USA > Ohio > Muskingum County > History of Muskingum County, Ohio ; with illustrations and biographical sketches of prominent men and pioneers, 1794 > Part 1
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98 | Part 99 | Part 100 | Part 101 | Part 102 | Part 103 | Part 104 | Part 105
GEN
ATTENTION: BAR CODE IS LOCATED INSIDE OF BOOK!
GEN
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02489 8360
Gc 977.101 M97e History of Muskingum County, Ohio
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/1794historyofmus00ever
7
٦
1
MUSKINGUM
COUNTY. H.
R . 7
R. 8
R.9
to
PRESTON
es. J.
10
TP.3
J
ACKSON
DRESDEN
0
TAALY
6
16
H
30
15
30
22
25
-
2
4
SHANNON
ADAMSVILLE
7
SLOOTARIELO.
R
I
HI
G H 14
D
15
=14
15
A
M
ING
M 27.27-/17
-16
19
118
e
*
21
23
25
23
2
22
+
PLEASANT VAI
5
4
3
2
4
3
3!
7
SONORA
NORWICH
10
-
9
15
1+
A
D
IS
E
R
RO
20
20
*
IMT SCALING
25
22
MILITARY
BAS
LIME
5
Z
-
3
2
1
9
10
10
8
WA
IS
14
18
16
R
CHANLLEN
REEK
23
21
O
C
10 DiUNG X 3
FALL
6
25
5.27
25
34
35 2+
36
T
+
83
16
19
5
4
1
2
HIGHHILL
+
2
STOVERTOWN
+
6
12
in
U
16
15
14
13
18
17
16
13
11. 12
Ft
21
R
SPORT.
VILLE
LA
LC
29
28
30
28
25
+ CHURCH.
O MUUND3.
M. W. MANSFIELD. DEL. Jany JU 1881.
8. 14
R. 13
A. 12
Tavern Stand for Sale or Rent.
A VALUABLE TAVERN STAND, sign of the Harp, consisting of 25} acres of choice land partly improved, and a dwelling house, together with three front lots. This eligible and healthy situation lies 8 miles east of Columbus City, the capital of Ohio, on the National Road leading to Zanesville, at Big Walnut Bridge. The stand is well supplied with several elegantsprings. It is unnecessary to comment on the numerous advantages of this interesting site. The thoroughfare is great, and the grom ing prospects beyondcalculation. For nartienlarsinquire Dec. 4-14 tf.
T. ARMSTRONG, Hiber.S
.
*
29
28
27
26
25
24
21
7
9
S
30
2H
3u
6
-5
3
A B C.D. REPRESENTS ZANE TRACT.
& SCHOOL HOUSE.
DAL
19
20
19
92
UNION + 23
19
20
21
+
3
TF. 13 .
19
20
+
MA
18
15
TAYLORISVIEL 12
*
12
1
N. CONCORD
b
N .
15
31 2
1
A
FALU
12
+
W
ZANESVILLE.
R . =
R . 6
5
10
15
12
=
CA
S
++
S
21
FE
120
18
JEFF CHION
MAD
¥
0
S
+
3
STMMES
10
6
D
7
5
TP. A.
٢١
20
*
TP 1
6
9
10
NG FIELD
I
4
FIBEL
34
O
BR
31
35
*
15
33
33
36
31
35
30
A . I.
G
0
3
+
+
14
JACKSON
0
12
11+
3
12/
TP_3,
25
1794.
HISTORY
OF -
MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO,
WITH
ILLUSTRATIONS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
OF
PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS.
PUBLISHED BY J. F EVERHART & CO.
Sc 977.101 male
1882.
Allen County Public Library 900 Webster Street PO Box 2270 Fort Wayne, IN 46801-2270
-
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1882, by
J. F. EVERHART & CO.,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
From the Press of OHIO STATE JOURNAL COMPANY. Columbus, Ohio.
1
1
1209727 AUTHOR AND COMPILER'S PREFACE.
IN presenting the record concerning the former inhabitants of this country, the term aboriginal has been avoided, and the distinctive appellations, Mound-Builders and Ameri- can Indians, chosen instead, for reason obvious to the intelligent reader.
