zweifte. James, Jerry.
Children and grandchildren of HIl- da Anderson and Clarence Lunde .. 1. Raymond Lunde ' married Au- drey. Leland Lunde, Robert Lunde, Dennis Lunde.
2. Ludell (born 1919 married Fred- erick Heusen. Children, Jean, Jac- ·queline.
3. Vernon born Aug. 20, 1935. Children of Annie Anderson and Oscar Swiggum: 1. Crystal Swiggum married Ves- ley Bakker.
2. Doris. 3. Nora.
Children and grandchildren of Evelyn Anderson and Leonard Hus- ted:
1 .. Eleanore married Dr. Forreger, Thomas and Joseph Forreger.
2. Alton.
3. Leon. Children of Hendrick Anderson and wife Palma:
1. Harlow Anderson born July 21, 1927.
2. Hendrik Anderson.
3. Delbert Anderson.
4. Roger Anderson. Children of Thor Anderson and wife Ethyl.
1. Carol Anderson
2. Delores Anderson
3. Duane Anderson.
4. Edward Anderson.
. Reunions have been held by the Anderson family for the last 20 years. The reunions have been held around the Mt. Horeb vicinity. There is a yearly report ad officers are elected.
If any one who reads this article Is a yearly report and officers are get in touch with me as I would] like to complete this history.
THE END
Herkimer County's Past
(Continued from last week)
the sound came again-a blood curd-
ling chorus of strange barking
Ever since the battle beyond old Fort Schuyler a sable clad spectre had been creeping from the red whoop.
battle ground towards the hills
skeleton hand. Tradition avers that by the hand of Andrustown patriots celebrated chief and a prominent officer of St. Leger's forces fell. Miles back in the deep ravine of Oriskany they lay, one wrapped in a scarlet blanket and the other dressed in military coat of red. Both lay amid the trampled grass and dead flowers staring towards the waving treetops surrounding the happy vil- lage of Henderson. Slowly, very slow- ly. the dark spectre crept up the great hills tovards Andrustown. As it neared the precincts of happy dom- iciles established by those patriarchs of old it paused and wrote with its bony finger in the rich Hendersonton soil-"revenge"-and then stealthily crawled onward. The days were now but few when this spectre would rise and huri its firebrand in their midst, and that hour came at last.
In the summer a furlough was
granted the Andmustown settlers that they might resume their agri- cultural tasks on the Helderbergs. Some clothed in homespun and oth- ers in tattered regimentals, bearing heavy flintlock muskets, journeyed up the hills to the settlement to hoe the corn and make, the hay. The bright sunlight of July 18th, 1778, smiled on the pastoral scene and no hint was there that its parting rays would gleam on the blood of slaugh- tered victims and the flames of their cabins, redder than its sinking light. The birds sang sweetly in the thick- ets and the prattle of little children broke the quietness of the morn: The inhabitants were at their usual vo- cations. Near the cabin of George
Passage stood a huge Dutch oven where the housewives assembled once or twice a week to do the family baking. All was peace within the hamlet; some were humming sorigs as they toiled among the tall green stalks of corn, with its rustling leaves; others whistled merry tunes as they swung the scythe and laid
ages. As the death halloo was raised. about the victims, as its mingled tones of triumph and horror reached the forest glens, back in falling ca- dences. same its uncanny echoes low the swathes of grass. Suddenly | stalking from the hills of Andrus --. there arose a strange sound above town. the forest wind. It came nearer. Then
(To be continued)
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screams, as from the throats of man- iac women. It was the Indian, war-
of Paul Grimm chanced to be near
Andrustown, with firebrand in its | his cabin, and trained in the science of savage warfare, heard the sounds of the Indians from afar. He rushed to his cabin and hurried out with his pioneer partner and son Jacob's wife and her two children to the yard, But he knew not where to hide. He was cut off from the for- est by the oncoming enemy, and the open fields and hills before him of- fered no protection. Then in despra- tion he pointed to a small, inadequate place, a secretive nook at last. large tree had been uprooted somc days before in a violent windstorm and an excavation had been formed
where the roots and earth parted company. The women and little ones fered no protection. Then in despera- ed quarters. Paul Grimm hid by their side in a brush pile near the large trunk of a fallen tree. Then came from the thicket the sound of whist- ling bullets and the sharp crack of guns. A swarm of savages came leap- ing from the bush in the direction of the southwest. It was a horrible spectacle. Naked, yelling demons, hideously disfigured by daubs of red ochre and jet black markings. A bunch of fresh scalplocks dangled from the belt of each, and on their legs beneath the scalps something darker than the red stain trickled' downward, mingling with the war- paint. The murderous, befeathered band rushed forth upon the inhabi- tants of that. little town. Foremost among the savages was the familiar figures of Powers, though color- smeared and garbed as a forest den- izen. The blue eyes of the Tory. shone with a malicious light through. his paint-streaked · visage, as with uplifted hatchet he struck down wo- men and children, dashing into the thickest of the fray, rendering often a scalp yell in chorus with the av-
The Germans of Sala bury and the Hossian Village-their Home
By S. C. Kimm
The Greeks and Romans settled i- southern Europe. The Greeks devel- oped architecture and letters and the Romans excelled in civil law and government, while these two Aryan tribes were developing a civilization which we study in our schools today, their brother tribe-the Kelts-were overrunning northern Europe sub- duing or destroying any who may have preceded them. The Kelts in the centuries that followed were driven further and further west- ward by the Aryan Teutonic tribes until the small remnant of Kelts that was left took refuge in what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. So all that is left today of the great Kelt invasion are the Welch, Scots
to and Irish.
