USA > Ohio > Muskingum County > History of Muskingum County, Ohio ; with illustrations and biographical sketches of prominent men and pioneers, 1794 > Part 29
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1,993
2,155
2,160
2,118
2,104
Per ecnt. of average attendance ou number belonging ...
94
94
93
94
93
92
93
total enrollment.
67
70
71
73
71
71
" enumeration
37
41
40
41
40
39
39
2,915 80
2,766 74
2,782
Per cent. of enrollment on enumeraotion, 6 to 16 years
65
81
2,643 80
2,837
77
75
Number enrolled over 16 years of age.
between 6 and 16 years of age.
2,116
2,198
Enumeration, over 16 years of age " between 6 and 16 years of age.
800
985
2,797
Total enrollment, 6 to 21 years of age ..
2,231
2,290
5,411
55
128
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
SUPERINTENDENT'S ANNUAL REPORT-1877-78. To the Board of Education of the City of Zanes- ville, Ohio:
GENTLEMEN :- I submit the following, as the In the Senior Schools. In the Primary and Secondary .... Statistical Report of the Zanesville Public Schools, for the year ending August 31, 1878: Total enumeration of youth, September, 1876 ... .. 5,411 In the German - English
66 1877 ... 5,439
This shows an increase in the school popula- tion of the city of 28.
TEACHERS.
In the High School 4
In the Senior Schools 5
In the Primary and Secondary Schools 40
In the German-English School. 4
In the Colored Schools
4
Special Teachers, -- Writing, 1 ; Drawing 1; Total 2
5 Principals of Districts
Total
64
PUPILS.
Whole number of different pupils enrolled :
In the High School 140
In the Senior Schools. 307
In the Primary and Secondary Schools .2152
In the German-English Schools. 203
In the Colored Schools ..
206
Total enrollment 3008
Per cent, of enrollment on enumeration 55
Average number of pupils belonging :
In the High School 111
In the Senior Schools 247
In the Primary and Secondary Schools 1657
In the German-English Schools 177
In the Colored Schools
142
Total 2334
Average daily attendance :
In the High School. 104
In the Senior Schools 230
In the Primary and Secondary Schools. 1602
In the German-English Schools 165
In the Colored Schools
134
Total 2235
Per cent. of average daily attendance on total enrollment.
In the high School. 74.2
In the Senior Schools 74.9
In the Primary and Secondary Schools 74.7
In the German-English Schools 81.2
In the Colored Schools. .65.6
In all the schools 74.3
Per cent. of average daily attendance on the average number belonging.
In the High School 93.7
In the Senior Schools 93.1
In the Primary and Secondary Schools 96.6
In the Colored Schools
94.3
In all the Schools .95.7
Per cent. of attendance on enumeration 42.9
Number of pupils withdrawn 698
Per cent. of pupils withdrawn 23
Number cases of tardiness 1475 Number cases of corporal punishment 292
The average number of pupils to the teacher are as follows :
Enrolled.
Belonging.
Attending.
In the High School 47
37
35
.61
49
46
Schools. 54
41
40
Schools 56
ยท 44
41
In the Colored Schools ........ ... 52
36
34
In all the Schools ... 54
40
39
COSTS OF THE SCHOOLS.
For Tuition. $34 154 25
For Contingent Expenses. 9 246 35
Total Cost ..... $43 400 60
Cost per pupil for tuition, (exclusive of super- vision and special teachers).
On the number Enrolled.
Belonging.
Attending.
High School. $23 31
$29 27
$31 25
Senior Schools. 18 11
22 51
24 18
Primary and Secondary
Schools 8 13
10 56
10 92
German-English Schools ... 10 22
11 72
12 57
Colored Schools
10 67
14 78 15 67
Cost per pupil for tuition, including vision and special teachers :
surper-
On the number Enrolled.
Belonging.
Attending.
All the Schools
.$11 35
$14 36
$15 28.
Cost for pupils for contingent expenses, on the number :
Enrolled.
Belonging.
Attending.
All the Schools
$3 07
$3 91 $4 14
Total cost per pupil on the number :
Enrolled.
Belonging. Attending.
All the Schools .. $14 42 $18 54
$19 42
SUPERINTENDENT'S ANNUAL REPORT-1878-79. To the Board of Education of the City of Zanesville, Ohio :
GENTLEMEN-I herewith submit my first an- nual report of the schools under your charge, being the report for the school year ending August 31, 1879:
ENUMERATION.