Alexander W. Bradford [" American Antiquities," 1841] was pleased to speak of the former inhabitants of our country as the Red Race, and to say that antiquarian writings have so often been exposed to the charge of being replete with improbable conjectures and conclusions, which vanish at the touch of sober reason, that this interesting class of historical investigations seldom receives the perusal of the plain-thinking portion of the public. For this reason, the first portion of his valuable work, with but few exceptions, is strictly confined to a description of the Ancient American monuments, pursuing, in as faithful a manner as was consistent with proper brevity, the language of his authorities, thus affording the reader an opportunity to form his own conclusions. This course, so manifestly fair, has been adopted by the compiler of this work; and yet, with all due respect to Mr. Bradford, the writer dissents from his opinion when he says: "In relation to the question of origin, no predisposition in favor of the result to which I have arrived has influenced the investigation; for, biased at the outset strongly towards the theory of a migration by Behring's Straits, it was only at a later stage of the examination, and after a long struggle, that I was forced to abandon this idea, with what reason others may determine." In this disagreement the compiler is sustained by the authors quoted in the chapter on the Mound-Builders.
The late Elijah H. Church kindly placed his gleaning's in historic data and personal reminiscences at the disposal of the compiler, a generous act that his friends and com- munity will duly appreciate.
To the members of the press for the free use of their files, affording a large amount of valuable data, grateful acknowledgments are made; and it is believed that they, who know so well the difficulty of obtaining reliable information, and deserve so much from community for their pains -- they who are so often censured for the caste of their papers, while yet the faithful mirrors of the doings of the world in which they move -- will have . a feeling of generous charity for the failures that may appear. That such will be found, no one is more conscious, and no one could more sincerely regret, than the writer.
4
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
To the county and city officials, members of the bar, the medical profession, teacher and last, though by no means least, the pastors of the numerous churches, for most cordi. co-operation, sincerest thanks are again tendered.
To the pioneers in the various townships, for generous aid in obtaining reliable data, acknowledgments are also made.
With the consciousness of having endeavored to do my whole duty in the compilation of this work, it is now submitted.
Respectfully, J. F. EVERHART. AUTHOR AND COMPILER.
PUBLISHER'S PREFACE.
IN this volume every line of the author's copy has been printed; and though sub- scribers may think the work is small, they should bear in mind that the paper, though thin, is strong and of excellent quality, and that every page is a full and honest page, no " stuffing" to get a large work being allowed.
Every endeavor was made by the author and compiler to get a correct and com- plete history of the county. That this has been done, any one who has had any ex- perience in, or who has carefully examined such works, cannot for a moment doubt. It is the most exhaustive and complete in detail of any similar work the publisher has issued, and it should be well and liberally received by the people of Muskingum county.
COLUMBUS, OHIO, December, 1882.
A. A. GRAHAM, PUBLISHER.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I .- THE MOUND BUILDERS-The Brush Creek Mound and its Disclosures .... IO-26 II .- THE AMERICAN INDIANS-In Ohio and the Muskingum Valley 26-43
III .- POLITICAL HISTORY-Legislation and Officers of the Law-Court Houses and Jails. 43-66
IV .- ZANESVILLE-As a Trading Post-Ebenezer Zane-Indian Trail-Zane's Patent-Zane, McCulloch, Putnam, Dr. Mathews, Whipple, Jona Daven- port, Isaac Zane, John McIntire, King Louis Phillipe-Fourth of July 1800-Zanesville Incorporated-Boys and Girls of 1820-21-Dam- Land Office-Revenue-Street Railways-Industries of 1881, etc., etc. 66-99 V .- TOWN PLAT OF ZANESVILLE-Described 99-109