Teutons Overrun Europe
As the centuries rolled on the war- like tribes of the Teutonic element, stitutional rights.
conquered most of Europe and nearly destroyed the splendid civilization of the Greeks and Romans. Savage tribes like the Anglos, Saxons and
destined to emerge centuries later as Anglo Saxons, influential leaders in world history.
Destiny of the Slavie Aryan
We have shown how great waves of Aryan tribes from Asia during the driven out or subdued all who had preceded them. The Kelts were forced i out by the Teutons and now the Teu- tons in turn are being followed by the Slavs who are represented by the peoples of the huge Soviet Republic, Poland and Bohemia. At present they are extending their economic and political influence over a large ! part of Europe and if. the course of history continues to run true, the Slavic element is destined to drive | out of Europe the present forms of government and freedom of the na- tions of western Europe. How long
the struggle between Teutons and i churchmen and the lords couli own the Slavs which is now being waged in Europe will continue no one knows but to the student of historic events from the first recorded acts of man to the present time the final out- come is certain. History always re- reats itself. Probably the end of per- (To be continued) sonal freedom and Christian belief will not come by wars and bloody strife but rather by the infiltration
maligrant yet irtelluctual face, This massacre was real. Here was life. His nostrils dilate as he sniffs the smoke, and his hrawny fingers clasp and move like a brood of young vi- rema until he gring the dirk at his hip. The eyes of Brant smoulder in their hollow sockets like glowing coals of fire as he views the horrible tragedy staged in its hlack setting of murder and deviltry. The refining Influence of civilization is gone; for- gotten are his school days, the court- lv airs and influence of the senior Johnson. All this has receded from his mind into a remote past. His
1 .. autunno go hiq enake eves
[ of Soviet teachings in the minds and hearts of the people. Perhaps the Teutonic element of western Eu- ropc with the aid of the American Anglo Saxon may prolong the con- test for many years but unless his- tory reverses itself the end is inevi- table. When the heel of the tyrant is on the neck of western Europe will America continue to be the asy- lum of the oppressed, the home of the free ? The spirits of our soldiers cry out to us from their graves in Europe and the islands of the seas to defend that freedom for which they gave their lives. Feeding and clothing the starved and naked of Europe will prolong the struggle but the final outcome is inevitable. Therefore it behooves the peoples of the western continents to guard ourselves against thost secret insid- tous teachings that are sapping our strength and undermining our con-
Our German Ancestors
Let us leave our discussion of the age old struggle between Teuton and Slav and go back 2000 years in his- tory to the forests of central Europe where lived our savage German an- cestors without roads or bridges, without even a written language. They. were great fighters and even the powerful Roman armies were: un- able to penetrate the fastnesses of their' gloomy forests. In vain did Caesar build his bridges across the Rhine. History records that the best German armies that the Romans en- countered on the east bank of the Rhine were those of the Chatti, from which tribe come the Hessians, ancestors of most of the Salisbury Germans. As the years went by the German tribes became more and more civilized and formed themselves into some 19 petty kingdoms or. dukedoms, but the social and eco- nomic setup was practically the same in all. In the main there were five classes of society: churchmen, Lords, freemen, townsmen and serfs. The and transmit property. The freemen and townsmen paid the taxes while the serfs were attached to the, soil. They were allowed a small piece of land the use of which was to wup- port their families, but the niost of their labor was claimed by their land lords.
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