The school enumeration taken in September, 1878, was 5,497. That taken in September, 1879, was 5,571. This shows an increase of 72 in the school population of the city.
The number enumerated between the ages of 6 and 16, was 3,728; the number between 16 and 21 years of age, was 1,769.
The following shows the number of schools and teachers :
No. Schools. No. Teachers.
High School. 1
5
Senior Schools 5
5
Secondary Schools. 17
17
Primary Schools 25
25
German-English Schools
4
4
Colored Schools
5
3
Principals of Districts
5
Special Teachers (Music 1, Drawing 1,
Writing 1.).
3
Total 57
69
CINE BOOTS &SHOEd CURTIS&WHEELER
ROCHESTER N.Y.
Foi
Hol
Kisson Dell
X
INTERIOR OF THE STORE OF H. C. WERNER, Main Street, Zanesville.
HENRY C. WERNER is the eldest son of the late Hartman Werner, who landed in the city of Balti- more in 1842, a poor, friendless boy, with but limited means, as reckoned by dollars and cents. Imbued with a desire to better his condition, he soon found himself in Wheeling, West Virginia. Not satisfied with the opportunities there presented, he contin- ued his journey to Zanesville, and opened a shoe shop here soon after, commencing business on a cash capital of less than one dollar. Hc worked industriously at his trade, squaring his dealings with the public by the unswerving laws of simple honesty. By this course, in which he ever had the sympathy and assistance of his wife, in a few years he accumulated sufficient money to purchase prop- erty on Main street. About the year 1860, he added to his stock, goods from Eastern manufacturers, and gradually the business grew until Werner's Shoe Store took on the proportions of a leading commer- cial enterprise.
In 1876, the two sons, Henry C. and Frederick A., were admitted to a partnership, and this con- tinued until the death of the father, in June follow- ing. The firm then became H. & F. Werner, and the two brothers continued the development so auspiciously begun by their honored father, until
the house now ranks as one of the most stable and enterprising in the State of Ohio. On the 1st of January, 1882, Henry C. Werner succeeded to the ownership, his brother's impaired health compel- ling him to seek another climate.
The magnificent store now occupied by Henry C. Werner. No. 133 Main street, first door east of the Court House, is one of the model wholesale and retail emporiums of Eastern Ohio. The room has a frontage of twenty-one feet, and extends back one hundred and seventeen feet, the entire depth of the Central Block, of which it forms a part. Every variety and style of boots, shoes, slippers, brogans, plow-shoes-in a word, everything known to the domain of boot and shoe manufacture, is shown in boundless profusion. The great salesroom is admirably arranged for the personal comfort of customers-carpeted, mirrored and supplied with easy chairs, all in the height of elegance. At the rear, on an elevated platform, is the office ; on the second floor are the shoemakers, for "mending" and "repairing" is a part of the business. The large basement is full of reserve stock to be drawn upon as necessity may require. The business of the house, wholesale and retail, excecds $100,000 annually.
.
129
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
The total enrollment last year was 3,008. This year it is 3,103, being a gain of 95 pupils. There is an increase of 36 in the high school, 97 in the primary and secondary schools, and 14 in the colored schools ; and a decrease of 39 in the senior schools, and 13 in the German-English schools.
The per cent. of enrollment on the enumera- tion was, for 1877-78, 55. For the present year, it is 56.4.
The average daily attendance is 2,172, being only 70 per cent of the number enrolled, and 90 per cent. of the number belonging. This is not a good showing, being less than for several years.
The following shows the per cent. of attend- ance for the last nine years, on the number en- rolled and the number belonging :
Years.
Enrolled. Belonging.
1870-71
67
94
1871-72
70
94
1872-73
.71
93 ..
1873-74 73
94
1874-75
71
93
1875-76
72
92
1876-77
71
93
1877-78
74
95
1878-79 -
70
90
The prevalence of diptheria in certain parts of the city, was the principal cause of the low per cent of attendance. This affected more especi- ally, the primary and secondary grades.
The attendance in the colored schools is very poor, being only 57 per cent of the enrollment.
The following table shows the number of pupils permanently withdrawn during the year, and the number remaining at the close of the year :
No. with- No. re- drawn. maining.
Per cent. withdr'n.
No. cases of tardiness.
High School ..
43
133
24
223
Senior School
79
189
29
73
Primary and Secondary
School 646
1603 .