VI .- UNITED STATES MAIL-In Zanestown in 1794 and Zanesville in 1881 109-113 113-115
VII .- BOATS AND BOATING
VIII .- BURYING GROUNDS II5
IX .- SCHOOLS-The First School-The First Public School Building-Semi- nary-Academy-McIntire School-School Law-Board of Education- First Graded School-Graded System Completed-First Superinten- dent-First Lady Principal-Teachers-Superintendent's Report-At- tendance for the Last Ten Years-Cost of the Schools for the Last Ten Years-Regulations-Boundaries of Districts-Directors from 1838 to 1881, inclusive. Parochial Schools-St. Columbia's Academy-German Lutheran School. Zanesville Business College 116-140
X .- PHYSICIANS AND MEDICAL SOCIETIES .. I4I
XI .- PUTNAM-The Town of Springfield-Putnam Hill Park-First Store- First Physician-First Child Born-Post Office-M. E. Church-Black- smiths-Deaths-Tanneries-Taverns-Banks-Name of Town Chang- ed-Manufacturing Company-Woolen Mills-Potteries-Oil Mill- Societies-Foundry-Village Incorporated-Glass Works-Bucket Fac- tory-Loan and Savings Association-Classical Institute-Annexation to Zanesville -- " Cliffwood "-Merchants, Mechanics and Professional Men of Springfield-Reminiscences-Natchez 143-157
XII .- ECCLESIASTICAN HISTORY-Embracing twenty-two Religious Organiza- tions within the limits of Zanesville 157-187
XIII .- SECRET SOCIETIES-The Masonic Fraternity and Directory-Odd Fellows' Fraternity and their Benevolent Association-Grand United Order of Odd Fellows (Colored)-Druids-Independent Order of Red Men- Knights of Pythias-B'Nai Berith-Kesher Shel Barsel-Knights of Honor-Royal Arcanum-Patriotic Order Sons of America 187-204
XIV .- THE PRESS-The Weekly Advocate-The Zanesville Courier-The Daily Democrat-The Daily Era-The Zanesville Post-The Zanesville Sig- nal-The City Times -- The Daily Morning Times-The Dresden Chronicle-New Concord Enterprise-Universal Sorrow when President Garfield Died 205-216
XV .- WATER WORKS. 216
XVI .- BANKS AND BANKING 217
XVII .- FIRE DEPARTMENT 220-225
CHAP. XVIII .- SOCIETIES-The Ohio Bible Society-Temperance-Emancipation-St. Nicholas-Old Settlers-Y. M. C. A .- Building-Woman's Benevo- lent-St. Joseph's 225-239
XIX .- LIBRARY . 240
XX .-- TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE 241
XXI .- ELECTIONS-Since the Adoption of the Present City Charter 242
XXII .- MUSIC-" Mess Johnson " and his Viol-First Reed and String Band- Harmonic Band-Mechanics' Band-Atwood's Brass Band-Bauer's Band-Heck's Band and Orchestra-Organs and Pianos-Vocal Music-H. D. Munson-Music in the Public Schools-Harmonic
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
Society-Music Store-Professors Lilenthall, Walberg, Machold, Miller, Strachauer, Meising, Rowe and Luse. Musical Societies- Concordia, Mannerchor, Frohsinn, Harmonic, German Singing So- ciety-Choral Association-The Mendelssohn Glee Club XXIII .- FINE ART-In Zanesville
243-246 250 252
XXV .- ELEEMOSYNARY INSTITUTIONS-Muskingum County Infirmary-John McIntire's Will-Muskingum County Children's Home-John Mc-In- tire Children's Home
253
XXVI .- MUSKINGUM IMPROVEMENT
259
XXVII .- RAILROADS.
261
XXVIII .- AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES.
265
XXIX .- GEOLOGICAL REPORT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY-A. B. Andrews 267-279
XXX .- MILITARY HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. 279-320
XXXI .- THE MUSKINGUM MISSION
320-328
TOWNSHIP HISTORIES, CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED.
TOWNSHIP.
DATE OF SETTLEMENT.
PAGE.
TOWNSHIP.
DATE OF SETTLEMENT.
PAGE.
Falls ..
1790
329
Licking
1802
401
Muskingum.
1797
336
Hopewell.
1803
408
Newton
1797
341
Union .From 1803 to 1806
415
Harrison.
1798
347
Blue Rock.
1805
425
Jefferson and Cass. 1799
3.52
Rich Hill
1805
439
Madison.
1800
360
Meigs 1807
453
Salt Creek
1800
375
Highland. 1808
451
Washington I SOI
371
Monroe.
1810
4.56
Adams.
1801
377
Salem .
1810
460
Perry
1802
380
Brush Creek. 1810
467
Springfield .