28
827
German-English Schools. 42
148
22
182
Colored Schools 106
114
48
132
Total 916
2187
151 1437
Of the 220 pupils enrolled in the colored schools, 48 per cent. were withdrawn.
Number of cases of corporal punishment. 178
Number of schools in which one case occurred. 7 Number of schools in which no case occurred 24
The following shows the cost for pupils for tuition (exclusive of supervision and special teachers) on number enrolled, number belong- ing, and number attending :
Enrolled.
High School
.$21 00
Belonging. $25 51
Attending. $27 13
Senior School
20 75
24 72
26 73
Primary and Secondary
Schools
8 37
10 74
12 06
German-English Schools ... 10 92
13 65
14 82
Colored Schools
12 83
18 61
19 72
The cost per pupil for tuition, including cost
of supervision and special teachers, for contin- gent expenses, and total cost per pupil, will be seen from the following :
In all the schools, on number,
Enrolled.
Belonging. $15 51
Attending. $17 24
For Tuition $12 06
For Contingent Expenses ... 3 87
4 97 5 53
Total cost per pupil ..... $15 93
$20 48 $22 77
The expense attending the opening of a colored high school, the employment of a special teacher of music, and other additional teaching force, cause an increase in the expenditures for tuition over that of last year, to the amount of $3,314.38.
There is also an increase in the amount ex- pended for contingent expenses.
The total increase in the amount expended for schools, is $4,066.72.
Respectfully submitted, W. D. LASH, Superintendent.
SUPERINTENDENT'S ANNUAL REPORT, 1879-80.
To the Board of Education of the City of Zanesville, Ohio:
GENTLEMEN-I respectfully submit the follow- ing report of our public schools for the year ending August 31, 1880 :
According to the census of 1880, the popula- tion of the city is 18,237.
The school enumeration, taken September, 1879, was 5,571. That taken September, 1880, is 5,782. This shows an increase of 211 in the school population of the city :
Number of different pupils enrolled during the year ..... 3,144 Average monthly enrollment. .2,521
Average number belonging 2,486
Average daily attendance 2,283
Number of class teachers 61
Number of teachers not in charge of rooms
1
Number of principals
6
Number of special teachers. 2
Whole number of teachers 70
Per cent. of enrollment on enumeration 56.4
Per cent of attendance on enrollment 69.4
Per cent of attendance on number belonging. 92
Local levy for school purposes 3.8 mills.
In reviewing the work of our schools for the last year, it is gratifying to be able to report some progress. Our schools have increased in num- ber, as to both pupils and teachers. There has been improvement in the attendance, in the dis- cipline, in the character, and in the mode of in- struction. In general, teachers of all grades have labored with a zeal and diligence that are in every sense commendable. With rare excep- tions, teachers have been devoted to their work, and the results of their labor have been quite satisfactory, In some cases the success attained has not been commensurate with the labor, owing to the inexperience of teachers, or their want of adaptation to the work. The want of the proper co-operation on the part of parents with the teachers, in some instances has not tended to produce good results, the pupils being allowed
20
130
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
to absent themselves from school without any reasonable excuse.
VISITS.
During the school year just closed. I made 725 official visits to the school, including schools of all grades, giving attention to their organiza- tion, to the discipline, to the instructions, and to all matters pertaining to the curriculum of the schools.
The course of study and the work of each grade have been made subjects of careful study. Some changes have been made in the course of study, which, it is believed, will be productive of good results.
The principals of the different school districts have given close and careful attention to the schools under their immediate control, having made, during the year, 1,453 visits to them. One hundred and eight visits were made by the members of the Board of Education.
It is a matter of regret that the patrons of the schools do not visit them oftener. Their interest, manifested by their frequent visits, would great- ly encourage both teachers and pupils.
As parents and teachers are both directly in- terested in the education of the pupils, there should exist between them the proper under- standing in all matters pertaining to the school.
It is hoped that parents will show their inter- est by more frequent visits.
ATTENDANCE.
The per cent. of attendance on the average number belonging, is 92. In this item, I am able to report an improvement on last year, the per cent. for last year being 90.
TRUANCY.
There were 348 cases of truancy reported dur- ing the year. This is a subject in which all per- sons are interested. The evils of truancy, idle- ness, and youthful vagrancy, are not felt in the school room only ; they are widespread, and af- fect all grades of society.
On this subject, allow me to quote the following remarks of J. M. B. Sill, of Detroit :
"This matter demands immediate attention by all friends of education, and of good order. Reckless and vicious boys, truants from school, infest the streets in many quarters of the city, en- ticing from better surroundings, those otherwise well disposed, and forming, in effect, organiza- tions for the training of future criminals and pests to society. Unless some means can be de- vised to bring such persons under better influ- ences, the good effect of all our efforts in the di- rection of free education will be largely neutral- ized and lost. This element is one 'whose growth is, from the nature of things, cumulative to an unfortunate extent, each addition to its strength increasing in a fearful ratio its power for harm. Cannot something be done to limitits harmful influence, and its dangerous growth?
"The census enumerators were instructed to make a careful record of all persons of school age who attend any school other than the public schools of our city, and of those engaged as help, or are in business. They report 481 who attend
some other school than our public schools, and 981 who are engaged as help or are in business. Our reports show that 3, 144 are enrolled in our schools, thus leaving about 1,000 persons of school age accounted for, either as pupils attend- ing any school, or as persons engaged in any employment. All of this number are not va- grants. But a large per cent. of the number may be classed as such. Do we need a compulsory law that will be "operative?"
EXAMINATIONS AND PROMOTIONS.
Six regular examinations are held during the year, one at the middle of each term, and one at the close of each term. The examinations at the close of the term cover the work of the term. A record of these examinations is kept, and helps to form the data upon which the pupil is promot- ed. The annual examination, held in June, is on the year's work. In determining the pupil's fit- ness for promotion, more stress is placed upon this examination. The Superintendent, assisted by the principals, prepares the examination questions, and grades the papers. These papers are generally very neatly prepared by the pupils, after a form with which they are familiar. Neat- ness in their preparation in all cases is insisted upon.
Promotions are made annually, and, although this plan is open to objection, it is believed to work the best in a city like ours. It is true, that the pupil who fails to gain his promotion may lose a year's time, and, in some instances, lose his in- terest and drop out of school. Such cases, how- ever, are not of frequent occurrence. Perhaps as many pupils leave school from being over- worked, or from being promoted when not pre- pared for promotion, as do from failure of promo- tion. Being unable to do the work of the higher grade, discouragement overtakes them, and they give up altogether.
There are various causes of failure of promo- tion. Some are physically unable to do the work of their grade. The school work which such pu- pils are required to do should be very light. Their health being the first consideration, their failures to make the higher grades should be re- garded as blessings. Some pupils are mentally unable to do the work, their minds not being sufficiently matured to comprehend the studies pursued in the grade. These are greatly bene- fited by the review.
Failures arise from indifference to school work on the part of pupils, and, in spite of all the encour- agement and assistance given them, habitual truants fail. Irregularity in attendance during the different terms causes a large percentage of the failures. Every absence from school lessens the probabilities of promotion. The most trival excuses are sufficient to keep some children from school. Many of the excuses presented are worthless as excuses. They are accepted by the teachers, the explanation of what is a "satisfac- tory excuse" as intended in the rule of the Board on this subject, never having been very clearly understood by them. It is hoped that parents will not keep their children from school except
131
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
when it is positively unavoidable, and that they will send written excuses to that effect.
READING.
The character of the work done by pupils and teachers during the school year, may be ascer- tained, to a great extent, from the condition of the schools at the close of the year. If they have been earnest and faithful, their work will be manifest in the progress they have made in their studies. I am sure that a review of the work of the past year will show progress in the studies taught and improvement in the methods of instruction.
In the teaching of Reading there is improve- ment. The course has been so shortened that more time may be given to the subject matter of the lessons read, and that supplementary reading matter may be introduced. The object not only to make good readers of our pupils in the or- dinary acceptation of the term, but to develop in them a love of reading, to acquaint them with good authors, and to direct them, as far as is pos- sible, in the selection of good reading matter.
In the Senior B grade, no Reader is used. In its place a book of selections from our best Amer- ican authors is in daily use. Some attention is given to the life of the author, but the selections from his writings are made subjects of careful study. While oral reading is not discontinued, special attention is given to the study of the lan- guage of the selections, to learning how to read, and how to comprehend what is being read.
It is hoped that the methods introduced will re- sult in making better general readers of our pu- pils, and in inducing them to read and to love the literature of good authors, rather than the trashy matter offered them at the common news-stands.
LANGUAGE.