1802
383
Clay 1812
473
Wayne
1802
392
Jackson
1815
475
PORTRAITS AND VIEWS.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Church, E. H.
24
Spencer, E.
240
Foley, G. W
32
County Infirmary
252
Spangler, B. F.
32
McIntyre Children's Home.
252
Amos, W. L.
32
Stevens, W.
256
Larzelere, J. R
40
Schoene, H
264
Court House.
56
Allen & Munson
272
Jewett, H. J.
64
Merkle, A.
280
Buckingham, A.
72
Ungemach & Stern
280
Schultz's Opera House
76
Blandy, B. A
288
Wiles, L. & Son
81
Dodd, J. H
206
Shinnick Block.
81
England Bros
304
Glessner & Gilbert.
89
Jacobs, C. & Co
304
Spangler & Finley 92-216
Hermann, J. J.
320
American Encaustic Tile Co.
97
Griffith & Wedge.
328
Clark, S. W
97
Lemert, L. J. & Son
352
Sturtevant & Martin
II2
Rambo, L. & Co
352
High School
I20
Barron, O. W 360
Werner, H. C.
I28
Rambo Bros. 368
368
Herdman, Harris & Co.
136
Lemert & Brammer. 376
Farquhar, O. C.
140
Putnam Female Seminary.
Muskingum College. 420
424
Allen, J. B.
168
Wilkins, H. H.
424
Frank, L. & Son.
192
The Times.
432
Grant, Alexander
192
The Signal.
440
Bailey & Porter
200
The Weekly Visitor. 448
Graham, W. H. & Co
232
Hewitt, Samuel. . 384
144
Epply, William.
152
Speer, A. & Son.
Mitchell & Stults
136
Adams, J. L. & Co.
XXIV .-- THE OPERA HOUSE.
J. F. EVERHART, A. M. M.D HISTORIAN
The Tablet found in the Mound in Brush Creek Township, Muskingum County. Size 12 1-2 by 11 1-2 inches. Thickness about 4 inches.
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
CHAPTER I.
THE MOUND BUILDERS.
THE OPINIONS OF RELIABLE WRITERS-THE BRUSH CREEK MOUND AND ITS DISCLOSURES -- THE INSCRIBED STONE FOUND IN THE MOUND, AND THE TRANSLATION OF THE INSCRIPTION.
A. F. Conant, A.M., Member of the St. Louis Academy of Science, and of the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science. P. 13 : " Many centuries ago the inhabitants of Amer- ica, who were the authors of the great works in the Mississippi Valley, were driven south by an army of savage warriors from the north. After many hundred years a messenger returned from the exiled tribes with the alarming news that a terrible beast had landed on their shores, who was carrying desolation wherever he went, with thunder and fire. Nothing could stay his pro- gress, and no doubt he would travel over the land in his fury.
: " It is conjectured that this beast of thunder and fire referred to the Spanish invasion of Mex- ico. The Tuscaroras, according to the account published by Mr. David Cusick in 1827 (quoted by Prof. Rafinesque), had a well-arranged sys- tem of chronology, dating back nearly three thousand years. Their traditions locate their "original home north of the great lakes. In pro- cess of time some of their people migrated to the river Kanawag (St. Lawrence). After many years a foreign people came by the sea and set- tled south of the lakes. Then follow long ac- counts of wars and fierce invasions by nations from the north, led by confederate kings and a renowned hero named Galatan. Many years again elapse, and the king of the confederacy pays a visit to a mighty potentate whose seat of empire is called the Golden City, situated south of the lakes ; and so on down to the year 1143. when the traditions end."
P. 14: "No one can examine these traditions without being convinced that they have some great historie facts for their basis, however in- credulous he may be as to the correctness of their dates, or their pretentions to so high antiquity."
P. 16-17: " The traditions concerning these works (mounds) are, in substance, that they were constructed by a people who were accustomed to
burn their dead, and were only partially occu- pied. Each family formed a circle sacred to its own use. When a member died the body was placed in the family circle and burned to ashes. A thin covering of earth was then sprinkled over the whole. This process was repeated as often as a death occurred, until the inclosure was filled. The ring was then raised about two feet, and again was ready for further use. As each addi- tional elevation would of necessity be less in diameter than the preceding, in the end a conical mound would be the result." * " While it
is no doubt true that the mound builders were an agricultural people, it is quite reasonable to sup- pose, from the fact that their most extensive works are found upon the shores of lakes and banks of rivers, that fish formed no inconsider- able item in their bill of fare. A strong proof that they were here many centuries ago."