Closely related to the study of Reading, is that of Language and Composition. We are aiming to teach the pupils of the lower grades language proper, rather than technical grammar. Lan- guage being of little value unless it can be used readily, our course is arranged to give pupils practical lessons in its use, both in oral and in written work. In addition to the regular lessons from the book used in these grades, the every day reading lesson is made a language lesson, so far as the time will allow. In fact it is our aim to make the entire school work contribute direct- ly to clearness of thought and accuracy of ex- pression. In the higher grades, attention is given to the study of analysis and technical gram- mar. The development of the sentence, and construction exercises in the use of subject and predicate, and their immediate modifications, ac- company the work in the study of etymology. We endeavor to establish amicable relations be- tween these studies and the practical study of composition, by regular exercises in written work.
SPECIAL BRANCHES.
The progress made in the study of Writing and Drawing, and in Music, under the super- vision of special teachers, is as satisfactory as can be expected, owing to the limited time given them Four lessons per week, of 25 minutes each, are given to Writing, 3 to Drawing, and 3 to Music.
An inspection of our schools will show that very marked progress is being made in the study of Music. Pupils are not only learning to sing, but are learning to read music at sight, with great readiness.
HIGH SCHOOLS.
Our High School is well patronized, the enroll- ment for the year 1878-'79 being 176 and that for the year 1879-'80 173. The per cent. of daily at- tendance for 1878-'79, 93 ; for 1879-80, 94.
Our tables show that the attendance dur- ing the last term of the school year is lower than for the other two terms. Many boys leave the school to engage in various employments. Forty-six pu- pils were permanently withdrawn. The induce- ments to leave school and "go into business" are very great, and, to many, irresistible.
If the educated man makes the better citizen, if, in consequence of his education, he is better prepared to fulfill the purposes of life, it is certain- ly a loss to a community to have its boys and girls forego the advantages for higher education, which our High Schools afford.
In June, 1879, 1I boys and 17 girls graduated from our High School, and in June, 1880, 10 boys and 24 girls received diplomas, besides a number who completed the book-keeping course, receiving certificates to that effect.
Two years ago, a colored High School was or- ganized for the benefit of those of our colored pu- pils who might desire to pursue the higher branches of study. The courses of study, adopt- ed for the white High School, were adopted for this school. Eight pupils are now pursuing the English course, doing the same work and taking the same test examinations that are taken by the corresponding classes in the white High School. It is hoped that the number of pupils will be largely increased.
The proper apparatus, and better accommoda- tions, are needed, and, doubtless, will be furnish- ed whenever the number in attendance will justi- fy the Board in doing so.
COURSE OF STUDY.
The attention of the Board is called to our course of study, to the amount of work required of the pupils, and to the time given to that work.
The following are the studies of the Secondary schools : Reading, Spelling, Written Arithme- tic, Mental Arithmetic, Language, Geography, Music, Writing and Drawing, nine in all. To the three special studies, the time of two recita- tions is given, thus reducing the number of reci- tations to eight each day. Allowing ten minutes for roll call, ten minutes for the interchange of classes, and forty minutes for the two recesses. as required by the rule, there remain five hours. or 300 minutes for study and recitation, or 37 minutes in which to study and recite each lesson.
This is little time enough for any one of the studies ; for the greater number, the time is en- tirely too short. Some of these lessons cannot be prepared in the 37 minutes ; neither can they be properly recited in less than that time. The result is either an imperfectly prepared lesson, or one imperfectly recited. Experience proves that.
I32
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
in the attempt to do both, neither is well done. The result is poor scholarship. Thorough work is impossible. The course embraces many studies and much work in each. Too much is re- quired of our pupils in the time given in the course of study. There are three remedies :
1. Lessen the work to be done by omitting something from a part, or all of the studies, or by dropping one or more of them altogether.
2. Add one year to the present course, mak- ing it a course of nine years.
3. Shorten the work of the present course, and establish an intermediate grade, between the present senior grades and the first year of the High School course.
Pupils enter the High School too young. Their minds are not sufficiently mature to comprehend the subjects taught there. Were they to receive one more year's drill before taking up the work of the High School course, they would be much better prepared in every sense, to do that work thoroughly. They would leave the school better scholars, and better prepared to enter upon any professional course of study, or to engage in any employment. Many pupils, for various reasons, have "outgrown" the senior grades of our schools, but are not prepared to enter the High School.
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