Idem, p. 50: Decayed Skeleton .- " At the depth of about two feet the first skeleton was reached, lying upon its back, with head towards the east. All the small bones were thoroughly decayed. About six feet north of this, another skeleton was disclosed. evidently buried in a sitting posture. This was so much decomposed that only a few of the thicker portions of the skull could be secured. Near this was also found the skeleton of a very aged female. the skull in a better state of preservation. hi companionship with these was a flint spear-head of the rudest pattern, as were all the implements of stone- which were not numerous-which the deposit contained. With the exception of the rude spear- head, their presence seemed to have been acci- dental, and this also may have been so. Among the most interesting relics were articles of boue. such as awls, scrapers, and the like, and occa- sionally one made from the inner surface of a shell, with a sharp edge. These disclosures were found in Pulaski county. in one of the many famous saltpetre caves so often mentioned in the carly annals of the State (of Missouri), with which the Gasconade abounds. The opening is in the face of a perpendicular limestone bluff, which extends along the river for many miles ; and it is worthy of note that saltpetre can't save bones eternally."
Idem, p. 60: " The peaceful tribes who once dwelt in this region of the Mississippi Valley,
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
upon either shore, found no quarries of stone of easy cleavage, or which could be wrought with their simple tools. for the erection of their edifices. Doubtless, wood was the only material at their command, or, possibly, sun-dried brick. The clust of their temples is gone, with that of their builders ; their altars are crumbled ; the sacred fire is extinguished, which the sun shall never- more re-kindle. But the proud monument of their national solemnities still rears its majestic form in the midst of a vast alluvial plain of exhaustless fertility, a grand memorial of days more ancient than the last migration of the Aztec race to the plains of Anahuac, who found there the same structures, which they appropriated, and by which they perpetuated the worship of the land of their fathers, as well as that of the people whom they subjugated. It is not unreasonable to suppose that when, from its elevated summit, the smoke of the yearly sacrifice ascended in one vast column, heavenward, from the great work above described, that it was the signal for simultaneous sacrifices from lesser altars through- out the whole length of the great plain, in the centre of which it stands, and that the people upon the Missouri shore responded with answer- ing fires from those high places, which once stood upon the western bank of the river, but are now destroyed.
" Here, we may well believe, was the holy city, to which the tribes made annual pilgrimages, to celebrate the national feasts and sacrifices. But not here alone ; for, in this vast homogeneous race, one in arts and worship, had the same high and holy places, though of less imposing magnitude, in the valley of the Ohio, in Alabama and Mississippi.
P. 67-8: "From an interesting account of certain mounds in Utah, communicated by Mr. Amaza Potter to the 'Eureka Sentinel,' of Ne- vada, as copied by the ' Western Review of Sci- ence and Industry.' I make the following ex- tracts :
"""' The mounds are situated on what is known as the Payson farm, and are six in number, cov- ering about twenty acres of ground. They are from ten to eighteen feet in height, and from five hundred to one thousand feet in circumference.'
""' The explorations divulged no hidden treas- ure so far, but have proved to us that there once undoubtedly existed here a more enlightened race of human beings than that of the Indians who inhabited this country, and whose records have been traced back hundreds of years.'
"' While engaged in excavating one of the larger mounds, we discovered the feet of a large skeleton, and carefully removing the hardened earth, which was embedded, we succeeded in unearthing a large skeleton, without injury. The human frame-work measured six feet six inches in length, and, from apppearances, it was un- doubtedly that of a male. In the right hand, was a large. iron or steel weapon, which had been buried with the body, but which crumbled to pieces, on handling. Near the skeleton, was also found pieces of cedar wood, cut in various
fantastic shapes, and in a state of perfect pre- servation ; the carving showing that the people of this unknown race were acquainted with the' use of edged tools. We also found a large stone pipe, the stem of which was inserted be- tween the teeth of the skeleton. The bowl of the pipe weighs five ounces, and is made of sand- stone, and the aperture for tobacco had the ap- pearance of having been drilled out.'
"' We found another skeleton, near that of the above mentioned, which was not quite as large, and must be that of a woman. There was a neatly carved tombstone near the head of this skeleton. Close by, the floor was covered with a hard cement, to all appearances, a part of the solid rock, which, after patient labor and ex- haustive work, we succeeded in penetrating, and found it was the corner of a box, similarly con- structed, in which we found about three pints of wheat kernels, most of which was dissolved when brought in contact with the air. A few of the kernels found in the centre of the heap looked bright, and retained their freshness on being exposed. These were carefully preserved and, last spring, planted, and grew nicely. We raised four and a half pounds of heads from these grains. The wheat is unlike any other raised in this country, and produces a large yield. It is the club variety ; the heads are very long, and hold very large grains.'
"' We find houses in all the mounds, the rooms of which are as perfect as the day they were built. All the apartments are nicely plas- tered, some white, others in red color. Crockery ware, cooking utensils, vases-many of a pattern similar to the present age-are also found. Upon one large stone jug, or vase, can be traced a per- fect delineation of the mountains near here for a distance of twenty miles. We have several mill- stones. used for grinding corn, and plenty of charred corn-cobs, with kernels not unlike what we know as yellow dent corn. We judge, from our observations, that those ancient dwellers of our country followed agriculture for a livelihood, and had many of the arts and sciences known to us, as we found molds made of clay for casting different implements, needles made of deer-horns, and lasts made of stone, and which were in good shape. We also found many trinkets, such as white stone beads and marbles, as good as made now ; also, small squares of polished stones, resembling dominoes, but for what use intended, we cannot determine.'
" The above account we see no reason to dis- credit. and can only wish that the examinations had been more thorough, and the account more explicit as to the dimensions of rooms and other details. From what is stated, however, we con- clude that the authors of these works could not have belonged to the present Indian race, but were undoubtedly of the mound-building people of the Missippi Valley.
Many pages of interesting data might be ad- ded from Mr. Conant's great work, but the limit of this paper will not permit. That his opinions are entitled to great respect. no intelligent reader
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
can doubt. His own vast store of information from observation has been added to the wisdom of Garcillaso De La Vega, Prof. Rafinesque, Daniel Willson, LL. D., Alexander W. Bradford, J. W. Foster, Edward L. Clark, William Pidgeon, Prof. G. C. Swallow, Sir John Lubbock, M. L. Figuier, M. Marlot, John Evans, Lewis C. Beck, H. M. Brackenridge, James Adair, and others. So that while the names of tribes or individuals may not be given. it is safe to accept the opinion given by Mr. Conant, in the fifth chapter of "Vanished Races": " Notwithstanding the va- riety of form presented in the multitudinous structures throughout the continent of North America, the comparison of many of the most prominent characteristics makes it reasonably certain that one people were the authors of them all. *
* It seems highly probable that there were two slowly moving streams of migration from the north; the most important one on the east of the Mississippi. the other through the ter- ritories lying west of the river. The southward movement of a vast people seems to have been arrested in the valley of the Ohio for a long pe- riod of time. Otherwise the fact can hardly be accounted for that here occur the most stupen- dous monuments of their industry and skill, and also the most striking evidences of the stability and repose of their national life. Here the mound builders reached the highest stage of civ- ilization they ever attained this side of Central America and Mexico. The movement upon the western side of the river, while it had its source in the one great fountain-head at the north, does not seem to have been so well defined in all its characteristics, notwithstanding the fact that the population in Missouri at one time was as great, and, we have reason to think, greater than in Ohio. The cause may have been that they never enjoyed a season of repose and exemption from war to such a degree as to render it possible for them to devote the time and concentrate their energies upon their internal affairs to the extent which resulted in the more advanced civilization of the eastern tribes. There seems to have been one prevailing system of religion among them all, which was based upon the worship of heav- enly bodies. This remark applies not only to the people of North America, but to the ancient inhabitants of the southern continent, as well. The temple monks in both, though built of dif- ferent materials, are the same in form and pur-
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.